Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board

69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000.

[All rights reserved by the publisher]Is permitted to print and sell 500 (Five hundred)

Copies of the book for the year 2009 Only.Circular No.317 Date: 15/12/08 Allotment Letter No. 717/08/09 Date : 23/02/09

Rahmania Offest Press, Banglabazer, Dhaka- 1100First Print (Bangla version) : September 2005First Print (English Version) : February 2007

2nd Print (English version) : March 2008Reprint (English Version) : April 2009

Computer GraphicLaser Scan Limited

15/2, Topkhana Road, BMA Bhaban.

Cover & Illustrations:Biren Shom

Picture Coloured byAhmed Ullah

Printing Supervision Ferial Azad

DesignNational Curriculum and Textbook Board

Website version developed by Mars Solutions Limited

Preface

For improving the existing quality of Primary Education in Bangladesh, National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) in collaboration with PEDP-2 initiated an extensive program for development of curriculum and teaching learning materials in 2002. In the light of this program the curriculum, textbooks and other teaching learning materials of Primary levels have been prepared, revised and evaluated.

The textbook entitled, 'Introduction to Environment: Social Studies' has been prepared on the basis of attainable competencies for the students of Class Five. The subject matter of the textbook is derived from the basic elements of the environment familiar to the children. This will facilitate our young learners to know how they can make best use of the environment and also preserve it properly.

The contents of the book are analyzed and explained in such a manner with practical examples, illustrations and system of planned activities, that students are inspired to study the subject with a keen interest.

This book is originally published in Bangla. From this year NCTB is publishing the English version of the textbook. English is the language of choice in today's globalized world. To facilitate the verbal and written communication skills of our future citizens and suitably prepare them for international competition, we decided to translate the original Bangla textbooks into English. It's pleasant to note that the number of English medium schools in Bangladesh is increasing very fast. In this context NCTB decided to publish all the textbooks of Primary level in English. This was a big endeavour for us. Despite our all efforts the first edition may not be totally error free. However, in the future editions we shall try to remove all errors and discrepancies.

Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who have made their valuable contributions in writing, editing, evaluating and translating this book. I sincerely hope that the book will be useful to those for whom it has been prepared.

Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin

ChairmanNational Curriculum and Textbook Board

Dhaka

CONTENTS

CHAPTER SUBJECT PAGEChapter One Development Activities of the Locality 1 - 12

Chapter Two Social and National Resources 13-20

Chapter Three Social Virtues and Values 21 -27

Chapter Four Dignity of Labour 28 -36

Chapter Five Human Rights 37 - 44

Chapter Six Tolerance of Other's Opinion 45 - 51

Chapter Seven Rights and Duties of a Citizen 52 - 60

Chapter Eight Geographical Environment of Bangladesh 61 -76

Chapter Nine Preservation of Environment 77 -86

Chapter Ten Population of Bangladesh 87-99

Chapter Eleven Historic Places and Relics in Bangladesh 100-09

Chapter Twelve Our History and Tradition 110-127

Chapter Thirteen British Rule in Bengal 128-144

Chapter Fourteen Respectable Personalities in Social Service 145-152

Chapter Fifteen Nine Month of Our Liberation War 153-170 Chapter Sixteen Different Group of Ethnic and Indigenous People of Bagladesh 171-183

Chapter Seventeen Culture of Europe and Africa 184-193

Chapter Eighteen World Peace and The United Nations Organization 194-204

Forma 01, E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

Forma 02, E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

Forma 04, E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

Forma 05, E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

Forma 06, E nvironment: S ocial S tudies Class -5

leather products, cotton and silk cloth, wooden furniture, earthen utensils, plastic utensils and furniture, glass utensils and fancy products, pharmaceuticals etc.

In our country many people earn their livelihood by working in mills and factories. Presently many people both male and female work in garments industries. They are contributing to the economic development of the country. Garments industry is the main foreign exchange earning industry.

