[puboff] [sept 30 compilation].doc

8/11/2019 [Puboff] [Sept 30 Compilation].doc

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Law 156 - ELECTORAL PROCESS AND PUBLIC OFFICE | B2015CASE DIGESTS

Re: Gross Violation ofCivil Service Law on the

Prohibition Against DualEmploment an! DoubleCompensation in theGovernment Service

Committe! b "r# E!uar!oV# Escala$ SC Chief %u!icial

Sta& '(cer$ SecuritDivision$ '(ce ofA!ministrative Services#

Per CuriamJuly 5, 2011

Luisa

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C#%!a!#$ '# l a% *%law"*l !'ai%$ cas i% cas #"

$sis'a%c '# #4. '( #$!$ #$ '# !#lis( '( 4*il!i%&

*si%& l&al a%s

c *%icipali'. #" Na&ca$la% La&*%a was plac! i% s'#ppl

a"'$ i' &$a%'! .a$l. 4*si%ss p$i's '# =isi'aci#%

,SS)E 4 HON '( !a'( #" '( acc*s! als# 'i%&*is(!

'(i$ c$ii%al lia4ili'is-ES 4*' ci/il lia4ili'. $ai%s

1 T( ci/il lia4ili'. #" a.#$ C#%!a!#$ s*$/i/! (is

!a'( A%&ls lia4ili'. w#*l! (a/ s*$/i/! i" '(

$s#l*'i#% #" '( Sa%!i&a%4a.a% '(a' (is !a'( 'i%&*is(!'( ci/il lia4ili'. was *s'i#%! a%! %#' all#w! '# laps

i%'# %ali'.

2 T( ci/il ac'i#% 4as! '($i% is a% i%!p%!%' #%'(*s will s'a%! !spi' '( !a'( #" '( acc*s! !*$i%& '(p%!%c. #" '( cas T( ci/il lia4ili'. a$iss #*' #" lawp$#/isi#%s #% 3*a% Rla'i#%s %#' #*' #" !lic'

A$' 26 s'a's

A%. p*4lic #,c$ #$ pl#. #$ a%. p$i/a'

i%!i/i!*al w(# !i$c'l. #$ i%!i$c'l. #4s'$*c's !"a's/i#la's #$ i% a%. a%%$ ip!s #$ ipai$s a%. #" '(

"#ll#wi%& $i&('s a%! li4$'is #" a%#'($ p$s#% s(all 4

lia4l '# '( la''$ "#$ !aa&s

6 T( $i&(' a&ai%s' !p$i/a'i#% #" p$#p$'. wi'(#*'!* p$#css #" lawK T( acc*s! p*4lic #,cials s(#*l! (a/ acc#$!! '(sp#*ss '( !* p$#css #" law &*a$a%'! 4. '(C#%s'i'*'i#% a%! Nw Ci/il C#! T( Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a%Rs#l*'i#%s !#s %#' *s'i". !#li'i#% #" '( s'#$ wi'(#*'c#*$' #$!$

E/% i" '($ is al$a!. a w$i' #" c*'i#% '($ *s's'ill 4 a %! "#$ a spcial #$!$ "#$ '( p*$p#s #"!#li'i#% iss*! 4. '( c#*$' 4"#$ '( #,c$ i% c(a$&ca% !s'$#. !#lis( #$ $#/ ip$#/%'s #/$ '(c#%'s'! p$#p$'. B"#$ '( $#/al #" a% ip$#/%'*s' 'a> plac '($ *s' 4 a spcial #$!$ (a$i%& a%!$as#%a4l %#'ic '# $#/

Sc'i#% 10! R*l 9 #" '( R*ls #" C#*$' p$#/i!s

11@21


12/21


! R#/al #" ip$#/%'s #% p$#p$'. s*4c' #"

c*'i#% H(% '( p$#p$'. s*4c' #" c*'i#%

c#%'ai%s ip$#/%'s c#%s'$*c'! #$ pla%'! 4.

'( *!&%' #4li$ #$ (is a&%' '( #,c$ s(all

%#' !s'$#. !#lis( #$ $#/ sai! ip$#/%'s

cp' *p#% spcial #$!$ #" '( c#*$' iss*! *p#%

#'i#% #" '( *!&%' #4li& a"'$ !* (a$i%&

a%! a"'$ '( "#$$ (as "ail! '# $#/ '( sa

wi'(i% a $as#%a4l 'i ! 4. '( c#*$'

,SS)E 5 HON '( awa$! "#$ ac'*al !aa&s s(#*l! 4

a,$!-NO

- T# s> $c#/$. #" ac'*al !aa&s i' is %cssa$. '#

p$#/ '( ac'*al a#*%' #" l#ss wi'( a $as#%a4l !&$ #"c$'ai%'. p$is! *p#% c#p'%' p$##" a%! #% '( 4s'

/i!%c #4'ai%a4l I% '(is cas '( C#*$' %!s '(a' '(

#%l. /i!%c p$s%'! '# p$#/ '( ac'*al !aa&s

i%c*$$! was '( i'i?! lis' #" !aa&! a%! l#s' i's56

p$pa$! 4. a% %&i%$ c#issi#%! 4. '( Sp#*ss

B#4asi '# s'ia' '( c#s's I%s'a! '( C#*$' awa$!!

