public research and innovation alan bennett uc davis
TRANSCRIPT
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Alan B. Bennett, Ph.D.Executive Director, Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture
Public research and innovation: Opportunities and challenges
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University research represents a $50B investment –mostly from the government, but does it lead to innovation and economic development?
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1. Created clarity about IP ownership
2. Localized licensing of IP near researcher/inventor
3. Created incentives to build technology transfer infrastructure
How are U.S. universities using this How are U.S. universities using this research base to support innovation research base to support innovation and economic development?and economic development?
Focus on intellectual property Focus on intellectual property
BayhBayh--Dole Act >25 years oldDole Act >25 years old
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Licensing activity and royalty revenues indicate thatuniversity innovation accounts for >$20B in economic activity
And contribute to a robust engine for future innovation cycles:
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University innovation and technology transfer can:
Strengthen institutional research capacity
Provide “real world” research experiences for students
Contribute to regional economic development
And contribute to a better world
So, what is not to like?
And can institutions adopt deliberate strategies todrive innovations from labs to the market?
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UC Davis – from its roots
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A comprehensive university campus
College of Letters and Science
Division of Humanities, Arts and Cultural Studies
Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Division of Social Sciences
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
College of Engineering
College of Biological Sciences
4 Colleges
5 Professional Schools
Plus National Primate Center
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Research Funding 1996-2006
in millions
FY 1996-97 $183.6
FY 1997-98 $195.5
FY 1998-99 $246.3
FY 1999-00 $268.6
FY 2000-01 $298.3
FY 2001-02 $356.9
FY 2002-03 $426.3
FY 2003-04 $420.7
FY 2004-05 $505.3
FY 2005-06 $544.0
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
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Technology Transfer Services(lawyers and scientists)
Business Development Services(MBAs and entrepreneurs)
Deliberate and strategic IP management to identify best innovative path
Founded 2004
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Strong research base
Culture supporting innovation in the university and faculty
Infrastructure to support technology transfer and industry collaborations
Networks with business development resources – legal, investment
Three strategies – a lo mismo tiempo
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“Our mission is education, research, and public service.
Technology transfer is a vehicle that helps us do all three. It boosts research
support. It creates internships and educational opportunities for our students. It
stimulates the regional economy. And hopefully, it benefits society.” Chancellor
Dynes
“California's economic rise is closely tied to the rise of its research universities. New
industries have been invented, new products have been developed and new medical
techniques have been invented to both save lives and enhance their quality.”
President Atkinson
leadership counts
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Campus “Events” – 15 to 20 per year
Info Sessions Monthly panel discussions focused on topics of interest to entrepreneurs
Biz 4 Academics Briefings on business topics relevant to entrepreneurs - created a
peer-oriented environment for faculty
Office Hours One-on-one mentoring sessions on specific topics.
Springboard Mentoring Mentoring program where a company would be matched with
a mentor to provide guidance.
Little Bang Annual poster competition with a specific focus on encouraging graduate
students in the sciences and engineering to form teams with MBAs.
Entrepefest Annual invitation-only networking event to bridge academia, industry, and
the investor communities. Attendance between 125 and 400.
Life Science Summits Major one-day sector-focused conferences
.
SBIR Seminars One-day seminars focused on writing successful SBIR grant applications.
Monthly newsletter
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2000: Uniax founder, Alan Heeger, 2000: Uniax founder, Alan Heeger, shares Nobel Prizeshares Nobel Prize
High profile examples of success and campus recognition– i.e. Entrepreneur of the year
UNIAX UNIAX -- Founded 1993Founded 1993
DuPont acquisition, Oct. 2000, DuPont acquisition, Oct. 2000,
Conducting polymers
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http://www.innovationaccess.ucdavis.edu/home.cfm?id=OVC,23,1728,1718,1276
Supporting faculty entrepreneurs
Faculty Roadmap for a
Start-up Company
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Supporting student entrepreneurs
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Strong research base
Culture supporting innovation in the university and faculty
Infrastructure to support technology transfer and industry collaborations
Networks with business development resources – legal, investment
Three strategies
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Invention Disclosure - ROI
Patent Evaluation and Filing
Market Evaluation
License to Existing Company License to Start-up Company
What skills are needed?
