qalta wadraki saqartvelosi - gfsis

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Wadraks saqarTveloSi mravalsaukunovani warsuli aqvs. istorikosebis rwmunebiT, uk- ve VII-VIII saukuneebSi qarTvelebi Wadraks – msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze inteleqtualur TamaSs – kargad iyvnen dauflebuli. Wadrakis arsi bunebrivad esadageboda qarTveli eris brZoliTa da sibrZniT savse cxovrebas. moWadrakeTa brZolaSi xom mudam gonieri, marjve da mamaci mebZoli imarjvebs da swored amitom Seiyvara igi qarTvelma erma da Tavisi suli- eri cxovrebis nawilad aqcia. XII saukunis TxzulebaSi „visramiani~ kargad Cans sazogadoe- bis damokidebuleba Zlieri moWadrakis mimarT. poemis erT-erT gmirs Rirsebad uTvlian, rom igi aris „moWadrake mxiaruli“. amave periodis „amirandarejanianis“ mecxre karSi aRwe- rilia didebulTa lxini, sadac „zogni WadrakTa imRerdian“. qarTveli qalebi revaz gewaZe qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi 48

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Page 1: qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi - GFSIS

Wadraks saqarTveloSi mravalsaukunovani warsuli aqvs. istorikosebis rwmunebiT, uk-

ve VII-VIII saukuneebSi qarTvelebi Wadraks – msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze inteleqtualur

TamaSs – kargad iyvnen dauflebuli. Wadrakis arsi bunebrivad esadageboda qarTveli eris

brZoliTa da sibrZniT savse cxovrebas. moWadrakeTa brZolaSi xom mudam gonieri, marjve

da mamaci mebZoli imarjvebs da swored amitom Seiyvara igi qarTvelma erma da Tavisi suli-

eri cxovrebis nawilad aqcia. XII saukunis TxzulebaSi „visramiani~ kargad Cans sazogadoe-

bis damokidebuleba Zlieri moWadrakis mimarT. poemis erT-erT gmirs Rirsebad uTvlian,

rom igi aris „moWadrake mxiaruli“. amave periodis „amirandarejanianis“ mecxre karSi aRwe-

rilia didebulTa lxini, sadac „zogni WadrakTa imRerdian“.

qarTveli qalebi

revaz gewaZe

qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi

48

Page 2: qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi - GFSIS

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi

tradiciad damkvidrda mziTvad Wadrakis

gataneba. am mefuri TamaSis mimarT gansa-

kuTrebul interess qalebi iCendnen. cno-

bili italieli misioneri arqanjelo lam-

berti, romelmac 1630-1649 wlebi dahyo

saqarTveloSi, Tavis wignSi `samegrelos

aRwera~ (1654) wers: `Wadraksa da nards

ufro qalebi etanebian, vidre kacebi da

ise mardad da xelovnurad TamaSoben, rom

saucxoo sanaxavia~.

XIX saukunemde ar aris SemorCenili

cnobebi qarTvel moWadrakeTa Sesaxeb,

Tumca napovnia XII, XV, XVII saukuneebis

Wadrakis qarTuli kompleqtebi. 1877

wlis seqtemberSi TbilisSi daarsda Wad-

rakis moyvarulTa wre. XIX saukunis uZli-

eresi qarTveli moWadrake iyo andria da-

diani, romlis Semoqmedebasac 1892 wels

TiTqmis mTeli nomeri miuZRvna inglis-

urma saWadrako Jurnalma "Chess Monthly"-m.

amave drois uZlieres qarTvel moWadra-

keTa Soris iyo qalbatoni fotine Ciqova-

ni-asaTianisa. Wadrakis moyvarulebi iyv-

nen didi qarTvelebi: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki

wereTeli, vano maCabeli, niko nikolaZe,

kote mesxi da sxvebi.