'p$a' !aa&s

D,SP'S,+,VE: Appal is !%i! Pa*li%# S Asil# )$ a%!

D'$i# T C#%!a!#$ a$ &*il'. #" /i#la'i%& Sc'i#%

#" RA019 I% /iw #" '( !a'( #" D'$i# T C#%!a!#$

p%!i%& '$ial (is c$ii%al lia4ili'. is 'i%&*is(!K 4*' (is

ci/il lia4ili'. s*$/i/s T( *%icipali'. #" Na&ca$la% Pa*li%#

Asil# a%! D'$i# T C#%!a!#$ as s*4s'i'*'! 4.

=ic'#$ia B*'a =!a D C#%!a!#$ a$ ($4. !cla$!

s#li!a$il. lia4l '# '( Sp#*ss B#4asi "#$ 'p$a'

!aa&s a%! #$al !aa&s

%AVELLA-A vs# D,LGu(ust 10, 1772>riEo-)uino, J.

#rom Loc>o Bi(est !y s&ald P. :m!at Dica/

S)""AR*: A% a!i%is'$a'i/ cas was l! a&ai%s'

)a/lla%a Ba Ci'. Sa%&&*%ia% 4$ "#$ $p$s%'i%&

)a/i$# a%! Ca'apa%& i% a% ill&al !isissal cas a&ai%s'

Ci'. E%&i%$ Di/i%a&$acia 4as! #% ci$c*la$s #" '( DLG

$*i$i%& p$i#$ a*'(#$i?a'i#% "#$ p$i/a' pl#.%' #$

p$ac'ic #" p$#"ssi#% a%! p$#(i4i'i%& p$ac'ic #" law

a!/$s '# '( i%'$s' #" '( LGU )a/lla%a #/! '#

!isiss #% '( &$#*%!s '(a' '( ci$c*la$s a$

*%c#%s'i'*'i#%al "#$ 1 ipai$i%& '( a*'(#$i'. #" '(

S*p$ C#*$' '# $&*la' '( p$ac'ic #" law a%! 2

4i%& a% i%/ali! class l&isla'i#% a&ai%s' #,cials w(# a$

law.$s a%! !#c'#$s T( DLG !isiss! T( S*p$

C#*$' a,$! '( !isissal $*li%& '(a' '( ci$c*la$s al#%&

wi'( Sc'i#% 90 LGC 1 /ali!l. $&*la' '( p$ac'ic #"

p$#"ssi#% all#w! 4. law '# a/#i! c#%Jic' #" i%'$s' a%!

2 p$#/i!s pa$'ic*la$ lii'a'i#%s '# '( p$ac'ic #" law

si%c i' is li>l. '# a+c' p*4lic s$/ic

D'C+R,-E:Sc'i#% 90 LGC P$ac'ic #" P$#"ssi#% a

All /$%#$s ci'. a%! *%icipal a.#$s a$ p$#(i4i'!"$# p$ac'ici%& '(i$ p$#"ssi#% #$ %&a&i%& i% a%.

#cc*pa'i#% #'($ '(a% '( $cis #" '(i$ "*%c'i#%s as

l#cal c(i" c*'i/s

4 Sa%&&*%ia% 4$s a. p$ac'ic '(i$ p$#"ssi#%s

%&a& i% a%. #cc*pa'i#% #$ 'ac( i% sc(##ls cp'

!*$i%& sssi#% (#*$s P$#/i!! T(a' sa%&&*%ia% 4$s

w(# a$ 4$s #" '( Ba$ s(all %#'

1 Appa$ as c#*%sl 4"#$ a%. c#*$' i% a%. ci/il cas

12@21


13/21


w($i% a l#cal /$%%' *%i' #$ a%. #,c a&%c. #$

i%s'$*%'ali'. #" '( /$%%' is '( a!/$s pa$'.K

2 Appa$ as c#*%sl i% a%. c$ii%al cas w($i% a%

#,c$ #$ pl#. #" '( %a'i#%al #$ l#cal /$%%' is

acc*s! #" a% #+%s c#i''! i% $la'i#% '# (is #,cK

C#llc' a%. " "#$ '(i$ appa$a%c i% a!i%is'$a'i/

p$#c!i%&s i%/#l/i%& '( l#cal /$%%' *%i' #" w(ic(

( is a% #,cialK a%!

Us p$#p$'. a%! p$s#%%l #" '( G#/$%%' cp'

w(% '( sa%&&*%ia% 4$ c#%c$%! is !"%!i%& '(

i%'$s' #" '( G#/$%%'

c D#c'#$s #" !ici% a. p$ac'ic '(i$ p$#"ssi#% /%

!*$i%& #,cial (#*$s #" w#$> #%l. #% #ccasi#%s #"

$&%c. P$#/i!! T(a' '( #,cials c#%c$%! !# %#'

!$i/ #%'a$. c#p%sa'i#% '($"$#

T( p$#/isi#% !#s %#' c#%Jic' wi'( '( a*'(#$i'. #" '(S*p$ C#*$' '# $&*la' '( p$ac'ic #" lawQ

.AC+S:

O% Oc'#4$ 5 19:9 Ci'. E%&i%$ E$%s'# Di/i%a&$acia l!

a% a!i%is'$a'i/ cas 4"#$ '( Dpa$'%' #" L#cal

G#/$%%' DLG a&ai%s' A''. E$wi% )a/lla%a ci'.

c#*%cil#$ Ba Ci'. N&$#s Occi!%'al all&i%& '(a'

)a/lla%a w(il a% i%c*4%' c#*%cil#$ (as c#%'i%*#*sl.

