punctuation in writing

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PUNCTUATION IN WRITING Chanokpat Sakunsansern No.1 M.4/1

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Page 1: Punctuation in writing

PUNCTUATION IN WRITING Chanokpat Sakunsansern No.1 M.4/1

Page 2: Punctuation in writing

Basic Signs of Punctuation

• the full stop .

• the comma ,

• the exclamation mark !

• the question mark ?

• the semi-colon ;

• the colon :

• the apostrophe '

• quotation marks “ ”

• the hyphen -

• brackets ( ) or [ ]

• the slash /

Page 3: Punctuation in writing

Full Stop (.)

End a sentence

• Ex: I am a girl. He is a boy.

Indicate abbreviation

• Ex: Sun. Sunday

Note:

? and ! replace and eliminate periods at the end of a

sentence.

• Ex: Are you okay?. O Are you okay? P

Abbreviation that ends in a period - do not follow it with

another period.

• Ex: This is Alice Smith, M.D.. O This is Alice Smith, M.D. P

Page 4: Punctuation in writing

The Comma (,)

To pause before proceeding.

Add a phrase that does not contain any new subject.

Separate words in a series of 3 or more items/adjectives.

Separate two adjectives when the adjectives are

interchangeable.

• Ex: He is a strong, healthy man. P

OR healthy, strong man.

• Ex: We stayed at an expensive summer resort.

summer expensive resort. wrong O

Separate larger area from a smaller one. • Ex: Bkk, Thailand

Can’t switch

summer & expensive

Page 5: Punctuation in writing

Note:

Oxford comma - last comma that comes before and/or.

• Ex: My family consists of my dad, my mom, and my sister.

**Sometimes we need Oxford comma

• Ex: We had coffee, cheese and crackers and grapes.

We had coffee, cheese and crackers, and grapes.

omission of the Oxford comma can sometimes lead to

misunderstandings.

writer has to choose whether they will use or not.

The comma tells us that

cheese and crackers

= one dish.

Page 6: Punctuation in writing

Exclamation Mark (!) Denote excitement, emphasis, strong feeling

• Only use when essential or when taken from a direct quote.

• Don’t use too many “!” in formal writing.

Question Mark (?) Indicates that a sentence is asking a question.

• Ex: What’s your name?

Note: you do not need a full stop.

Page 7: Punctuation in writing

Semi-colon (;)

Join 2 connected sentences.

• Ex: We set out at dawn; the weather looked promising.

Note: if the clauses are very long, use a full stop

Separate a complex series of items.

• The conference was attended by delegates from Paris, France;

Paris, Texas; London, UK; Stockholm, Sweden; Colombo, Sri

Lanka; and Mumbai, India.

• I went to the show with Jake, my close friend; his friend, Jane; and

her best friend, Jenna.

Page 8: Punctuation in writing

Colon (:)

Makes a very pointed pause between two phrases

Commonly used when listing.

• Ex: I bought many things for the party: beer, fruit, vegetables, toilet

rolls, cereals and cartons of milk.

Use in a heading or separate parts of a title

• Ex: Human Resource Management: Guidelines for Telephone

Advisers

• My favorite movie is The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the

Ring

Page 9: Punctuation in writing

Apostrophe (’)

Indicates possession.

• Ex: The girl’s hat was green, (girl is in the singular).

Note:

subject ending with ‘s’ drop the final ‘s’

• Ex: The Jones’s house…The Jones’ house

subject is plural apostrophe is placed after the s

• The teachers’ staff room

if the word is already plural

• Ex: children children’s

Page 10: Punctuation in writing

Indicate contraction

• Ex: We're going to do this course. (We are going to do this course.)

Note: abbreviated words in formal writing is inappropriate

Tips!

• It’s = a contraction of two words: it + is // it + has.

• Its = a possessive like hers, his, and whose.

• There’s = a contraction of there + is.

• Theirs = the third person plural possessive pronoun

Page 11: Punctuation in writing

Quotation or Speech Marks “…”

To mark out speech

When quoting someone else's speech

Note:

• Use a single quotation mark within a regular quotation to

indicate a quotation within a quotation

• Ex: Ali said, "Anna told me, ’I wasn't sure if you wanted to come!’ "

Page 12: Punctuation in writing

Hyphen ( - )

Link words together.

• a prefix pre-test

• compound words up-to-date

• writing numbers out as words fifty-two

When a word is split between two lines.

(The hyphen should be placed at the end of the upper line)

• Note: use extra spacing to avoid hyphenation is better

Page 13: Punctuation in writing

Dash ("--" or "—")

Making a brief interruption within a statement

To convey a sudden change of thought or additional

comment

Structure:

Independent clause—thought—independent clause.

Independent clause—thought.

• Ex: Abby gave me a terrible haircut—and she expected a tip!

Use to indicate interrupted speech.

• Ex: "But I—But you said— ... wait, what?" stammered Edna

more emphasis than a comma but less than parentheses.

Page 14: Punctuation in writing

Note:

When you remove the dashes, the sentence should

still make sense.

Ex: The man—he was from Ames, Iowa—arrived

The man from Ames, Iowa, arrived.

Wrong usage: My friend—Sam—went to the doctor.

My friend, Sam, went to the doctor.

Need to use commas

Page 15: Punctuation in writing

Parentheses (…)

Use to make an aside, or a point which is not part of the

main flow of a sentence

*If you remove the words between the brackets, the sentence should

still make sense.

Personal comments.

Denote an afterthought

• Ex: You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the

batteries!).

Note: include the sentence's period after the closing parenthesis

comma < dash < parentheses

Page 16: Punctuation in writing

Brackets […]

To correct the tense of a quotation to suit the tense of

your own sentence

To add your own words to sections of an abbreviated

quotation.

• "[The blast] was absolutely devastating!” said Susan Smith, a local

bystander at the scene of the incident.

*original quote : "It was absolutely devastating!"

Page 17: Punctuation in writing

To abbreviate lengthy quotations

• “We can define class as a large-scale grouping of people who share

common economic resources, that strongly influence the types of

lifestyle they are able to lead. Ownership of wealth, together with

occupation, are the chief basis of class differences. The major

classes that exist in Western societies are an upper class […]; a

middle class […] and a working class […].”

(Giddens, 1997, p.243)

To adjust a quotation to suit your own sentence

• Ex: if you write about class structure, you might use the following:

• According to Giddens, (1997, p.243) the “[o]wnership of wealth,

together with occupation, are the chief basis of class differences”.

Page 18: Punctuation in writing

Braces {…}

To denote a numeric set in mathematics.

• Ex: The set of numbers in this problem is: { 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 }

Can also be used to indicate a set of choices.

*Mostly not use

• Ex: Choose your favorite utensil { fork, knife, spoon } and

bring it to me.

Slash ( / ) Use the slash instead of ”or, and” etc.,

URL of websites

Page 19: Punctuation in writing