qartvel - tsu.ge 2009-n1-.pdfevs aqedan gamomdinare mosaxleobistvis umzimesi se-degebiturt da a. s....

Tanamemamule 1(32), 2009qarTvel

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mTavari Tema

kidev erTi istoriuli Sansi

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh zurab mWedliSviliniu-iorki, aSS

sakmarisia davxedoT saqarTvelos rukas, rom Tvalwin gadagveSleba gaube-durebuli qveyana! ase SevxvdiT 2009 wels! ori azri ar arsebobs imis Taobaze, rom 2008 wlis agvistos tragedia qarTveli kacisTvis samaradJamod mouSuSebel tkivilad darCeba, iseve rogorc 1992-1993 wlebis afxazeTis koSmari! am damarcx-ebaTa tragizmi imaSic mdgomareobs, rom igi CvenTvis gamodga basianis, Samqoris, didgorisa da sxva mraval saswaulebriv gamarjvebaTa Sebrunebuli varianti, roca erT qarTvelze aTi mteri modioda, magram qveynis gamgebelTa da mxedarTmTavarTa azriani da moxerxebuli xelmZRvanelobis wyalobiT da erTianobiT, mainc vima-rjvebdiT! Cvens suls axla mraval sxva sadardebelTan – daRupuli biWebisa da udanaSaulo adamianebis xsovnasTan, gadabugul da miwis pirisagan aRgvil qarTvel-Ta namosaxlarebze dardTan erTad, es qveSecneuli eWvic mosZalebia – nuTu ise davZabundiT, nuTu am gauTavebel hariharaleSi da erTmaneTis dRegrZeloba-lanZRvaSi ise dagviSra kacobisa da qveynisaTvis rainduli Tavdadebis mama-pa-piseuli sisxlis yivili, rom amieridan yvela uwmindurobam, visac ki moeprianeba, fexqveS unda Telos saficari qarTuli miwa?!

bediswera scdis saqarTvelos! praqtikulad, SiS-veli xelebiT vebrZviT uzarmazar da znedacemul ur-Cxuls! zogjer uimedoba gveZaleba da yofna-aryof-nazedac dagvafiqrebs. magram, faqtia: mterma Tu bevri ram Sescvala da daamaxinja qarTveli kacis xasiaTSi, misi sulis simtkices veraferi daaklo. albaT, gaxsovs, mkiTxvelo, Tu 9 aprilis dilas tragediiT SeZruli da umweobisgan sasowarkveTili erTi qarTveli Wabuki rogor urtyamda joxs rusul javSantransportiors. es kadrebi mTelma msofliom naxa. bevrma igi Seafasa, rogorc Cveni uZlurebis simboluri dadastureba – mteri tyviiT da tankiT modis, Cven ki joxiT vxvdebiT! magram simtkice da sulieri mxneoba, riTac qarTveli biWi Sexvda mters, erisTvis ufro Zvirfasi ganZi araa, vidre tanki da atomuri bombi?! qveynis ZlierebisTvis erTic kargia da meoreco – vityviT, magram saqmec isaa, rom yovelgvari iaraRis SeZena SeiZleba, sulieri simt-kicisa ki ara! axla swored is droa, sulieri simtkiciT rom unda aRviWurvoT. mizans aucileblad mivaRwevT, magram es ar iqneba brZolis dasasruli... me-17 saukunis dasawyisSi, kaxeTis aoxrebis Semdeg, Sah-abazma alaznis velze TurqmanTa tomebi Camoasaxla, romlebic Wian-WvelebiviT mravldebodnen. TiTqmis naxevari saukune icades qarTvelebma da baxtrionis ajanyebis warmate-biT dasrulebisTanave daerivnen maT da dedawulianad musri gaavles. igive Tu ara, msgavsi xvedri mainc elis qarTul miwa-wyalze CamoTeslil yvela separatistsa da moTareSe okupants!

es gardauvalia!!!marTali giTxraT, damoukideblobis mopovebis Sem-

deg, arc erT axal wels ar Sevxvedrivar ise damZimebuli suliT, rogorc axla. pirvelad, rusul films “bedis ironia, anu gaamoT” ver da ar vuyure! ar vici, ra grZno-biT Sevidnen saaxalwlod kinoTeatrebSi Tbiliselebi “bedis ironia 2-is” sanaxavad, ris Sesaxebac erTma qar-Tulma telekompaniam gvauwya pompezurad, ...albaT bevri icines, ara?! amasTan, bolo dros visac ar ezareba, yvela mosTqvams ruseTTan urTierTobebis aRdgenis aucileblobaze, raRac kulturuli kavSirebis ganax-lebazec bJutureben da es maSin, roca qarTul miwas ar SeSrobia brZolaSi dacemul gmirTa sisxli da aTi-aTasobiT gaubedurabuli qarTvelis cremli! aferum Tqven, politikosebo, ufro sworad, politikanebo da

e.w. saxalxo diplomatiis mesveurno! ZirSive ganwirul Tqvens wamowyebas samarcxvino fiasko elis win, iseve rogorc soxumis dacemis Semdeg kvlavac “demokratiu-li” ruseTis imedad darCenil qarTvel politikanebsa da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs! Semindos RmerTma da Semindos misma uwmindesobam da unetaresobam patri-arqma ilia meorem erTi faqtis gaxseneba: roca 1992-1993 wlebSi ruseTis aviacia soxums bombavda, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma oficialuri weriliT mimarTa ruseTis aw gansvenebul patriarqs aleqsei meores da sTxova, rom gamoeyenebina mTeli Tavisi avtoriteti da gavlena am barbarosobis aRsakveTad da iciT, ra moswera cxonebulma aleqsei meorem? graCovs davureke, magram is kategoriulad uaryofs ruseTis aviaciis monawileo-bas afxazeTis omSio! anu rusma patriarqma faqtobrivad gaimeora graCovis monaCmaxi, rom qarTvelebi TviTonve bombaven sakuTar Tavso! es miwer-mowera gamoqveynda imdroindel qarTul presaSi da yvelas aqvs saSualeba amoiRos da waikiTxos is usazarlesi pasuxi ruseTis patriarqisa! dagaviwydaT, kvlavac ruseTis “keTilSo-bilebis” moimede politikanebo, es samarcxvino faqti? an iqneb arc wagikiTxavT, an Tu waikiTxeT, ar CaTvaleT damaxsovrebis Rirsad? me ki, ratomRac dRemde maxsovs ara mxolod es, aramed sxva mravali da arcTu Soreuli sisaZaglec: agvistos omis dros ratom hqonda xma Cawy-vetili ruseTis sapatriarqos? ratom ar gamoexmaura saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Txovnas dagvxmareboda cxinvalSi mzis qveS dayril daRupul qarTvel meo-marTa droulad gadmocemaSi, romlebsac Semdeg osma arakacebma benzini gadaasxes da ise dawves, rom dRemde maTi identifikaciac ki ver xerxdeba?! Tu madloba unda vuTxraT mas mxolod im WeSmaritebis aRiarebisTvis, rom afxazeTis da Sida qarTlis eparqiebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sisxlxorceuli nawilia? naTqvamia, “damarcxebuls groSi gaqvs fasio”, magram Rirsebis SenarCunebac imaSi mdgomareobs swored, rom damarcxebulmac ar uCveno mters gacinebuli saxe da ar CamoarTva xeli...

...saqarTvelos istoriulad arcerT did mezobelTan urTierTobaSi ar umarTlebda da cxadia, arc ruseTTan gaumarTla. Crdiloel mezobels erovnuli xasiaTic mkveTrad gansxvavebuli aRmoaCnda, rac saxelmwifoe-briv urTierTobaSi meorexarisxovan rols ar TamaSobs.

kovboi jorjma stalinist vovkas mware “sanavTobo sila” gaawna


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cnobili rusi maTematikosi da breJnevis periodis disidenti igor SafareviCi werda: “ruseTis istorias adreuli Suasaukuneebidanve gansazRvravs zogierTi “arqetipuli” rusuli Tviseba: monuri fsiqologia, sakuTari Rirsebis grZnobis uqonloba, sxvisi azris Seuwynarebloba, boRma, Suri da morCileba sxvisi Zal-auflebis winaSe. rusebma odiTganve Seiyvares Zlieri, mkacri Zalaufleba da TviT am Zalauflebis sisastike. mTeli istoriis manZilze axasiaTebT Zalisadmi monuri morCileba. amitom, 1917 wlis revolucia ruseTis is-toriis kanonzomieri Sedegia, – ganagrZobs SefareviCi, – es revolucia marqsistuli ar iyo. marqsizmi rusebma daamaxinjes, gadaakeTes da gamoiyenes tradiciuli ru-suli Zlieri xelisuflebis aRsadgenad. revoluciis epoqisa da stalinizmis sisastikeni rusuli nacionalu-ri xasiaTiT unda aixsnas. stalini iyo friad nacion-aluri, friad rusuli movlena. misi politika ruseTis barbarosuli istoriis pirdapiri gagrZeleba gaxldaT. stalinizmi ruseTis istoriaSi sul mcire oTxi sauku-nis winaTac SeiniSnebodao,” ambobs SefareviCi da Cemis mxriv davZen, rom mas mxedvelobaSi hyavs ivane mrisx-ane da misi “opriCninas” (stalinuri -s Rirseuli winamorbedis) sisxliani periodi. cnobilia, rom xalxTa “beladi” len-inis Semdeg swored ivane mrisxanes miiCnevda Tavis maswavleblad da sinanul-iTac ki ambobda xSirad – “ivane mrisxanes kidev rva gavleniani rusi boiaris ojaxi rom amoewyvita, ru-seTi smuta-s (areulobas, qaoss) ascdeboda da ukve me-17 saukuneSi Camoyal-ibdeboda uZlieres impe-riado!”

axla, dRevandel si-namdviles davubrundeT da vTqvaT isic, Tu vin aris ruseTSi stalinisa da sta-linizmis upirvelesi apologeti? sworia, vladimir vladimiroviC putini, romelic konstituciaSi cv-lilebis SetaniTa da saprezidento vadis eqvsi wliT dakanonebiT ukve mimdinare 2009 wels apirebs preziden-tis savarZelSi kvlav mokalaTebas da ori vadiT, anu 12 wliT iq jdomas! ai, am pirwavardnili stalinistis ru-seTTan eqneba saqme saqarTvelosac da mTel civilize-bul samyarosac, Tu, ra Tqma unda, TviTon rusebma ar moiciles! amis saSiSroebas rom grZnobs korufciaSi CamxrCvali vovka putini da misi xrova, imitomac ixan-grZlivebs xelisuflebaSi yofnas, arada ekonomikuri krizisi da energoresursebze fasebis katastrofuli vardna, evropelTa mier gazis transportirebis al-ternatiuli gzebis gamalebuli Zieba mas rom Sav aRsas-ruls umzadebs, aSkaraa! metic, sakuTriv ruseTis fed-eraciis arsebobas emuqreba katastrofa, risi daCqareb-isTvisac (darwmunebuli brZandebodeT) dasavleTisa da uwinaresad amerikis Sesabamis uwyebebsa da samsaxurebSi ukve mimdinareobs gamalebuli mzadeba da muSaoba. ai, es moimko saqarTveloSi intervenciiT vovka putinma da misma morCilma rusulma sazogadoebam! an Tu vinmes hgonia, rom ruseTis safondo birJis daqceva, navTo-bsa da ferad liTonebze (ruseTis savaluto Semosav-lebis ZiriTad nedleulze) fasebis vardna mxolod ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegia da am saqmeSi amerikis da mis mokavSire dasavlel, Tu axlo aRmosavlel gav-

lenian samxedro-politikur-ekonomikur da finansur wreebs ar miuZRviT wvlili?! dRevandel msoflioSi SemTxveviT aRaraferi xdeba! Zalian mokle mexsiereba gvaqvs qarTvelebs: aba, gavixsenoT agvistos dReebSi, roca okupirebuli iyo gori, zugdidi, foTi da senaki, rusuli tankebi ki Tbilisidan 30 kilometrSi idgnen, ra ganacxada saqarTveloSi saswrafod Camosulma kon-doliza raisma? “gardauvalia is masStaburi poli-tikur-ekonomikuri sanqciebi, rasac ruseTis winaaRm-deg ganvaxorcielebT momavalSi Cvens mokavSireebTan erTad. dRes ki, upirvelesi amocanaa, ruseTis jare-bis dabruneba 7 agvistomde arsebul poziciebzeo”... amerikis saxelmwifo mdivnebi msgavs gancxadebebs haerSi tyuuilad ar isvrian da marTalia prezident buSis warmavali administracia mniSvnelovani gadawy-vetilebebis miRebaSi ukve SezRudulia, magram gamosam-Svidobeblad kovboi jorjma stalinist vovkas mware “sanavTobo sila” gaawna da Tan desertad “uZiro cisfer TvalebSic” (romelsac ase endoboda rva wlis manZilze) pilpili Caayara – ukrainasTan da saqarTvelosTan strategiuli partniorobis qartiis gaformebiT! ra Tqma unda, yovelive es barak obamasa da mis momaval ad-

ministraciasTan SeTanxme-biTa da TanamSromlobiT xdeba, romlis sagareo politikuri gundis mx-covanma mrCevelma zbignev bJezinskim gazeT “komso-molskaia pravda”-sTvis micemul interviuSi pir-dapir uwinaswarmetyve-la putinis ruseTsa da rusebs: “Tu Tqven kvlavac gaagrZelebT derJavnikul politikas, qveynis magier xrioki teritoriaRa Seg-rCebaT xelTo...” rogorc wesi, bJezinskis prog-nozebi marTldeba xolme

da sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom misi vaJi, politologi da analitikosi mark bJezinski hilari klintons mihyavs saxelmwifo departamentSi Tavis moadgiled! magram, Tavi davaneboT sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi mTavari ide-ologiuri mesaflavis prognozs, radgan Tavad saRad-moazrovne rusi eqspertebic kivian ukve, rom minimum erT weliwadSi ruseTs Sav-bneli momavali emuqreba, umuSevari darCeba 25 (ocdaxuT) milionamde adami-ani, gaCerdebian is sawarmoebic ki, romlebic pirdapir saxelmwifosgan finansdebian navTobdolarebis wyalo-biT, rublis kursi katastrofulad daecema, inflacia ki prognozirebuli 8,5 %-is nacvlad, 15-17% -s miaRw-evs aqedan gamomdinare mosaxleobisTvis umZimesi Se-degebiTurT da a. S. mosalodnelma katastrofam TviT sabWoTa politikis mixrwnili “patriarqi” mixail gor-baCovic ki gamoafxizla, romelmac ruseT-saqarTve-los omis Sesaxeb “si-en-en”-isTvis micemul ubinZures interviuSi imdeni tyuili Cmaxa, rom TviT putinsac ki gadaaWarba! mixail sergeeviCma sagangebo pres-konfer-enciaze pirdapir Tqva, rom “finansur-ekonomikuri kolafsi ruseTs umZafres politikur kriziss, saxalxo mRelvarebas, samxedroTa amboxebas, saxelisuflebo da oligarqiul klanebs Soris samkvdro-sasicocxlo da-pirispirebasa da TviT federaciis daSlasac ki uqad-iso!” Zalian kargi, mixail sergeeviC, jandabamdis gza gqoniaT da geqnebaT kidec. Zmrad amogivaT cxvirSi qarTvelTa sisxli da cremli!!! veRarc cxinvalSi eu-


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mTavari Tema

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Tos misiis gauqmeba da veRarc evropisTvis dasamizne-blad gamzadebuli “iskanderebi” giSveliT...

