published annually by the california department of justice ... · in california. since 1947, the...

Published annually by the

California Department of Justice California Justice Information Services Division

Bureau of Criminal Information and Analysis

Criminal Justice Statistics Center

2011

Juvenile Justice in California

This report and other reports are available on the California's Attorney General's website

http:/ /oag.ca.gov

http:oag.ca.gov

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICEKamala D. Harris, Attorney General

The Role of the Criminal Justice Statistics Center is to:

• Collect, analyze, and report statistical data that provide valid measures of crime and the criminal justice process.

• Examine these data on an ongoing basis to better describe crime and the criminal justice system.

• Promote the responsible presentation and use of crime statistics.

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ i

Juvenile Justice System at-a-Glance ....................................................................................... iv

Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................... viii Arrests .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Referrals .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Petitions .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Adult Court Dispositions ............................................................................................................. 47

Data Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 55

Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ 101 1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 103 2 Data Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 104 3 California Code Sections ........................................................................................................ 106 4 Felony-Level Offense Codes .................................................................................................. 108 5 Misdemeanor-Level Offense Codes ..................................................................................... 110 6 Juvenile Justice Glossary ......................................................................................................... 112

Contents

i

Juvenile Justice in California 2011 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests, referrals to probation departments, petitions filed, and dispositions for juveniles tried in juvenile and adult courts. Law enforcement agencies provide information on the number of arrests, and probation departments provide information on the types of offenses and administrative actions taken by juvenile and adult courts.

The California Department of Justice (DOJ) is required to collect and report statistics on juvenile justice in California. Since 1947, the DOJ’s Criminal Justice Statistics Center has compiled and published data on California’s juvenile justice system. Juvenile Justice in California 2011 reflects data extracted from the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System. (Appendix 1 describes the evolution of this system.) Referral and petition statistics reported in Juvenile Justice in California 2011 are compiled from data submitted by 57 of California’s 58 counties, representing over 99 percent of the state’s juvenile population. Sierra County is not included in the referral and petition sections of this report.

Juvenile Justice in California 2011 presents juvenile justice statistics in four sections: Arrests, Referrals, Petitions, and Adult Court Dispositions. The arrest data were reported by law enforcement agencies and law enforcement referral data were reported by probation departments. Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data were reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

z The Arrests section presents information on the number of juveniles arrested, the types of arrest charges, and the demographic characteristics of the juveniles.

z The Referrals section presents information on the number of juveniles referred to county probation departments, who referred the juveniles to the probation departments, the type of referral, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles referred, and the probation department dispositions.

z The Petitions section presents information on cases where a petition was filed, including the number of petitions filed, the types of petitions filed, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles, and the dispositions for those petitions handled in juvenile court.

z The Adult Court Dispositions section presents information on juveniles whose cases were processed in adult court, including the number of juveniles tried in adult court, the characteristics of the juveniles, and the adult court dispositions.

Below is a summary of highlights from each of the sections.

Arrests

The Arrests section (pages 1–11) provides data on reported juvenile arrests made by law enforcement agencies in 2011.

z More than half of the juveniles (56.4 percent) were arrested for a misdemeanor offense. Nearly a third (29.0 percent) were arrested for a felony offense, and the remainder (14.6 percent) were arrested for a status offense.

Executive Summary

ii

Juvenile Justice in California, 2011

z Nearly eight out of ten juveniles arrested (78.9 percent) were referred to county juvenile probation departments.

Referrals

The Referrals section (pages 13–27) provides data on juveniles who were brought to the attention of the county probation department in 2011.

z Nearly nine out of ten juveniles referred to county probation departments (88.0 percent) were referred by law enforcement agencies.

z One-fourth (24.9 percent) of juveniles referred to county probation departments were detained.

z More than one-third (37.7 percent) of the juvenile cases referred to county probation departments were closed at intake, indicating that no further action was taken.

z In one-half (49.7 percent) of the referrals to the probation departments, a petition was filed in juvenile court.

Petitions

The Petitions section (pages 29–45) provides data on juvenile cases that proceeded for formal processing to the juvenile court in 2011.

z Of the juveniles handled formally by the juvenile court, nearly two-thirds (64.7 percent) were made wards of the court.

z Less than one-sixth (14.8 percent) of the petitions for formal juvenile court adjudication were dismissed.

Adult Court Dispositions

The Adult Court Dispositions section (pages 47–53) provides data on juveniles processed through the adult court system.

z More than three-fourths (84.1 percent) of the juveniles tried in adult court were convicted.

Executive Summary

iii

ProbationDepartmentDispositions

148,250100.0%

PublicAgency/

Individual8,4265.7%

OtherSources

3,9322.7%

Transfers2,5971.8%

Schools, Parents,

Private Agency/Individual

2,8271.9%

Arrests149,563100.0%

JuvenileCourt

Dispositions73,639100.0%

LawEnforcement

ReferralCases

130,46888.0%

Referred to Probation118,05878.9%

Counseled and Released

29,59019.8%

TurnedOver1,9151.3%

Source: Tables 1, 8, 13, 21, and 30.Note: Percentages may not add to 100.0 because of rounding. 1 Transferred includes traffic court and deported.2In 2011, probation departments reported information on 912 transfers to the adult system. The adult court disposition information discussed here is for the 548 dispositions received in 2011.

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, 2011

Juvenile Arrests Juvenile ProbationClosed at

Intake55,94937.7%

InformalProbation

3,6992.5%

Diversion10,0706.8%

Transferred1

4,2072.8%

PetitionsFiled

73,63949.7%

Direct File in Adult Court

6860.5%

iv

At-a–Glance

Own orRelative’s

Home26,03354.6%

SecureCountyFacility15,15231.8%

Non-SecureCountyFacility

9962.1%

Other Publicor PrivateAgency5,19710.9%

Division of Juvenile Justice

2770.6%

Wardship47,65564.7%

Dismissed10,86814.8%

Diversion, Deferred Entryof Judgment,

or Transferred15,5027.5%

InformalProbation

4,8666.6%

Non-WardProbation

4,5226.1%

Remanded toAdult Court

2260.3%

z Arrest data were reported by law enforcement agencies and referral data were reported by probation departments. Data comparisons should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

z Typically, referrals are made to the probation department in the juvenile’s county of residence. The majority of referrals in this report came from police and sheriff’s departments (88.0 percent).

z Probation departments decide how to process referred cases. A case may be closed or transferred; a juvenile may be placed on informal probation or in a diversion program; or a petition may be sought for a court hearing.

z Most formal juvenile court hearings resulted in the juvenile being made a ward of the court (64.7 percent). Most wards were allowed to go home under the supervision of the probation department (54.6 percent).

z Juveniles can be transferred to the adult criminal justice system for prosecution of offenses if the district attorney files charges directly in adult court or remands to adult court after the juvenile fails a fitness hearing. Approximately eight out of ten dispositions received in adult court in 2011 resulted in a conviction (84.1 percent).

v

Juveniles to Adult Court

AdultDispositionsReceived in

2011548 2

100.0%

Convicted461

84.1%

Acquitted 6

1.1%

Dismissed78

14.2%

Jail8

1.7%

Certified toJuvenile Court

20.4%

Fine 2

0.4%

Other7

1.5%

Adult Prison/DJJ294

63.8%

Probation10

2.2%

Probationwith Jail

14030.4%

DiversionsDismissed

10.2%


vi


Data Analysis

A juvenile may be arrested for either violating a criminal statute or committing a status offense. Status offenses are acts that are offenses only when committed by a juvenile, such as curfew violations, truancy, running away, and incorrigibility.

