Starting

Agenda.introduction .Important Notes .Pump ClassificationsReferences

Introduction

Pumping SystemsIntroduction

Introduction20% of worlds electrical energy demand20 % .25-50% of energy usage in some industries25-50 % .Used forDomestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural services .Municipal water and wastewater services .What are Pumping Systems

IntroductionObjective of pumping systemWhat are Pumping SystemsTransfer liquid from source to destinationCirculate liquid around a system

IntroductionMain pump componentsPumpsPrime movers: electric motors, diesel engines, air systemPiping to carry fluidValves to control flow in systemOther fittings, control, instrumentationEnd-use equipmentHeat exchangers, tanks, hydraulic machinesWhat are Pumping Systems

IntroductionPump operating pointPumping System CharacteristicsDuty point: rate of flow at certain headPump operating point: intersection of pump curve and system curve

Pump Performance:

Dynamic Pump Performance:

: Fluid Machines that convert mechanical energy into fluid energy & handle incompressible fluids (Liquids)

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pumps

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A Pump doesnt create pressure it only provides flow . Pressure is a just an indication of the amount of resistance to flow.

2Pumps can Pump only liquid not vapor

3Pumps create flow by reducing atmospheric pressure on water (by creating a vacuum)

( ).

4The main reason for using head instead of pressure to measure a pumps energy is that the pressure from a pump will change if the specific gravity (weight) of liquid changes but the head not change.

head pressure (,..) head

Pump ClassificationsAccording to the method of energy transfer between liquid & the machine.

Pump Classifications

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Single Acting

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. . 2/ ..

Simplex pump

:

. stroke . ( ). . stroke . . . . .

Rotary pumps . 2000 m3/h 350 bar. 2 35 .

Gear Pump

Gear Pump Gear pump: ( ). . : : . : .

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() . .

. . 35 bar 300 m3/h .

Reversing Gear Pump

( ) . . . . . ( ) .

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Internal Gear pump

Lobe (Root) Pump

Lobe Pumps . solids

Screw Pump

Screw Pump

Sludge 10

Open screw pump

Redial Piston Pump

Vane Pump

Vane Pumps . . : : : .

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. 200 m3/h 10 bar .

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Dynamic Pumps

Dynamic Pumps

() ( )

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Axial Flow Centrifugal Pump(Propeller Pumps) (head ) () .

Mixed Flow Centrifugal Pump

20 head .

Redial Flow Centrifugal Pump 30

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Jet Pump

A Jet Pump is a type of impeller-diffuser pump that is used to draw water from wells into residences. It can be used for both shallow (25 feet or less) and deep wells (up to about 200 feet.) Shown here is the underwater part of a deep well jet pump. Above the surface is a standard impeller-diffuser type pump. The output of the diffuser is split, and half to three-fourths of the water is sent back down the well through the Pressure Pipe (shown on the right here(

At the end of the pressure pipe the water is accelerated through a cone-shaped nozzle at the end of the pressure pipe, shown here within a red cutaway section. Then the water goes through a Venturi in the Suction Pipe (the pipe on the left)

The venturi has two parts: the Venturi Throat, which is the pinched section of the suction tube; and above that is the venturi itself which is the part where the tube widens and connects to the suction pipe.

The venturi speeds up the water causing a pressure drop which sucks in more water through the intake at the very base of the unit. The water goes up the Suction Pipe and through the impeller -- most of it for another trip around to the venturi.

Jet Pump : . : ( ) ( ) . 1 - m3/h 6 50% .

: Shallow Well Jet pump Deep Well Jet pump .

Shallow Well Jet pump 6.5 m ( ). . : ( )

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( 40% ) . Shallow Well Jet pump

Deep Well Jet pump 6.5 m . 60 m.

: ( ) ( ) . .

Air lift Pump

The Air Lift Pump is a type of deep well pump, sometimes used to remove water from mines. It can also be used to pump a slurry of sand and water or other "gritty" solutions. In its most basic form this pump has NO moving parts, other than an air compressor. The efficiency of the air compressor is a prime factor in determining the overall efficiency of the pump.

Increased efficiency in the pump itself can be achieved - but with added complexity. Shown here is a simple Air Lift Pump. Compressed air is piped down a shaft. The air then returns up a Discharge Pipe carrying water with it. The pump works by "aerating" the water in the discharge pipe.

The added air lowers the specific gravity of the fluid mixture. Since it is lighter than the surrounding water, it is pushed upwards.

This type of pump can lift 20 to 2000 gallons per minute, up to about 750 feet. The discharge pipe must be placed deep into the water, from 70% of the height of the pipe above the water level (for lifts to 20 feet) down to 40 percent for higher lifts.

Air lift pump . .

(sludge)

Peristaltic Pumps

One of the main advantages of the Peristaltic Pump is cleanliness. It also utilizes another advantage: Fragile blood cells are not damaged by this pump. The flexible tube (in this drawing its edges are blue and yellow for clarity) is connected on the inlet side to the patient's artery, and on the outlet side to the patient's vein. In this example three rollers on rotating arms pinch the tube against an arc and move the fluid along. There are usually three or four sets of rollers. Peristaltic pumps have a variety of medical applications. They can be used to add nutrients to blood, to force blood through filters to clean it, or to move blood through the body and lungs during open heart surgery. Peristaltic Pumps

Peristaltic Pumps .

Peristaltic Pump . . ( ) .

Ram Pumps

Ram Pumps . . . . . .

: (Water Hammer).

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Step by stepLook at the ball when it is in the lower position Water flows in with a high velocity at "water in" The water flows out at "waste water" but at the same time it pushes the ball up the curve When the ball hits the top point it blocks the water flow and a short impulse is build up behind the ball The impulse presses a little amount of water through the one-way-valve at very high pressure The impulse is very short and as air can be compressed very fast the air chamber act as an energy buffer The one-way-valve closes again The air pressure pumps the water out at "water out" The ball was forced up by the water flow but as the flow stopped it rolls back to the lower position The cycle begins again

Performance characteristics

Dutch Pump

All three stations were based on standard Cornish pumps and were built essentially alike. One of them, Cruquius, is still in existence as a museum and is illustrated here.

There are eight pumps surrounding the central steam cylinder, but at Cruquius only seven were actually connected because the steam cylinder could not power all eight.

The cycle shown works as follows: First, steam is introduced into the center of the cylinder (at about 45 P.S.I.) The steam pushes the piston up, pushing the upper valves in the pumps down (two of eight are shown(

About halfway up the inlet steam valve is closed but steam continues to expand and push the piston up. It slows to a stop at the top of the cycle.

Next the exhaust valve is closed and the equilibrium valve is opened. Steam then flows around to the top of the piston and, with the aid of gravity, pushes down on the piston. The upper valves on the pumps move up and water is raised. The equilibrium valve closes and the cycle repeats about seven times a minute.

References

ReferencesGlossary Of Pumps Site. (www.glossarypumps.com)Pump Handbook (McGraw Hill)3rd EditionPump User Handbook (Heinz P.Bloch). ( 2004)( )Pump School Site. (www.pumpschool.com)Equipment Maintenance and Operation Course. (PESCo).GR Pump Manual.SAUERSUNDSTRAND (Tandem Pump) Manual.SAUERDANFOS (Axial Piston Pump) Manual. ( 2007 2009).The Site of Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia (www.energyefficiencyasia.org)The Site of (www.howstuffworks.com)The Site of (www.lifewater.org)

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