Cven ki, Cvens satkivarsa da saqmes mivxedoT da axla mainc SevecadoT politikuri krizisebisa da samoqalaqo dapirispirebebis Tavidan acilebas, miT ufro, rom arada ar daadga saSveli Sidapolitikuri cxovrebis mowesrigebas! ar vici, risi da visi imedi aqvT daSlil-gapartaxebul opoziciur Zalebs, romlebic unisonSi amtkiceben vadamdeli saparlamento da saprezidento arCevnebis Catarebis garduvalobas da agvistos mov-lenebSi calsaxad xelisuflebasa da prezidents adana-Sauleben! maTi gvarebis dasaxelebac ki, diskomforts miqmnis ukve imdenad gacveTili da arafrismTqmelia am subieqtTa “mWevrmetyveleba”. ubedureba is aris, rom maTi qmedeba kvlav ruseTis antiqarTuli propagandis wisqvilze asxams wyals da gamkiTxavi ki aravin aris! adrec miTqvams da gavimeoreb, rom an marTla jur-RmulSi unda cxovrobde, rom ruseTis politikasTan dakavSirebiT ver xedavde realurad rasTan gvaqvs saqme, an qveynis mteri unda iyo, rom rac putinma ver moaxerxa, zustad misi saqmis dagvirgvinebas cdilobde da prezidents, Tundac SenTvis miuRebels, dasamxobad imetebde! arc adre gavida es politika da arc momavalSi gava! mtris interesebis moedanze TamaSs ki arc xalxi da arc istoria aravis SearCens...

“... CvenSi patriotoba sxva Tvisebebisaa, sxva gvaris xasiaTisaa: igi ipyrobs mxolod wminda grZnobas mamu-lis siyvarulisas. visime siZulvili, visime daTrgunvis survili, visime gaubedurebis wadili masSi srulad ara ipoveba...” – werda iakob gogebaSvili. diax – “ar ipove-ba” dResac, TviT qarTvelTa sisxlSi yelamde mjdari afxazi da osi separatistebis mimarTac ki. ai, erTmaneTs ras vuSvrebiT qarTvelebi, amis Sesaxeb tomebi SeiZleba daiweros. es aris Cveni did ubedureba...

...me-8, me-9 saukuneTa saqarTveloSi arsebobda qarT-lis, tao-klarjeTis, egris-afxazeTis, kaxeT-hereTisa da Tbilisis saamiros damoukidebeli politikuri er-Teulebi, romelTac me-10 saukunis didma qarTvelma moRvawem giorgi merCulem erovnuli erTianobis aseTi formula mouZebna: “qarTlad friadi qveyanai aRiracxe-bis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvai yoveli aResrulebis”. cota mogvianebiT ki gaCnda termini “saqarTvelo”, romelic feodaluri saqarTvelos erovnuli cnobierebis mwvervalad iqca. SemTxveviTi ar iyo ioane zosimes sityvebi: “damarxul ars enai qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa mesiisa sa-wameblad, raTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos miT

eniTa”. qarTvel xalxs ase swamda. am rwmenam da garjam, erovnuli cnobierebis gamTlianebam politikuri cx-ovrebis sferoSi warmoSva didi saqarTvelo daviT aR-maSenebliTa da TamariT – ekonomikur-kulturulad dawinaurebuli! gamTlianebuli erovnuli cnobierebiT icxovra saqarTvelom X-XII saukuneebi. magram, iyo peri-odebic, romelsac gulismowurviT vixsenebT. Tundac me-15 saukune, roca politikurad erTiani saqarTvelo daqucmacebis gzas daadga da erovnuli cnobierebac daqveiTda. ar fiqrobdnen maSin viwro politikuri am-biciebiT Sepyrobili yvaryvare aTabagi, Semadavle da-diani da bagrat imerTa erisTavi TavianTi moqmedebis katastroful Sedegebze, roca cecxliT da maxviliT ebrZodnen erTiani saqarTvelos mefe giorgi XII-s. “saqarTvelos mesaflaveni” – ase uwoda maT akademiko-sma niko berZeniSvilma. am sameulma qveynis daqucmace-basa da saerTo erovnuli cnobierebis dasamarebas maSin mihyo xeli, roca saqarTvelos samxreTiT gamoC-nda Zlieri dampyrobeli osmalTa imperiis saxiT. iqi-dan moyolebuli, saqarTvelo verada veRar gaerTianda da ase daSlil-gaubedurebuli aRmoCnda ruseTis im-periis brWyalebSi. saerTo erovnuli cnobireba ki ise daeca, rom TviT me-19 saukuneSi aRmoaTqmevina did ilia WavWavaZes: “rom daiZaxo – qarTveloo, mxolod qarT-lis mkvidri, anu goris mazraSi mcxovrebi gamoixedavs, xolo Tu gaWirda, iqneb kaxelmac moRricos Sensken sxvili kiserio...”

dRes kidev erTxel gvcdis bediswera, radgan kvlav dayofilni varT, amjerad... nacionalebad, memarjvenee-bad, ruseTumeebad, leiboristebad, demokratebad, kon-servatorebad, kosmopolitebad, politikur meZavee-bad da politikur gvamebad, lumpen-proletarebad da biznesmenebad, glexebad da sankiulotebad da es maSin, roca mTlianobaSi qarTuli sazogadoeba aris kultu-ruli, ganaTlebuli, gacilebiT ufro patiosani, vidre politikuri istebliSmentia da ukve Seqmnilia situa-cia, roca sazogadoeba karnaxobs da momavalSi kidev ufro dabejiTebiT ukarnaxebs xelisuflebas ra gaake-Tos da ra ara! aseT viTarebaSi qveynis kidev erTxel arev-dareva mTlianad daangrevs miRweuls, rac mxo-lod mtris wisqvilze daasxams wyals! arada, rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSne, sakuTriv saqarTvelos mters elis sastiki realuri problemebi, rac, Tu Wkua gvaqvs da sul mTlad wyalwaRebulni ara varT, Cvenda sasikeTod da qveynis gasaerTianeblad unda gamoviyenoT. diax, is-toria kidev erTxel gvaZlevs gadarCenis Sanss, iqneb ukanasknelad...

P.S. statias vamTavrebdi, roca axlo aRmosavleTSi iseTi procesebi daiwyo, ramac SeiZleba umarTavi gaxa-dos situacia isedac SfoTiT mocul Cvens mezobel regionSi, rac ueWvelad gavlenas iqoniebs globalur msoflio politikazec! xdeba ki is, rom axlo aRmosav-leTi morigi omis dawyebis zRvarzea, rac SeiZleba gadaizardos prognozirebul civilizaciaTa global-ur dapirispirebasa da iqneb konfrontaciaSic (cno-bisTvis: civilizaciaTa Sejaxebis prognozis avtori, gamoCenili amerikeli politologi samuel hangTing-Toni axlaxan gadaicvala 81 wlis asakSi. ase rom, is moeswro am dapirispirebis dawyebis pirvel stadias. vgulisxmob 11 seqtembris teraqtebsa da Semdgom ganvi-Tarebul movlenebs). dRes es dapirispireba iudaistur, qristianul da islamur samyaroebs Soris gacilebiT sa-SiSia, radgan am konfliqtSi aqtiuradaa CarTuli birT-vuli iaraRis Seqmnaze realurad momuSave irani, rom-

lis mmarTveli aiaTolebi da banditi prezidenti Riad emuqrebian israels sruli mospobiTa da ganadgurebiT! arc israeli rCeba Teiranel fanatikosebs valSi da aq-tiurad amuSavebs (zogierTi dadasturebuli informa-ciiT, pentagonTan erTad) iranis birTvuli obieqtebis dabombvis gegmebs! am mRvrie wyalSi ki, rogorc yov-elTvis, “Tevzis daWeras” cdilobs ruseTi, romelic intensiurad amaragebs sxvadasxva tipis raketebiTa da iaraRiT israelis, rogorc saxelmwifos mospobisTvis mebrZol teroristul dajgufebebs – “hamassa” da “hes-bolas”; da metic, exmareba irans atomuri iaraRis Seqm-naSi da uaxles sazenito sistemebsac awvdis birTvuli reaqtorebis dasacavad. omi da ubedureba axlo aRmosav-leTSi ki, ruseTs Zalianac awyobs, radgan es usaTuod xels Seuwyobs navTobze fasebis kvlav zrdas. arada, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, misi samarTalmemkvid-re ruseTi, 1990 -ian wlebSi, praqtikulad mTlianad

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mTavari Tema

putin-medvedevis ruseTisdidi gegmebi

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fransuaza tomisorbonis universitetis profesori, safrangeTi

kidev erTi istoriuli Sansi

gariyes axlo aRmosavleTSi mimdinare procesebi-sgan da Sedegad, israel-palestinas Soris ramdenime damaimedebeli samSvidobo xelSekrulebac daido. ru-seTi axlo aRmosavleTis samSvidobo procesSi mxolod 11 seqtembris teraqtebis Semdeg CaerTo kvlavac, ras-ac did Secdomad uTvlian buSis administracias da pi-radad prezident buSs, romelic ase gulubryvilod miendo putinis “cisfer Tvalebs”. xolo kiTxvaze, Tu ratom ar myardeba mSvidoba wminda miwaze, pasuxi islamist teroristul dajgufebebs da maT mfarve-lebs unda mosTxovos saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobam da ara ebrael xalxs. axla iolia israelis samxedro qmedebebis dagmoba Razas seqtorSi, xolo roca amave seqtoridan ebraelTa erT-erTi udidesi dResaswau-lis “xanukas” dReebSi (da manamdec), raketebiT bom-bavdnen ebraelTa qalaqebs, amaze gaero da sxva saer-TaSoriso organizaciebi “ratomRac” ar reagirebdnen ise mZafrad, rogorc Razas mosaxleobis ubedurebaze reagireben. es maSin, roca aravisTvis saidumlos ar warmoadgens, Tu rogor moqmedeben palestineli ter-

oristebi. sacxovrebeli raionebidan uSenen israels raketebs da roca sapasuxo dartymas Rebuloben, mere mTeli msoflios gasagonad mosTqvamen ebraelTa “mxe-cobaze”! sxvaTa Soris, “hamasisa”da “hesbolas” es una-muso taqtika organulad SeiTvises kokoiTim da misma banditebma, roca cxinvalis sacxovrebeli korpusebi-dan uSendnen cecxls qarTul soflebs da adeqvaturi pasuxis miRebis Semdeg gaxrwnili rusuli masmediis saSualebiT amcnobdnen saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas “faSisti”qarTvelebis barbarosobis Sesaxeb...

...saerTod unda iTqvas, rom israelisa da saqarTve-los Sidateritoriuli problemebi sakmaod hgavs erT-maneTs da sainteresoa, rom ierusalimis yofilma vice-merma larisa gerSteinma niu-iorkis mediaSi pirdapir uwoda afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regions – saqarTve-

los “Razas seqtori” da “iudea”, anu teroristTa da banditTa mier kontrolirebadi raionebi. xolo radi-osadgur “exo moskvis” komentatorma iulia latininam, agvistos omis Semdeg ganacxada, rom ruseTma moaxdina saqarTvelos teritoriis “palestinizaciao”. vfiqrob, zusti Sefasebebia!

qarTuli krizisis yvelaze ufro gamwvavebuli fazis dros, dasavleli liderebi xSirad Ciodnen ruseTis ganzraxvebis gaumWvirvalobas. dasavleTis xelisufalni xSirad ver igeben ruseTis gegmebs, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom moskovis politikis analizisas isini saTanado yuradRebas ar uTmoben ide-ologiur faqtors. ruseTi miiCneva gzajvaredinze myof, swrafad ganviTare-bad qveynad, romelic imarTeba oligarqiuli klanis mier, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, ZiriTadad ekonomikuri miswrafebebi amoZravebs. gasul agvistoSi ruseTis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebulma agresiam mkafiod gamoaCina am TvalTaxedvis naklovanebani. dasavleTis liderebi ver xvde-bian, Tu rogor mentalur samyaroSi cxovroben rusi politikosebi, radgan yuradRebas ar aqceven im konceptualur CarCoebs, romelnic ganapirobeben ruseTis moqmedebas saerTaSoriso scenaze. winamdebare werilSi Cven Sev-ecdebiT naTeli movfinoT am konceptualur CarCoebs, raTa davasabuToT, Tu rogor xdeba maTi transformireba ruseTis strategiaSi.