This section contains information on the 149,563 juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies in 2011. This section also includes information on the characteristics of juvenile arrests and the final law enforcement dispositions of those arrests. Although some arrests involve more than one offense, only the most serious are shown in this report. Data for all 58 participating counties were extracted from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register.

The law enforcement disposition of a juvenile arrest is affected by several variables: investigative findings and the facts surrounding the alleged offense; prior arrest record; seriousness of the offense; determined need for admonishment; recourse to other authority; and other factors determined by the individual case.

Law enforcement agencies have three methods for the disposition of a juvenile arrest:

z Refer to probation departments for further processing. Some are handled at the probation level, and others are sent to juvenile and criminal courts for final disposition.

z Handle within the department, where juveniles are counseled and released.

z Turn over to another agency.

Notes: References to race/ethnicity will be made throughout this report. The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently, by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation Hispanic can include persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process. Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

Arrests

1


Source: Table 1.

Juvenile Arrests, 2011By Level of Offense

Juvenile Arrests, 2011Gender of Arrestee by Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2011, of the 107,653 arrests of males:

z Felony arrests accounted for 33.3 percent (35,870).

z Misdemeanor arrests accounted for 53.1 percent (57,202).

z Status arrests accounted for 13.5 percent (14,581).

In 2011, of the 41,910 arrests of females:



z Status arrests accounted for 17.3 percent (7,246).

In 2011, of the 149,563 juvenile arrests reported:



z Status offense arrests accounted for 14.6 percent (21,827).

2

LEVEL OF OFFENSE

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 33.3% 13.5%53.1%

18.0% 64.7%

PERCENT

FELONY MISDEMEANOR STATUSOFFENSES

17.3%

FELONY29.0%

MISDEMEANOR56.4%

STATUSOFFENSES

14.6%

Arrests

In 2011:

z Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of felony, misdemeanor, and status offenses.

Juvenile Arrests, 2011Age Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites were arrested for a misdemeanor (61.9 percent).

z A greater percentage of Hispanics were arrested for a status offense (16.8 percent).

z A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a felony (37.8 percent).

Juvenile Arrests, 2011Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

3

LEVEL OF OFFENSE

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

30.2%8.5%

26.6% 12.1%

29.8% 15.5%

61.4%

61.3%

54.7%


0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

61.9%25.0%

55.0%28.2%

52.2%37.8%

59.7%27.8%

13.2%

16.8%

10.0%

12.5%



In 2011, of the 35,870 felony arrests of males:

z Violent offenses accounted for 25.5 percent (9,148).

z Property offenses accounted for 36.6 percent (13,127).

In 2011, of the 7,533 felony arrests of females:

z Violent offenses accounted for 26.7 percent (2,010).

z Property offenses accounted for 47.0 percent (3,543).

Felony Arrests, 2011Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011, of the 43,403 juvenile felony arrests reported:

z 25.7 percent (11,158) were for violent offenses.

z 38.4 percent (16,670) were for property offenses.

z 11.1 percent (4,797) were for drug offenses.

z 24.8 percent (10,778) were for all other felony offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2011By Category

Source: Table 3.

4

FELONY ARRESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 25.5% 11.2%36.6%

26.7% 47.0%

PERCENT

16.1%10.2%

26.7%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

ALLOTHER

OFFENSES24.8%

VIOLENTOFFENSES

25.7%

DRUGOFFENSES

11.1%PROPERTYOFFENSES

38.4%

Arrests

In 2011:

z Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of violent and property offenses.

z Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were more likely to be arrested for a felony drug offense than juveniles in any other age group (12.3 percent).

Felony Arrests, 2011Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a felony violent offense (35.1 percent) and a felony property offense (43.3 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

z Regardless of race/ethnic group, the smallest proportion of felony arrests were for drug offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2011Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

5

FELONY ARRESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

27.4% 30.3%

26.5% 28.3%

25.4% 23.7%

40.8%

37.9%

38.5%

1.5%

7.3%

12.3%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

22.3%20.6%

35.2%24.0%

43.3%35.1%

39.6%23.7%

16.0%

11.3% 29.5%

16.4%

22.2%

5.2%

14.5%

41.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES


Misdemeanor Arrests, 2011Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely to be arrested for a misdemeanor drug and alcohol offense than females (19.8 vs. 14.4 percent, respectively).

z Females were more likely to be arrested for a misdemeanor theft offense than males (37.6 vs. 19.8 percent, respectively).

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2011By Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011, of the 84,333 juvenile misdemeanor arrests reported:

z 18.4 percent (15,536) were for assault and battery.

z 23.3 percent (19,657) were for theft offenses.

z 18.1 percent (15,223) were for drug and alcohol offenses.

z 18.5 percent (15,615) were for malicious mischief offenses.

z 21.7 percent (18,302) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

6

MISDEMEANOR ARRESTS

ALLOTHER21.7%

THEFT23.3%

MALICIOUSMISCHIEF18.5%

ASSAULT AND

BATTERY18.4%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL18.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 18.2% 19.8%16.5%

18.8% 37.6%

PERCENT

14.7%14.4%

20.3%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT

DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

14.5%

25.1%

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

Arrests

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2011Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of juveniles in the under 12 age category were arrested for misdemeanor assault and battery (25.5 percent) and malicious mischief (32.2 percent) than any other age category.

z A greater percentage of juveniles in the 15–17 age category were arrested for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses (19.4 percent) than any other age category.

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2011Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites were arrested for a misdemeanor drug and alcohol offense (25.8 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

z A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense (27.7 percent).

7

MISDEMEANOR ARRESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

25.5% 32.2%

21.9% 23.6%

17.0% 16.3%

21.2%

23.0%

23.5%

8.0%

14.9%

19.4%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

13.1%

16.6%

23.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

13.7%16.8%

21.0%17.9%

27.7%24.2%

34.4%15.1%

25.8%

17.3% 20.9%

19.9%

14.1%

8.5%

16.4%

22.9%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

20.9%

22.9%

19.8%

19.9%


Status Arrests, 2011Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely to be arrested for curfew violations than females (41.2 vs. 33.6 percent).

z Females were more than twice as likely to be arrested for being a runaway than males (27.2 vs. 12.3 percent).

Status Arrests, 2011By Category


In 2011, of the 21,827 status offenses reported:

z Truancy violations accounted for 24.8 percent (5,423).

z Runaways accounted for 17.2 percent (3,758).

z Curfew violations accounted for 38.7 percent (8,441).

z Incorrigible offenses accounted for 4.1 percent (887).

8

STATUS ARRESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 25.1% 41.2%12.3%

24.3% 27.2%

PERCENT

8.7%33.6%

18.4%

TRUANCY RUNAWAY CURFEW

OTHER STATUS OFFENSESINCORRIGIBLE

3.0%

6.2%

TRUANCY24.8%

RUNAWAY17.2%

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES15.2%

CURFEW38.7%

INCORRIGIBLE4.1%

Arrests

Status Arrests, 2011Age Group of Arrestee by Category


Status Arrests, 2011Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

In 2011:

z White juveniles were more likely to be arrested for runaway offenses than any other race/ethnic group (28.5 percent).

z Hispanic juveniles were more likely to be arrested for truancy violations compared to any other race/ethnic group (28.4 percent).