%&a&! i% '( p$ac'ic #" law wi'(#*' sc*$i%& a*'(#$i'."$# '( R&i#%al Di$c'#$ DLG '($4. /i#la'i%& 4. DLG

# Ci$cs :0-: a%! 7-5: a%! Sc'i#% 742 RA 761

C#! #" C#%!*c' a%! E'(ical S'a%!a$!s "#$ P*4lic O,cials

a%! Epl#.s Spcicall. )a/lla%a was c#*%sl "#$

A%'#%i# )a/i$# a%! R#la%!# Ca'apa%& w(# l! a cas

a&ai%s' Di/i%a&$acia "#$ ill&al !isissal p*''i%& (i i%

p*4lic $i!ic*l )a/lla%a als# appa$! i% #'($ ci/il a%!

c$ii%al cass i% '( ci'. wi'(#*' a*'(#$i?a'i#%

DLG # Ci$c :0-: p$#/i!s '(a' si%c Sa%&&*%ia%

4$s p$#/i%cial ci'. #$ *%icipal a$ %#' $*i$! '#

$p#$' !ail. as #'($ pl#.s '(. a. ;4 all#w! '#

p$ac'ic '(i$ p$#"ssi#%s p$#/i!! '(a' i% s# !#i%& a%

a*'(#$i'. $s' 4 sc*$! "$# '( R&i#%al Di$c'#$s

p*$s*a%' '# # Ci$c 7-5:< T( p$ac'ic s(#*l! als# 4

"a/#$a4l. $c#%!! 4. '( Sa%&&*%ia% c#%c$%! a%!

'( /$%#$ #$ a.#$

P%!i%& $s#l*'i#% #" '( cas )a/lla%a $*s'! '( DLG

"#$ a p$i' '# c#%'i%* (is p$ac'ic #" law Sc$'a$. L*is

Sa%'#s $pli! '(a' '( DLG (as %# #4c'i#% '($'#

p$#/i!! '(a' i' will %#' c#%Jic' wi'( (is #,cial "*%c'i#%s

T(% #% Sp'4$ 21 1991 Sc$'a$. Sa%'#s iss*!

# Ci$c 90-:1 als# s''i%& "#$'( &*i!li%s "#$ p$ac'ic

#" p$#"ssi#% #" l#cal lc'i/ #,cials w(ic( i%'$ alia

p$#/i!s '(a' #,cials w(#s !*'is $*i$ '(i$ %'i$ 'i

a$ a4s#l*'l. p$#(i4i'! "$# %&a&i%& i% p$i/a'

pl#.%' #$ p$ac'ic #" p$#"ssi#% a%! i" #'($wis

all#w! a*'(#$i'. s(#*l! 4 &$a%'! 4. '( Sc$'a$. #"

L#cal G#/$%%' Als# '( pl#.%' #$ p$ac'ic s(#*l!

%#' ipai$ '( ,ci%c. #" '( #,cial s(#*l! %#' i%/#l/

/$%%' "*%!s #$ p$#p$'. a%! s(#*l! &i/ $is '# a

c#%Jic' #" i%'$s' 4'w% '( #,c a%! '( pl#.%'

#$ p$ac'ic

)a/lla%a l! a #'i#% '# !isiss #% '( &$#*%! '(a' DLG

# Ci$cs :0-: a%! 90-:1 a$ *%c#%s'i'*'i#%al 4ca*s

'( S*p$ C#*$' (as '( s#l a%! cl*si/ a*'(#$i'. '#

$&*la' '( p$ac'ic #" law T(is as wll as (is R w$

!%i!

T(% '( LGC was si&%! i%'# law Sc'i#% 90 p$#/i!s

a#%& #'($s '(a' w(il Sa%&&*%ia% 4$s a.

p$ac'ic '(i$ p$#"ssi#%s cp' !*$i%& sssi#% (#*$s

1@21


14/21


4$s #" '( 4a$ s(all %#' 1 appa$ as c#*%sl w($

'( LGU #$ a%. /$%%' a&%c. is '( a!/$s pa$'.

a%! 2 c#llc' a%. appa$a%c " i% a!i%is'$a'i/

p$#c!i%&s i%/#l/i%& '( LGU

H(% '( a!i%is'$a'i/ cas was s' a&ai% "#$ (a$i%&)a/lla%a l! a p'i'i#% "#$ c$'i#$a$i 4"#$ '( S*p$

C#*$' '# %*lli". '( ci$c*la$s a%! Sc'i#% 90 LGC #% '(

&$#*%!s '(a' 1 '(. ipai$ '( p#w$ #" '( S*p$

C#*$' '# $&*la' '( p$ac'ic #" law a%! 2 '(. c#%s'i'*'

class l&isla'i#% 4i%& !isc$ii%a'#$. a&ai%s' Sa%&&*%ia%

4$s w(# a$ law.$s a%! !#c'#$s 4*' %#' a&ai%s'

#'($ p$#"ssi#%s

,SS)E2R)L,-G:

S(#*l! '( ci$c*la$s a%! Sc'i#% 90 4 %*lli! N# T(.