“marTvadi demokratiis” legitimacia

putinis dros damyarebuli avtoritaruli sistemis ideologiuri legitimaciis mizniT, mmarTvel rgolebad gardaiqmnen is ideologiuri konstruqciebi, romelnic mravlad warmoiqmnen wiTel-mixakisferi, marginaluri dajgufebebisgan elcinis mmarTvelobis dros. elcinis periodidan moyolebuli, es evolucia yvelaze ukeT Cans dRevandeli ruseTis da ssrk-s rusul istoriografiaSi. sityva mivceT aleqsandre proxanovs, romelic uwin rusi wiTel-mixakisfrebis erT-erTi wamyvani ideologis rols asrulebda, dRes ki mis sityvebs ruseTis istebliSmentis udidesi nawili sruliad eTanxmeba:

“warmarTobis xanidan moyolebuli, ruseTis istoria aris ramdenime imperiis istoria. [...] pirveli, anu kiev-novgorodis imperia, dasustda ra mTavarTa TviTnebobis gamo, gaTelil iqna monRol-TaTar cxenosanTa fexqveS.

meore, – moskovis samefo, – daRupa Sida aSlilobam, rodesac regionebma sZlies centralizms, ris Sedegadac ruseTi ucxoeli gadamTielebis advili msxverpli gaxda. mesame, – romanovebis iperiam, – 300 weli gasZlo [...]. es imperia daiSala 1917 wlis TebervalSi, roca kvlav ima-rjves liberalurma faseulobebma. stalinma ruseTi maT-raxisa da gavarvarebuli SanTis meSveobiT ufskrulidan amoaTria. ase aSenda meoTxe, – sabWoTa imperia [...]. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ssrk daimsxvra liberalizmis darty-mis qveS. [...] 90-iani wlebis bolos da 2000-iani wlebis da-sawyisSi uaryofil iqna nacionaluri saxelmwifos arasi-cocxlisunariani idea. meore CeCnurma omma dasabami misca ruseTis imperiis aRorZinebas. separatizmis CaxSobis Sem-deg, kremlma federaluri olqebiT, anu Tavisi foladis marwuxebiT qveyana kvlav fexze daayena da regionTa kon-stituciebic Caaswora. xolo samxreT oseTis omma gvaCve-na, rom ruseTs xelewifeba dabrundes im zonebSi, saidanac

gagrZeleba, dasawyisi pirvel gverdze


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Tavisi sisutis epoqis dros gamogor-da. [...].”

es teqsti naTels hfens putiniz-mis safuZvlebs. mis Tanaxmad, yovel Tavisufal reJims Sedegad mohyveba ruseTis saxelmwifos rRvevis mo-makvdinebeli saSiSroeba. Tavisuf-leba migviyvans anarqiamde, anarqia ki saSualebas miscems ucxoelebs daanawevron qveyana da gazidon misi simdidreebi. amrigad, putinis sistema legitimurobis mopovebas cdilobs elcinis “demokra-tiuli” reJimisgan misi gansxvavebulobis xazgasmis meS-veobiT. vinaidan elcinis wlebma mZime mogonebebi datoves ruseTis mosaxleobaSi, putinis propagandam avdilad moaxerxa sabWoTa kavSiris rRveva da mas moyolili areu-lobebi dasavleTis SeTqmulebad gaesaRebina. gorbaCo-vis da elcinis epoqebis amgvarma “kritikulma” Sefasebam, bunebriv Sedegad gamoiwvia stalinisa da misi epoqis gada-fasebac. stalini, romelmac gardaqmna da axali suli Cah-bera ruseTis imperias bolSevikuri qaosis Semdeg, TiTqos migviTiTebs putinisaken, romelmac ruseTis rekonstru-qcia xelisuflebis vertikalis irgvliv moaxdina. orive SemTxvevaSi saWiro iyo demokratiis, rogorc sisustis gansaxierebis gasresva, romelmac TiTqosdac kari gauRo ucxoelTa intervencias. putinis, iseve rogorc stalinis dros, ruseTis gadarCena uzrunvelyofili iyo imiT, rom saxelmwifos birTvi SenarCunebul iqna. swored amas xsnis putini Tavis cnobil sityvaSi, romelic warmoTqmul iqna 2004 wlis 4 seqtembers, beslanis trage-diis Semdeg: “Cven dRes udidesi saxelmwi-fos kraxis Semdegdroindel epoqaSi vcx-ovrobT. samwuxarod, es saxelmwifo ar aRmoCnda sicocxlisunariani swrafad ganviTarebad samyaroSi. magram, miux-edavad yvela sirTulisa, Cveni Sevinar-CuneT im gigantis birTvi, romelsac sab-WoTa kavSiri erqva”. xsenebuli birTvis safuZvelze putinma da misma garemocvam ganaaxla saxelmwifos mzidi konstruq-cia – “xelisuflebis vertikali”.

imperia, rogorc “sasicocxlo saWiroeba”

Tumca, es yvelaferi mxolod dasawyisi iyo. saswrafod unda aRmofxvriliyo yvelaferi, rac civi omis Sedegad ruseTis damarcxebaze miuTiTebda. mas Semdeg, rac mosk-ovSi putinis xelisuflebam myarad moikida fexi da nav-Tobis gayidvis gziT Semosul dolarTa raodenobac mom-ravlda, kremlis xelmZRvanelebma “miwebis dabruneba” da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze rusuli gavlenis sferos aRdgena gadawyvites. maTi azriT, ruseTs mxolod imperiis saxiT SeuZlia arseboba, radgan “damoukideblo-bis da suverenitetis WeSmariti kriteriumi saxelmwi-fosaTvis aris is Zala, romelic mas, gansazRvruli Tu ganusazRvreli vadiT, sxva qveynebis damakavSirebel cen-trad da mamoZravebel birTvad gadaaqcevs”. postkomu-nistur wlebSi, TviTgadarCenisaTvis brZolaSi miRebuli mware piradi gamocdilebis gamo, ruseTis dRevandeli mmarTvelebi aSkarad ganicdian socialuri darvinizmis zegavlenas. ase, proxanovis azriT, imperia fufuneba ki ar aris, aramed sasicocxlo saWiroeba: “imperia Tavis garSemo saturnis msgavsad sakuTari usafrTxoebis sartyelebs qmnis. dsT-s qveynebs SeuZliaT mas SeuerTdnen, iseve rogorc nikaraguas da venesuelas: gana erT dros, eTio-

piamac ar moiTxova sabWoTa kavSirSi gaerTianeba? yovel imperias sivrcis Taviseburi aRqma aqvs. Cven unda davaC-qaroT ruseTisa da belorusiis gaerTianeba, mas davuma-toT afxazeTi, samxreT oseTi, dneprispireTi, yirgizeTi. maT ukrainac SeuerTdeba, Tu ki prodasavluri partiis samudamod dasustebas SeZlebs. Semdeg mohyvebian islan-dia da danarCeni qveynebi... sazRvrebi am gafarToebas ver SeaCereben. daiviwyeT maTi xelSeuxeblobis principi. sazRvrebi nebismieri imperiisaTvis cvalebadia, da Tu mas es SeuZlia, isini unda Secvalos kidec. rac ufro met sivrces gavakontrolebT, miT ufro naklebi Sansi gveqneba sxvebis saxravi gavxdeT”. Tavis droze zustad aseve werda hitleri Tavis wignSi “Cemi brZola”: “germaniam unda Se-Zlos sakuTari xalxis da maTi Zalebis gaerTianeba, rom sabolood gamoiyvanos is arsebuli mcire sivrcidan da axal teritoriebs daeuflos. amiT igi daixsnis sakuTar xalxs gauCinarebisagan da sxva erTa batonobisagan”.

putinis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis pirveli dRidanve, dRis wesrigSi dadga sabWoTa kavSiris ara mxolod aR-dgenis sakiTxi, romlis dacemasac is XX saukunis yvelaze did geopolitikur katastrofad miiCnevs, aramed sab-WoTa kavSiris mier 1945 wlidan dasaxuli ZiriTadi miznis ganxorcieleba ruseTis hegemoniis mTels evropaze ga-vrcelebis saxiT. amas adasturebs putinis 1999 wlis noem-bris mimarTva prezident klintonisadmi: “Tqvens xelTaa CrdiloeTi da samxreTi amerika, iseve rogorc afrika da azia. Tqven SegiZliaT evropa mainc dagviTmoT Cven”. gavixsenoT Tundac dumas sagareo saqmeTa komisiis Tavmj-domaris, dimitri rogozinis gancxadeba lord robert-

sonis misamarTiT: “nato ar unda gafar-Tovdes aRmosavleTiT. piriqiT, ruseTma unda gaSalos frTebi dasavleTis mima-rTulebiT”.

kremlis mmarTvelebi Tavdapirvelad varaudobdnen, rom 11 seqtembris ter-aqtebi xels Seuwyobdnen maTi geopoli-tikuri miznebis ganxorcielebas. isini imedovnebdnen, rom terorizmis winaaRm-deg brZolaSi ruseTis mxardaWeris sanacvlod, vaSingtoni evropasa da yo-fil sabWoTa sivrceze xels aiRebda. putini arwmunebda buSs, rom ruseTi aSS-

s gacilebiT ufro met daxmarebas gauwevda, vidre misi tradiciuli evropeli mokavSireebi. avRaneTSi saomari moqmedebebis xelSewyobis spekulaciiT, ruseTis mmarTve-lebi rbilad daupirispirdnen oms eraySi. amave dros, evropisa da natos daSorebiT gaxarebulebma, gaamxneves safrangeTi da germania monawileoba mieRoT avRaneTSi mowyobil samxedro operaciebSi. magram saqarTvelosa da ukrainaSi momxdarma feradma revluciebma, romleb-sac moskovi amerikuli SeTqmulebis Sedegad miiCnevda, am strategiis sruli fiasko gamoiwvia. rusuli revanSis wy-urvili amerikis winaaRmdeg am ambebis Semdeg kidev ufro gaizarda.

navTobze fasTa zrdam da moskovis mier dagrovil-ma uzarmazarma finansurma resursebma kremls axali strategiis SemuSavebaSi Seuwyves xeli. kremlze evropis qveynebis energetikuli damokidebuleba rusuli Zal-auflebis gavrcelebis mTavar iaraRad gadaiqca. amave wels, kremlma sruli kontrolis qveS moaqcia rusuli en-ergetikis seqtori. savaWro urTierTobebma evropis Ti-Toeul qveyanaSi ruseTs mniSvnelovani adgili mianiWa da sarfiani garigebebis gziT dasavlel xelmZRvanelebTan daaxlovebis saSualebac misca. kancler Sroderis daniS-vna CrdiloeT evropis gazsadenuri kompaniis aqcionerTa

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xano

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komitetis Tavmjdomared, am taqtikuri svlis yvelaze naTeli magaliTia. Tumca mZlavri ideologiuri safuZv-lis gareSe ekonomikuri interesebiT ubralo manipulire-bas mxolod mcire gavlena Tu SeiZlena hqondes. amitomac, ruseTis ideologiis mTavar iaraRad ZiriTadad buSis administraciis moqmedebiT gamowveuli antiamerikanizmi iqca. swored msoflio amerikuli Zalauflebis winaaRm-deg cdilobda ruseTi 2006 wlamde msoflio koaliciis Camoyalibebas. 2007 wels amerikaSi dawyebuli finansuri krizisis Semdeg ki rus mmarTvelebs Tvalwin axali per-speqtiva gadaeSalaT: – amerikuli hegemoniis dacema, romelsac yofili sukis eqspertebi jer kidev 1998 wels winaswarmetyvelebdnen.

Seteva amerikis winaaRmdeg

2007 wlis TebervalSi putinma miiCnia, rom ruseTi ukve sakmarisad Zlieria amerikis winaaRmdeg frontaluri Setevis dasawyebad. is erTdroulad elodeboda rogorc aSS-s dasustebas, ise mTlianad dasavleTis damarcxebas. aseTia miunxenSi 2007 wlis TebervalSi misi gamosvlis dedaazri.

amis Semdeg ruseTs isRa darCeboda aSS msoflio ek-onomikuri krizisisaTvis mTavar pas-uxismgeblad gamoecxadebina da Tavad Cadgomoda saTaveSi vaSingtonis winaaRm-deg amxedrebul msoflio laSqars. pu-tinis miunxenSi gamosvlis ZiriTadi arsi swored amaSi gamoixateboda: – es msof-lio antiamerikul blokSi gaerTianebi-saken mowodeba iyo. amjerad, antiameri-kanizmi SesaZloa rusuli Zlierebis gavrcelebis erT-erT qmediT instru-mentad gamxdariyo. bevri evropeli fiqrobs, rom sakuTari usafrTxoebis gamo ruseTi natos gafarToebas eWvis TvaliT uyurebs da kvlav sakuTari “kom-pleqsis” msxverplad rCeba. amnairad, maT mxedvelobidan gamorCaT ruseTis xelmZRvanelebis WeSmariti Sinagani zraxvebi. 2007 wlidan kremls sakuTari Tavi istoriuli qariSxlis SuaSi war-moudgenia. misTvis nato “ara samxedro, aramed Camqrali politikuri blokia”, romelic avRaneTSi aSkarad axdens sakuTari sisustis demonstrirebas.

kremli Setevas ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT axdens.