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of runaways were in the under 12 age group than any other group (37.2 percent).

z Juveniles in the 12–14 age group were more likely to be arrested on a truancy violation than any other age group (27.5 percent).

z Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were more likely to be arrested for a curfew violation than any other age group (40.4 percent).

9


STATUS ARRESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

23.3%5.8%

27.5% 32.5%

24.2% 40.4%

37.2%

23.9%

15.3%

10.1%

20.9%

16.6%



12.8%

6.1%

3.5%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

13.6%13.2%

14.0%28.4%

14.7%25.6%

17.1%26.4%

35.8%

39.2% 15.9%

15.7%

11.9%

40.2%

40.7%

28.5%



8.9%

2.5%

3.9%

4.0%


When processing juvenile arrestees, law enforcement agencies may refer juveniles to the probation department, counsel and release them, or turn them over to another agency.

In 2011, of the 149,563 law enforcement dispositions reported:

z 78.9 percent resulted in a referral to probation (118,058).

z 19.8 percent resulted in the juvenile being counseled and released (29,590).

z 1.3 percent resulted in the juvenile being turned over to another agency (1,915).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2011By Type of Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely than females to be referred to the probation department (80.0 vs. 76.2 percent).

z Females were more likely than males to be counseled and released (22.5 vs. 18.7 percent).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2011Gender by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

10

LAW ENFORCEMENT LEVEL DISPOSITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 80.0% 18.7%1.3%

76.2%1.3%

PERCENT

REFERRED TO PROBATION

COUNSELED AND RELEASED

TURNED OVER

22.5%


78.9%

COUNSELED & RELEASED

19.8%

TURNED OVER1.3%

Arrests

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2011Age Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2011:

z Regardless of age group, the majority of juvenile offenders were referred to probation.

z Juveniles under 12 were more likely to be counseled and released than any other age group (26.2 percent).

In 2011:

z More than 78 percent of juveniles in each race/ethnic group were referred to probation departments by law enforcement.

z White, Hispanic, and other race/ethnic groups were more likely to be counseled and released than black juveniles (approximately 20 percent vs. 15.8 percent).

11

LAW ENFORCEMENT LEVEL DISPOSITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

72.9%0.9%

78.0%1.3%

79.4%1.3%

26.2%

20.7%

19.4%



TURNED OVER

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

20.2%79.0%

20.8%78.1%

15.8%81.7%

20.5%78.6%

0.9%

1.1%

2.5%

0.9%



TURNED OVER


12

Juvenile referrals occur when a juvenile is brought to the attention of the probation department for a case review. Juveniles can be referred by a number of sources, with the largest percentage of referrals coming from law enforcement. Referrals may also be generated by schools, parents, public or private agencies, individuals, or by transfers from another county or state.

Referrals to the probation department consist of two types: new and subsequent. The term “new referral” applies to a juvenile who is not currently supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent referral” applies to a juvenile who is currently supervised by the probation department. A subsequent referral generally results from a new arrest or probation violation.

After a juvenile is referred to the probation department, a probation officer determines whether the juvenile should be detained or released. The probation department also conducts an investigation and determines whether the case should be closed or transferred; whether the juvenile should be placed on informal probation; or whether a petition should be filed with the court.

This section examines referrals by gender, age group, and race/ethnic group. A new section highlighting juveniles directly filed into adult court has been added. Direct filing into adult court occurs when a juvenile of a certain age commits an offense that is subject to mandatory filing by a prosecutor (Welfare and Institutions Code section 602(b)) or discretionary filing by a prosecutor (Welfare and Institutions Code section 707(d)). This process is separate from the fitness hearing process that is conducted in juvenile court and is highlighted in the Petitions section of this publication. For the purpose of this section, the term “juvenile” refers to those individuals processed through the juvenile court system.

The data used in this section originated from the 57 participating county probation departments (Sierra County is not included). This information was routed to the DOJ from referrals reported in the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (see Appendix 2).

13

Notes: Arrest data are reported by law enforcement agencies, whereas referral data are reported by probation departments. Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail. Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

Referrals


Source: Table 8.

In 2011, of the 148,250 referrals to probation reported:

z 88.0 percent (130,468) were from law enforcement.

z 1.9 percent (2,827) were from schools, parents, and private agencies and individuals.

z 5.7 percent (8,426) were from public agencies or individuals.

z 1.8 percent (2,597) were transfers from another county or state.

z 2.7 percent (3,932) were from other sources.

Referrals, 2011By Source

Source: Table 8.

In 2011, of the 148,250 referrals reported:

z 67.0 percent (99,364) were new referrals.

z 33.0 percent (48,886) were subsequent referrals.

Referrals, 2011By Type

14

REFERRAL SOURCE AND TYPE

SCHOOL/PARENT/GUARDIAN

1.9%

TRANSFERS1.8%

LAWENFORCEMENT

88.0%

PUBLIC AGENCY/INDIVIDUAL

5.7% OTHERSOURCES2.7%

NEW67.0%

SUBSEQUENT33.0%

Referrals

Source: Table 8.

Referrals, 2011By Level of Offense

In 2011, of the 195,269 referral offenses reported:

z 32.9 percent (64,213) were for felonies.

z 54.6 percent (106,697) were for misdemeanors.

z 12.5 percent (24,359) were for status offenses.

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each referral. Consequently, the number of referral offenses is higher than the number of referrals.

15

OFFENSE LEVEL

FELONY32.9%

STATUSOFFENSES

12.5%

MISDEMEANOR54.6%


In 2011:

z Females were more likely than males to have been referred to the probation department for felony property offenses (46.3 vs. 35.9 percent).

Source: Table 9.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2011Gender by Category

In 2011, of the 64,213 referrals for felony offenses:




z 28.6 percent (18,389) were for other felony offenses.

Type of Referrals, 2011By Category

Source: Table 9.

16

REFERRALS FOR FELONY OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

28.6%

VIOLENTOFFENSES

23.6%

DRUGOFFENSES

10.2%

PROPERTYOFFENSES

37.5%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 23.4% 10.2%35.9%

24.6% 46.3%

PERCENT

18.8%10.3%

30.4%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

Referrals

Source: Table 9.

In 2011:

z Regardless of age group, juveniles were least likely to be referred to probation departments for a felony drug offense.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2011Age Group by Category

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of blacks were referred to the probation department for a violent offense (33.1 percent) more than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 9.

17

REFERRALS FOR FELONY OFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

38.1%26.1%

37.0%23.3%

37.8%23.9%

36.5%21.7%

0.4%

6.0%33.7%

27.4%

28.4%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

10.9%

13.4%

35.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

27.9%18.2%

34.0%22.3%

43.3%33.1%

38.6%20.5%

13.4%

10.9% 32.9%

18.8%

27.8%

4.9%

13.1%

40.6%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES


In 2011:

z Males were more likely to be referred to the probation department for misdemeanor drug and alcohol and malicious mischief offenses than were females.

z Females were more likely to be referred to the probation department for misdemeanor assault and battery and theft offenses than were males.