/ali!l. $&*la' '( p$ac'ic #" p$#"ssi#% #" p*4lic #,cials

RA+,':

As a a''$ #" p#lic. &$a' $spc' is acc#$!! '# '(

!cisi#%s #" a!i%is'$a'i/ a*'(#$i'is "#$ '(i$ p$'is

a%! 4. /i$'* #" '( !#c'$i% #" spa$a'i#% #" p#w$s I% '(is

cas '($ is %# &$a/ a4*s #" !isc$'i#% i% '( !%.i%&

'( #'i#% '# !isiss '( a!i%is'$a'i/ cas

1 T( c#plai%' "#$ ill&al !isissal w($ )a/lla%a is '(

c#*%sl is i% +c' a c#plai%' a&ai%s' Ba Ci'. '( $al

pl#.$ a%! w($ )a/lla%a is a Sa%&&*%ia% 4$T(*s *!&%' a&ai%s' Di/i%a&$acia is a *!&%' a&ai%s'

Ba Ci'. I' cla$l. /i#la's '( ci$c*la$s p$#(i4i'i%&

p$ac'ic a!/$s '# '( i%'$s' #" '( /$%%'

2 T( a$&*%' '(a' '( ci$c*la$s a%! Sc'i#% 90 LGC

'$%c(s *p#% '( a*'(#$i'. #" '( S*p$ C#*$' *%!$

Sc'i#% 5 A$'icl =III C#%s'i'*'i#% '# p$sc$i4 $*ls #% '(

p$ac'ic #" law is c#pl'l. #+ 'a%&%' T(. sipl.

p$sc$i4 $*ls '# a/#i! c#%Jic' #" i%'$s'

Sc'i#% 90 !#s %#' !isc$ii%a' a&ai%s' law.$s a%!

!#c'#$s I' applis '# all #,cials %&a&! i% a%. #cc*pa'i#%

I" '($ a$ p$#(i4i'i#%s w(ic( pa$'ic*la$l. appl. '# law.$s

i' is 4ca*s '(i$ p$#"ssi#%s is #$ li>l. '# a+c' p*4lic

s$/ic

D,SP'S,+,VE: Ci$c*la$s a%! Sc'i#% 90 /ali!

+u6on v# CA21 u(ust 1772

Justice CruLindain

S)""AR*: T( *%icipal T$as*$$ a%! '( a.#$ #"Caala%i*&a% Ca&a.a% a$ *s'i#%i%& '( !cisi#% #" '( CA

(#l!i%& '( lia4l i% !aa&s '# )*$a!# "#$ $"*si%& '# iss* (ia a.#$s p$i' a%! lic%s '# #p$a' (is pala.-'($s(i%&4*si%ss T# (lp %a%c '( c#pl'i#% #" '( c#%s'$*c'i#% #" '(

1@21


15/21


sp#$'s a%! %*'$i'i#% c%'$ 4*il!i%& '( Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a%a!#p'! Rs#l*'i#% N# 9 Sai! Rs#l*'i#% s#lici's a !#%a'i#%*i/al%' '# 1 #" all '( pala. '($s(! "$# '( '($s($#p$a'#$s )*$a!# l! a% applica'i#% "#$ (is pala. '($s(i%&4*si%ss 4. pa.i%& '( lic%s " '# '( *%icipal '$as*$$s#,c T( sai! #,c $*i$! )*$a!# '# sc*$ '( a.#$s p$i'

$s' F#$ "aili%& '# c#pl. wi'( Rs#l*'i#% N# 9 a a.#$s p$i'was %#' iss*! )*$a!# l! a p'i'i#% "#$ a%!a*s '# c#pl '(iss*a%c #" '( a.#$s p$i' La'$ #% ( l! a p'i'i#% "#$!cla$a'#$. $li" '# !'$i% '( /ali!i'. #" '( sai! Rs#l*'i#%

T( '$ial c#*$' a%! CA *p(l! '( /ali!i'. #" '( Rs#l*'i#%3#w/$ i% '( CA '( *%icipal '$as*$$ a%! '( a.#$ w$(l! lia4l '# )*$a!# "#$ ac'i%& wi'( 4a! "ai'( a%! alic i% $"*si%&'# iss* '( a.#$s p$i' T( SC (l! '(a' '( sai! p*4lic#,c$s w$ NOT lia4l T( SC sai! '(a' '( p*4lic #,c$s ac'!wi'(i% '( sc#p #" '(i$ a*'(#$i'. a%! i% c#%s#%a%c wi'( '(i$(#%s' i%'$p$'a'i#% #" '( Rs#l*'i#% i% *s'i#% As c*'i/#,cials #" '( *%icipali'. '(. (a! '( !*'. '# %"#$c i' as l#%&as i' (a! %#' 4% $pal! 4. '( Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a% #$ a%%*ll!

