public schools of north carolina state board of education department of public instruction copyright...

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STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

Copyright

or Wrong

John BrimInstructional Technology Division

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction

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Essential Copyright Questions• If caught, will I:

• go to jail?• be sued?• be fired?

• Will my teachers or students go to jail?

• Do I need to worry about copyright?

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Why Care?

Law, policy, curriculum, ethics

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LawUnited States Constitution, Article I, Section 8

The Congress shall have Power…To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.

Federal Law Title 17, U.S. Code

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Copyright Policy

State & Local Technology Plans

Local School Board policy

Local Acceptable Use Policy

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Curriculum – NC SCOSComputer skills curriculum

Information skills curriculum

Language Arts curriculum

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Ethics

What are we teaching?• “Well, they’re just kids”

Modeling behavior

What is right?

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Copyright Basics

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Scope of Copyright - Five Fundamental Rights

• Reproduction

• Adaptation

• Publication

• Performance

• Display

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Fair Use

• A legal principle that defines the limitations on exclusive rights of copyright holders

• Agreement between Congress, producers, users

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Fair Use Conditions

1. Non-profit educational institutions or homebound instruction

2. Face-to-face instruction – students and teachers

3. Support of curricular objectives

4. Legally obtained

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Fair Use Factors/Test

1. Purpose and character of use

2. Nature of copyrighted work

3. Amount copied

4. Cumulative effect of use

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Public Performance in a Classroom

• Copyright holders have exclusive rights to public performances of their works

• Things you watch or listen to at home may not be shown publicly

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Scenario – The Mural

Parent volunteers create a colorful mural featuring cartoon characters and characters from popular fiction on the wall of the library during the summer.

Have they violated copyright?

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Yes

• Adaptation and reproduction of copyrighted cartoon characters is a violation of copyright.

• If the characters are trademarked it is a violation of trademark laws.

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Scenario - Reading Help

Ms. Meisner reads a book into a tape recorder so a student may listen to it as he reads the book.

Has she violated copyright?

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Yes

Recording the text of the book onto an audiotape is like making a photocopy.

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Scenario – The English Lit Class

Mr. Charles rents a copy of Romeo and Juliet at the local video store to show his literature class.

Has he violated copyright?

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No

School Rental of Videotapes for Classroom Use

• 1985 interpretation by the NC Attorney General of “Home Use Only”

• specific exemption found in Section 110 (1) of the Copyright Statue

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Scenario – The New SystemA media coordinator digitizes her videotape collection so it can be used on the new digital video distribution system.


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Yes

• Reproduction - made a copy

• Adaptation - changed format from analog video (videotape) to digital (computer file)

• Publication/Performance - distribution of an illegally obtained video

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Scenario – The Talent Show

At a PTA sponsored talent show in the school auditorium, students sing and dance to music played on a boom-box. The did not secure permission to use the works. The PTA charges admission to cover their costs.


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Section 110(4) - Certain Other Nonprofit Performances

Guidelines for Educational Use of Music – 1976This is not fair use!

• Nondramatic musical works• No commercial advantage• No payment of performers, promoters, or organizers• No admission charge,

• But – may charge if used exclusively for educational, religious, or charitable purposes; no private financial gain,

• Copyright owner can serve notice of objection to the performance.

http://www.lib.jmu.edu/org/mla/faq/performing%20rights/Performance%20Permission.asp

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Scenario – The Fundraiser

A member of the PTA videotapes the orchestra’s performance of their spring concert. Tapes of the concert are sold to parents and community members as a fundraiser.


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Yes

• purchase of public performance rights allows only the performance – mechanical reproduction is prohibited

• music is copyrighted

• arrangement of music is copyrighted

• performance (by students) is copyrighted

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“Multimedia – a copyright infringement nightmare!”

Simpson, Carol M. Copyright for Schools: A Practical Guide. 3rd ed. Worthington: Linworth

Publishing, Inc., 2001.

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Multimedia Citation

• Opening screen must have a statement that materials used in presentation are copyrighted

• Credit the sources

• Display copyright notice ©

• Show ownership info

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Teacher Use

• Face-to-face curriculum-based instruction

• Demonstrations of how to create multimedia productions

• For remote instruction as long as the distribution signal is limited

• Kept for only 2 years

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Scenario – The Project

A student downloads a photograph she found online and uses it in her multimedia project.


