Q tif i th D t l hi G th P ttQuantifying the Dermatoglyphic Growth PatternsQuantifying the Dermatoglyphic Growth PatternsQuantifying the Dermatoglyphic Growth PatternsQ y g g ypi Child Th h Ad lin Children Through Adolescencein Children Through Adolescencein Children Through Adolescenceg

Dr John K Schneider Principal Investigator; Pete Stecher Project Engineer; Fred Kiefer Senior Mathematician; Leonard Pratt Program ManagerDr. John K. Schneider - Principal Investigator; Pete Stecher - Project Engineer; Fred Kiefer - Senior Mathematician; Leonard Pratt - Program ManagerDr. John K. Schneider Principal Investigator; Pete Stecher Project Engineer; Fred Kiefer Senior Mathematician; Leonard Pratt Program ManagerUlt S C ti 4240 Rid L R d A h t NY 14226Ultra-Scan Corporation ! 4240 Ridge Lea Road ! Amherst NY ! 14226Ultra-Scan Corporation ! 4240 Ridge Lea Road ! Amherst, NY ! 14226p g ,

Background Recruitment Data Collection Data AnalysisBackground Recruitment Data Collection Data Analysisg yWith the exception of unnatural friction ridge structure changes Estimated as a two week task, IRB submittal and approval took Fingerprints were scanned on location in the field by trained Every attempt was made to collect high quality images Images With the exception of unnatural friction ridge structure changes Estimated as a two week task, IRB submittal and approval took Fingerprints were scanned on location in the field by trained Every attempt was made to collect high quality images. Images such as deep wounds or epidermis-altering diseases an nearly nine months due in large measure to the lack of biometric team members using a UPEK TouchChip single finger that included occluded areas were rejected because such areas such as deep wounds or epidermis altering diseases, an nearly nine months due in large measure to the lack of biometric team members using a UPEK TouchChip single finger that included occluded areas were rejected because such areas individual’s dermatoglyphic fingerprint patterns remain research protocol precedence within the IRB community. capacitance scanner a digital camera and a laptop PC all can mask minutiaeindividual s dermatoglyphic fingerprint patterns remain research protocol precedence within the IRB community. capacitance scanner, a digital camera, and a laptop PC, all can mask minutiae.unchanged from birth designed into a portable jump kitunchanged from birth.

Verbal consent was obtained designed into a portable jump kit.

Verbal consent was obtained While friction ridge patterns expand with maturation inadequate and recorded from each child The initial goal as to collect si fingerprint images (fingers 1 3 While friction ridge patterns expand with maturation, inadequate and recorded from each child The initial goal was to collect six fingerprint images (fingers 1-3 g p p , qresearch has been given to Level II detail with respect to ridge in the study (on a range of

g g p g ( gand 6 8) from each st d participant t ice ann all d ring a research has been given to Level II detail with respect to ridge in the study (on a range of and 6-8) from each study participant, twice annually, during a g p g

endings and bifurcationsy ( g

consent forms to accommodate) y p p , y, g

fo r ear period as ell as to doc ment the age se ethnicit endings and bifurcations. consent forms to accommodate four year period, as well as to document the age, sex, ethnicity, gPre K to Grade 12 reading

y p , g , , y,height and eight of each s bject as part of the gro th anal sisPre-K to Grade 12 reading height and weight of each subject as part of the growth analysis.

Discussions on childhood fingerprints most often assume a g

skills) along with a writteng g j p g y

Discussions on childhood fingerprints most often assume a skills), along with a written High Quality Poor Qualitylinear relationship of ridge width and age/growth

), gconsent form signed by a parent After analyzing a small number of early 6-month interval

High Quality Poor Qualitylinear relationship of ridge width and age/growth. consent form signed by a parent After analyzing a small number of early 6-month interval Although the original plan was to use an automated minutiae g y p

or guardian collections it was determined that the collection timeframe Although the original plan was to use an automated minutiae Thi ff t dd d ti di d l t

or guardian. collections, it was determined that the collection timeframe identification process it did not have the precision necessary for This effort addressed questions regarding adolescent g

should be extended to a single annual collection to better allow identification process, it did not have the precision necessary for This effort addressed questions regarding adolescent d t l hi th di t ti

should be extended to a single annual collection to better allow this type of exacting analysis and a manual Minutiae Extraction dermatoglyphic growth distortions: Local school districts were for discernable fingerprint ridge growth/variation this type of exacting analysis, and a manual Minutiae Extraction dermatoglyphic growth distortions: Local school districts were for discernable fingerprint ridge growth/variation. Matching Tool was developed to simplify selection of the best initially targeted but significant Matching Tool was developed to simplify selection of the best ! Whether a adolescent’s fingerprint changes uniformly as the finger initially targeted but significant