4. '( c#*$'s

D'C+R,-E: As a $*l a p*4lic #,c$ w('($ *!icial *asi-*!icial #$ c*'i/ is %#' p$s#%all. lia4l '# #% i%*$! i%

c#%s*%c #" a% ac' p$"#$! wi'(i% '( sc#p #" (is #,ciala*'(#$i'. a%! i% l i% #" (is #,cial !*'. A% $$#%#*s i%'$p$'a'i#%#" a% #$!i%a%c !#s %#' c#%s'i'*' %#$ !#s i' a#*%' '# 4a!"ai'( '(a' w#*l! %'i'l a% a&&$i/! pa$'. '# a% awa$! "#$!aa&s Phil. Datch Co. . City of Ce!u

.AC+S:

T# (lp %a%c '( c#%'i%*a'i#% #" '( c#%s'$*c'i#% #" '(Sp#$'s a%! N*'$i'i#% C%'$ B*il!i%& '( Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a% #"Caala%i*&a% Ca&a.a% a!#p'! a $s#l*'i#% Rs#l*'i#% N# 9Sai! $s#l*'i#% s>s '# s#lici' 1 !#%a'i#% *i/al%' '# 1 #" all'( pala. '($s(! "$# '( '($s($ #p$a'#$s w(# will appl. "#$a p$i' '# '($s(

T# ipl%' '( sai! Rs#l*'i#% L#p apa&* '(*%icipal '$as*$$ p$pa$! a !#c*%'2 "#$ si&%a'*$ #" all'($s($@ #w%$ #p$a'#$s appl.i%& "#$ a.#$s p$i'

T( p$i/a' $sp#%!%' i% '(is cas Sa'*$%i%# )*$a!# a

'($s($ #p$a'#$ pai! '# '( '$as*$$s #,c '( lic%s " #" P2:5 "#$ '($s($ #p$a'#$s T( *%icipal '$as*$$ $"*s! '#accp' '( pa.%' a%! $*i$! (i '# $s' sc*$ a a.#$sp$i' B"#$ a a.#$s p$i' ca% 4 iss*! )*$a!# wasi%"#$! '(a' ( *s' $s' c#pl. wi'( '( Rs#l*'i#% a%! si&% '(a&$%' F#$ $"*si%& '( si&% '( a&$%' %# a.#$sp$i' was iss*!

)*$a!# l! a a%!a*s p'i'i#% wi'( ac'*al a%! #$al!aa&s '# c#pl '( iss*a%c #" '( a.#$s p$i' a%!lic%s S*4s*%'l. ( l! a p'i'i#% "#$ !cla$a'#$. *!&%'

2AGREEENT

T(a' I VVVVVVVVVVVVV '($s($-#w%$-#p$a'#$ ($4. /#l*%'a$il. a&$ '#!#%a' '# '( *%icipali'. #" Caala%i*&a% Ca&a.a% #% p$c%' 1 #"

all pala. '($s(! 4. wi'(i% '( *$is!ic'i#% #" Caala%i*&a% Ca&a.a%

'# (lp %a%c '( c#pl'i#% #" '( c#%s'$*c'i#% #" '( sp#$'s a%!

%*'$i'i#% c%'$ 4*il!i%& #" Caala%i*&a% p$ Rs#l*'i#% N# 9 !a'! a$c(

1 1977 #" '( Sa%&&*%ia% Ba.a%K

T(a' I als# a&$ '# $p#$' w>l. '( '#'al %*4$ #" pala. '($s(! 4.

'# '( *%icipal '$as*$$ a%! '*$% #/$ '( c#$$sp#%!i%& 1 s(a$ #" '(

*%icipali'. "#$ '( sai! p$#c' %'i#%! a4#/

Si&%! '(is !a. #" VVVVVVVVVV 1977

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16/21


a&ai%s' '( Rs#l*'i#% a%! '( ipl%'i%& a&$%' "#$ 4i%&ill&al i'($ as a !#%a'i#% #$ as a 'a as*$ T( !"%!a%'sw$ '( *%icipal '$as*$$ '( a.#$ a%! '( 4$s #" '(Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a%

T$ial c#*$' Rs#l*'i#% was /ali! N# !aa&sC#*$' #" Appals Rs#l*'i#% was /ali! T( *%icipal

'$as*$$ a%! a.#$ ac'! alici#*sl. a%! i% 4a! "ai'( w(% '(.!%i! )*$a!#s applica'i#% T(s p*4lic #,c$s w$ lia4l "#$ P20 000 as ac'*al !aa&s P 5 000 as #$al !aa&s a%! P 000as a''#$%.s "s

,SS)E:1 A$ '( *%icipal '$as*$$ a%! '( a.#$ &*il'. #" 4a! "ai'(a%! alic w(% '(. !%i! )*$a!#s applica'i#% "#$ '( a.#$sp$i' a%! lic%s NO

2 Is '( Rs#l*'i#% /ali! N#' $ais! i% '( p'i'i#% 4"#$ '(S*p$ C#*$' B*' SC s'ill !isc*ss! '(isW

RA+,':

Issue 1

)*$a!# a%c(#$s (is clai "#$ !aa&s #% A$'icl 27#" '(Ci/il C#! O% #" '( p*$p#ss #" '(is a$'icl is '# %! '( ;4$i4$.s.s' w($ p*4lic #,cials !la. #$ $"*s '( p$"#$a%c #"'(i$ !*'is *%'il '(. &' s# >i%! #" a pa!a(sa'< Acc#$!i%& '#Phil. Datch Co. Ltd. G. City of Ce!u A$'icl 27 p$s*pp#ss '(a' '($"*sal #$ #issi#% #" a p*4lic #,cial '# p$"#$ (is #,cial !*'. isa''$i4*'a4l '# alic #$ i%c*sa4l %&li&%c T( p*4lic #,c$is p*%is(a4l *%!$ A$'icl 27 "#$ w(a'/$ l#ss #$ !aa& '(c#plai%a%' (as s*s'ai%!