XX saukunidan Wadrakis popularoba

etapobrvad izrdeba. Tbilisis qalTa

pirveli Cempionati gaimarTa 1927 wels,

xolo saqarTvelos pirveli Cempionati –

WadrakTan dakavSirebuli sakmaod saxaliso istoria aqvs aRwerili akaki wereTels `Cems TavgadasavalSi~, rodesac mamis xasiaTze laparakobs. akaki aRniSnavs, rom mamamisi, rostom wereTeli, `ganTqmuli moWadra-ke iyo, veravin ugebda~, da mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor miiwvia general-gubernatorma erisTavma igi TavisTan rus moWadrake polkovnikTan Wadrakis saTamaSod. ̀ aba Sen ici, Tu Seneburad gvasaxeleb qarTve-lebso~, – uTqvams general-gubernators. akaki gadmoscems rusi polkovnikisa da rostom wereTlis TamaSsa da maT Soris gamar-Tul saintereso dialogs, wagebuli polkovnikis ganawyeneba-sa da amaze qarTveli Tavadis pasuxs – `nardi, Wadraki da saTamaSoebi sasiamovnod da dros gasatareblad gamigonia CvenSio. xumrobac SeSvenis da mec Cemi qveynis Cveulebaze vdgavaro. da TqvenSi Tu sawyeni da gasajavrebeli yofila, CemTan ra ginda, isev TqvenebTan geTamaSnao~.

qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi

rostom wereTeli

andria dadiani(1850-1910)

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Page 3: qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi - GFSIS

vaxtang qarselaZe (1919-1966) – qarTveli mo-Wadrake, mwvrTneli, saqarTveloSi qalTa saWad-rako skolis fuZemdebeli. ssrk-is (1956) da sa-qarTvelos damsaxurebuli mwvrTneli (1957), sa-qarTvelos damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli. iyo pi-onerTa da moswavleTa respublikuri sasaxlis Wadrakis kabinetis maswavlebeli 1947-1966 wleb-Si. misi mowafeebi iyvnen nona gafrindaSvili, nana aleqsandria, e. kakabaZe, m. togoniZe, r. jinjixaS-vili, T. giorgaZe, i. Ciqovani, d. janoevi, a. boku-Cava da sxva.

1978 wels nona gafrindaSvili gaxda pirveli qa-li moWadrake, visac didostatis wodeba mieniWa. 1997 wels fides 68-e kongresis gadawyvetilebiT dawesda nona gafrindaSvilis saxelobis Tasi, sa-Wadrako olimpiadebze, romelic gadaecema qvey-nis vaJTa da qalTa gundebs saukeTeso jamuri Se-degisaTvis. 2001 wels misi saxeli mieniWa Tbili-sis Wadrakis sasaxles.

nona gafrindaSvili (daibada 1941 wlis 3 ma-iss q. zugdidSi) – qarTveli moWadrake, didosta-ti (1978). msoflios xuTgzis Cempioni (1962-1978). 11 gunduri da 9 piradi olimpiuri oqros mflo-beli. fides qalTa komisiis Tavmjdomare (1980-1986). saqarTvelos erovnuli olimpiuri komite-tis pirveli prezidenti 1989-1996 wlebSi, 1996 wlidan misi sapatio prezidenti. saqarTvelos Wadrakis federaciis prezidenti (2000-2002). Ta-visi Taobis msoflios uZlieresi moWadrake qa-li.

vaxtang qarselaZe da nona gafrindaSvili

1935 wels. bavSvTa sportskolebSi 1939

wels pirvelad gaixsna Wadrakis Semswav-

lelTa jgufebi. didi winsvla daiwyo 1950

wlidan, roca niWier gogonaTa swavleba

maSindeli pionerTa da moswavleTa sasax-

lis Wadrakis kabinetis Tavgamodebulma

mwvrTnelma vaxtang qarselaZem iTava. aq

aRizardnen: eliso kakabaZe, manana togo-

niZe, nona gafrindaSvili, nana aleqsand-

ria...

swored nona gafrindaSvili gaxda qar-

Tuli Wadrakis simbolo. man arnaxuli po-

pularoba moipova msoflios qalTa Wad-

rakis istoriaSi. igi daibada 1941 wlis 3

maiss zugdidSi. 13 wlisa, vaxtang qarse-

laZis daJinebuli Txovnis Semdeg, Tbi-

lisSi gadmovida sacxovreblad. swored

maSin daiwyo misi auracxeli warmatebebis

aTvla. 1956 wels moigo Tbilisis Cempio-

nati da imave wels saqarTvelos Cempionic

gaxda, fantastikuri SedegiT – 16-dan 15,5

qula!