Source: Table 9.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011

Gender by Category

In 2011, of the 106,697 misdemeanor referral offenses reported:

z 24.1 percent (25,716) were for assault and battery.




z 26.3 percent (28,109) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011By Category

Source: Table 9.

18

REFERRALS FOR MISDEMEANOR OFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 23.0% 16.9%12.3%

27.2% 26.4%

PERCENT

11.9%14.0%

19.3%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

28.5%

20.4%

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY24.1%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL16.1%

THEFT16.1%MALICIOUSMISCHIEF

17.4%

ALLOTHER26.3%

Referrals

Source: Table 9.

In 2011:

z Juveniles under 12 years of age were twice as likely as juveniles in the 18–24 age group to be referred for misdemeanor assault and battery (37.1 vs. 18.4 percent).

z The proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age. Conversely, the proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor assault and battery, theft, and malicious mischief decreased with age.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011Age Group by Category

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites were referred to probation departments for a misdemeanor drug and alcohol offense more than any other race/ethnic group.

z A greater percentage of Hispanics were referred to probation departments for a misdemeanor malicious mischief offense more than any other race/ethnic group.

z A greater percentage of blacks were referred to probation departments for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense more than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 9.

19

REFERRALS FOR MISDEMEANOR OFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

23.0%37.1%

16.9%30.2%

16.1%23.0%

13.7%18.4%

8.0%

12.7% 21.0%

16.8%

13.6%

14.6%

19.2%

27.7%

32.4%

16.4%

21.9%

17.3%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

13.6%19.5%

13.5%24.3%

21.3%32.9%

21.7%21.8%

22.2%

15.2% 20.2%

15.7%

13.2%

27.7%

26.8%

22.6%

25.9%

7.5%

17.3%

17.0%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF


In 2011, of all referrals for status offenses:

z 75.9 percent (18,478) were males, and 24.1 percent (5,881) were females.

Source: Table 12.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2011By Gender

In 2011, of the 24,359 referrals for status offenses:

z 11.8 percent (2,878) were for truancy.

z 7.2 percent (1,756) were for running away.

z 5.1 percent (1,252) were for violating curfew.

z 4.2 percent (1,032) were for incorrigibility.

z 71.6 percent (17,441) were for other status offenses.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2011By Category


20

STATUS REFERRALS

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES71.6%

RUNAWAY7.2%

TRUANCY11.8%

CURFEW5.1%

INCORRIGIBLE4.2%

MALE75.9%

FEMALE24.1%

Referrals

Source: Table 12.


z 0.5 percent (133) were for juveniles under 12 years of age.

z 14.3 percent (3,481) were for juveniles in the 12–14 age group.



Referrals for Status Offenses, 2011By Age Group

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2011By Race/Ethnic Group


z 25.1 percent (6,118) were white.

z 53.8 percent (13,094) were Hispanic.

z 15.0 percent (3,660) were black.

z 6.1 percent (1,487) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 12.

21

STATUS REFERRALS

UNDER12

0.5%

12-1414.3%

18-2413.6%

15-1771.6%

OTHER6.1%

WHITE25.1%

BLACK15.0%

HISPANIC53.8%


NOTDETAINED

75.1%

DETAINED24.9%

00 100SECURE

FACILITY

93.7%

3.3%

2.9%NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

Detentions, 2011Gender by Detention Type

In 2011:

z Regardless of gender, the majority of juveniles detained were held in a secure facility.

z Females were more likely to be detained in a non-secure facility than males (6.1 vs. 2.8 percent).

Source: Table 13.

In 2011, of the 137,555 known preadjudication detentions reported:

z 75.1 percent (103,363) of juveniles were not detained.

z 93.7 percent (34,192) of those juveniles detained were in a secure facility.

Detentions, 2011By Type

Source: Table 13.

22

DETENTIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 94.4% 2.8%2.8%

90.2%6.1%

PERCENT

3.7%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

Referrals

In 2011:

z The proportion of juveniles detained and placed in a secure facility increased with age. Conversely, the proportion of juveniles detained under home supervision decreased with age.

Source: Table 13.

Detentions, 2011Age Group by Detention Type

Detentions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Detention Type

Source: Table 13.

In 2011:

z Regardless of race/ethnic group, the majority of detained juveniles were in a secure facility.

23

DETENTIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

5.6%84.3%

3.9%90.8%

3.0%94.1%

1.3%95.6%

10.1%

5.2%

3.0%

3.2%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

3.6%91.3%

3.0%93.8%

2.2%95.3%

3.0%94.5%

5.1%

3.1%

2.6%

2.5%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION


Probation Department Dispositions, 2011Gender by Disposition Type

Source: Table 13.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, direct filed, and transferred.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely than females to have petitions filed to proceed to juvenile court (53.6 vs. 37.3 percent).

z Females were more likely than males to receive diversion (10.4 vs. 5.7 percent) or be closed at intake (45.3 vs. 35.4 percent).

Probation Department Dispositions, 2011By Type

In 2011, of the 148,250 referrals handled by probation departments:

z 49.7 percent (73,639) resulted in a petition being filed.

z 37.7 percent (55,949) were closed at intake.

z 1.1 percent (1,673) resulted in being transferred.

z 6.8 percent (10,070) received diversion.

z 2.5 percent (3,699) received informal probation.


24

PROBATION DEPARTMENT DISPOSITIONS

PETITIONS FILED

49.7%

TRANSFERRED1.1%

INFORMALPROBATION

2.5%

DIVERSION6.8%

CLOSEDAT INTAKE

37.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 53.6% 5.7%2.3%

37.3%3.1%

PERCENT

10.4%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION

TRANSFERRED DIVERSION

35.4%

45.3%

3.1%

4.0%

Referrals

Probation Department Dispositions, 2011Age Group by Disposition Type

In 2011:

z More than one-half (51.1 percent) of juveniles in the 15–17 age group had petitions filed in juvenile court.

z The proportion of juveniles having petitions filed increased with age. Conversely, the proportions being closed at intake or receiving informal probation decreased with age.


In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites received diversion than did any other race/ethnic group (8.6 percent).

z Regardless of race/ethnic group, close to half of the referrals resulted in a petition being filed.

Probation Department Dispositions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition Type


25

PROBATION DEPARTMENT DISPOSITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

2.4%13.4%

2.0%38.3%

6.5%51.1%

2.5%64.1%

6.0%

4.3%

2.3%

0.5%

65.7%

45.6%

36.4%

30.1%

12.5%

9.8%

3.0%

3.8%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION


0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

5.6%43.0%

2.6%50.9%

6.5%56.7%

4.0%45.0%

3.0%

2.7%

1.3%

2.5%

39.9%

37.8%

33.4%

41.0%

8.6%

6.0%

7.4%

2.2%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION



26

Direct File-Adult Court, 2011By Gender

Source: Table 16.

In 2011, of the 686 referrals resulting in a direct file disposition:

z Males were more likely than females to be directly filed into adult court (94.8 vs. 5.2 percent).

Direct File-Adult Court, 2011By Disposition Type

In 2011, of the 148,250 referrals handled by probation departments:

z 0.5 percent (686) resulted in a direct file with adult court.

z 99.5 percent (147,564) resulted in a disposition other than direct file with adult court.

Source: Table 16.