I% '( cas a' 4a$ i' was %#' all&! '(a' a.#$ T*?#%s$"*sal '# ac' #% )*$a!#s applica'i#% was a% a''p' '# c#pl(i '# $s#$' '# 4$i4$. '# #4'ai% '( a.#$s p$i' I' ca%%#' 4sai! '(a' '( a.#$ a%! '( *%icipal '$as*$$ w$ #'i/a'! 4.

A$' 27 A%. p$s#% s*+$i%& a'$ial #$ #$al l#ss 4ca*s a p*4lic

s$/a%' #$ pl#. $"*ss #$ %&lc's wi'(#*' *s' ca*s '# p$"#$ (is

#,cial !*'. a. l a% ac'i#% "#$ !aa&s a%! #'($ $li" a&ai%s' '(

la''$ wi'(#*' p$*!ic '# a%. !iscipli%a$. a!i%is'$a'i/ ac'i#% '(a' a.

4 'a>%

p$s#%al spi' #$ w$ &$#ssl. %&li&%' i% $"*si%& '# iss* '(p$i' a%! lic%s

Asi! "$# '( a4s%c #" all&a'i#%s #" 4a! "ai'( #$ &$#ss%&li&%c %# /i!%c was p$#+$! '# s(#w '(a' '( sai! p*4lic#,c$s si%&l! #*' )*$a!# "#$ p$sc*'i#% Ni'($ !#s i' appa$

'( sai! p*4lic #,c$s &ai%! p$s#%all. "$# $"*si%& '# iss* '(p$i' O% '( c#%'$a$. '( $s#l*'i#% was *%i"#$l. appli! '# all'( '($s($s i% '( *%icipali'.

T( p*4lic #,c$s ac'! wi'(i% '( sc#p #" '(i$ a*'(#$i'.a%! i% c#%s#%a%c wi'( '(i$ (#%s' i%'$p$'a'i#% #" '(Rs#l*'i#% T(. p$s*! '( /ali!i'. #" '( Rs#l*'i#% i% '(a4s%c #" a *!icial !cisi#% i%/ali!a'i%& i' As c*'i/ #,cial'(. (a! '( !*'. '# %"#$c i' as l#%& as i' (a! %#' 4% $pal!4. '( Sa%&&*%ia%& Ba.a% #$ a%%*ll! 4. '( c#*$'s As a $*l ap*4lic #,c$s w('($ *!icial *asi-*!icial #$ c*'i/ is %#'p$s#%all. lia4l '# #% i%*$! i% c#%s*%c #" a% ac' p$"#$!wi'(i% '( sc#p #" (is #,cial a*'(#$i'. a%! i% li% #" (is #,cial

!*'. A% $$#%#*s i%'$p$'a'i#% #" a% #$!i%a%c !#s %#'c#%s'i'*' %#$ !#s i' a#*%' '# 4a! "ai'( '(a' w#*l! %'i'l a%a&&$i/! pa$'. '# a% awa$! "#$ !aa&s P(il a'c( C# / Ci'.#" C4*

H(a' )*$a!# c#*l! (a/ !#% was '# si&% '( a&$%'*%!$ p$#'s' a%! la'$ c(all%&! i' i% c#*$' '# $li/ (i #" '(#4li&a'i#% '# ;!#%a'


17/21


R)L,-G:ACCORDINGL '( appal! !cisi#% is $/$s! i%s#"a$as i' (#l!s '( p'i'i#%$s lia4l i% !aa&s a%! a''#$%.s "s '#'( p$i/a' ;espondent N# c#s's

/lie v# RarangDay 28, 1772>utierre, Jr )

Jadd $Pina'a-steads sa :nter-C 201=% BealinoI (a/ %# i!a w(a' '#pic '(is cas "alls *%!$

S)""AR*: H.li is '( Assis'a%' A!i%is'$a'i/ O,c$ #"'( US Na/al Bas i% S*4ic O% i%s'all%' #" a "a'*$ i%'( p*4lica'i#% ( s*p$/iss c#%'ai%! a s'a'%' '# '(+c' '(a' a% ;A*$i%&< was a !is&$ac '# ($ !i/isi#% a%!'( O,c #" '( P$#/#s' a$s(al a%! w#*l! p*4licl.c#%s* i's c#%sca'! "$# 4as p$s#%%l A*$#$a

Ra$a%& was '( #%l. #% >%#w% as ;A*$i%&< i% '( O,c #"'( P$#/#s' a$s(al S( s*! H.li a%! Hillias ;'(#,c$s #" *$is!ic'i#%#/$ '( pa$'is a%! s*4c'-a''$ si%c 2 '(. w$ac'i%& i% '( p$"#$a%c #" '(i$ #,cial "*%c'i#%s as USNa/. O,c$s a%! '( US 4as was a% i%s'$*%'ali'.#" '( US /$%%' w(ic( ca%%#' 4 s*! wi'(#*' i'sc#%s%' T( D was !%i! T( CFI /%'*all. "#*%! "#$Ra$a%& #$!$i%& '( #,c$s '# pa. !aa&s O% appal'( CA i%c$as! '( !aa&s awa$!! T( SC *p(l! '(