Let us write in our notebooks the names of industrial products of Bangladesh:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Exports and Imports of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is mainly an import-oriented country. Materials which are not produced or are scarce in a country and are brought from abroad are called imported goods. Imports are done through trading in foreign currency. Bangladesh mainly imports food crops, raw materials for different industries, chemicals, electronics, electrical equipments, other equipments, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, cloth etc. from foreign countries.

73Introduction to Environment: Social Studies

She exports very limited items to foreign countries. The main export items are ready-made garments and shrimp. Next important items are tea, leather and leather products, jute products, fancy items of cottage industries etc. Besides these, presently Bangladesh is also exporting some pharmaceutical products. If any product is produced more than the demand and if it has demand in foreign countries, it is then sent there through trading. This sort of articles are called exportable products.

Le us prepare a list of exported and imported goods of Bangladesh and write in our notebooks:

Imported goods Exported goods1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.4. 4.5. 5.6. 6.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/words:

a. The map is one type of _____________.

b. We can easily draw a map with the help of _________.

c. The map would be more perfect if the squares of the table are _________.

d. Once upon a time there were stores of many_______ of rice in Bangladesh.

e. The staple food of the people of Bangladesh is _________.

74 Geographical environment of Bangladesh

ready-made garments and shrimpmangrove forestscalericeleather productsthere is a mine of hard rocks

2. Write 'cor.' on the left side of the correct and 'inc.' on the left side of the incorrect statements below:

___a. Cotton is the main cash crop of Bangladesh.

___b. Many rice species of our country have been lost.

___c. Every year Bangladesh is to buy food crops from foreign countries.

___d. Raw materials of garments industries are available in the country.

___e. Bangladesh is an export-oriented country.

3. Match the words on the right with the words on the left:a. We measure the distance in a map

with the help of a

b. The staple food crop of our country is

c. The main exported goods of our

country are

d. The Sundarbans is a

e. In Madhyapara of Dinajpur

4. Put tick ( ) marks on the left side of the correct answer:

4.1 How many major types of rice grow in Bangladesh?

a. 7 b. 5

c. 3 d. 6

4.2 How many major fish areas are there in Bangladesh?

a. 4 b. 5

c. 6 d. 8

75Introduction to Environment: Social Studies

4.3 Which is the principal foreign exchange earning industry of the country?

a. tea industry b. cottage industry

c. garments industry d. jute industry

4.4 How many types of forest are there in Bangladesh?

a. 6 b. 7

c. 3 d. 5

4.5 Which one is a sea fish?

a. Rupchanda b. Rui

c. Pangash d. Boal

5. Answer in short:

a. How would you make squares to draw a map?

b. Write the names of natural resources of Bangladesh.

c. What is called a cash crop?

d. Write the names of fish areas of Bangladesh.

e. Write the names of forests of Bangladesh.

f. Make a table showing the main mineral resources of Bangladesh.

g. What do you understand by import?

76 Geographical environment of Bangladesh

Chapter Nine

Preservation of EnvironmentWe have already known that our environment comprises whatever we have around us. Environment contains trees and plants, houses, birds and animals, roads and highways, rivers and canals, hills and mountains and many other things. These elements are essential for man and other animals to survive. Ecological balance is destroyed if damage is done to these elements.

Environment pollution is a serious problem of modern world. Environment is polluted in many ways. But mainly man pollutes it.

Sketch 19: Polluted environment

are always polluting it in various ways. As a result different environmental problems have arisen in many countries of the world. Such as, temperature is increasing all over the world including Bangladesh. Desertification has started in some regions of the country. Sometimes we have to face excessive or untimely floods. We also face shortage of pure drinking water. So environment pollution is a national problem. Environment is being polluted not only in Bangladesh but also in many other countries of the world. Thus it is also an international problem. Environment pollution is a big obstacle for sound and decent living of men and animals.

Some Main Environmental Problems in Bangladesh

We are born in a certain environment. We depend on various elements of environment for our survival. But many problems have appeared in our country as the effect of environment pollution. Let us learn about some problems arising out of environment pollution in our country from the table below.