pirvel rigSi, unda aRvniSnoT misi ideologiuri gan-zomileba, sadac mTavar amocanad amerikis dasustebasTan erTad liberaluri demokratiisa da dasavluri Rire-bulebebis warumateblobis demonstrireba Cans. “dRes be-beri dasavleTi msoflios inteleqtualuri da moraluri lideris rols ver iTavsebs”, – wers karaganovi. “evropu-li koncefciebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dominirebd-nen nebismier inteleqtualur wreebSi. magram ramdenime TveSi maT aranairi Zala aRar eqnebaT”, – kmayofilebiT aRniSnavs molotovis SviliSvili v. nikonovi. sadResod, yvelaze ganviTarebuli modeli avtoritaruli kapita-lizmia, romlis warmatebul magaliTsac ruseTi da Cine-Ti iZlevian. rogorc ki dasavleTi zurgs Seaqcevs modi-dan gadasul anglosaqsur models, ruseTi mas sakuTari civilizaciis samyaroSi miipatiJebs. Tanac, evropelebs ruseTTan kidev erTi ram akavSirebs. es aris marTvadi ekonomikisaken swrafva.

rac Seexeba samxedro mimarTulebas, ruseTi acxadebs,

rom mzad aris evropuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad Seavsos yvela is sicariele, rac amerikuli sistemis evro-paSi dangrevis Sedegad warmoiqmna. 2007 wlidan ruseTi samxedro Zalebis xSir demonstrirebas axdens. igi civi omis tradicias daubrunda, kvlav SeiTavsa strategiuli bombdamSenis roli da gamudmebiT arRvevs natos qveynebis sahaero sivrceebs. paralelurad ki, sajarod yuradRebas amerikul sisusteze amaxvilebs. saqarTvelosTan war-moebuli omis siRrmiseuli arsic swored es gaxlavT. d. rogozinis gancxadebiT, es aris “msoflio lideris saxeSi Riad nasroli xelTaTmani”. amiT ruseTs aSS-s mokavSiree-bisaTvis imis Cveneba surda, rom sadReisod amerikuli kalTis qveS usafrTxod Tavis grZnoba yovelgvar realo-bas moklebulia. saqarTvelosTan omma “naTlad aCvena, rom erTpolaruli msoflio dRes ar arsebobs”, – kmayo-filebiT ganacxada lavrovma.

dasasruls, minda Sevexebo rusuli Setevis diploma-tiur aspeqts. ZiriTad amocanad am mimarTulebiT, isaxe-ba evropaSi yovelnairi amerikuli gavlenis aRmofxvra, romelic moskovis mier aRiqmeba rogorc rusuli hege-moniis evropul kontinentze gavrcelebis umTavresi xelisSemSleli faqtori. amasve adasturebs medvedevis iniciativa panevropuli usafrTxoebis kavSiris Seqmnis

Sesaxeb, romelic man 5 ivniss berlinSi oficialuri gamosvlis dros wamoay-ena. “evropis problema mxolod maSin iqneba mogvarebuli, roca igi ipovis sakuTar Sinagan Zalas misi ganuyofeli nawilebis meSveobiT, ruseTis feder-aciis CaTvliT”. ruseTis WeSmariti zraxvebi yvelaze naTlad Semdegi sity-vebidan Cans; “mniSvnelovania, rom evro-pis yvela qveyanam monawileoba miiRos momavali usafrTxoebis panevropul kavSirSi rogorc erovnulma saxelmwi-foebma, yovelnairi dajgufebis gareSe. unda dominirebdnen mxolod SiSveli erovnuli interesebi”, [...] “usargeblo ideologiuri motivaciebi” (anu fun-damentur TavisuflebaTa principebis dacva) gverdze unda gadavdoT”. rogorc vxedavT, xsenebul koncefciaSi rusuli

miswrafebebi daufaravad aris gamoxatuli: – ”erovnuli interesebis” dacvis sababiT mTlianad moeRos bolo ev-ropul solidarobas, ruseTidan energetikuli momarage-bis prioritetulobis gamo.

energetikuli usafrTxoebis satyuariT moskovs ganzraxuli aqvs CaiTrios evropelebi mis mierve Seqmnil pan-evropul sistemaSi. ruseTma Tavidanve sajarod ga-nacxada amerikis evropidan gandevnis survilis Sesaxeb: „gaugebaria, ramdenad aris vaSingtonis evropul sis-temaSi CarTva mizanSewonili?“. medvedevisTvis „atlan-tizmma Tavisi dro moWama. Cven unda visaubroT mTeli evro-atlantikuri sivrcis erTobaze, – vankuveridan vladivastokamde“. ruseTis mizani ara mxolod natos marginalizaciaa, aramed, TiToeuli qveynis „erovnul interesebze“ TamaSiT, romlebsac Tavad moskovi unda sazRvravdes TiToeuli maTganisaTvis (gavixsenoT, rom 1947 wlis bolodan evropeli komunistebi agitacias eweodnen marSalis gegmis winaaRmdeg „nacionalur inte-resebze“ an „erovnul damoukideblobaze“ apelirebiT), evrokavSiris moqmedebis blokirebac. natosa da evrokav-Siris msgavsad, ruseTi euTosac upirispirdeba. jer kidev 2004 wels rogozinma ganacxada: – „Tu euTos meqanizmi ar gvawyobs, maSin dRis wesrigSi am organizaciis likvida-


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ciis sakiTxi unda SevitanoT“. 2007 wels, putinma misTvis Cveuli „elegantobiT“ urCia euTos – „ar Seyon Tavisi turtliani cxviri ruseTis saqmeebSi“. 2008 wlis ianvar-Si ki, prezidentma medvedevma xazi gausva, rom evropis usafrTxoebis momavali xelSekrulebis xelmomwerebma, „xeli unda aiRon moqmedebebze, romlebic asusteben usa-frTxoebis saerTo sistemebs, da ar unda miiRon monawi-leoba kavSirebSi (igulisxmeba nato), romelebic mimar-Tulia sxva xelmomweri qveynebis winaaRmdeg“. medvedevis am iniciativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTi uda-vod evropis usafrTxoebis sistemis centrSi moeqceoda, riTac yovelgvari gamawonasworebeli Zalis gareSe dau-pirispirdeboda sxva calke aRebul qveynebs. is SeZlebda evropuli qveynebis sagareo politikis kontrols da ne-bismieri im gadawyvetilebis blokirebas (gansakuTrebiT energetikis sferoSi), romelsac is ruseTis interesebTan Seusabamod miiCnevda. amis garda, ruseTs xelSi Cauvarde-boda saSualebebi uzrunveleyo prorusulad ganwyobili Zalebis mosvla an darCena evropis saxelmwifoTa saTave-Si. am mxvriv friad TvalsaCinoa kremlis kritikosad cno-bili sarkozis transformacia ruseTis Tezisebis mkafio propagandistad, rac safrangeTSi prorusuli lobis siZ-liereze miuTiTebs.

axlaxans medvedevma aRniSna: – „SeuZlebelia imis war-modgena, rom ruseTma airCios erTi gza, xolo misma me-zoblebma, – meore“. gosdumis deputati sergei markovi kidev ufro konkretuli iyo: – „Cven ar aRvadgenT ssrk-s, magram ruseTi, romelic didi imperiaa, megobari qveyne-biT unda iyos garSemortymuli“. gavixsenoT, rom 1944-45 wlebSi, igive frazeologiiT amarTlebda stalini Tavis anglo-saqsonur partniorebTan molaparakebebis dros wiTeli armiis mier „ganTavisuflebul“ qveynebSi mis mier kontrolirebadi mTavrobebis dayenebas.

evraziuli imperia

kremlis gegmebi sruli sicxadiT gvevlineba, roca pa-ralelebs vavlebT ruseTis mier evropisa da postsabWoTa qveynebis momarT gatarebul politikas Soris. afxazeTi-sa da samxreT oseTis cnoba ruseTis presaSi moixseneboda, rogorc „XXI saukunis ruseTis istoriaSi yvelaze mniSv-nelovani movlena da WeSmariti dasawyisi ruseTis kavSi-ris, anu saxelmwifo-civilizaciis aRdgenisa, romelic Tavisi istoriis sxvadasxva etapze moskovis samTavrod, moskovis samefod, ruseTis imperiad da sabWoTa kavSirad moixseneboda“.

putinis dros, ruseTis mmarTvelebi cdilobdnen axa-li suli STaeberaT im organizaciebisaTvis, romlebic elcinis periodSi Seqmnil iyvnen postsabWour sivrceSi ruseTis gavlenis SesanarCuneblad, da romlebic, maTi funqcionirebisTvis saWiro Tanxebis naklebobis gamo, mxolod qaRalze-Ra Tu arsebobdnen. swored ase gaxldaT saqme Tavis droze taSkentSi xelmowerili dsT-s kole-qtiuri usafrTxoebis xelSekrulebasTanac. 2002 wels, xsenebuli xelSekrulebis institucionalizaciis safuZ-velze, Seqmnil iqna koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis xelSe-krulebis organizacia (odkb), romelic aerTianebs Semdeg xelmomwer qveynebs: somxeTs, belorusias, yazaxeTs, yir-gizeTs, uzbekeTs, ruseTs da tajikeTs. mxareebma ikisres valdebuleba, rom ar Sevidodnen kavSirSi da ar miiRebd-nen monawileobas aliansebSi, romlebic mimarTulia erT-erTi xelmomweri saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg. 2008 wlis 12 seqtembers prezidentma medvedevma ganacxada, rom odkb gardaiqmneba samxedro blokad, Stab-biniT moskovSi, magram „eqstrateritorialuri statusiT, briuselSi

natos Stab-binis msgavsad“. organizaciis yvela samiti moskovSi Catardeba. ruseTis xelisufalni Riad lapara-koben „natos sapirispiro organizaciis“ Sesaxeb. rogorc gazeTi „komersanti“ werda, „moskovs ganzraxuli aqvs, ga-daaqcios odkb samxedro blokad, varSavis xelSekrulebis msgavsad“. sergei lavrovis 2008 wlis 4 seqtemberis gan-cxadebis Tanaxmad, moskovs survili aqvs Seqmnas momava-li evropuli usafrTxoebis sistema, mniSvnelovanwilad swored odkb-s struqturebze dayrdnobiT. sxvaTaSoris, odkb-s wesdebis I paragrafi iTavaliswinebs organizaciis gafarToebis SesaZleblobas evropasa da aziaSi. amrigad SeTanxmeba, romelsac ruseTi evrokavSiris saxelmwifoe-bs sTavazobs, aris mxolod da mxolod koleqtiuri usa-frTxoebis SeTanxmebis gagrZeleba, romelic moskovma Tavs moaxvia zemoTCamoTvlil postsabWour qveynebs.

ekonomikuri krizisis gavlena

2008 wlis seqtembris Sua ricxvebamde, ruseTis presaSi da televiziaSi gamarjvebis eiforia ifrqveoda. kremlSi darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom krizisi zemoqmedebas mxolod dasavleTze moaxdenda. rom is sabolood gaanadgurebda amerikas, daaCoqebda evropas, xolo Tavad ruseTi ki Cumi melas msgavsad moizidavda kapitals dasavleTis qveyne-bis Seryeuli ekonomikebidan. vai, rom sul ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi kaleidoskopi Seicvala. ruseTis xeli-sufalni iZulebulni gaxdnen eRiarebinaT, rom maTi eko-nomika srulebiTac ar aRmoCnda iseTi myari, rogoradac mas rusuli propaganda da dasavleTSi moqmedi prorusu-li Zalebi asaRebdnen.

Tumca, rogorc Semdgom gamoirkva, Sinaganma kraxma arafriT ar Seasusta ruseTis sagareo politikis ambi-ciuri proeqtebi. amaJamad ruseTis propaganda cdilobs daarwmunos evropelebi, rom mxolod integrirebul ru-sul-evropul bloks SeuZlia gamoiyvanos evropis qveyne-bi krizisidan: „globaluri finansuri krizisi evropelebs arCevanis winaSe ayenebs. isini an amerikuli titanikis nar-Cenebs CaeWidebian, an uaryofen amerikul proteqtorats da gadaxedaven sakuTar prioritetebs maT aRmosavlel mezoblebTan, gansakuTrebiT ruseTTan... evrokavSiris qveynebma axla unda airCion, Tu vin iqneba maTi momavali strategiuli partniori da mokavSire“. saWiroa siCqare da yvelas faqtis winaSe dayeneba im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu amerika sakuTari Tavis aRdgenas SesZlebs: „evrokavSiris da ruseTis Zlieri aliansi, romelic Tavis irgvliv daa-jgufebs kaspiis auzis qveynebs, SeZlebda amerikis dasa-marebis garantis rolis Sesrulebas“. barak obamas prezi-dentad arCevam Tavdapirvelad moskovSi panika gamoiwvia: Tvalsa da xels Sua amerika msoflioSi isev popularuli gaxda, ris Sedegadac ruseTis diplomatiam dakarga Tavi-si mTavari berketi, antiamerikanizmis saxiT. Tumca, ro-gorc Cans, ruseTis xelisufalni maleve damSvidnen: maT miiCnies, rom obama gaxdeba amerikis „gorbaCovi“, rogorc es Jirinovskim ganacxada. mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu ras fiqroben amerikaze mis farglebs gareT, Tu amerika da-sustda da Tavis TavSi Caiketa. mokle vadebSi ruseTisT-vis umTavresia Tavis gavlenis SenarCuneba evropasa da dsT-ze. kremls miaCnia, rom vaSingtoni daTanxmdeba uari Tqvas postsabWouri qveynebis mxardaWeris politikaze, Tu moskovi iTanamSromlebs aSS-sTan iranisa da avRaneTis sakiTxebSi.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia dRevandeli ruseTis politikaSi krizisis gavleniT gamowveuli Sem-degi cvlilebebis danaxva: ideologiur sferoSi neosovietizmis aqcen-


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mTavari Tema

ruseTis qvecnobieri qmedebani

merab babuxadia,filologiur mecnierebaTa

doqtori, Tbilisi

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

putin-medvedevis ruseTis didi gegmebi

ruseTma dabomba saqa-rTvelo. bombebi Camovar-da ruseTis amRorZine-beli stalinis mSobliur qalaq gorSic ki. arada, cota xnis win, saerTo sax-alxo gamokiTxvis mixed-viT, ruseTis yvelaze pop-ularul adamianebs Soris stalinma erTpirovnulad aiRo pirveli adgili... ra fenomenia es? (manamde, karga xniT adre ruseTis yvelaze didi generlis, warmoSobiT qarTveli pe-tre bagrationis Zvlebi

dinamitiT amoyares borodinos velidan...). erTi SexedviT, ruseTisTvis TiTqosda “Cveulebri-

vi” es faqtebi Rrma analizs saWiroebs. iqneb aqac iyos Tavi da Tavi maTi sibecisa da saqarTvelosadmi aSkarad mtruli damokidebulebisa.

rusuli politikuri azri ufro emociuri mimar-Tulebaa, vidre inteleqtualur-racionaluri, rac Rrma reaqciaa erovnuli da religiuri kataklizmebi-sa, romelsac ruseTi dResac ganicdis da rac iZleva kidec gardauval rusul faSizms.

ratomRac aqamde ruseTi grZnobda seriozul msoflio kriziss, axali istoriuli epoqis dadgomas. putinma aRiara, rom meoce saukunis yvelaze didi katak-

lizma da politikuri kolafsi ukavSirdeboda swored sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas da daiwyo misi vulgaruli restavracia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom yvelaferi Ta-vis adgils daubrundeboda – gansakuTrebiT ki sab-WoTa kavSiri. ruseTSi imasac fiqroben, rom evropuli da amerikuli civilizacia moryeulia da uZluri maTi mcire ekonomikuri gaZlierebis fonze, rac slavi-anofiluri azris Zveli da gacveTili motivia. isini mwvaved ganicdian masStabebs, rac sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas mohyva da imasac, rasac misken mibrunebis ab-surduloba hqvia.