CA (#l!i%& '(a' A$ica% %a/al #,c$s c#i''i%& c$is#$ '#$'*#*s ac's w(il !isc(a$&i%& '(i$ #,cial "*%c'i#%sa$ %#' c#/$! 4. '( p$i%cipl #" s'a' i*%i'. "$#s*i'

D'C+R,-E:

I" '( *!&%' a&ai%s' #,cials $*i$s '( s'a' i'sl" '#p$"#$ a% a,$a'i/ ac' '# sa'is". '( *!&%' &a> a% app$#p$ia'i#% '# pa. !aa&s '( s*i' is

$&a$!! as #% a&ai%s' a s'a' i'sl" /% '(#*&( %#'"#$all. ipla!! Ci'i%& >arcia . Chief of StaH

O,cials a. 4 p$s#%all. lia4l w(% '(i$ ac's a$ *l'$a/i$s #$ '($ is 4a! "ai'( Ci'i%& C(a/? / SB 1991

F#$i&% ili'a$is assi&%! a%! s'a'i#%! i% P(ilippi%'$$i'#$. %#. S'a' I*%i'.

P(ilippi% law !#s %#' all#w '( c#issi#% #" c$isa%! '#$'s i% '( %a #" #,cial !*'. S# c$is #$ '#$'sc#i''! i% '( %a #" #,cial !*'. a$ ultra ires

.AC+S:

Pa$'iso P'i'i#%$s

3 H.li

is '( Assis'a%' A!i%is'$a'i/ #,c$ #"'( US Na/al Bas i% S*4ic

s*p$/iss '( Plan of the Bay ;POD


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w#*l! $ci/ c#%!a'i#%s "#$ ($s$/ic p$i#$ '# '( i%ci!%'

F4$*a$. 197: T(ction Line :n)uiry c#%'ai%! as'a'%' as>i%& i" '( (a! #" '( $c(a%!isC#%'$#l !i/isi#% was awa$ #" $c(a%!is C#%'$#l

G*a$!s p*4lic c#%s*p'i#% #" c#%sca'! i'sspciall. #% '( pa$' #" ;A*$i%&< w(# was a !is&$ac'# ($ !i/isi#% a%! '# '( O,c #" '( P$#/#s'a$s(al

Ra$a%& was i%/s'i&a'! 4. ($ s*p$i#$s

F4$*a$. 7 197: H.li w$#' a l''$ #" ap#l#&. '#Ra$a%& "#$ '( ;i%a!/$'%'< p*4lica'i#%

Ra$a%& s*! H.li a%! Hillias ;'( #,c$s #" *$is!ic'i#% #/$ '( s*4c' a''$a%! pa$'is

T( D was !%i! T( CFI /%'*all. "#*%! "#$Ra$a%& a%! #$!$! '( #,c$s '# pa. #$al!aa&s pla$. !aa&s a''#$%.s "sli'i&a'i#% p%ss a%! c#s's #" '( s*i' w(il!isissi%& '( s*i' a&ai%s' '( US Na/al Bas

O% appal '( #,c$s $i'$a'! '( lac> #"*$is!ic'i#% a%! sai! '(a' '( p*4lica'i#% was %#'i%'%'i#%al a%! alici#*sl.-ca*s! Ra$a%& appal!"#$ a% i%c$as i% '( awa$! #" !aa&s

T( CA "#*%! "#$ Ra$a%& i%c$asi%& '( a#*%' #"!aa&s awa$!!

,SS)ES: H('($ '( Assis'a%' A!i%is'$a'i/ O,c$H.li a%! '( C#a%!i%& O,c$ Hillias a$ i*%

"$# a s*i' "#$ !aa&s !spi' '(i$ pa$'icipa'i#% i% '(p*4lica'i#% #" a !"aa'#$. "a'*$ i'R)L,-G: N# T( A$ica% #,c$s p$"#$a%c #"'#$'*#*s ac's w(il !isc(a$&i%& #,cial "*%c'i#%s is %#'

c#/$! 4. '( D#c'$i% #" S'a' I*%i'.

RA+,':

N# '( A$ica% #,c$s p$"#$a%c #" '#$'*#*s ac'sw(il !isc(a$&i%& #,cial "*%c'i#%s is %#' c#/$! 4. '(D#c'$i% #" S'a' I*%i'. as #*$ laws !# %#' all#w '(c#issi#% #" c$is i% '( %a #" #,cial !*'. US lawsa$ p$s*! '# 4 '( sa #% '(a' p#i%' S*c( ac's a$ultra ires a%! ca%%#' 4 pa$' #" #,cial !*'. T( #,c$sa$ 4i%& s*! i% '(i$ p$s#%al capaci'is