Technical/scientific
Legal
Business
EntrepreneurialLegal/Business
Infrastructure to support technology transfer and industry collaborations
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Associate Vice
Chancellor
Alan Bennett
Executive Director
UC Davis
InnovationAccess
David McGee
Business Officer
(Open Position)
Director
Business Development
& Entrepreneurship
Meg Arnold
Director
Industry Research
Alliances
Mona Ellerbrock
Associate Director
Technology Transfer
Services
Basic Sci. & IP Serv.
Clint Neagley
Associate Director
Technology Transfer
Services
Life Sci. & IP Services
Barbara Boczar
Material Transf & IP Serv.
Associate Director
Technology Transfer
Material Transf & IP Serv.
Rafael Gacel
Project Manager
Rebeca Madrigal
Marketing Assistant
Jasmine A. Bonoan
Interim Program
Coordinator
Thomas Spahr
Manager
Business Development
Tod Stoltz
(20%) Manager
Business Development
Strategy
Sajeel Malani
Intellectual Property
Officer
Andrei Chakhovskoi
Intellectual Property
Officer
Nancy Rashid
Intellectual Property
Officer
Copyright
Jan Dwyer
Intellectual Property
Analyst
Denise Meade
Intellectual Property
Officer
Randi Jenkins
Intellectual Property
Officer
Luanna Putney
Intellectual Property
Officer
Raj Gururajan
Intellectual Property
Analyst
Sharron Thompson
Intellectual Property
Analyst
Stacey Finney
Intellectual Property
Analyst
Linda Dixon
Intellectual Property
Analyst
Pakou Vang
Intellectual Property
Assistant
Gina Melville
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An infrastructure for technology management
www.iphandbook.org
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Strong research base
Culture supporting innovation in the university and faculty
Infrastructure to support technology transfer and industry collaborations
Networks with business development resources – legal, investment
Three strategies
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Created a culture supporting innovation in the university, in the faculty and graduate students
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Infrastructure to manage existing intellectual property assets (technology transfer office)
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Developed networks with business developmentresources – legal, investment and entrepreneurship
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Strong research base
Culture supporting innovation in the university and faculty
Infrastructure to support technology transfer and industry collaborations
Networks with business development resources – legal, investment
Preparation leads to surprises and success
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research diversity driving innovation
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Celebrex, Vioxx
Soluble expoxide
hydrolase Patent portfolio
research diversity driving innovation
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research diversity driving innovation
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The universityThe university--based technology cluster based technology cluster
Intellectual Property can be an important tool to support innovation
AND
Universities are important sources of innovation and IP
What about agriculture?
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Specialty crops; low value traits; public breeders
Subsistence crops for developing countries
Agricultural research – historically a public good…
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Agricultural research – increasingly a private asset…
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US 2007/0022495 A1
patent application1.A transgenic plant having an improved trait relative to a control plant, wherein: (a) the transgenic plant comprises a
recombinant polynucleotide encoding a first polypeptide having a conserved domain at least 65% identical to the
conserved domain of a second polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 110, 112, 116, 120, 124,
128, 131, 135, 139, 143, 147, 151, 155, 159, 163, 167, 171, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195, 199, 203, 207, 211, 215, 219,
223, 227, 231, 235, 239, 243, 247, 251, 255, 259, 263, 267, 271, 275, 280, 284, 288, 292, 296, 299, 303, 306, 309, 313,
317, 321, 325, 329, 333, 337, 341, 345, 349, 353, 357, 361, 365, 369, 373, 377, 381, 385, 389, 393, 397, 401, 404, 406,
409, 413, 416, 419, 422, 425, 428, 431, 435, 439, 443, 447, 451, 454, 458, 462, 465, 468, 471, 475, 478, 482, 485, 489,
493, 497, 501, 505, 509, 512, 515, 519, 522, 526, 530, 534, 538, 542, 546, 550, 553, 557, 561, 565, 568, 571, 574, 577,
581, 585, 588, 591, 594, 597, 601, 605, 609, 613, 616, 620, 624, 628, 632, 636, 640, 644, 648, 652, 656, 660, 664, 667,