1961 wels nonam didi upiratesobiT

moigo msoflio Cempionatis pretendent-

Ta turniri da ufleba moipova Sexvedro-

ilia WavWavaZe da ivane maCabeli

Wadrakis TamaSisas

50

qarTveli qalebi

Page 4: qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi - GFSIS

aqedan daiwyo qarTvel moWadrake qal-

Ta 30-wliani hegemonia msoflio Wadrakis

sadedofloSi, romlis ganmeoreba, al-

baT, SeuZlebelia.

1972 wels rigaSi gamarTuli matCi igi-

ve ala kuSnirTan metad daZabuli gamod-

ga, Tumca mainc nonas gamarjvebiT – 8,5:7,5

dasrulda.

1965 da 1969 wlebSi nona erTnairi anga-

riSiT 8,5:4,5 amarcxebs pretendent ala

kuSnirs da mesamed xdeba msoflio Cempio-

ni.

nona gafrindaSvilis warmatebebma uZ-

lieresi biZgi misca qarTvel moWadrake

qalTa Semdgom winsvlas. igi pirveli mo-

Wadrake qalia, romelic saerTaSoriso

didostati gaxda rogorc qalebSi (1976),

aseve kacebSic (1978).

ala kuSniri (1941-2013) – ebraeli moWadrake, 1974 wlamde gamodioda sabWoTa kavSiris saxe-liT. istorikos-numizmati, ssrk-is sportis damsaxurebuli ostati (1972), qalTa Soris sa-erTaSoriso ostati (1962) da didostati qalTa Soris (1976). Wadrakidan wasvlis Sem-deg muSaobda arqeologiaSi, iyo Telavivis universitetis profe-sori, israelis numizmaturi sa-zogadoebis samecniero mrCeve-li, Jurnal „israelis numizma-turi kvlevebis“ saredaqcio kolegiis wevri. avtoria axlo aRmosavleTSi numizmatikis Sesa-xeb gamocemebisa.

da maSindel msoflio Cempions, rus eli-

zaveta bikovas. qarTuli WadrakisTvis is-

toriuli matCi 1962 wels moskovSi gai-

marTa da 17 oqtombers 21 wlis qarTveli

geniosis gamarjvebiT – 9:2 dasrulda!

elizaveta bikova (1913-1989) – sabWoTa mo-Wadrake, qalTa Soris msoflios mesame Cempioni (1953-1956, 1958-1962), sportis damsaxurebuli ostati (1953), qalTa saerTaSoriso ostati (1950), saerTaSoriso ostati (1953) da saerTaSo-riso didostati (1976), profesiiT Jurnalisti da ekonomisti.

didostati yvelaze maRali wodebaa WadrakSi. nona gafrindaSvili iyo pirveli qali moWadrake, romelsac kacebis turnirebSi miRweuli warma-tebebis gamo mianiWes es tituli. pirveli iyo no-na da meore – maia CiburdaniZe.

qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi

ala kuSniri da nona gafrindaSvili

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1978 wels biWvinTaSi kvlav qarTuli finali gaimarTa. amjerad nonas tituls axalgaz-

rda vunderkindi, quTaisis saWadrako skolis 17 wlis aRzrdili maia CiburdaniZe ecilebo-

da. daZabuli matCi maias gamarjvebiT – 8,5:6,5 – dasrulda. am sensaciuri gamarjvebiT Ci-

burdaniZe im droisTvis yvelaze axalgazrda msoflio Cempioni gaxda.

1981 wels isev qarTuli finali! maia CiburdaniZe da nana alqsandria – 8:8. uSeRavaTo

brZola fred damTavrda da maiam Cempionis tituli SeinarCuna (gaimarTa q. borjomSi).

1984 wels pretendenti iyo irina levitina, Tumca maiasTan verafers gaxda – 8,5:5,5 – Ci-

burdaniZis sasargeblod. maiam amave wels miiRo saerTaSoriso didostatis wodeba mama-

kacTa Soris!