DIRECT FILE-ADULT COURT

ALL OTHERDISPOSITIONS

99.5%

DIRECT FILE INTOADULT COURT

0.5%

MALES94.8%

FEMALES5.2%

Referrals

27

Direct File-Adult Court, 2011By Age Group

In 2011:

z More than half (57.4 percent) of juveniles directly filed into adult court were 17 years old.

Source: Table 16.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of Hispanics were directly filed into adult court (56.9 percent).

Direct File-Adult Court, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition Type

Source: Table 16.

DIRECT FILE-ADULT COURT

AGE 1625.8%

AGE 141.7%ALL OTHER

AGES6.0%

AGE 159.0%

AGE 1757.4%

HISPANIC56.9%

BLACK27.6%

OTHER6.9%

WHITE8.7%

28


In the juvenile justice system, a case may be handled informally by the probation department or formally by the juvenile court. If the case proceeds for formal processing, the district attorney files a petition with the juvenile court to initiate court action.

There are two types of petitions filed in juvenile court: new and subsequent. The term “new petition” applies to a juvenile who is not being supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent petition” applies to a juvenile who is currently being supervised by the probation department and subsequently re-offends.

This section examines petitions by gender, age group, race/ethnic group, offense, fitness hearings, and disposition.

The data used in this section originated from the 57 participating county probation departments (Sierra County is not included). This information was routed to the DOJ from petitions reported in the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (see Appendix 2).

29

Petitions

Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.


Source: Table 18.

In 2011, of the 73,639 reported petitions filed in juvenile court:

z 50.7 percent (37,309) were new petitions.

z 49.3 percent (36,330) were subsequent petitions.

Petitions Filed, 2011By Type

30

PETITION TYPE

NEW50.7%

SUBSEQUENT49.3%

Petitions

Source: Table 18.

In 2011, of the 108,086 petitioned offenses filed:

z 43.5 percent (46,973) were for felonies.

z 41.4 percent (44,756) were for misdemeanors.

z 15.1 percent (16,357) were for status offenses.

Petitions Filed, 2011By Level of Offense

31

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each petition filed. Consequently, the number of petition offenses is higher than the number of petitions.

PETITION LEVEL

FELONY43.5%

STATUSOFFENSES

15.1%

MISDEMEANOR41.4%


Source: Table 19.

In 2011, of the 46,973 petitioned felony offenses filed in juvenile court:




z 26.4 percent (12,399) were for other felony offenses.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2011By Category

Source: Table 19.

In 2011:

z Regardless of gender, the largest proportion of felony petitions were filed for property offenses (37.7 and 46.7 percent).

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2011Gender by Category

32

FELONY PETITIONS

VIOLENTOFFENSES

24.3%

OTHEROFFENSES

26.4%

PROPERTYOFFENSES

38.9%

DRUGOFFENSES

10.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 23.8% 10.3%37.7%

27.6% 46.7%

PERCENT

14.8%10.9%

28.3%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

Petitions

Source: Table 19.

In 2011:

z Juveniles under the age of 12 had a greater percentage of petitions filed for felony violent offenses than any other age group.

z The proportion of petitions filed for felony drug offenses increased with age.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2011Age Group by Category

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of blacks had petitions filed for felony violent offenses and the least petitions filed for felony drug offenses than did any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 19.

33

FELONY PETITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

28.1%39.3%

38.3%25.8%

39.3%24.3%

37.8%22.0%

5.2%30.7%

25.5%

26.5%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

10.9%

13.8%

32.6%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

25.5%18.5%

35.3%23.0%

44.9%33.7%

39.1%20.7%

13.8%

11.0% 30.7%

16.7%

26.3%

4.7%

13.8%

42.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES


Source: Table 19.

In 2011, of the 44,756 petitioned misdemeanor offenses filed in juvenile court:

z 29.4 percent (13,177) were for assault and battery offenses.




z 26.9 percent (12,059) were for other misdemeanors.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011By Category

Source: Table 19.

In 2011:

z Males were twice as likely than females to have petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses (20.0 vs. 10.4 percent).

z Females were more likely than males to have petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses (35.8 vs. 27.7 percent).

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011Gender by Category

34

MISDEMEANOR PETITIONS

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY29.4%

ALLOTHER26.9%

THEFT12.3%DRUG

ANDALCOHOL13.4%

MALICIOUSMISCHIEF17.9%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 27.7% 13.2%11.3%

35.8% 15.7%

PERCENT

10.4%14.1%

20.0%

24.1%

27.7%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

Petitions

In 2011:

z The proportions of petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses and misdemeanor assault and battery offenses decreased with age.

z The proportions of petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011Age Group by Category

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites had petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses (20.7 percent).

z A greater percentage of Hispanics had petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses (20.6 percent).

z A greater percentage of blacks had petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses (38.0 percent).

Source: Table 19.

Source: Table 19.

35

MISDEMEANOR PETITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

23.6%48.1%

11.6%37.5%

12.5%28.9%

11.1%21.8%

0.9%

7.1%20.8%

17.8%

15.0%

13.5%

21.4%

13.2%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

14.2%

23.0%

27.2%

30.6%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

15.1% 25.9%24.2%

10.2%29.4%

15.9%38.0%

14.1%28.4%

20.7%

12.2% 20.6%

14.8% 26.0%

13.8% 27.7%

5.4%

16.0%

14.1%


DRUG AND ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

27.6%



In 2011, of the 16,357 petitioned status offenses reported:

z 2.5 percent (408) were for truancy.

z 0.3 percent (45) were for running away.

z 0.1 percent (23) were for violating curfew.

z 0.2 percent (29) were for incorrigibility.

z 96.9 percent (15,852) were for other status offenses, the majority of which were violations of court orders.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2011By Category

Source: Table 24.

In 2011:

z 81.9 percent (13,392) of petitions for status offenses were male.

z 18.1 percent (2,965) of petitions for status offenses were female.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2011By Gender

36

STATUS PETITIONS

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES96.9%

RUNAWAY0.3%

TRUANCY2.5%

CURFEW0.1%

INCORRIGIBLE0.2%

MALE81.9%

FEMALE18.1%

Petitions

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2011By Age Group

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2011By Race/Ethnic Group

In 2011:

z 24.8 percent (4,063) of those petitioned for status offenses were white.

z 53.5 percent (8,745) of those petitioned for status offenses were Hispanic.

z 16.5 percent (2,697) of those petitioned for status offenses were black.

z 5.2 percent (852) of those petitioned for status offenses were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 24.

In 2011:

z Less than 0.1 percent (1) of petitions for status offenses were for juveniles under the age of 12.

z 10.4 percent (1,697) of petitions for status offenses were for juveniles in the 12–14 age group.



Source: Table 24.

37

STATUS PETITIONS

12-1410.4%18-24

16.7%

15-1772.9%

UNDER 12


NOT REPRESENTED

0.9%

REPRESENTED99.1%

0 100PRIVATE COUNSEL

67.1%25.6%6.3%

1.0%COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER

OTHER

Defense Representation, 2011Gender by Type

In 2011, of the 60,968 juveniles represented by counsel:

z Males were more likely to be represented by private counsel than females (6.6 vs. 5.0 percent).

z Females were more likely to be represented by a public defender than males (73.2 vs. 65.7 percent).

Source: Table 20.

Source: Table 20.