Zalian kargad esmiT, rom rusuli sakiTxi kul-turuli da sulieria da ara politikuri. Tumca politikosebi jiutad icaven ruseTisa da misi xalx-is Rirsebas im ginebis winaaRmdeg, romelsac mTeli msoflio da maT Soris rusebic iCenen bolodroindel movlenebTan dakavSirebiT. ruseTis mravali warmo-madgenlisagan msmenia, rom is daTrgunulia imisagan, rac xdeba saqarTveloSi da sircxvilis grZnoba ip-ryobs, rom is rusia warmoSobiT. denacionalizaciis procesi gardauvali iqneba ruseTisaTvis momavalSi. isini Seecdebian uari Tqvan rusobaze, Tu ase gagrZel-da.

dRes ruseTi cxovrobs kulturisa da sazogadoe-brivi cxovrebis yvela sferos dehumanizaciis piro-bebSi. dehumanizirebuli xdeba moraluri cnobiere-ba. adamiani iq karga xania aRaraa umaRlesi arseba, is saerTod faseulobas aRar warmoadgens. im fonze, rac CeCneTis omSi moxda rusi jariskacebis mimarT

ti mTlianad SenarCunebulia, Tumca, iseve rogorc 1996 wels, socialuri problemebis SiSiT kremlis oligarqiam kvlav gadawyvita ruseTis mosaxleobisTvis bolSevizmis daundoblobis Sexseneba. swored amiT aixsneba is garemo-eba, rom ruseTis oficialuri media xSirad avrcelebs an-tikomunistur gadacemebsac. amave dros, imperialisturi ideologiis erT-erT mTavar veqtorad yalibdeba krem-lis mier kontrolirebadi ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesia. rusuli elitis nawilisTvis, ekonomikuri kri-

zisi me-5 imperiis Seqmnis ormag saSualebas iZleva. erTis mxvriv, krizisi dsT-s qveynebis dasustebisa an sruli kra-xis imeds aCens. es ki, maTi azriT, xels Seuwyobs moskovs moaxdinos dsT-s ekonomikuri integracia, rac postsab-WoTa sivrceze kremlis sruli politikuri kontrolis aRdgenis winapirobaa. amitomac, zogierTi rusi eqsper-tis rCeviT, saWiroa gavlenis sferoebis medvedeviseuli strategiis komuflireba mravalmxrivi integraciis ter-minologiiT, rac politikurad ufro koreqtuli da mi-saRebi iqneboda dasavleTisaTvis. meores mxriv, krizisis gamo dasavleTi dsT-s mimarT ruseTis aseT politikaze ufro nakleb reagirebas moaxdens. a. proxanovi dRevan-del ruseTs adarebs axalgazrda sabWoTa respublikas, romelmac SimSilis, Sida aSlilobisa da mwvave deficitis

miuxedavad imperiis aRdgena moaxerxa, radgan antantas qveynebi pirveli msoflio omis gamo daqanculni da para-lizebulni iyvnen. sxva eqspertTa TvalsazrisiT, krizisi aiZulebs

moskovs mniSvnelovnad SezRudos sakuTari ambiciebi. gansakuTrebiT dasavleTSi, sanam fasebi energomatareb-lebze isev ar gaizrdebian da ar miscemen ruseTs axal po-ziciasa da Zalas. 5-6 dekembris euTos helsinkis samitma ruseTze civi Sxapis efeqti moaxdina: - medvedeviseuli proeqti axali evropuli usafrTxoebis sistemis Sesaxeb dasamarda. ruseTma ixila evropaSi misi gavlenis swrafi vardna. es axali realoba eWvgareSe gaaZlierebs kremlis SigniT imaT poziciebs, visac surs prioriteti moaniWos postsabWoTa sivrcis aTvisebas.

dRes, rodesac krizisis Sedegebma Tavis piks jer kidev ar miaRwies, Znelia dabejiTebiT iTqvas Tu ra mimarTu-lebiT wava ruseTi. Tumca urigo ar iqneboda istoriuli precedentebis gaxsenebac: orjer, – 1917 da 1989 wlebSi, rodesac ruseTs miaCnda, rom ambiciuri eqspansionistu-ri proeqtebis ganxorcielebisagan ori nabiji-Ra aSo-rebda, is moulodnelad Searyia Sinaganma politikurma kataklizmebma. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseTive bedi ewios putin-medvedeviseul saxelmwifosac.

gagrZeleba, dasawyisi me-4 gverdze

frangulidan Targmnes sinta depondtma (londoni) da eka xijakaZem (parizi)


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Tavad ruseTis sardlobis mier, sruliad naTeli gax-deba naTqvami (tyveebze arzrunva, daWrilebis mimarT gulgriloba da gardacvlilebis ignorireba – spe-cialurad gadacemac ki gaakeTes “ia iSCu webia”, sadac gadareuli rusi dedebi TavianTi Svilebis fotopor-tretebiT idgnen gaognebulni, romlebic omSi ugzo-ukvlod iyvnen dakargulni): “bei svaix, Ctob CuJie baialis”. dehumanizacia fatalurad gadadis anti-humanizmSi, romelsac uciloblad mosdevs adamianis uaryofa. adamianis, konkretuli pirovnebis fenomeni ruseTSi isedac ar idga maRal doneze, es jer kidev markiz de kiustens aqvs SeniSnuli. saerTod, ara mar-to ruseTSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi xdeba masobriv kulturaSi kompiuteris mZlavri SeWra, rac adamians imonebs da amsgavsebs manqanas. ruseTSic SeaRwia man. adamianoba kargavs TavisTavs. is interesdeba sazoga-doebrivi wyobiT da ara adamianis Sinagani bunebiT. amitom adamianuroba fatalurad iRupeba da ver up-irispirdeba misi dakargvis process. rogorc viciT, sicariele raRaciT unda Seivsos. ruseTma TiTqos ga-iara gza refleqsiisa da civilizaciisa, magram bolo-droindelma saqarTvelosTvis miyenebulma dartymeb-ma msoflios daanaxa, rom is iseTive barbarosulia, naivuri, instinqtebze damyarebuli da gaucnobiere-beli mxeci. esaa aprobirebuli Tanamedrove nacizmis ukiduresi forma, romelic araadamianobis umaRles doneze miuTiTebs. Tu ruseTTan ar moindomeb yofnas, maSin ise mogeqceva, rogorc surs. ruseTi simarTli-saken swrafvas yovelTvis Zalauflebisken ltolvas amjobinebda da amjobinebs. metic, Tavis Tavze maRla ayenebda Zalauflebas da SeeZlo gaewira mTeli Tao-bebic ki amisaTvis.

propragandis wyalobiT, ruseTma moaxerxa atavis-turi instinqtebis gaRviZeba da maTi samsaxuri maseb-Si. omma “WamaSi mada moiyvana” da gaiRviZa rasobrivma, nacionalisturma, Zalauflebisa da Zaladobis in-stinqtebma. masSi gaiRviZa plebeurma sulma, romelic yovelgvar keTilSobilebas aris moklebuli. aman, Ta-vis mxriv, imoqmeda qristianuli moralis dacemaze da, ai, goris samxedro bazaSi eklesiac ar daindes “mar-Tlmadidebelma TanamoZmeebma”.

rusuli Sovinizmi rusuli erovnuli sulis avad-myofobis kidev erTi saukeTeso gamoxatulebaa. mas aranairi “oqros Sualedis” niSatic ki ar atyvia. is an saerTod uaryofs rusobas, emijneba samSoblos da Ta-vis enas, an kidev rusuli gansakuTrebulobiTa da sxva xalxebisa da erovnebebis (“nacmenebis”, “ararusebis” es maTi terminebia. m. b.) dabali rasisadmi mikuTvnebas RaRadebs. araisteriuli mas araferi ZaluZs. es iste-ria gadmoiRvreba xolme maT propagandaSi, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi, rbilad rom vTqvaT, amazrzenia. ga-SiSvlebuli tyuili – ai, maTi iaraRi da Sedegi So-vinizmis arnaxuli masStabebisa.

rusul xasiaTze Zlier moqmedebs ukideganod gaSlili sivrce da rusuli stiqia, romelic ganfe-nila usasrulobamde. ukideganod Camouyalibebel na-cionalur stiqias emorCileba rusuli suli. adamian-ebi adgilis dedasTan Sinaganad arian dakavSirebulni da SemTxveviTi ar aris maTi ama Tu im geografiul arealSi cxovreba. amdenad, e. w. farTo rusuli suli (Sirokaia ruskaia duSa) ara marto “step da step kru-gomaa” da SesaniSnavi rusuli xalxuri simRerebi da folklori, aramed ukidegano SeiaraReba da “vladi-mirobac”. adgilis dedaSic medlis ori mxare Wi-

atebs... maxsendeba erTi rusi megobris dialogidan: “indoeTis okeaneSi gasasvleli xom gvinda? – momigo gakvirvebiT. myisve vupasuxe – okeanes xom xmeleTic mosdevs? – myisveve damibrunda pasuxi – magaze ad-rea, merec SeiZleba fiqri...” aqedan, rodesac wamyvan qveynebSi ocdameerTe saukunis iaraRzea saubari, gviCveneben xolme humanur avtomatebs – is isvris, magram ar klavs. Cveni marTlmadidebeli eri ki gviw-vavs puris yanebsa da unikalur nakrZal tye-parkebs. rusuli suli mieltvis, raTa aqac iyos “step da step krugom”...

rusuli sulisTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve sikvdilTan gaTamaSeba da sikvdiliT kmayofileba. na-kleb Tu afasebs rasme, radganac mWidrod araferTan-aa dakavSirebuli (garda imperiis didebisa da misi Zl-evamosilebis ideisa). is kulturaze da tradiciebze naklebadaa mijaWvuli. ver Seumecnebia Tavisive kul-tura da Zalian iolad gadaaqvs kulturuli krizisi, rac badebs rusisTvis damaxasiaTebel nihilizms. es Zalian saSiSia, radganac SeuZlia daemorCilos radi-kalur eqsperimentebs; SeuZlia uari Tqvas yvelafer-ze, oRond imperia hyavdes kargad (gavixsenonT zemoT aRniSnuli saSineli gamoTqma, romelic arc erT sxva xalxs ar gaaCnia “dascxe Senianebs, rom sxvebs SeeSi-ndeT”) da sakuTars ar daindobs an, putinis TqmiT, TviT “oCen blizki po duxu nam narodsac”.

adrec da dResac xalxosnoba rusuli sulis orig-inaluri pirmSoa da xalxze apelireba politikis ganuyofeli nawilia (samwuxarod, arc saqarTveloa amisagan Sors). aravin kiTxulobs, rasTanaa dakav-Sirebuli xalxis idealizacia, romelic mis Tayvanis-cemamdec ki midis, xalxSi WeSmaritebisa da RmerTis Ziebis CaTvliT. ra Tqma unda, xalxosnoba niSania ruseTis kulturuli Sris sisustisa, romelsac Ta-visi misiis SegrZneba ar gaaCnia. esaa muJikuri qveyana mis yvela fenaSi, sustad ganviTarebuli klasebiT, mcire da Zalze susti umaRlesi kulturuli feniT, saxelmwifo aparatis hipertrofiiT. es elitaruli umciresoba imRvreva, ereva muJikur da saldafonur wyvdiadSi da aminds verc qmnida da verc verasdros Seqmnis. amdenad, is paTologiurad tragikuli nawil-ia sazogadoebisa da jansaR Zalad ver CaiTvleba. is iWyliteba calkerZ saprezidento da, meore mxriT, muJikur-saldafonur stiqiebSi. sulieri TviTgadar-Cenis instinqtze dayrdnobiT is aidealebs xan erT da xan meore fenas an orives erTad da masSi dasayrdens eZiebs. amdenad, imis imedi, rom rusuli kulturuli fenebidan qmediT daxmarebasa da mxardaWeras unda ve-lodeT, moklebulia yovelgvar azrs. yvela gakvirve-buli iyo dabombvis dReebSi, Tu sad iyo CvenTvis ase axlo mdgomi da megobari kulturuli ruseTi? is am stiqiebis marwuxebSia moqceuli da ar SeuZlia maT wi-naaRmdeg wasvla.

mesianizmis idea, romelic rusma xalxma memkvi-dreobiT bizantielebisagan miiRo, gamoricxavda erovnul gansakuTrebulobas; is iyo msoflio, uni-versaluri Semecneba msoflios xalxTa gadarCenisa. magram ruseTma ver moaxerxa mesianizmis gamijvna na-cionalizmisagan da gansakuTrebiT saSiSi mas Semdeg gaxda, rac arnaxulad gaZlierda militaristuli TvalsazrisiT. mesianizmi yvelafris gamarTlebaa, amitom vinc ar iqneba mesiasTan, is unda daisajos, mag-aliTad, am SemTxvevaSi – saqarTvelo. mesame romi Ta-vis saqmes kvlav agrZelebs. es ukve saSiSia! SOS!


