putting science into standards (psis) workshop …...1 jrc petten 22-23 september 2016 putting...

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JRC Petten ● 22-23 September 2016

Putting Science into Standards

(PSIS) Workshop 2016 "Driving Towards Decarbonisation of Transport:

Safety, Performance, Second life and Recycling of Automotive

Batteries for e-Vehicles"

Session 4:

Recycling

Industry:

Frank TREFFER – UMICORE

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Recycling of EOL (X)EV Batteries

on an industrial scale

3 3 JRC-IET-PSIS-Workshop-2016

Unique integration in the battery value chain guaranteeing high speed to market, supply security and responsiveness to customer needs

Portable

electronics

Power

tools

(P) HEV /

EV

E-bikes

Stationary

power

Li-ion

rechargeable

batteries

Application Product End use Metal Raw material

residues

residues

Recycling &

intermediates

Umicore offers a closed materials loop for Li-ion batteries: The innovative recycling

process enables a cost efficient and environmentally sound battery recycling with

high recovery rates and minimal waste.

Copyright © 2016 Umicore. All rights reserved

4 4 JRC-IET-PSIS-Workshop-2016

Pyrometallurgy

Hydrometallurgy

Mechanical processing

Input Flexibility for complex materials

Output Maximize value creation

Base metals

Minor metals

Precious metals

Recovery of over 20 metals

Fundamentals of effective Recycling


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Flexible treatment – feeding portfolio

JRC-IET-PSIS-Workshop-2016

Portable electronics E-mobility Energy storage

Production scrap


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Variable feed size


Pre-treatment necessary No pre-treatment necessary

± 0,030 kg 0,5 – 0,7 kg 1 – 1,5 kg

± 3 kg

= direct feed to the furnace = dismantling to module/cell level

*Mobile phone battery

*Laptop battery

*Power tool battery

*E-bike battery

*XEV / Industry battery module

*HEV battery

*EV battery

• Flexible on Chemistry • Any type of NiMH or Li-ion battery (LCO, NMC, LMO, LFP, …)

• Flexible on Size • Medium sizes directly to furnace • Larger sizes after (partial) dismantling


* Illustration from different sources

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Safe pre-conditioning of xEV batteries


Initial UBR dismantling line located in Hanau, Germany →

Dismantling stands for: • mechanical concentration • reduce (high)system voltage, safety handling and transportation • size reduction: for direct treatment / feeding

• advantage: direct treatment of battery modules reduces dismantling efforts • components / pack material are well separated for preferred recycling paths

Material

Battery Modules / Cells

Pack Material (Steel, Cu, Al, plastics,..)

Electronic Components

Recycling Outlet Battery pack dismantling

Umicore Battery Recycling

Existing certified recycling paths

Umicore Precious Metal Recycling

Powered by Federal Ministry

for the Environment, Nature

Conservation, Building and

Nuclear Safety - Berlin


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Recycling technology UHT


Umicore Battery Recycling Technology

Capacity: 7,000 t/y

± 250 mio mobile phone batteries

± 200,000 HEV’s

± 35,000 EV’s

Recycling efficiency > 50%:

Alloy: Cu – Co – Ni

Slag : for Li-Ion: used in construction (potential recovery Li)

for NiMH: rare earth concentrate (REE)

Flue dust: controlled separation of F

Eco-efficient:

Close-to-zero waste

Advanced gas cleaning

Energy of battery used to obtain high temperature (electrolyte, metals, plastics)


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Treating all kinds of Li-ion batteries


Umicore’s UHT-process is designed to

handle this complexity and variability

Li-ion battery = complex mix of materials containing

metals, organics, halogens.

Strong variation in cathode chemistries with

more variation to come.

Umicore has knowledge on battery chemistry

evolution through its Rechargeable Battery

Materials division


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Growing with the market

Governments’ xEV targets by 2020:

14 countries have announced quantitative EV stock objectives,

aspiring to bring 13 million EVs on the road by 2020:

Germany: 1 million cumulative sales

UK: 1.5 million cumulative sales

France: 2 million cumulative sales

China: 5 million cumulative sales

Etc…

Source: Global EV outlook 2016 - OECD/IEA 2016

several 100,000 metric tons in need for recycling in the years thereafter

When? Uncertain, depends on actual sales xEV, battery designs, lifetime batteries, potential 2nd life,…

How? Efficiency and cost of recycling are driven by volume



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Growing to industrial scale

Technical know-how of UHT process

at Industrial pilot scale (7,000 t/y)

Experience of upscaling

from industrial pilot scale to large

industrial scale from precious metal

recycling (> 400,000 t/y)

Reliable technology with economies of scale



http://sharepoint.eu.umicore.com/sites/UBR/GeneralInformation/Toyota/Preparation of tapping.jpg

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Perspective from standardization sector


Battery recycling efficiency is already specified as an EU standard:

Battery recycling processes are only qualified if a recycling efficiency > 50% will be reached for all

kind of batteries.

Battery packs need design flexibility. Requirements towards ease of repair, remanufacturing and

dismantling/recycling going in the same direction – not in conflict

Standardisation possible on module level regarding:

- Module voltage < 120 VDC for safe handling – e. g. repair and remanufacturing

- Module size and -weight because of transport regulations

Effective Battery Recycling (economic and ecological) requesting technological flexibility because of

- High dynamic of battery chemistry and high variety of composition

- High variety of battery pack and –module design

- Different conditions of batteries (esp. damaged) require flexibility in handling and (pre)treatment

to ensure safety exchange of info / data along the waste & recycling chain is an appreciated

trend


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Thank you

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We are committed

to closing the loop

putting science into standards (psis) workshop …...1 jrc petten 22-23 september 2016 putting...

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