It l b d th t it ft k d f ll hild minutiae location! Whether a adolescent s fingerprint changes uniformly as the finger resistance was encountered It was also observed that it was often awkward for small children minutiae location.grows resistance was encountered. It was also observed that it was often awkward for small children

t l l th i th b th l t lti i growsThe research team then shifted to properly place their thumbs on the scanner platen, resulting in

! Distortions in friction ridge patterns during growth (e gThe research team then shifted to properly place their thumbs on the scanner platen, resulting in

lit i th t bl Th ll ti t l ! Distortions in friction ridge patterns during growth (e.g. its focus to an alternate local poor quality images that were unusable. The collection protocol disproportionate horizontal vs vertical growth) its focus to an alternate local, poor quality images that were unusable. The collection protocol

b tl difi d t i l fi 1 2 6 & 7disproportionate horizontal vs. vertical growth) potentially cooperative was subsequently modified to require only fingers 1, 2, 6 & 7.! Commonality among all spatial differences due to age

potentially cooperative was subsequently modified to require only fingers 1, 2, 6 & 7.! Commonality among all spatial differences due to age population; the Boy Scout groups of Western NYy g p g population; the Boy Scout groups of Western NY.

Required subject consent paperwork required >10 minutes for Required subject consent paperwork required >10 minutes for Ultra-Scan was awarded a five year grant to research friction Th j t l f ll ti 308 hild fi i t d t t

q j p p qeach enrollment making it difficult to process large numbers of Ultra-Scan was awarded a five year grant to research friction The project goal of collecting 308 child fingerprint data sets was each enrollment, making it difficult to process large numbers of

ridge patterns during a rapid period of growth (such as that found The project goal of collecting 308 child fingerprint data sets was

l d d ft i t l 10 th f it t d g p g

subjects at events that were time limited Subsequent re Example Minutiae Triangulation forridge patterns during a rapid period of growth (such as that found concluded after approximately 10 months of recruitment and subjects at events that were time limited. Subsequent re- Example MinutiaeExtraction

Triangulation forComparisons over Timein children through adolescence) to determine whether a

concluded after approximately 10 months of recruitment and ll t S b t ll ti f bj t fi i t

j qcollections were much easier and less time consuming

Extraction Comparisons over Timein children through adolescence) to determine whether a enrollment. Subsequent re-collection of subject fingerprints collections were much easier and less time consuming.commonality of growth exists and to attempt to develop a

enrollment. Subsequent re collection of subject fingerprints i ld d 186 d 123 fi i t d t t f th l i

gcommonality of growth exists and to attempt to develop a yielded 186 and 123 fingerprint data sets for growth analysis.statistically valid mathematical model for predicting change

yielded 186 and 123 fingerprint data sets for growth analysis.statistically valid mathematical model for predicting change.

Th j t' l t id th NIJ d i tifi The project's goal was to provide the NIJ and scientific UltraUltra Scan CorporationScan Corporationp j g p Jit f di ti th h h f

UltraUltra--Scan CorporationScan Corporationcommunity a means for predicting the shape changes of y p g p gfi i t d i thi i d f th ( Mi ti G th M fingerprints during this period of growth (a Minutiae Growth Map g p g p g ( G p

MGM) i d t i ifi tl h th b bilit f or MGM) in order to significantly enhance the probability of Pl tti th 1 G ) g y p yt hi i di id l’ d l t/ d lt fi i t t

Plotting growth over 1 yearmatching an individual’s adolescent/adult fingerprints to g / g pfi i t i d h th i di id l hild Cfingerprints acquired when the individual was a child. Conclusions g p q Conclusions

Study Goals and Methods Th ll t d d t th hl i d t i d d Study Goals and Methods The collected data was thoroughly examined, categorized and y g y , gl d ith th lti l i th t th tt f The project’s goal necessitated the capture of children’s analyzed with the resulting conclusion that growth patterns of The project’s goal necessitated the capture of children’s y g g p

fi i t th d i thi t d d t p j g pfingerprints at specific intervals fingerprints over three years as measured in this study do not fingerprints at specific intervals. g p y y

t f ll l ttg p p appear to follow a general pattern.pp g pPrior to any interaction with collection subjects a thorough Prior to any interaction with collection subjects, a thorough