Defense Representation, 2011By Type

In 2011, of the 61,500 known defense representations reported:

z 99.1 percent (60,968) of the juveniles were represented by counsel.

z 0.9 percent (532) of the juveniles were not represented by counsel.

38

DEFENSE REPRESENTATION

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE6.6%

65.7%26.7%

5.0%20.7%

PERCENT

PRIVATE COUNSEL

COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER OTHER

1.1%73.2%

1.0%

Petitions

In 2011:

z Regardless of age group, the proportional breakdown of defense representation was similar. The majority of juveniles were represented by a public defender.

Defense Representation, 2011Age Group by Type

Source: Table 20.

In 2011:

z Regardless of race/ethnic group, nearly six out of ten juveniles were represented by a public defender.

Defense Representation, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Type

Source: Table 20.

39

DEFENSE REPRESENTATION

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

0.4%11.2%

25.6%5.5%

35.8%2.4%

17.8%9.3%

69.5%

68.0% 1.0%

2.3%

0.3%

59.5%

72.6%

18.9%

PRIVATE COUNSEL



0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

24.3%5.3%

26.3%

22.9%8.5%

66.7%

69.5% 0.9%

1.1%

0.7%

66.5%

67.9%

27.0%

PRIVATE COUNSEL



2.8%

6.1%

3.5%


Source: Table 28.

In 2011, of the 304 fitness hearings reported:

z 74.7 percent (227) were determined to be unfit for juvenile court and were transferred to adult court for trial.

z 25.3 percent (77) were determined to be fit and remained in the juvenile system.

Source: Table 28.

Fitness Hearings, 2011By Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2011Gender by Outcome

In 2011:

z Females were two times more likely than males to be found fit and remain in juvenile court (47.6 vs. 23.7 percent).

40

FITNESS HEARINGS

UNFIT74.7%

FIT25.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 23.7% 76.3%

47.6%

PERCENT

FIT UNFIT

52.4%

Petitions

Fitness Hearings, 2011Age by Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Outcome

In 2011:

z As juveniles aged, their likelihood of being found unfit and transferred to adult court increased.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites were found to be fit to remain in the juvenile system compared to the percentage of Hispanic and black juveniles.

Source: Table 28.

Source: Table 28.

41

FITNESS HEARINGS

0 20 40 60 80 100

ALL OTHER

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

83.3%

45.5%54.5%

59.2%40.8%

79.7%

13.5%

20.3%

86.5%

FIT UNFIT

16.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

51.3%48.7%

78.6%21.4%

81.1%18.9%

44.4%55.6%

FIT UNFIT


Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2011Gender by Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely to receive a wardship disposition than females (66.3 vs. 57.6 percent).

z Regardless of gender, approximately 15 percent of cases were dismissed.

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2011By Type

In 2011, of the 73,639 juvenile court dispositions:

z 64.7 percent (47,655) resulted in wardship probation.

z 14.8 percent (10,868) were dismissed.

z 6.6 percent (4,866) resulted in informal probation.

z 6.1 percent (4,522) resulted in non-ward probation.

z 7.8 percent (5,728) resulted in dispositions including transfer, remand to adult court, deportation, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.


42

JUVENILE COURT DISPOSITIONS

INFORMAL PROBATION

6.6%

NON-WARDPROBATION

6.1%

OTHER7.8%

WARDSHIP64.7%

DISMISSED14.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 14.5% 5.5%5.8%

15.9%

PERCENT

10.5%

DISMISSED INFORMAL PROBATIONNON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

66.3%

57.6%

7.9%

9.0% 7.1%

Petitions

In 2011:

z Juveniles under the age of 12 were more likely to receive informal probation or have their cases dismissed than juveniles in any other age group.

z Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were more likely to receive a wardship disposition than juveniles in any other age group.

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2011Age Group by Type


Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Type

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of whites received informal probation than any other race/ethnic group.

z A greater percentage of Hispanics received wardship than any other race/ethnic group.


43

JUVENILE COURT DISPOSITIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

34.9%7.4%

28.0%

14.4% 11.3%

29.1%

59.5%

0.6%

8.4% 6.4%

12.5% 5.8%6.0%

27.6%

67.3%

56.4%

8.3%

4.4%5.3%

6.3%


OTHER WARDSHIP

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

16.2%7.9%

10.1%

13.5%

56.1%

68.1%

9.6%

5.6%7.0%

16.3% 5.6%4.7%

17.1%

66.0%

58.0%

7.4%

7.2%7.2% 10.5%

5.9%


OTHER WARDSHIP


Wardship Probation, 2011Gender by Placement Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes miscellaneous public and private facilities.

In 2011:

z Males were more likely to be committed to a secure county facility than were females (33.1 vs. 25.0 percent).

z Females were more likely than males to be returned to their own home or a relative’s home (59.9 vs. 53.6 percent).

Wardship Probation, 2011By Placement Type


In 2011, of the 47,655 wardship probation placements:

z 54.6 percent (26,033) returned to their own home or a relative’s home.

z 31.8 percent (15,152) were sent to a secure county facility.

z 0.6 percent (277) were placed with Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ).

44

WARDSHIP PROBATION

SECURECOUNTY FACILITY31.8%

NON-SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

2.1%

DJJ0.6%

OTHER10.9%

HOME54.6%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 53.6%

0.2%1.2%

59.9%

PERCENT

2.3%

HOME SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

NON-SECURE COUNTYFACILITY

DJJ OTHER

33.1%

25.0%

10.4%0.7%

13.7%

Petitions

Wardship Probation, 2011Age Group by Placement Type

In 2011:

z Juveniles under the age of 12 were less likely to be committed to a secure county facility and more likely to be returned to their own home or a relative’s home than were any other age group.

z Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were less likely to be returned to their own home or a relative’s home than were any other age group.


Wardship Probation, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Placement Type


In 2011:

z A greater percentage of Hispanics were committed to a secure county facility than were any other race/ethnic group.

45

WARDSHIP PROBATION

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

74.5%

0.6%2.3%

61.1%

13.7%

22.2%

11.8%

13.9%

0.5%2.3%

52.6% 33.1% 11.5%

1.3%0.4%

61.0% 34.3% 3.0%



DJJ OTHER

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

59.4%

0.8%2.3%

52.8%

1.9%

28.1%

34.8%

10.4%

9.4%

0.4%1.8%

55.0% 26.7% 16.0%

0.3%1.2%

57.7% 30.5% 10.3%

0.2%



DJJ OTHER

46


Juveniles can be transferred to the adult justice system for prosecution if they fail a juvenile court fitness hearing, or at the discretion of the district attorney. In 2011, probation departments reported 912 transfers to the adult system.

The adult-level disposition information in this section pertains to the 548 final dispositions received in 2011 and examines adult-level dispositions by gender, age, race/ethnic group, offense, and disposition. The data were obtained from the DOJ’s Offender-Based Transaction Statistics (OBTS) file. If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, OBTS selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment. If there are multiple court dispositions, OBTS selects the most serious court disposition and the associated offense (see additional data limitations in Appendix 2).

47


Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.


Source: Table 31.

In 2011, of the 548 adult-level court dispositions received:

z 93.4 percent (512) were for males.

z 6.6 percent (36) were for females.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2011By Gender

Source: Table 31.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2011By Age

In 2011:

z 3.5 percent (19) were for juveniles 14 years of age.