1 T( SC (a/il. *#'! '( cas #" IS . >uinto19902 T( c#%cp' #" S'a' I*%i'. "$# s*i' was

!isc*ss!A Tw# 4ass C#%s'i'*'i#%al a%! I%'$%a'i#%al Law

i C#%s'i'*'i#%al Sc A$' 16 T( S'a' a.%#' 4 s*! wi'(#*' i's c#%s%'ii G%$all.-accp'! i%'$%a'i#%al lawp$i%cipl a!#p'! *%!$ '( D#c'$i% #"I%c#$p#$a'i#% i% Sc 2 A$' 2 C#%s'

a A s'a' '(a' is a 4$ #" '( s#ci'. #"%a'i#%s is a*'#a'icall. #4li&a'! '#

c#pl. wi'( c$'ai% p$i%ciplsB Tw# l/ls #" applica'i#% L#cal a%! F#$i&%i L#cal a&ai%s' '( s'a' w($ '( s*i' is

4$#*&('a Ra'i#%al TQ($ ca% 4 %# l&al $i&('

a&ai%s' '( a*'(#$i'. w(ic( a>s '( law#% w(ic( '( $i&(' !p%!s ci'i%&3#ls i% 9a&ana'oa . Poly!an'

ii F#$i&% a&ai%s' a%#'($ s'a'a Ra'i#%al Par in parem, non ha!et

imperium All s'a's a$ s#/$i&% *als

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19/21


a%! ca%%#' ass$' *$is!ic'i#% #/$ #%a%#'($ O'($wis $la'i#%s 4'w%%a'i#%s w#*l! 4 /! Ci'i%& Ba a!er. Kueen of Portu(al

C Tw# E%'i'is c#/$! 4. S'a' I*%i'.i S'a's !*(ii O,cials !isc(a$&i%& '(i$ !*'is

a Ts' '# !'$i% w('($ a s*i' is$&a$!! as 4i%& a&ai%s' a s'a' I" '(*!&%' a&ai%s' #,cials $*i$s '(s'a' i'sl" '# p$"#$ a% a,$a'i/ ac' '#sa'is". '( *!&%' & a> a%app$#p$ia'i#% '# pa. !aa&s '( s*i' is$&a$!! as #% a&ai%s' a s'a' i'sl" /%'(#*&( %#' "#$all. ipla!! Ci'i%&>arcia . Chief of StaH

4 S'a's $!. #/ '# !isiss #%

&$#*%! '(a' s*i' was l! w@# i's c#%s%'c I%/#ca'i#% #" S'a' I*%i'. 4. O,cials1 $ i%/#ca'i#% !#s %#' 4. i'sl"

$s*l' i% !isissal2 T( *s'i#% #" w('($ a% #,c$ is

ac'i%& i% '( !isc(a$& #" '(i$ #,cial"*%c'i#%s $*i$s '( p$s%'a'i#% #"/i!%c

! O,cials a. 4 p$s#%all. lia4l ci'i%&Chae . S? 19911 Tw# i%s'a%cs

1 Iltra iresac'sK a%!

2 H($ '($ is 4a! "ai'(2 Ra'i#%al T(is i*%i'. is li> '(a' #"*!&s a%! '( PCGG #,cials ci'i%&PC>> . PeEa

R!is 3*a% Rla'i#%s T#$'s s*i'sCC 19-21 2

T($ is a %*a%c '# O,cials F#$i&%ili'a$is assi&%! a%! s'a'i#%! i%P(ilippi% '$$i'#$.1 S'a' I*%i'. was $s'a'! wi'(

spcici'. i% '( ;P-IS ?ases Treaty

I' is *'*all. a&$! '(a' '(U%i'! S'a's s(all (a/ '($i&('s p#w$ a%! a*'(#$i'.wi'(i% '( 4ass w(ic( a$%cssa$. "#$ '(s'a4lis(%' *s #p$a'i#%a%! !"%s '($#" #$app$#p$ia' "#$ '( c#%'$#l'($#" a%! all '( $i&('s p#w$a%! a*'(#$i'. wi'(i% '( lii's#" '( '$$i'#$ial wa'$s a%! ai$spac a!ac%' '# #$ i% '(/ici%i'. #" '( 4ass w(ic( a$%cssa$. '# p$#/i! accss '#'( #$ app$#p$ia' "#$ '(i$c#%'$#l

2 I% *$isp$*!%cA G#/$%%'s p' "#$i&%a$is p$i''! '# a$c( '($#*&(#$ 4 s'a'i#%! i% a "$i%!l.c#*%'$. "$# ci/il a%! c$ii%al*$is!ic'i#% Ci'i%& ;a)uia .?radford w(ic( ci'! Coleman .Tennessee

D C$i'icis a&ai%s' S'a' I*%i'. D$isi/l.call! ;T( R#.al P$$#&a'i/ #" Dis(#%s'.< asa%. l&i'ia' clai ca% 4 !"a'! 4.i%/#ca'i#% #" S'a' I*%i'.

i Rsp#%s '# c$i' icis N#' a4s#l*' A%cp'i#% is w(% '( s'a' i'sl"c#%s%'s

E S'a' C#%s%' '# S*i'i Tw# F#$s Ep$ss a%! Ipli!

a Ep$ss S'a'! i% &%$al law #$ spciallaw1 R*isi' L&isla'i/ will '($#*&(

s'a'*'#$. %ac'%' Ci'i%& ;epu!lic. Purisima

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[puboff] [sept 30 compilation].doc

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