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Issue - Pictures

• A photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety

• No more than 5 images of an artist’s or photographer’s work

• When using a collection, no more than 10% or no more than 15 images, whichever is less

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Scenario – The ProjectA student incorporates the text of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech into his multimedia project on the civil rights movement. He adds a 20 second video clip of the speech as an introduction.

Is this OK?

Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Issue - Text

• Up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is less

• the speech contains 1,650 words

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Issue - Video

• up to 10% of motion media or 3 minutes, whichever is less

• the clip cannot be altered

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Scenario – The Project

A student uses the song “Starry Night” by Don McLean and pictures of 10 Van Gogh art works in a biographic multimedia presentation on the artist.

Has he violated copyright?

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Issue - Music

• Up to 10% but no more than 30 seconds

• Alterations cannot change the basic melody or the fundamental character of the work

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Issue - Pictures

• No more than 5 images of an artist’s or photographer’s work• Isn’t Van Gogh’s work public domain?

• A photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety

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Pictures - continued

• When using a collection, no more than 10% or no more than 15 images, whichever is less

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Scenario – The Presentation

A group of teachers presents at conference.

In their presentation, they use pictures taken at their school, music captured from a CD, and student multimedia projects that contain copyrighted materials.


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Issue - Pictures

Original pictures belong to school and do not have copyright issues

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Issue - Music

• Up to 10% but no more than 30 seconds

• Alterations cannot change the basic melody or the fundamental character of the work

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Issue – Student Projects

• If the student project contains copyrighted materials, only the student may make the presentation. • Teachers may not keep copies

• If no copyrighted materials are used, only the student’s permission is required.

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Teacher Projects

• May teachers use copyrighted materials in multimedia projects created for workshops, staff development, and conferences?

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Teachers

“…multimedia projects may be used to teach in-service classes, for presentations at faculty meetings, workshops, and conferences.”

Becker, Gary H. Copyright: A Guide to Information and Resources. 3rd Ed. Lake Mary, 2003. 58-59.

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Internet

• No fair use guidelines

• Assume everything is copyrighted

• Use existing fair use guidelines for appropriate media format

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Fair use ends when control of the work is lost, such as when it is accessed by others over the Internet.

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Scenario – The Web siteA Web savvy student creates your school’s Web site.

The principal finds information that she considers controversial and has the system’s technician remove it from the site..


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Unless the Web site was created as a work-for-hire or under a written agreement, the student holds the copyright.

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Managing Copyright Policy

• Carol Simpson, Assistant Professor at University of North Texas

• Copyright for Schools: A Practical Guide. 4th ed. Worthington: Linworth Publishing, Inc., 2005.

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Managing Copyright

• Things

• People

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Things

• Recordkeeping• licenses• purchase orders/performance rights

• Post copyright compliance notices on equipment

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Things

• Clarify what is protected• information labels• compliance statements

• Tell people what they may use• fair use• licenses • permissions

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People - Teachers

• Handle resistance

• Eliminate myths

• Educate the faculty/admin/staff

• Take small steps

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People

Staff• clerical staff usually not aware

of copyright restrictions

Students• ethics and fair use

curriculum

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Roles - Media & Technology staff

• Not the copyright police

• Most knowledgeable person on staff

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Roles - Media & Technology staff

Education and awareness• policy• faculty meeting reviews• signed statement yearly• usage forms

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Roles - Principal

• Administrator is most at risk

• Make policy known

• Support to media /technology staff

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Roles -Principal

• Model and support appropriate behavior

• Be aware - monitor hallways, classrooms, extracurricular activities

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Roles – Teachers & Staff

• Understand fair use

• Abide by copyright laws and policies

• Model copyright compliance

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Roles - Students

Learn and follow the rules

• fair use rights

• citations

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More InformationCitation information

www.ncwiseowl.org/reference/citations.htm

Copyright handouthttp://www.ncwiseowl.org/zones/professional/Conferences/Copyright.doc

John Brim, 919-807-3288, [email protected]

In compliance with federal law, including the provisions of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, N C Public Schools administers all state-operated educational programs, employment activities and admissions without discrimination because of race, religion, national or ethnic origin, color, age, military service, disability, or gender, except where exemption is appropriate and allowed by law.

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