48

ADULT COURT DISPOSITIONS

MALE93.4%

FEMALE6.6%

14 YEARS3.5%

15 YEARS10.0%

17 YEARS58.0% 16 YEARS28.5%


Source: Table 31.

In 2011:

z 8.8 percent (48) were white.

z 55.5 percent (304) were Hispanic.

z 28.5 percent (156) were black.

z The other race/ethnic group accounted for 7.3 percent (40) of the dispositions.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2011By Race/Ethnic Group

49


OTHER7.3%

WHITE8.8%

BLACK28.5%

HISPANIC55.5%


Adult Court Dispositions, 2011Gender by Type of Disposition

In 2011:

z Regardless of gender, age, and race/ethnicity juveniles in adult court were convicted in the majority of cases.

z Females were more likely to receive a dismissed (22.2 percent) and certified to juvenile court (2.8 percent) disposition compared to males (13.7 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively).

Source: Table 30.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2011By Type of Disposition

In 2011, of the 548 adult-level court dispositions received:

z 84.1 percent (461) resulted in a conviction.

z 14.2 percent (78) were dismissed.

z 1.1 percent (6) were acquitted.

z 0.4 percent (2) were certified to juvenile court.

z 0.2 percent (1) were diversions dismissed.

Source: Table 30.

50


CONVICTED84.1%

CERTIFIED TO JUVENILE

COURT0.4%

ACQUITTED1.1%

DISMISSED14.2%

DIVERSIONSDISMISSED

0.2%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 84.8% 13.7%

75.0%

PERCENT

CONVICTED

22.2%

0.2%

DISMISSED

0.2%

CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT

DIVERSIONS DISMISSED

1.2%

2.8%

ACQUITTED


Adult Court Dispositions, 2011Age by Type of Disposition

Source: Table 30.

In 2011:

z Juveniles 14 years old were more likely to have a dismissed disposition (21.1 percent) compared to other age groups.

z In general, the younger the juvenile the greater the likelihood for a dismissed disposition. The older the juvenile, the greater likelihood for a convicted disposition.

Source: Table 30.

In 2011:

z A greater percentage of Hispanic juveniles received a convicted disposition (88.2 percent) compared to all other race/ethnic groups.

z Hispanic juveniles were also the least likely to receive a dismissed dispositions (9.9 percent) compared to all other race/ethnic groups.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Disposition

51


0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

21.1%78.9%

80.0%

83.3%

85.5%

14.7%

12.9%0.3%

18.2%

0.3%

1.8%

CONVICTED DISMISSED CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT

DIVERSIONS DISMISSED ACQUITTED

0.9%

0.6%1.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

18.8%79.2%

0.7%88.2%

83.3%

62.5%

9.9%

16.0%

35.0%

0.3%

0.6%

CONVICTED DISMISSED CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT

DIVERSIONS DISMISSED ACQUITTED

2.5%

2.1%


In 2011:

z Males were more likely than females to be sent to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice (65.9 vs. 29.6 percent).

z Females were more likely to be sentenced to probation with jail than were males (66.7 vs. 28.1 percent).

Adult Court Convictions, 2011By Type of Sentence

In 2011, of the 461 convictions received:

z 63.8 percent (294) were sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ).

z 30.4 percent (140) received probation with jail.

z 2.2 percent (10) received probation.

z 1.7 percent (8) received jail.

z 1.5 percent (7) received another sentence.

z 0.4 percent (2) received a fine.

Source: Table 30.

Adult Court Convictions, 2011Gender by Type of Sentence

Source: Table 30.

52

CONVICTIONS

ADULT PRISON/

DJJ63.8%

PROBATIONWITH JAIL30.4%

PROBATION2.2%

JAIL1.7%

OTHER1.5%

FINE0.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 65.9%

3.7%29.6%

PERCENT

2.1%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ

PROBATION PROBATION/ JAIL

JAIL FINE

28.1%

66.7%

1.6%1.8%

0.5%

OTHER


Adult Court Convictions, 2011Age by Type of Sentence

In 2011:

z Regardless of age, juveniles convicted in adult court were most likely to be sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice.

Source: Table 30.

Source: Table 30.

In 2011:

z Regardless of race/ethnic group, juveniles convicted in adult court were most likely sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice.

Adult Court Convictions, 2011Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Sentence

53

CONVICTIONS

0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

86.7%

58.1% 35.7%

79.5% 18.2% 2.3%

67.7% 26.2%2.3%

2.3%

1.1%2.2%2.6%

6.7%

0.8%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ


JAIL FINE OTHER

6.7%

0.8%

0.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

57.9%2.6%

88.0%8.0%

39.5%

63.4% 28.4%2.2%

2.6%

61.2% 37.2% 1.6%

4.0%

2.6%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ


JAIL FINE OTHER

0.7%


54


Data Tables

Tabl

e 1

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

011

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

Leve

l of O

ffens

e an

d La

w E

nfor

cem

ent D

ispo

sitio

n

Leve

l of o

ffens

e an

d la

w

enfo

rcem

ent d

ispo

sitio

nTo

tal

Gen

der

Age

gro

up

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upM

ale

Fem

ale

Und

er 1

212

-14

15-1

7W

hite

His

pani

cBl

ack

Oth

erN

umbe

rTo

tal…

……

……

……

……

……

… F

elon

y……

……

……

……

……

… M

isde

mea

nor…

……

……

……

… S

tatu

s of

fens

es…

……

……

……

Law

enf

orce

men

t dis

posi

tion…

… R

efer

red

to p

roba

tion…

……

… C

ouns

eled

and

rele

ased

……

… T

urne

d ov

er…

……

……

……

…

149,

563

43,4

0384

,333

21,8

2714

9,56

311

8,05

829

,590

1,91

5

107,

653

41,9

1035

,870

7,53

357

,202

27,1

3114

,581

7,24

610

7,65

341

,910

86,1

1831

,940

20,1

759,

415

1,36

055

5

2,03

236

,632

110,

899

613

9,73

733

,053

1,24

722

,450

60,6

3617

24,

445

17,2

102,

032

36,6

3211

0,89

91,

481

28,5

7588

,002

532

7,58

321

,475

1947

41,

422

34,3

4981

,469

24,8

998,

846

8,57

322

,955

9,41

92,

456

21,2

4944

,805

12,9

975,

282

4,52

713

,709

2,48

31,

108

34,3

4981

,469

24,8

998,

846

27,1

3163

,642

20,3

366,

949

6,92

516

,919

3,92

91,

817

293

908

634

80Pe

rcen

tTo

tal…

……

……

……

……

……

… F

elon

y……

……

……

……

……

… M

isde

mea

nor…

……

……

……

… S

tatu

s of

fens

es…

……

……

……

Law

enf

orce

men

t dis

posi

tion…

… R

efer

red

to p

roba

tion…

……

… C

ouns

eled

and

rele

ased

……

… T

urne

d ov

er…

……

……

……

…

100.

029

.056

.414

.610

0.0

78.9

19.8 1.3

100.

010

0.0

33.3

18.0

53.1

64.7

13.5

17.3

100.

010

0.0

80.0

76.2

18.7

22.5

1.3

1.3

100.

010

0.0

100.

030

.226

.629

.861

.461

.354

.78.

512

.115

.510

0.0

100.