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afxazeTi - saqarTveloaase iyo da ase iqneba !

dResdReobiT Cveni samSoblo – saqarTve-lo umZimes dReSia. an-tiqarTulma Zalebma – “skviTebma” (=ruseb-ma) miaRwies imas, rom saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili - afx-azeTi da centraluri nawilis – Sida qarTlis CrdiloeTi (anu samaCa-blo, igive e. w. “samxreT oseTi”) mtrebis xelSia da gamoyofilia saqarT-velosagan. afxazeTi da afxazi Sua saukuneebSi

afxazeTSi ar arsebobda kultura garda qarTulisa, garda “vefxistyaosnis” kulturisa”.4 marTlac, Zvel afxazTa sruli qarTuli eTno-kulturuli Segnebis mauwyebeli unda iyos is, rom rodesac afxazTa mTavarma leon II-m VII s-is bolos mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo “daipyro”, gaaerTiana da Seqmna “afxazTa samefo”, qarTuli swored am droidan iqca saxelmwifo da saeklesio enad, nacvlad berZnulisa. am “dampyrobTa” metyveleba adiRo-Cerqezuli tipis rom yofiliyo, saxelmwifo enad swored mas danergavdnen da ara “dapyrobili” xalxisas – qarTuls; magram rogorc Cans, afxazebi eTno-kulturulad qarTvelebi iyvnen. aki akad. T. gamyreliZe eTnonim afxazs qarTulad Tvlis.5 sxvaTa Soris, metnaklebad obieqturad ganwyobili rusi mkvlevari grafinia p. uvarova afxazebs eTnikuri niSniT qarTvelebs akuTvnebda, Tumca isic uwyoda, rom im dros afxazuri “yabardoulis msgavsi” ena iyo. igi wers:

ukve XI-XII ss-Si ucxo avtorebi am erTianobas aRi-arebdnen. mag. Sirvaneli poeti xakani Sirvani werda: “trfobiT Seni TeTri saxis da kavebis, mas rom amkobs, afxazeTSi davesaxle da qarTulad vlaparakob.” 6 bi-zantieli filosofosis da komentatoris ioane ceces (XII s.) mixedviT, iberebi da abazgebi erTi tomisani arian.7

zemoTqmulidan, vfiqrobT, Cans, rom Sua saukuneTa da XIX s-is I naxevris afxazTa eTno-kulturuli cno-biereba iseTive iyo, rogoric sxva qarTuli tomebisa Tu kuTxeTa. igi gadaajiSa bolo 150 wlis manZilze rusulma imperiulma politikam: afxazeTis eTnikuri ruka aaWrela da gadaagvara, afxazTa mozrdili nawi-li TurqeTSi gandevna (mohajiroba) da maT adgilas rusuli (kazakuri) da somxuri dasaxlebebi Seqmna. sab-WoTa periodSi ki piriqiT, afxazTa (ufro zustad af-suaTa) ricxvs xelovnurad zrdian Crdilo kavkasiel abazas tomis xarjze. abazebi dRevandel afsua-afxaz-Ta monaTesave enaze metyveleben, magram sruliad gansxvavdebian istoriul afxazTa eTno-kulturuli cnobierebisagan. isini ZiriTadad cxovrobdnen yara-Cai-CerqezeTis avtonomiur olqSi. rogorc rusi mkv-levarebi n. volkova da d. lavrovi 1968 w. gamocemul naSromSi weren: “..30-ian wlebSi abazTa nawili yubanis auzidan gadaasaxles afxazeTSi, sadac gadmocemis Tanaxmad, uZveles droSi TiTqos cxovrobdnen maTi winaprebi. maSinve abazTa sofel Saxgireevskoes saxe-li gaadaarqves “afsuad” e.i. afxazebad, Tumca aq arc erTi afxazi ar cxovrobda”.8

enaTmecnierma q. lomTaTiZem aSxarel abazTa afxa-

� n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb. 1990, gv. 611.� T. gamyreliZe. Zveli kolxeTis satomo saxelTa istorii-dan “afxaz-abazg da abaza-afsua.� “cxumi” # 1 (5). gv. 55.� ioane cece

noe afxazava,istoriul mecnierebaTadoqtori, Tbilisi

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

da Semdgomac, TiTqmis “gasabWoebamde” saqarTvelos, qarTvelis tolfasi terminebi iyo. dRes qarTul-afxazuri (afsuuri) da qarTul-osuri urTierTobani garTulebul-daZabulia, magram ase iyo Tundac 100-200 wlis winaT? TviT erT-erTi rusi avtori n. durn-ovo werda, rom “ruseTSi 1885 wlidan cdilobdnen os-ebisa da afxazebis qarTvelebze misisinebas”.1

aqve msurs mogiTxroT afxazTa eTnikuri cno-bierebis amsaxveli, farTo sazogadoebisaTvis uc-nobi, qronologiurad SedarebiT gviandelი faqtebi. am mxriv XIX s-is ramdenime saintereso monacemi gvaqvs. mRvdelmonazoni antoni (mTawmindeli) “mRvdel sqimmonazvnis ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi” mogviTxrobs:2 “aTonis mTaze myofi mama ilarioni 1822 wels Turqebma Seipyres, rogorc ajanyebul ber-ZenTa Tanamoazre da dasasjelad warmoSobiT afxaz or mcvels gadasces. roca maT gaiges, rom mama ilari-oni qarTveli iyo, gancvifrebiT xeli xels Semokres da wamoiZaxes – es ar moxdeba, Cveni Tavis moWraa, qa-laqSi gamoCenasac ver SevZlebT, xalxi ityvis, Zlivs am mxareSi erTi Tanamemamule gamouCndaT da isic sikvdiliT dasajeso. es Cveni samudamo sircxvili iqneba”. daakvirdiT, mkiTxvelno, osmalTa (TurqTa) samsaxurSi myofi afxazebi qarTvelze amboben, Ta-namemamuleo.

aseve mravlismTqmelia XIX s-is bolos isev TurqeT-Si (osmaleTSi) dafiqsirebuli ambavi. stambulis ka-vkasiur kafe-restoranSi mohajiri afxazi da Turqi kamaToben. Turqi eubneba afxazs: “ras warmoadgendiT Tqvens samSobloSi, sakuTari alfaviti, sakuTari damwerlobac ki ar gqondaT”. TurqisTvis afxazs upa-suxia: “Cveni alfaviti qarTuli alfaviti iyo”.3

daaxloebiT amave droisTvis afxazTa qarTuli eTnikuri cnobierebis faqti moyvanili aqvs akad. n. berZeniSvils. esaa aleqsandre ServaSiZis protesti rusi moxeleebisadmi: da rogorc dasZens mecnieri: “saSualo saukuneebSi

� n. durnovo, qarTuli eklesiis bedi. “ganTiadi”, # 10, 1990 w. gv. 76.� mRvdelmonazoni antoni (mTawmindeli), mRvdel sqimmon-azvnis ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis nark-vevebi, Tbilisi, 1993 w. gv. 33.

�9��, gv. 35.


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saqarTvelo da vainaxebi

zeTSi gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb icis (q. lomTaTiZe, afxa-zuri da abazuri enebis istoriul-SedarebiTi anali-zi I, Tb. 1977 w. gv. 12), magram uzustobas uSvebs, roca miiCnevs, rom abaza aSxareli “Tavis Tavs afsuasac anu afxazsac uwodebs”. aseve mkvlevari g. aleqseeva wers: “rogorc samarTlianad aRniSnavs d. lavrovi, q. lom-TaTiZis mtkiceba imis Sesaxeb, rom “Crd. kavkasiaSi afxazuri tomebi (rogorc is uwodebs abazelebs) Ta-visTavs uwodeben afsuas”, ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. mivuTiTebT, rom aul afsuas, yofil Saxgirevskoes ase daerqva mxolod sabWoTa xanaSi”.9 arada, am uzusto-bas kvlav imeoreben, amjerad ukve antikuri istori-is specialisti qalbatoni m. inaZe: “Crdilo kavkasiis afxazTagan mxolod mdinare zelenCukis velze mobi-nadre aSxarelTa sami sofeli uwodebs TavisTavs “af-

suas”.10 sinamdvileSi aSkaraa, rom afxazTa eTnosi iq ar binadrobs, iq cxovrobs “abazas” saxeliT cnobili xalxi, romelTa ena dRevandel afsuaTa enis monaTe-savea, rac kvlav adasturebs, rom dRevandeli afsua-”afxazebi” Crdilokavkasiidan gadmoixvewnen gvian SuasaukuneebSi. Tanac es procesi SemdgomSic mimdi-nareobda. aki imave rus mecnierTa cnobebiT, sabWoTa periodSi, 30-ian wlebSi abazTa nawili (ramdeni vin icis?) yubanis xeobidan gadmousaxlebiaT saqarTve-los Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, afxazeTSi: arada yve-la antiqarTuli informaciis saSualeba gvimtkicebs, rom “stalin-berias xanaSi” afxazeTSi demografiuli situacia regulirdeboda qarTvelTa sasargeblod.

ki magram Cven, qarTvelebma, viciT raime abazTa afxazeTSi Camosaxlebis Sesaxeb? ra raodenobiT da ra adgilebSi daasaxles isini? ase mimdinareobda da mim-dinareobs CvenSi eTno-kulturuli procesebi. mTa-vari isaa, rom eTnonimi “afxazi” “qarTvelis” sinonimi da tolfasi iyo, rasac gvimalaven da gvaviwyeben.

�0 m. inaZe, “macne” # 2, 1992 w, gv. 65.

afxazeTi - saqarTveloa!

mairbek vaCagaevi,istoriul mecnierebaTadoqtori, safrangeTi

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh2008 wlis agvisto-seqtembris movlenebma Tval-

naTliv gamoamzeures ara mxolod saqarTvelos da ruseTs Soris arsebuli winaaRmdegobebi, aramed saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis erebs Soris urTierTobebSi arsebuli gadauWreli problemebic.

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo (Tu misi winamorbedi samefoebi: qarTli, kaxeTi da a.S.) sxva kav-kasiel erTa bunebrivi mizidulobis centrs warmoad-genda. amitomac ar aris gasakviri, rom ruseTis mier XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi kavkasiel xalxTa dapyrobis Sem-deg, kavkasiis sanacvlos centrad isev Tbilisi mogvev-lina. mefis ruseTma ucvlelad datova es istoriuli kanonzomiereba da is axali administraciuli erTeu-lis saxiT daafiqsira.

sabWoTa xelisuflebam kavkasiis xalxebi axali respublikebis saxiT daaqucmaca da mravali aTwleu-lis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda Tbilisis sapirispirod CrdilokavkasielTa centrad sruliad arakavkasiuri qalaqi, – donis rostovi gaexada. Tumca sabolood, masac mouwia am ideis kraxis aRiareba. CrdiloeT kav-kasiis inteligencia isev ganagrZobda Zveli Tbilisis faseulobebiT azrovnebas. swored am qalaqSi yalib-debodnen saukeTesi mecnieri-kavkasiologebi, swored aqedan iwyebdnen TavianT karieras saukeTeso kavkasie-li kinoreJisorebi, mocekvaveebi, qoreografebi da a.S.

samwuxarod, xsenebul istoriul kavSirTa gaqroba daiwyo 1991 wlidan, – damoukidebeli qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg. saqarTvelo wavida ara marto ssrk-dan. is kavkasiidan wasvlasac Seecada, roca Tavi calsaxad evropisa da dasavluri kultur-is nawilad gamoacxada. hpoulobda ra erTi meores miyolebiT axal megobrebs msoflios sxvadasxva naw-ilebSi, qarTuli politikuri elitis udidesma naw-ilma daiviwya, rom ar Rirda urTierTobebis gawyveta

saqarTvelo wavida aramarto ssrk-dan, is kavkasiidan wasvlasac Seecada

saqarTvelosTvis esoden axlobel da mudmiv me-zoblebTan, – Crdilokav-kasielebTan.

kavkasiidan gasvlis am politikas, Tavdapirve-lad zviad gamsaxurdiam Cauyara safuZveli. Tumca imis Semdeg, rac mas yve-lam uRalata da miatova, igi mixvda, rom mxolod CeCnebs SeeZloT miecaT misTvis is, risi micemac yvelas eSinoda. prezi-dentma gamsaxurdiam CeC-neTis damoukidebloba mxolod samSoblodan gandevnis Semdeg scno.

zviad gamsaxurdiasgan gansxvavebiT, Zvelma komu-nistma funqcionerma eduard SevardnaZem myisve Seic-no, rom CeCnebis gamoyeneba ruseTis winaaRmdeg savse-biT SesaZlebeli da momgebiani iyo. SevardnaZe kargad acnobierebda im faqtsac, rom saqarTvelos msgavsad, ruseTis yvelaz sust adgils separatizmi warmoad-gens, damoukideblobisaken mimswrafi avtonomiebis saxiT. amitomac iyo, rom rodesac moskovi Tavisi bin-Zuri svlebiT Tbilisis mier arakontrolirebad qar-Tul teritoriebze garkveul zRvars gadadioda, Se-vardnaZe myisve iwyebda CeCnuri kartis gaTamaSebas. am gziT is TiTqmis yovelTvis axerxebda daeSoSminebina ruseTi, misi Sors mimavali gegmebis gaxorcielebisas afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis teritoriebze.

saqarTvelos mesame prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma ki gadawyvita, rom misi orive winamorbedi misTvis karg magaliTs ar warmoadgenda, ris Sedegadac xelisufle-

gagrZeleba, dasawyisi wina gverdze


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kavkasiuri dialogi

baSi mosvlisTanave CrdilokavkasielTa mimarT araer-Ti arakonstruqciuli nabiji gadadga. saakaSvilma arad Caagdo prezident masxadovis mimarTva, romelic mas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tanadgomas hpirdeboda da sajarod ganacxada: “RmerTma dagvifaros iseTi mego-brebisgan, rogoric CeCnebi arian, isini xom yelamde qarTvelTa sisxlSi arian gasvrilni. Cven mtrebs Cvenve gavumklavdebiT”. hoda, ra mohyva mis aseT gancxade-bebs? CeCnebTan megobrobisgan RmerTma saakaSvili marTlac “daifara”, magram realur mters ki verafriT gaumklavda. moskovSi pirveli vizitisTanave saakaS-vilma oficialurad ganacxada, rom daeTanxma ruseTis winadadebas erToblivi moqmedeba daewyo CeCnebis winaaRmdeg. amis Semdeg TbilisSi Sexiznulma CeCnebma saqarTvelos dedaqalaqidan TandaTanobiT gaqroba daiwyes, ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ki maT ruseTis cixee-bSi poulobdnen. xolo pankisis xeobaSi Sexiznul CeCen ltolvilTa Soris qarTulma spec-samsaxurebma rusu-li meTodebis gamoyenebiT “wmendebi” Caatares.