Ob d th tt i di id li ti th t it Independent Review Board (IRB) application and review process With further input from the IRB, the research Observed growth patterns were so individualistic that it was Independent Review Board (IRB) application and review process With further input from the IRB, the research team elected to offer scouts & parents a A d h ll i l d i th i ti li k

g pd t i d t b i ibl t d l i l f il f was required to be completed as was a full design research team elected to offer scouts & parents a

li t hild ID fi i t d A second challenge involved preserving the communication links determined to be impossible to develop a single map or family of was required to be completed, as was a full design research complimentary child ID fingerprint card. A second challenge involved preserving the communication links ith ll d bj t th d th h th k f

p p g p y th t t l d l i ti tt th ith th protocol with enrolled subjects as they progressed through the ranks of maps that accurately models minutiae pattern growth with the protocol.

Flyer created to generate interest in study with enrolled subjects as they progressed through the ranks of th t i ti

p y p gd t th t ll t dFlyer created to generate interest in study

ti i ti t d t l d the scout organization. data that was collected.R it t C t P d C fid ti lit d H

participation among scouts and scout leaders the scout organization.Recruitment, Consent, Procedure, Confidentiality and Human , , , yP ti i t P t ti t l d l d d d Alth h th lt i di t th t i ti th d Participant Protections protocols were developed and approved. Data Security Although the results indicate that a minutiae growth map does p p p pp

Subject recruitment proved to be unexpectedly difficult with Data Security g g pt f ibl th h l d th t h i Subject recruitment proved to be unexpectedly difficult, with y

not seem feasible, the researchers employed another technique The data was thoroughly examined categorized and analyzed limited availability of subjects (children) and modest cooperation The security of the child’s demographic and biometric data was

, p y qt t th j t l f t hi hild’ i ti t The data was thoroughly examined, categorized and analyzed. limited availability of subjects (children) and modest cooperation The security of the child’s demographic and biometric data was to meet the project goal of matching a child’s minutiae at one age

of guardians (Scout leaders) and parents (consent) throughout y g p

typically the first subject addressed by parents when p j g g g

t t f th i i ti t ld Th h t di id d th k l i t th ti

of guardians (Scout leaders) and parents (consent) throughout typically the first subject addressed by parents when to a set of their minutiae at an older age.The research team divided the work plan into three sections. the recruitment process

yp y j y ppresentations were made to solicit participation

gThe research team divided the work plan into three sections. the recruitment process. presentations were made to solicit participation.p p p

Th h difi d d fi d tl d l d ! Administrative The researchers modified and refined a recently developed, ! Administrative The research team observed that there is clearly a negative All data was collected entered and stored for analysis in y p ,

l bl i ti t hi l ith t t f l ti ! Data Collection

The research team observed that there is clearly a negative All data was collected, entered, and stored for analysis in scalable minutiae matching algorithm to compensate for plastic ! Data Collection parental bias with regard to the collection and retention of accordance with established IRB rules pertaining to maintaining

g g p pdi t ti Thi t d l t h bl t f ll parental bias with regard to the collection and retention of accordance with established IRB rules pertaining to maintaining distortion. This stand-alone matcher was able to successfully

! Data Analysis children’s fingerprints in a database (as was necessary for this the security of privacy-protected data associated with the study y

t h ll fi i t i f h hild f ll f th ll ti ! Data Analysis children s fingerprints in a database (as was necessary for this the security of privacy-protected data associated with the study match all fingerprint pairs for each child from all of the collection study). While many organizations are successful in promoting of human subjects

g p pi d Alth h thi l ith i t il th MGM study). While many organizations are successful in promoting of human subjects. periods. Although this algorithm is not necessarily the MGM as

child ID cards that include fingerprints and demographic data, p g g y

i i ll i i d t th j t’ t th h t child ID cards that include fingerprints and demographic data, Id tifi bl d t l d t d t th d f th j t i originally envisioned at the project’s onset, the research team

none of these entities maintain a database of the child’s Identifiable data was also destroyed at the end of the project in g y p j ,th l bl t t th j t l b d l i none of these entities maintain a database of the child s Identifiable data was also destroyed at the end of the project in

d ith IRB id li nevertheless was able to meet the project goal by developing a informationA Cub Scout accordance with IRB guidelines. p j g y p g

f l th d f t hi fi i t f i di id l ft informationA Cub Scout participating in

accordance with IRB guidelines. successful method for matching fingerprints of individuals after a participating in g g pb f f thstudy enrollment numbe of years of growth.study enrollment y g

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