010

0.0

72.9

78.0

79.4

26.2

20.7

19.4

0.9

1.3

1.3

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

25.0

28.2

37.8

27.8

61.9

55.0

52.2

59.7

13.2

16.8

10.0

12.5

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

79.0

78.1

81.7

78.6

20.2

20.8

15.8

20.5

0.9

1.1

2.5

0.9

Not

e: P

erce

ntag

es m

ay n

ot a

dd to

100

.0 b

ecau

se o

f rou

ndin

g.

56

Tabl

e 2

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

011

Offe

nse

Leve

l and

Cat

egor

y by

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yTo

tal

Gen

der

Age

gro

up

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upM

ale

Fem

ale

Und

er 1

2 12

-14

15-1

7W

hite

His

pani

cBl

ack

Oth

erN

umbe

rTo

tal…

……

…...

……

……

……

……

Fe

lony

……

……

……

……

……

…

Vi

olen

t offe

nses

……

……

……

Prop

erty

offe

nses

……

……

……

Dru

g of

fens

es…

……

……

……

All o

ther

offe

nses

……

……

……

M

isde

mea

nor…

……

……

……

…

As

saul

t and

bat

tery

……

……

…

Th

eft…

……

……

……

……

……

Dru

g an

d al

coho

l……

……

……

Mal

icio

us m

isch

ief…

……

……

All o

ther

……

……

……

……

……

St

atus

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

149,

563

43,4

0311

,158

16,6

704,

797

10,7

7884

,333

15,5

3619

,657

15,2

2315

,615

18,3

0221

,827

107,

653

41,9

1035

,870

7,53

39,

148

2,01

013

,127

3,54

34,

028

769

9,56

71,

211

57,2

0227

,131

10,4

265,

110

9,44

310

,214

11,3

213,

902

11,6

403,

975

14,3

723,

930

14,5

817,

246

2,03

236

,632

110,

899

613

9,73

733

,053

168

2,58

38,

407

250

3,68

912

,731

971

04,

078

186

2,75

57,

837

1,24

722

,450

60,6

3631

84,

910

10,3

0826

45,

154

14,2

3910

03,

346

11,7

7740

25,

305

9,90

816

33,

735

14,4

0417

24,

445

17,2

10

34,3

4981

,469

24,8

998,

846

8,57

322

,955

9,41

92,

456

1,76

55,

502

3,30

958

23,

529

8,08

94,

079

973

1,36

82,

585

489

355

1,91

16,

779

1,54

254

621

,249

44,8

0512

,997

5,28

23,

572

8,02

23,

142

800

4,85

89,

387

3,59

51,

817

5,47

67,

773

1,10

786

72,

911

9,37

62,

582

746

4,43

210

,247

2,57

11,

052

4,52

713

,709

2,48

31,

108

Perc

ent

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

…

Felo

ny…

……

……

……

……

……

Viol

ent o

ffens

es…

……

……

…

Pr

oper

ty o

ffens

es…

……

……

…

D

rug

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

Al

l oth

er o

ffens

es…

……

……

…

Mis

dem

eano

r……

……

……

……

Assa

ult a

nd b

atte

ry…

……

……

Thef

t……

……

……

……

……

.

D

rug

and

alco

hol…

……

……

…

M

alic

ious

mis

chie

f……

……

…

Al

l oth

er…

……

……

……

……

…

Stat

us o

ffens

es…

……

……

……

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

0

72.0

28.0

82.6

17.4

82.0

18.0

78.7

21.3

84.0

16.0

88.8

11.2

67.8

32.2

67.1

32.9

48.0

52.0

74.4

25.6

74.5

25.5

78.5

21.5

66.8

33.2

1.4

24.5

74.1

1.4

22.4

76.2

1.5

23.1

75.3

1.5

22.1

76.4

0.2

14.8

85.0

1.7

25.6

72.7

1.5

26.6

71.9

2.0

31.6

66.3

1.3

26.2

72.4

0.7

22.0

77.4

2.6

34.0

63.5

0.9

20.4

78.7

0.8

20.4

78.8

23.0

54.5

16.6

5.9

19.8

52.9

21.7

5.7

15.8

49.3

29.7

5.2

21.2

48.5

24.5

5.8

28.5

53.9

10.2

7.4

17.7

62.9

14.3

5.1

25.2

53.1

15.4

6.3

23.0

51.6

20.2

5.1

24.7

47.8

18.3

9.2

36.0

51.1

7.3

5.7

18.6

60.0

16.5

4.8

24.2

56.0

14.0

5.7

20.7

62.8

11.4

5.1

Not

e: P

erce

ntag

es m

ay n

ot a

dd to

100

.0 b

ecau

se o

f rou

ndin

g.

57

Tabl

e 3

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

011

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Eth

nic

Gro

up b

y O

ffens

e Le

vel a

nd C

ateg

ory

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yTo

tal

Gen

der

Age

gro

up

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upM

ale

Fem

ale

Und

er 1

212

-14

15-1

7W

hite

His

pani

cB

lack

Oth

erN

umbe

rTo

tal…

……

……

……

……

……

… F

elon

y……

……

……

……

……

…

Vio

lent

offe

nses

……

……

……

P

rope

rty o

ffens

es…

……

……

D

rug

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

All

othe

r offe

nses

……

……

… M

isde

mea

nor…

……

……

……

…

Ass

ault

and

batte

ry…

……

……

T

heft…

……

……

……

……

……

D

rug

and

alco

hol…

……

……

…

Mal

icio

us m

isch

ief…

……

……

A

ll ot

her …

……

……

……

……

Sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

Tru

ancy

……

……

……

……

……

R

unaw

ay…

……

……

……

……

C

urfe

w…

……

……

……

……

…

Inco

rrig

ible

……

……

……

……

O

ther

sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

149,

563

43,4

0311

,158

16,6

704,

797

10,7

7884

,333

15,5

3619

,657

15,2

2315

,615

18,3

0221

,827

5,42

33,

758

8,44

188

73,

318

107,

653

41,9

1035

,870

7,53

39,

148

2,01

013

,127

3,54

34,

028

769

9,56

71,

211

57,2

0227

,131

10,4

265,

110

9,44

310

,214

11,3

213,

902

11,6

403,

975

14,3

723,

930

14,5

817,

246

3,66

21,

761

1,78

71,

971

6,00

42,

437

439

448

2,68

962

9

2,03

236

,632

110,

899

613

9,73

733

,053

168

2,58

38,

407

250

3,68

912

,731

971

04,

078

186

2,75

57,

837

1,24

722

,450

60,6

3631

84,

910

10,3

0826

45,

154

14,2

3910

03,

346

11,7

7740

25,

305

9,90

816

33,

735

14,4

0417

24,

445

17,2

1040

1,22

14,

162

641,

064

2,63

036

1,44

46,

961

2226

959

610

447

2,86

1

34,3

4981

,469

24,8

998,

846

8,57

322

,955

9,41

92,

456

1,76

55,

502

3,30

958

23,

529

8,08

94,

079

973

1,36

82,

585

489

355

1,91

16,

779

1,54

254

621

,249

44,8

0512

,997

5,28

23,

572

8,02

23,

142

800

4,85

89,

387

3,59

51,

817

5,47

67,

773

1,10

786

72,

911

9,37

62,

published annually by the california department of justice ... · in california. since 1947, the...

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