public meeting to discuss the feasibility of meeting the 25 percent voc standard for aerosol...
TRANSCRIPT
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Public Meeting to Discuss the Feasibility of Meeting the 25
Percent VOC Standard for Aerosol Adhesives
November 8, 1999
California Environmental Protection Agency
Air Resources Board
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Presentation Overview
• Background
• 1998 Survey
– Development
– Product Categories
– Data Summaries
• Research and Development Efforts
• Summary
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Background
• Phase 2 rulemaking (1992)
• AB 1869
• 1996 Amendments
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Phase 2 Rulemaking
• 75% VOC -- 1995
• 25% VOC --1997
Established standards for aerosol adhesives:
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AB 1849
• ARB’s 75% standard shall apply to all applications, including industrial uses.
• Prior to Jan 2000, the ARB has sole authority to set VOC standards.
• After Dec 31, 1999 a district may adopt and enforce a standard that is more stringent than the ARB standard.
• The ARB shall prepare a study and conduct a public hearing prior to July 2, 2000 on the need for setting a more stringent standard.
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1996 Amendments to Consumer Products Regulations
• Extended deadline to meet 25% VOC to 1/1/2002
• Required manufacturers to report 1998 sales and composition data and R&D efforts.
• Required public hearing by June 1, 2000 to review and consider any appropriate modifications
• Incorporates AB 1849 provisions
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1998 Survey
• Sent out survey on March 3, 1999 requesting 1998 sales, product composition and R&D efforts
• Received responses from 45 companies
• 134 products in survey
• Survey includes industrial products
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Details of the 1998 Survey
• Sources of Information
• Aerosol Adhesive Definition Modification
• Product Categorization
• Survey Summaries
• Methylene Chloride Usage
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Sources of Information
• Companies that reported adhesive sales to the 1997 and 1995 surveys
• Shelf surveys -- visited craft, fabric, automotive, and hardware stores
• Searched the Internet
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Modified Definition for Aerosol Adhesive
• Current definition does not define “hand-held”
• For purposes of the survey we used 32 fluid ounces or less
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Product Categories
• Mounting
• High Performance
• Repositionable
• General Purpose
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Mounting
Products intended primarily for use in mounting photographs, artwork, and any other drawn or printed media to a backing (paper, board, cloth)
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High Performance
Products that meet specialized performance requirements for demanding uses, such as, high contact bond strength, high temperature resistance, and plasticizer resistance
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Repositionable
Products that are designed to allow two substrates to be temporarily bonded, separated, and then bonded again without having to apply additional adhesive
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General Purpose
Products that are designed for general purpose, light duty application on a variety of substrates. An example would be a general duty arts and crafts adhesives.
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Aerosol Adhesives1998 Sales and Emissions by Category
Mounting 49 29
High Performance* 425 267
Repositionable 41 30
General Purpose* 516 371
Total 1,031 698
Adhesive Category
CA Sales(tons/yr)
VOC(tons/yr)
*General Purpose and High Performance comprise about 50% and 40% of the sales and VOC emissions, respectively.
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VOC Levels per CategoryAll Products
No. ofProducts
Range(%)
Average %(weighted)
Mounting 5 58-85 (72)* 61 (61)*
HighPerformance
52 29-92 (75) 64 (63)
Repositionable 17 58-91 (75) 77 (66)
GeneralPurpose
57 0-95 (75) 73 (72)
* Parentheses indicate complying products
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VOC Levels per Category Products without MeCl or Perc
No. ofProducts
Range(%)
Average %(weighted)
Mounting 4 58-85 (72)* 61 (61)*
HighPerformance
44 29-92 (75) 64 (64)
Repositionable 11 58-91 (75) 77 (71)
GeneralPurpose
43 0-95 (75) 73 (73)
* Parentheses indicate complying products
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Methylene Chloride Use in Aerosol adhesives
Mounting .180 .01 1
High Performance 6.13 .02 38
Repositionable 1.80 .06 11
General Purpose 7.78 .02 49
Total 15.9 .02 100
Adhesive CategoriesMeCl(tons/yr)
MeClVOC Percent
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Research and DevelopmentEfforts
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Potential Technologies
• Water-based technology
• Formulating with exempt solvents
• Using non-VOC propellants
• Increasing solids content
• Hardware Modifications
• Combination of the above
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Water-based Technology
• Advantages– no safety (flammability) concern– low VOC
• Disadvantages– resin incompatibility– freeze-thaw instability– slow drying time– insufficient adhesion on non-porous substrates– high manufacturing cost
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Formulating with Exempt Solvents
• Acetone
• Methyl Acetate
• Methylene Chloride
• Perchloroethylene
• Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
• Volatile Methyl Siloxanes
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Formulating with Non-VOC Propellants
• HFC-152a
• Carbon Dioxide
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Increasing Solids Content
• Advantages:– lower VOC
• Disadvantages:– solubility– dispensing problem– cost
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Hardware Modifications
• More controlled spray pattern
• Accommodate formulations with higher solids
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Summary
• Adhesives formulated with water and MeCl can meet the 25% standard
• However, water base has a limited market niche and MeCl has toxicity concerns
• Many current products are 10-20% below the current 75% VOC standard
• Technology using a combination of exempt compounds, high solids, and hardware modifications show promise