Social environmental problems Natural environmental problems___dense population ___water pollution

___slum problem ___ sound pollution

___nasty roads and highways ___air pollution

___traffic jam ___soil pollution

___overloading of vehicles ___increase of temperature

___social degradation ___flood

___health problem ___water stagnation

___shortage of pure drinking ___increase of the salinity of

water soil

___desertification

___decrease of natural resources

78 Preservation of environment

Causes of Environment Pollution

Environment is polluted in various ways. But the main cause is the rapid growth of population. To grow more crops to afford food for too many people, we have to use insecticides and artificial fertilizer in the land. We cut down trees and hunt birds indiscriminately. We fill up ponds, canals, marshes, rivers etc. and build houses and shops. We cut hills down to plain lands, blow motor horn here and there and play mikes loudly. We emit black smoke from motor vehicles and pollute air. We throw refuse from mills and factories into rivers and open spaces. In this way different elements of environment such as soil, water, air etc. are polluted.

Besides these, we are going on polluting environment in many other ways, such as by burning trees in brick-fields, by throwing garbage here and there. The Government has enacted different laws from time to time to protect environment. But we do not obey these laws and pollute environment. Lack of knowledge and consciousness about environment is also one of the causes of its pollution.

We have known about the causes of environment pollution. Now let us write on the board or in the notebooks the causes of environment pollution in the way as is sketched below.

79Introduction to Environment: Social Studies

Effects of Environment Pollution

In our country problems arising from environment pollution are increasing day by day. Polluted environment is hamrmful for all creatures. We suffer from various diseases for living in unhygienic environment. Now-a-days various diseases including lung disease have increased in our country. Its main cause is air and water pollution. Soil pollution destroys food value. Food of this kind is harmful for our health. Our living conditions also are becoming unhygienic for environmnt pollution. Various animals are disappearing from the country. Amount of national resources is decreasing day by day. Fish is being scarce. Forests are being exhausted. Disorder of various kinds is appearing in social environment. We can easily learn about this from newspapers, magazines, radio, television and documentary films.

Mind MapBy throwinggarbage

Causes of environment

pollution

80 Preservation of environment

Chapter Ten

Population of Bangladesh

In our country population is much larger compared to the area. No other country in the world has such a huge population in a small area. Ours is the world's most densely populated country. We can understand Vit easily if we look at the following table.Table: population of different countriesCountry Population Density of population Rate of (in crore) population (per square growth kilometre)

Bangladesh 16.66 881 1.54

India 101.51 349 1.4

Pakistan 13.80 209 2.0

Srilanka 1.94 322 0.8

Nepal 2.30 161 2.2

United 5.97 248 0.3

Kingdom

United States 28.26 31 0.9

of America

Source: 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2007

2. Amer ican Census Bureau, 2005 3. World Population cancus, 2001,2008(est) 4. Population Cencus 2001. Bangladesh Bureau of Statiedns.

The position of Bangladesh is the 9th in respect of population. However, the population of Bangladesh was not so high in the past.

In the year 1961 her population was only 5 crore and 52 lac. In 2001 it increased to 13 crore and 30 thousend. So during the last forty years the population increased more than two times. But her area remains the same. Presently in Bangladesh the rate of population growth is 1.54 which is higher than that of many other countries of the world. The density of population per square kilometre is also higher. This growth rate is not good for the country. We can easily understand the influence of rapid growth of population if we stop to think for a while. Let us now fill in a similar table below in our notebooks about the population of Bangladesh.

1. Population of Bangladesh in 1961 was

2. According to the census of 2001, population of this country was

3. Population per square kilometre in Bangladesh is

4. Population growth rate is

Population Growth and Standard of Living

Standard of living in a country is understandable from the life style of its people. Standard of living in our country is low compared to that in other nations of the world. One of the main reasons for that is the rapid growth of population. The total production of this country is divided among this huge population. As a result majority of the people do not get the necessary opportunities for the maintenance of living. There is a close relationship between the standard of living and the basic needs (food, cloth, shelter, education and health). Standard of living increases after fulfilling the basic needs of life. If it is not fulfilled, quality of life decreases. Again, standard of living is linked with population growth. Now we will know about the influence of rapid growth in accordance with various of population components of standard living.

88