public employment services: active labour market policies relevant ilo conventions
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PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES:Active Labour Market Policies
Relevant ILO Conventions
DONNA KOELTZILO GENEVA
Public Employment Services are the government institutions which plan and execute many of the labour market polices governments use to help workers enter the labour market, to facilitate labour market adjustments, and to cushion the impact of economic transitions.
• Ensure the maintenance of a free public employment service
• Ensure the best possible organisation of the employment market
• Consist of a national system of offices
• Tripartite advisory committees
C88: EMPLOYMENT SERVICE CONVENTION 1948
Registering applicants for employmentObtaining precise information on vacancies from
employersFacilitating mobility of job seekersCollecting, analysing and systematically making
available, information on the labour marketAdministration of unemployment insurance and
other measuresMeeting the needs of special categories of
applicants Initiating special measures for youth
Functions of Public Employment Services
To facilitate the matching of job seekers who are looking for employment with enterprises who need workers to fill their job vacancies
MANDATE
The Evolution of the Core Functions
Regulatory Services
Job search assistance &
placement services Labour Market
Information
Administerunemployment benefits
Labour Market Programmes
Employment services
TRADITIONAL FRAMEWORK
INITIAL INTAKE
•Registration
•General Information on Services Provided
•Access to Self-Service Options
•Group Information Sessions
EMPLOYABILITY
IMPROVEME
NT
•Individualized Counseling
•Assessment and Development of a Return-To-Work Action Plan
•May include Career, Vocational and / or Employment Counseling
•May involve one or more Labour Market Progammes
PERFORMAN
CE MANAGEME
NT
•Do all clients have fair and equitable access to the services?
•Are the desired outcomes being achieved?
•Are both job seekers and enterprises satisfied with the services?
•Are services delivered efficiently?
Employment CounselingAssisting job seekers to
effectively promote themselves to enterprises with job
vacancies
EMPLOYABILITY DIMENSIONS
Personal / Environmental
Factors
Clear Job Objective
Skills & Requirements to perform the job
Job Search Skills
Ability to maintain a job
LABOUR MARKET PROGRAMMES & SERVICES
Career CounselingAssisting job seekers select an appropriate occupation
Vocational CounselingAssisting job seekers identify skills gaps and determine the most appropriate means of closing these gaps
Employment CounselingAssisting job seekers to effectively
promote themselves to enterprises with job vacancies
Vocational CounselingAssisting job seekers identify skills gaps and determine the most appropriate means of closing these gaps
Skills training programmes
Educational Upgrading
On-the-job training
Entrepreneurial Training & related services
Job Subsidies programmes
Internship programmes
•Employment Resource Centre
•Job Matching
•Job Search Techniques
•Job Finding Clubs
•Access to internet sites and LMI
•Importance of life long learning
•Developing good work habits
•Life skills coaching
Realistic Career Goal
Women may face social / cultural taboos, need to balance family and work responsibilities
Older Workers often lack current job search skills, technical skills may be outdated but in spite of this may be reluctant to consider re-training
Migrant Workers face recruitment abuses, exploitation, social issues, difficulty in reintegrating when they return from overseas employment
Youth are three times more likely to be unemployed than adults and young women have particularly difficulties.
Persons with disabilities face problems of accessibility, societal misunderstanding regarding their abilities
All of these groups may eventually become Long Term Unemployed which brings with it even more barriers.
WHO ARE THE VULNERABLE GROUPS?
LABOUR MARKET TRAINING PROGRAMMES
… are likely to be more successful when they are…
Well targeted and tailored to meet individual needs
Designed to respond to labour market requirements
Linked with work experience
Part of a comprehensive package of services
Involving the social partners
JOB PLACEMENT SUBSIDIES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Can create employment if targeted to specific needs and groups of disadvantaged people
Can be used to compensate for initial lower productivity and/ or training
If not carefully targeted the same result might have been reached without the programme
Non subsidized workers may be replaced by those who are subsidized
Employment may last only as long as the subsidy
ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMMES
Can have high employment potential May meet some job seekers aspirations for flexibility and
independence But Can be difficult for job seekers who lack networks,
experience, technical knowledge and collateral There is also the risk of failure of the business, particularly
when the overall economy is weak, which limits its capacity to create sustainable employment
And… More effective when combined with financial and other
services, in particular mentoring and training programmes
EMPLOYMENT INTENSIVE PUBLIC WORKS & COMMUNITY SERVICES
Help job seekers gain labour market attachment May increase employability when combined with training Improves physical & social infrastructure, particularly if
combined with development and sectoral strategies
HOWEVER…
Workers may become trapped in a spiral of temporary public works programmes
Low capacity for labour market integration Often gender biased Potential displacement of private sector enterprises
Lack of funds and budget constraints
Capacity of Job Centres and staff
Recruitment and retention of PES staff
Balance & integration of main PES functions
Improving accountability & cost-effectiveness and stakeholder ownership
Improving use of ICT
Improved LMI capacities
PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES
Scope of PES or whether alternative options are better (e.g. one-stop-shop)
Division of Labour between private & public employment Services
Coordination of services for international migration between involved stakeholders nationally & internationally
POLICY CHALLENGES
• Public Employment Services using different delivery models
• Special Targeted Initiatives
• Increased demand for Career Counselling
• Leading to need for Better Labour Market Information
• Increased interest in Skills Training
• The Opportunities through Green Jobs
TRENDS
PES( C88 )
PrEA( C181 )
NGO / NFP
Placement / Job Brokerage
Placement / Job Brokerage Placement / Job Brokerage
Labour Market Information
Labour Market Information (generally limited to their sectoral specialty)
Often specialized in issues related to a specific target group
Administration of Labour Market Adjustment Programmes
Some training programmes generally specific to the industry within which the PrEA specializes
May offer some training, workshops or seminars on basic job search techniques, life skills etc.
Administration of Unemployment Insurance
May provide some financial support or other services to help job seekers get started
Regulatory Activities The association of private employment agencies, CIETT promotes self regulation of its members.
STAKEHOLDERS in EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES CONVENTION 181 (1997)
• LEGITIMACY OF PRIVATE AGENCIES
• BALANCE
• FLEXIBILITY
• PROTECTION OF WORKERS
• COMPLEMENTARITY
1. Modified Traditional (e.g. United Kingdom)Direct Delivery unemployed up to one yearExternal providers unemployed more than one year
2. Decentralized (e.g. Philippines, China, Chile)Large Urban Areas; Outlying Areas
3. Subcontracted (e.g. Australia, Canada)
4. Latest Development (the Netherlands)
DELIVERY MODELSDELIVERY MODELS
When developing an Employment Policy for a country it is important to consider:
• Capacity of the Public Employment Service• Core services most needed, the mix and the degree of
each service• Who are the most vulnerable groups?• Who are the other stakeholders and partners?• What delivery model will work to provide the best
possible service to job seekers, enterprises and the government?
CONCLUSIONS
THANK YOU!