1999 wels, CeCneTSi saomari moqmedebebis dawyebis-Tanave, CeCenma mebrZolebma saqarTvelos xelisufle-bas CeCnuri razmis Seqmna SesTavazes, raTa qveynis teri-toriuli mTlianobis problemis mogvarebaSi daxmareba gaewiaT. imis dasturad, rom CeCnebi marTlac seriozu-lad iyvnen ganwyobili, SegviZlia ruslan gelaevis eqs-pedicia moviyvanoT, romelmac 2002 wels kodoris xeo-bis gavliT soxumamde miaRwia, ris Semdegac is amerikel-Ta daJinebuli moTxovniT SevardnaZem ukan gaiwvia.

CeCnebi da inguSebi, iseve rogorc balyarebi da ya-raCaelebi, yovelTvis proqarTulad ganwyobilni iy-vnen. samwuxarod, kavkasiuri konfederaciis lozungis safarqveS ganxorcielebulma avantiuram, romelic, ratomRac, yovelTvis CeCnebs miewereboda, sakmaod didi Wriloba miayena Cvens erebs Soris megobrul urTierTobebs. Samil basaevi, romlis rolic afx-azeTis omSi, rogorc wesi, gadaWarbebulad moixsenie-ba, Tavad yovelTvis acxadebda, rom es iyo misi yvelaze didi Secdoma.…miTebi da mis qmedebaTa sxvadasxva versiebi, romelnic ar arian saqarTvelos generaluri prokuratorisgan dadasturebulni, qarTul mediaSi dRemde cirkulireben, rac, samwuxarod, Cveni erebis daaxloebas namdvilad ar uwyobs xels.

2008 wlis agvisto-seqtembris movlenebis dros CeC-nebi da inguSebi erTianad gamoxatavdnen TavianT Tan-adgomas qarTveli eris mimarT. yvelas kargad esmoda, rom es ruseTis mxridan kargad momzadebuli provoka-cia iyo. aq me, ra Tqma unda, ar vgulisxmob CeCneTis prorusul xelisuflebas da mis damqaSebs, romelTac omis pirvelive dRes, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqmeSi kargad ar iyvnen garkveulni, ruseTs TavSekavebuli, magram mainc mxardaWera gamoucxades. da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ruseTis ganzraxva saqarTvelos okupaciis Sesaxeb naTeli gaxda, media aivso kadirovisaTvis Cveu-li ruseTis mimarT xotba-didebis Semcveli gancxade-bebiT. groznoSi moRvawe damoukidebeli koresponden-tebis monacemebiT ki, CeCneTis mosaxleobaSi naklebad vinme Tu iziarebda pro-moskovuri xelisuflebis amg-var gancxadebebs.

mezobel inguSeTSi, internet portal “www.ingush-etia.ru”-s mflobel magomed evloevis cnobiT, romelic agvistos bolos veragulad mohkles (amis Sesaxeb “Tan-amemamules” wina nomerSi mkiTxvels ukve vacnobeT), ax-algazrdebi mTeli respublikis masStabiT cdilobdnen

saqarTveloSi moxvedris gzebi moeZebnaT, raTa qarTvel-Ta mxares, ruseTis winaaRmdeg ebrZolaT. ufro metic, inguSeTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi momsaxure aseu-lobiT milicielma protestis niSnad samsaxuridan was-vlis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dawera, radgan maT samxreT os-eTSi sabrZolvelad gagzavnas upirebdnen. mTeli evro-pis masStabiT mowyobil saprotesto mitingebze qarTve-lebTan erTad CeCnebi da inguSebic idgnen. saqarTve-los, mis samarTlian brZolaSi CrdiloeTis monstris winaaRmdeg, CeCneTis damoukideblobis momxre yvela politikuri moRvawe uWerda mxars.

faqtiurad, vainaxma erebma arCevani saqarTvelos sasargeblod gaakeTes misi istoriis erT-erT yvelaze rTul epizodSi.

TviT im CeCnebmac ki, romlebic batalion “vostok-Si” msaxurobdnen, saqarTveloSi yofnisas Tavis Tavze aiRes pasuxismgebloba qarTuli mosaxleobis dacvaze da aravis aZlevdnen misi Zarcvisa da abuCad agdebis saSualebas. frangul-germanuli satelevizio arxis ARTE-s erT-erT siuJetSi naTlad Canda, Tu rogor ar-wmunebdnen CeCnebi qarTvelebs, rom aravis ar miscemd-nen maTi wyenis saSualebas.

CeCnebs uyvarT imis gaxseneba, rom farnavazis Svi-lis, mefe saurmagis deda CeCeni iyo, rom qarTvel mefee-bs mtris Semosevisas araerTxel miumarTavT maTTvis daxmarebis TxovniT, da rom XIX saukuneSi, devnilobaSi myofma saqarTvelos taxtis memkvidre aleqsandrem, swored CeCnebs Soris ipova mxardaWera. istoriaSi am-gvari TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezoblobis aTasi faqtis moZiebaa SesaZlebeli. Tumca bolo wlebis movlenebi, politikosTa araSorsmWvretelobis gamo, samwuxarod, mniSvnelovanwilad arRvevs am tradicias.

rac Seexeba kavkasiis sxva erebs, samwuxarod, aqac Tavi iCina Crdilokavkasielebsa da saqarTvelos Soris tradiciuli kavSirebis wyvetis procesma. sakuTar in-teresTa veqtori Secvales saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTveli erisadmi keTiladganwyobilma balyarelebma da yaraCaelebmac ki. isini sul ufro xSirad saubroben alan-osebisa da alan-Turqebis erTobaze, rac Tavis-Tavad Zalian saeWvo Tezisia, magram arc es warmoad-gens did da gadaulaxav dabrkolebas. mTavari prob-lema isaa, rom Crdilokavkasielebi kargaven Tbiliss da saqarTvelos da maT uyureben, rogorc Soreul da ucnob mezobels. da Tu saqarTvelos xelisufleba Tavis damokidebulebas ar Secvlis, maSin, droTa gan-mavlobaSi, rusuli qalaqi donis rostovi marTlac SeiZleba gadaiqces CrdiloeT kavkasiis axal centrad. saWiroa, rom Tbilisis universiteti, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos sxva samecniero-saswavlo dawesebulebe-bi, kvlav iqcnen CrdiloeT kavkasiis inteleqtualuri elitis formirebis tradiciul kerebad. ar unda vTq-vaT sruli uari rusuli enis gamoyenebazec, romelic, gvinda Tu ara, sadReisod mainc asrulebs saqarTvelos CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxebTan urTierTobis mTavari damakavSirebeli enis rols.

saqarTvelom unda gansazRvros Tavisi politika CrdiloeT kavkasiasTan mimarTebaSi. gana ra moipova saqarTvelom Tavis uSualo mezoblebisgan izolaci-iT? xom ar iqneboda umjobesi kavkasiaSi dabruneba, kavkasiuri politikis kavkasielebTan erTad warmoeba da amis Sedegad kavkasiel erTa saxiT saqarTvelosTvis mxardaWeris placdarmis Seqmna regionSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema mxolod Tavad saqarTvelos SeuZlia.


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qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

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literaturidanganaTlebis politikamde

interviu lela samniaSvilTan

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

ia merkvilaZe,niu-iorki, aSS

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

lela samniaSvili

saqarTvelos sul ramdenime poeti hyavs, romelic inglisur enaze Targm-nis da wers. erT-erTi aseTi poeti lela samniaSvilia. ramdenime wlis win lela Tbilisur “kavkasiur saxlSi” ori cno-bili da amave dros CvenTvis ucnobi poeti qalis silvia plaTisa da emili dikinsonis leqsebis miseuli Targmane-bis wasakiTxad davpatiJe. “qali da Semo-qmedeba, qali da poezia” – ase erqva im “genderul seminars”. lelas mier mSveni-vrad naTargmn poezias mohyva am qalebis arapoeturi cxovrebis Txroba, damswre sazogadoebis kamaTi poeziis “sqesze”, SemoqmedebiT muxtze, Tavisufal drosa da mravalSvilianobaze. maxsovs, rom am Sexvedras uniWieresi, jer ar aRiarebu-li qarTveli poetebi: rusudan kaiSauri da maia sariSvili eswrebodnen. aseTebs gmir dedebs uwodeben. aRar maxsovs, vin iTvleboda (iTvleba) yofili sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze gmir dedad, sa-mis da metis Tu oTxis da meti Svilis mSobe-li, magram kargad max-sovs, rom mamis gmiroba ra Tu ar mosatani iyo (aris). mama Semoqmedia da amitom erT adgilze ar dgas, qali Semnaxve-lia, amitom – dgas da inaxavs ukve “Semoqme-dils”. axla gamaxsenda: maia sariSvili ar ga-xldaT am Sexvedraze, ar ecala, Cveulebisa-mebr, bavSvebis gamo. samagierod, ecala mis meuRles, poet SoTa iaTaSvils...

sxvaTaSoris, lelam sakuTari leq-sebic Targmna inglisurad: “amayi kacis soneti”, “goris xedi”, “qarTuli kaba”.

lela inglisuri enis specialisti da profesionali mTargmnelia. 2002-04 wlebSi igi kaliforniis universitetSi, berkliSi amerikul literaturas ikv-levda.

– amerikuli yvelaze metad san-franciskosTan wynari okeanis sanapiro menatreba, – miyveba lela. – da, ra-sakvirvelia, Cemi megobrebi msoflios yvela kuTxidan – sxvadasxva fakul-tetebis studentebi – iseTive mraval-ferovani da saintereso xalxi, rogo-ric msoflioa Tavisi geografiiTa da kulturebiT. berkli swored san-fran-ciskosTan axlomdebare studentu-ri qalaqia, kosmopolituri da perma-

nentulad memarcxene, axalgazrduli suliskveTebiTa da gabeduli ideebiT savse. berklis universiteti erT-erTi saukeTesoa msoflioSi da iq gatarebu-li wlebi arasodes damaviwydeba. univer-siteti internacionaluria da marto amerikulis nacvlad, me iq msoflio ga-mocdileba miviRe. Cemi programa “fon-di Ria sazogadoebis” mier finansdebo-da da emsaxureboda qarTul universi-tetebSi fakultetebis ganviTarebis process. ramdenadac goris saxelmwifo universitetSi muSaobis gamocdileba mqonda da Tanadroulad literaturas vTargmnidi, am programam SesaZlebloba momca amerikuli literatura TviTon amerikuli universitetis konteqstSi Semeswavla. amave dros berkli sakuTari literaturuli tradiciebis adgilia Tavisi bitTaobiTa da dRevandeli nova-toruli tendenciebiT.

– lela, dResac maxsovs is seminari. Zalian saintereso iyo. ratom airCieT silvia plaTi da emili dikin-soni?

– swored berkli-Si gatarebul wlebSi vTargmne silvia plaTis avtobiografiuli roma-ni “zari-qoTani”, romel-sac qarTveli mkiTxveli, imedia, male ixilavs. plaTi msoflios erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi poeti qalia, romelic Tavisi niWierebiTa da tragikuli bedisweriT cxovrebasTan mebrZoli xelovani qalis erTgvar

simbolod iqca. am avtobiografiam pla-Tis leqsebis safuZvelze damainteresa, romlebic 1999 wels vTargmne qarTulad da gamomcemloba “meranis” mier “msof-lio literaturis biblioTekis” seri-iTac iqna gamocemuli. garkveuli Tval-sazrisiT, plaTi emili dikinsonis, misi winamorbedi da SeiZleba iTqvas, upirve-lesi amerikeli poeti qalis memkvidrea. magram ara Tavisi leqsebis formiT an TematikiT, aramed im brZolisunariano-biT, romelic maT literaturul war-matebaSi gamovlinda. maSin “poetesas” ironiuli statusi hqonda im sazoga-doebaSi, sadac patriarqaluri liter-aturuli tradiciebis gamo poeti qali jer kidev ar iyo srulfas-ovnad dafasebuli.

amgvari komentaris gamo Sei-

Zleba ifiqroT, rom saTargmn avtorebs genderuli Tval-sazrisiT virCev. arada, pirvel rigSi arCevanis mizezi maTi Se-moqmedebis Taviseburebaa wmin-da poeturi TvalsazrisiT. igive arCevani Tomas hardis, d. h. lo-rensis da ted hiuzis Semoqmede-bazec gamikeTebia. genderuli momenti ki meorexarisxovania, Tumca CemTvis es momenti namd-vilad mniSvnelovania plaTis da dikinsonis poeziaze saubrisas. Sesabamisad, namdvili poezia ar SeiZleba iyos mxolod konk-retul droSi da konkretul problematikasTan mimarTebaSi aqtualuri. is pirvel rigSi, po-eziaa.

