public speaking speaking in small groups copyright 2012 1
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PUBLIC SPEAKING
Speaking in Small Groups
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Small Group
Collection of 3-12 (18) people who assemble for specific purpose
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Problem-Solving Group
Formed to solve particular problem
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Leadership
Influencing group to help achieve goals
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Kinds of Group Leaders
• Implied
• Emergent
• Designated
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Implied Leader
Member to whom others defer because of rank or expertise
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Emergent Leader
Member who emerges as leader during deliberations
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Designated Leader
Member elected or appointed as leader when group is formed
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Group Needs
• Procedural
• Task
• Maintenance
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Procedural Needs
Routine “housekeeping” actions necessary for efficient conduct
of group business
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Task Needs
Substantive actions necessary to help small group complete its task
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Maintenance Needs
Communicative actions that maintain interpersonal relations
within the group
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Small Group Responsibilities
• Commit to group goals • Fulfill individual assignments• Avoid interpersonal conflicts• Encourage full participation• Keep discussion on track
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Hidden Agenda
Unstated individual goals that may conflict with group goals
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Reflective-Thinking Method
Five-step method for directing discussion in small group
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Reflective-Thinking Method
• Define problem• Analyze problem• Establish criteria for solutions• Generate potential solutions• Select best solution
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Question of Policy
Whether specific course of action should or should not be taken
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Discussion Question Guidelines
• Make question clear, specific
• Phrase question to allow for many answers
• Avoid biased questions
• Pose single question
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Clear & Specific Question
•Ineffective:–What should be done about fraudulent charities?
•More Effective:–What should the federal government do to control the activities of fraudulent charities?
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Allow Many Answers
•Ineffective:–Should our community build more bike paths?
•More Effective:–What should our community do to improve services for bike riders?
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Avoid Biased Questions
•Ineffective:–How can we keep the campus bookstore from ripping off students?
•More Effective:–What changes, if any, should be made in the pricing policies of the campus bookstore?
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Single Question
•Ineffective:–What revisions should our school consider in its admissions requirements and in its graduation requirements?
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Pose Single Question
•More Effective:–What revisions should our school consider in its admissions requirements?
•More Effective:–What revisions should our school consider in its graduation requirements?
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Consensus
Decision acceptable to all group members
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Group Recommendations
• Oral report
• Symposium
• Panel
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Oral Report
Speech presenting group’s findings, decisions, etc.
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Symposium
Public presentation in which people give speeches on different
aspects of topic
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Panel Discussion
Structured conversation among people in front of audience
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