671, 674, 678, 682, 686, 689, 692, 696, 700, 704, 708, 712, 715, 719, 723, 727, 731, 734, 738, 741, 745, 749, 752, 756,
760, 762, 766, 770, 774, 778, 782, 786, 789, 793, 797, 801, 805, 809, 813, 816, 819, 823, 827, 831, 835, 839, 843, 847,
851, 855, 859, 863, 867, 871, 874, 878, 882, 886, 890, 894, 898, 901, 905, 909, 913, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941,
945, 949, 953, 957, 960, 963, 966, 970, 973, 976, 980, 984, 988, 992, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, 1011, 1015, 1019, 1023,
1027, 1031, 1037, 1041, 1045, 1049, 1052, 1056, 1060, 1064, 1067, 1071, 1075, 1078, 1081, 1085, 1089, 1093, 1097,
1101, 1104, 1108, 1112, 1116, 1120, 1123, 1126, 1130, 1134, 1138, 1142, 1145, 1148, 1151, 1154, 1157, 1161, 1165, 1169,
1173, 1177, 1181, 1185, 1188, 1192, 1195, 1199, 1203, 1207, 1211, 1215, 1219, 1222, 1226, 1229, 1233, 1236, 1240,
1243, 1247, 1251, 1254, 1258, 1262, 1266, 1269, 1273, 1277, 1281, 1285, 1289, 1293, 1297, 1300, 1304, 1308, 1311,
1314, 1318, 1322, 1326, 1330, 1334, 1338, 1342, 1346, 1350, 1354, 1358, 1361, 1365, 1369, 1372, 1376, 1380, 1384,
1388, 1392, 1396, 1400, 1404, 1408, 1411, 1415, 1419, 1423, 1427, 1431, 1435, 1439, 1443, 1446, 1449, 1452, 1455,
1459, 1463, 1467, 1470, 1474, 1477, 1481, 1488, 1492, 1495, 1499, 1503, 1507, 1511, 1515, 1519, 1522, 1526, 1530,
1533, 1537, 1541, 1545, 1549, 1553, 1557, 1561, 1565, 1568, 1572, 1576, 1579, 1583, 1586, 1589, 1593, 1596, 1598,
1602, 1604, 1608, 1611, 1614, 1617, 1620, 1624, 1628, 1632, 1636, 1640, 1645, 1648, 1652, 1656, 1660, 1664, 1668,
1672, 1676, 1680, 1684, 1688, 1692, 1696, 1700, 1704, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1719, 1722, 1726, 1729, 1733, 1737, 1741,
1745, 1749, 1753, 1757, 1761, 1765, 1769, 1773, 1777, 1781, 1785, 1789, 1793, 1796, 1800, 1803, 1806, 1809, 1812,
1816, 1820, 1824, 1827, 1831, 1835, 1838, 1841, 1844, 1846, 1850, 1853, 1857, 1861, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877, 1881,
1885, 1889, 1893, 1897, 1901, 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1935, 1939, 1943, 1949, 1957, 1961,
1964, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998; and 1999-2007; (b) the improved
trait is selected from the group consisting of larger size, larger seeds, greater yield, darker green color, increased rate of
photosynthesis, more tolerance to osmotic stress, more drought tolerance, more heat tolerance, more salt tolerance,
more cold tolerance, more tolerance to low nitrogen, early flowering, delayed flowering, more resistance to disease, more
seed protein, and more seed oil relative to the control plant.
And patent claims are appropriating public science…
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70 proprietary technologies (40 US patents)70 proprietary technologies (40 US patents)�� IP uncertaintyIP uncertainty
�� High transaction costsHigh transaction costsKryder, Kowalsky & Kratigger, 2000Kryder, Kowalsky & Kratigger, 2000
… which creates IP challenges for public researchand missed opportunities for crop development.
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IP in Agricultural Research and Innovation
IP (patents) can be difficult to navigate – especially for public sector institutions that don’t have the history, experience or resources.
Public-private partnerships require up-front agreementsthat address intellectual property rights.
The first step in a project intended to be commercializedis understanding and addressing the IP dimensions of the project.
PIPRA was established as a resource for public researchers and institutions.
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PIPRA's founders wanted to created a partnership of public institutions
To enable access to agricultural technologies and the underlying IPRs
To develop IP strategies that will have the highest impact on the development of new technologies – especially for specialty crops and developing countries
To develop high standards of IP management
To leverage its broad base of experience for capacity building in developing countries
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Graphs constructed from data from: Trigo, et al. Agricultural Biotechnology and Rural Development in Latin
America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000
Ag-Biotechnology R&D in Latin America and the Caribbean
Public
Universities
49%
Public R&D
Centers
29%
Private Firms
22%
78% Latin American R&D Developed in Public Sector
* Survey includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
An even greater responsibility for the public sector to both initiate and participate in completing the agricultural biotechnology R&D pipeline