1988 wels kvlav qarTuli finali! amjerad erTmaneTs maia CiburdaniZe da nana ioselia-

ni daupirispirdnen. daZabul brZolaSi gamarjveba maias darCa – 8,5:7,5. CiburdaniZe, misi

didi winamorbedis msgavsad, msoflios Cempionis tituls mexuTed daeufla!

1986 wels igive bedi ewia pretendent elene axmilovskaias – 8,5:5,5 da maia kvlav msofli-

os Cempionia!

1975 wels msoflio Cempionatis finalur matCSi, biWvinTaSi, erTmaneTis pirispir pir-

velad warsdgnen qarTveli moWadrakeebi. amjerad nonas tituls nana aleqsandria Seeci-

la, Tumca verafers gaxda da nona mexuTed gaxda msoflio Cempioni! (matCis angariSi –

8,5:3,5)

nana aleqsandria (daibada 1949 wels q. foTSi ) – qarTveli moWadrake, didostati qalTa Soris (1976), ssrk sportis damsaxurebuli ostati (1971).

maia CiburdaniZe (daibada 1961 wlis 17 ianvars q. quTaisSi) – qarTveli moWadrake, didostati (1984), meSvide msoflio Cempioni. m. CiburdaniZe msof-lios xuTgzis Cempionia qalTa Soris (1978-1991), Wadrakis dedoflobis xangrZ-livobiT mesame iyo 14 wliT, CamorCeba pirvel qalTa Cempions vera menCiks, ro-melic Cempioni 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo (1927-1944) da nona gafrindaSvils (16 weli).

maia CiburdaniZe da nana aleqsandria

nana ioseliani

qarTveli qalebi

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irina levitina, nona gafrindaSvili da nana aleqsandria

qalTa WadrakSi saqarTvelosnairi warmatebebisTvis arc erT qveyanas ar miuRwevia!

samwuxarod, 1991 wels maia CiburdaniZis 14-wliani dedofloba Cinel didostat sie

ZunTan matCiT dasrulda – 6,5:8,5.

udavod calke unda aRiniSnos qarTvel moWadrake qalTa warmatebebi msoflio saWad-

rako olimpiadebze. 1980 da 1982 wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebSi mxolod qarTvelebi Ta-

maSobdnen da orivejer Cempionebi gaxdnen! damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdegac 1992,

1994, 1996, 2008 wlebis msoflio olimpiadebze oqros medlebs qarTvelebi daeuflnen. nona

gafrindaSvils 11 gunduri oqros medali aqvs (10 ssrk da 1 saqarTvelos nakrebSi), maia Ci-

burdaniZes – 9 (5 ssrk da 4 saqarTvelos nakrebSi), nana aleqsandrias – 6 (eqvsive ssrk nak-

rebSi), nana ioselians – 5 (2 ssrk da 3 saqarTvelos nakrebSi) nino guriels – 3 (samive sa-

qarTvelos nakrebSi), qeTevan araxamias – 2 (orive saqarTvelos nakrebSi). TiTo-TiTo oq-

ros medals saqarTvelos nakrebSi floben: nana ZagniZe, lela javaxiSvili, maia lomineiS-

vili, sofiko xuxaSvili da bela xotenaSvili.

magram amiT qarTvel moWadrake qalTa warmatebebi ar amowurula. aRsaniSnavia, rom

sabWoTa kavSiris Cempionis tituls 5-jer daeufla nona gafrindaSvili, 4-jer – nana iose-

liani, 3-jer – nana aleqsandria, TiTojer – maia CiburdaniZe da qeTevan araxamia.

irina levitina (daibada 1954 wels q. leningradSi) – sabWoTa warmoSobis amerikeli moWadrake qali, didostati (1976).

elena axmilovskaia (1957-2012) – rusi moWadrake, saer-TaSoriso didostati (1997). saWadrako olimpi-adebis orgzis gamarjvebuli (1978,1986), ssrk sportis damsaxurebuli ostati. 1981-1988 wlebSi cxovrob-da TbilisSi. 1988 wlis saWadrako olimpiadis dros colad gahyva aSS-is kacTa gundis kapitans jon do-naldsons da Sejibri miatova, mas Semdeg cxovrobda aSS-Si da iyo am qveynis samgzis Cempioni 1990, 1993, 1994 wlebSi.

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qalTa Wadraki saqarTveloSi