– mainc gkiTxavT: rogor fiqrobT, SeiZleba arsebobdes qaluri da mamakacuri poezia? magaliTad, rusudan kaiSauris poeziaSi figurirebs „sakralu-ri“ cocxi. ara mgonia, mamakac poets „cocxi“ im konteqstSi daexata, rogoradac daqvrive-buli, mravalSviliani, gadaR-lili rusudani xatavs...

– tradiciulad, msofl-mxedvelobis masStaburoba ma-makacuri poeziis niSnad iTvle-boda, Caketiloba da grZnobaze koncentracia ki qaluri po-eziis niSnad, Tumca dRevandel literaturaSi ukve araserio-zulia amaze saubari. es logiku-ricaa: istoriulad qalebi erTi oTaxis farglebSi rCebodnen da “qaluri” problemebis qaR-aldze gadmotanas Tu axerx-ebdnen. dRes ki qalebis Tval-sawieris sifarTove da sazoga-


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qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

doebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi sul ufro aqtiurad CarTva literatu-raSic, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva sferoSi, qalebis da mamakacebis mier sakuTari gamocdilebis asaxvisas na-kleb kontrasts qmnis.

– vici, rom norvegiaSi poeziis Sesaswavlad ki ara xarT, aramed sul sxva mizniT. axla ras saqmianobT?

– sabWoTa sistemis nangrevebi-dan dasavluri modelebisaken re-formirebis gzas Cveni ganaTlebis sistema ukve daadga. me qarTuli da amerikuli sauniversiteto moR-vaweobis Semdeg evropuli sistemis Seswavla am procesTan mimarTebaSi SesaZlo saintereso gamocdilebad miviCnie, romelsac imedia, qarTul konteqstSi gamoviyeneb. mgonia, rom swori reformisaTvis ganaTlebis sferoSi ara mxolod ucxouri re-komendaciebi, aramed profesionali qarTveli eqspertebi gvesaWiroeba. norvegias aqvs saxelmwifo granti ucxoeli studentebisaTvis, romel-ic movipove da amJamad oslos uni-versitetSi samagistro programiT swored umaRlesi ganaTlebis siste-mebs vswavlob.

– mokled rogor daaxasiaTebdiT norvegiis ganaTlebis sistemas?

– norvegiaSi saxelmwifo wamyvan rols itovebs ganaTlebasTan mima-rTebaSi. universitetebis dafinanse-ba da xarisxis kontrolic ZiriTa-dad saxelmwifos mxridan sruldeba, rac Tanabari SesaZleblobebis da ganaTlebul sazogadoebaze ori-entirebuli ekonomikis garantad miaCniaT. saxelmwifos wamyvani roli ara mxolod skandinaviuri social-isturi modelebisaTvis, aramed zogadad, evropuli umaRlesi ga-naTlebis sistemebisaTvisaa damaxa-siaTebeli, rac gansxvavdeba bazarze orientirebuli amerikuli modelis-agan. saqarTvelom, Tuki surs erTian saganmanaTleblo evropul sivrceSi adgilis damkvidreba, umaRlesi ga-naTlebis sistemis reformisas es gan-sxvaveba mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos. boloniis procesSi CarTva da pa-ralelurad amerikuli instruqcie-biT xelmZRvaneloba rig SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba araswori strategia aR-moCndes sasurveli sistemis Seqmnis gzaze.

norvegiaSi umaRlesi ganaTleba ZiriTadad ufasoa. gadasaxadi – 500 kroni semestrSi (anu daaxloebiT 90 aSS dolari) mxolod minimaluri sakancelario xarjebis dafarvas iTvaliswinebs. ufro metic, swav-lis periodSi studentebi iReben saxelmwifo sesxs TviTdafinansebi-

saTvis da mogvianebiT, universitetis damTavrebis da samsaxuris dawyebis Semdeg iwyeben sesxis gadaxdas.

– arsebobs Tu ara evro-ameriku-li unversitetebis erTgvari reit-ingi? ra adgili uWiravs norvegias am siaSi?

msgavsi reitingebi yovelwliurad dgeba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso saa-gentoebis mier da ZiriTadad pirvel aTeulSi mxolod amerikuli da brit-anuli universitetebi ikaveben adg-ils. oslos universiteti msoflios saukeTeso 50 universitets Soris in-arCunebs Tavis pozicias.

– Tavad rogor uyurebT sa-qarTveloSi saganmanaTleblo sis-temis reformirebis process?

– saqarTveloSi ukve xdeba imis gacnobiereba, rom umaRlesi ga-naTleba ufro moqnili, saerTaSori-so da ara mxolod lokaluri sistema unda iyos, rom mimdinare reformis uSualo mizania am sistemis evro-pul konteqstSi moTavseba. bolo-niis procesSi CarTva da reformis rigi safexurebis gavla, rogoricaa, magaliTad, instituciuri da pro-gramis saakreditacio meqanizme-bis Seqmna, abiturientTa Caricxvis Zveli meqanizmis Canacvleba erTiani erovnuli gamocdebiT, rac marTlac ufro gamWvirvale proceduras warmoadgens, udaod reformis war-matebiT ganxorcielebuli nawilia. Tumca, igive kvleviT programebTan mimarTebaSi SegviZlia davasaxeloT rigi problemebi, romlebsac refor-mis procesSi vawydebiT.

sadoqtoro, anu mesame safexuris programebis Camoyalibeba saqarT-velos universitetebSi gulisx-mobs dasavluri modelebis Sesabamis swavlebasa da kvlevas, maT Soris mWidro kavSiris dafuZnebas univer-sitetebis bazaze, rac gansxvavdeba sabWoTa tradiciisagan. sabWoTa pe-riodSi mecnierebaTa akademia mTavar kvleviT dawesebulebas warmoad-genda, romelic qveynis politikur-strategiuli miznebidan gamomdi-nare, universitetebisagan calke funqcionirebda. universitetebs mTeli gasuli saukunis ganmavloba-Si, sakuTar Tavze ZiriTadad mxolod swavlebis funqcia hqondaT aRebuli. dRes am struqturis gadakeTeba did polemikas iwvevs, Tumca am cvlilebis saWiroebis mizezebSi CaRrmaveba bevr kiTxvaze iZleva pasuxs.

– ra aris boloniis procesis mTavari sargebeli?

– boloniis procesSi CarTviT qarTvel studentebs mobilobis meti saSualeba miecemaT da qarTul

diplomebsac mniSvneloba ara mxo-lod lokalur konteqstSi mieniWeba. pirvel rigSi prioritetulia im sa-erTo sistemis meqanizmis mTliano-baSi gaTvaliswineba, romlis nawilic unda gaxdes Cveni umaRlesi ganaTle-bis sistema. ganaTlebis saministros mier wamowyebuli reforma evropuli standartebis samsafexurovan siste-maze gadasvlas moicavs da swavlebis mesame, saboloo safexurad sadoqto-ro programebis SemoRebas gulisxmo-bs, rac swavlebas da kvlevas mWidrod aerTianebs sauniversiteto bazaze. kvlevis dafinanseba erT-erTi yve-laze ufro mniSvnelovani da rTuli problemaa, romlis gadaWrac saqar-Tvelos mTavrobas mouwevs momaval sadoqtoro programebTan dakavSi-rebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebu-li reforma miuxedavad evropuli kursisa, amerikuli instruqciebis nazavs Seicavs. dasavleTSi ki, dRes evropuli da amerikuli umaRlesi ga-naTlebis sitemebi or sxvadasxva mi-marTulebad iTvleba, pirvel rigSi saxelmwifos da universitetebis ur-TierTobis TvalsazrisiT. amerikam saxelmwifo kontroli minimumamde Seamcira universitetebze da Sesa-bamisad, dafinansebis sakiTxis mo-gvareba Zlier bazars miando. evro-paSi, universitetebisaTvis saWiro avtonomiis farglebSi, saxelmwifo wamyvan rols inarCunebs universite-tebis dafinansebasa da xelmZRvane-lobaSi. amerikuli modelis warmate-ba bolo xanebSi am models sul ufro metad popularuls da misabaZs xdis, Tumca evropuli mimarTuleba tra-diciis erTguli rCeba.

– magram saqarTvelos jer ar ga-nusazRvravs ra da rogor unda...

– saqarTvelom mkveTrad unda gansazRvros saWiro gza evropul sivrceSi gaerTianebis mcdelobisas. Tumca, amerikuli modeli am SemTxve-vaSi isedac araadeqvaturia, ramdena-dac saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sfe-ros TvalsazrisiT, bazari, rogorc meqanizmi, Camouyalibebelia da umaR-lesi ganaTlebis sistemis misTvis mindoba mocemul etapze mis srul degradacias gamoiwvevs. reformis Sedegad saakreditacio normebis mier Semcirebuli universitetebis ricxvi Sesabamisi normebis damak-mayofilebeli axali kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebiT mosalodnelia Tan-daTan isev Canacvldes. globaluri masifikaciis, anu umaRlesi ganaTle-bis mqone moqalaqeTa procentuli zrdiT yvela ganviTarebul qveyanaSi es tendencia gardauvali da sasurve-licaa, Tumca swavlebis maRal safe-


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ambavi kanadeli petre kublaSvilisa

interviu lela samniaSvilTan

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

jumber jiSkariani,largo, aSS

kanadis dedaqalaq otavaSi Cemi mego-brebis ojaxi cxovrobs. nani gogolaSvi-li 22 wlis iyo, TbilisSi Camosuli aspir-antis piter kuperis guli rom daipyro.

Tavdapirvelad nanas mSoblebi qor-winebis sastiki winaaRmdegi iyvnen, – globusis meore mxares, sadRac dasa-kargavSi, Svili rogor gavaTxovoTo… piterma sazrianoba gamoiCin da TbilisSi “Suamavlebad” mSoblebi Camoiyvana – momxiblavi frangi qalbatoni suzani da dinji ingliseli batoni jeimsi. cxadia, yvelaferi mSvidobianad mogvarda.

guSindeli dResaviT maxsovs, – mayrionis grZeli korteJi mcxeTisaken, jvriswera sveticxovelSi, zRapruli qorwili TbilisSi, atenis quCaze, aTasi keTili survili…

kanadaSi yvelaferi Cinebulad war-imarTa. axalgazrdebs ori vaJi SeeZi-naT, – nikolozi da aleqsandre. ra dro gasula! – biWebma universiteti daamTa-vres, simaRliT mamas hgvanan, aSoltili vaJkacebi arian.

piteri saqarTvelos Tavgadadebuli qomagia, yovelive qarTulis pativism-cemeli da damfasebeli. mis samuSao kabi-netSi lamaz CarCoSi Casmuli, saqarTve-los konstituciis fotoasli hkidia. kedlebsa da Taroebze uamravi qarTuli suveniria gamofenili. kviraobiT piteri qarTul CoxaSi gamowkepili gadis sas-eirnod.

dinji kanadelebi gaocebulni uy-ureben egzotikurad Cacmul “ucxoels”, romelic brwyinvale inglisuriT uy-veba maT Soreul “jorjiaze”, mis uZve-les istoriasa da umdidres kulturaze, xalxze, maT zne-Cveulebebze…

– samduravi namdvilad ar meTqmis, – miTxra erTxel nanam, – myavs erT-guli da saocrad yuradRebiani meuRle, moswrebuli Svilebi. maTgan, madloba RmerTs, araviTari problema ar gvqonia ojaxSi. iseTi RvTisnieri dedamTil-mamamTili myavs, adamiani ukeTess verc inatrebs. piteris mTeli naTesaoba Tavs gvevleba, ekonimikuradac ara gviSavs,

magram bolomde bed-nierad ver vgrZnob Tavs, radgan… Zalian maklia saqarTvelo. piteri amas kargad grZnobs da yov-elmxriv cdilobs dardi Semimsubuqos, risTvisac misi uzo-mod madlobeli var.

* * *agvitos tragikulma movlenebma

lamis guli momiRos…otavaSi vrekav.– mowmendil caze mexis gavard-

nas hgavda, rodesac SevityveT, rom rusulma TviTmfrinaveb-ma saqarTvelo dabombes! es iyo

yvelaze tragikuli wuTebi Cems cx-ovrebaSi, – aRelvebuli miambobs nana; pirvel or dRes Seusveneblad, 24 saaTi wamlavda rusuli media samyaros… sicruis iseTi niaRvari vrceldeboda msoflioSi, lamis Tavi movikali. kidev kargi, mdgo-mareoba Seicvala, radgan tyuils

mokle fexebi aqvs. ruseTma niRabi Camoixsna.

Tveebis manZilze momzadebuli sainformacio omi ruseTis kraxiT dasrulda. msofliom kargad dain-axa ruseTis namdvili saxe.

im dReebSi mxardaWera ar gvakl-da, – Tqva nanam, gvirekavdnen

xurze, kvlevasTan urTierTmimarTe-baSi, saeWvoa qarTuli universite-tebidan bevrma moaxerxos xarisxiani sadoqtoro programebis SeTavazeba. es ki niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos umaR-lesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebaTa umravlesoba mxolod erT an orsa-fexurovan swavlebas Tu ganaxor-cielebs momavalSi. saqarTvelom unda SeZlos sistemis Seqmna, romlis universitetebis qselSic sadoqto-ro programebiT Tundac minimalu-ri raodenobis, magram xarisxiani kvleva ganxorcieldeba saxelmwifo dafinansebiT. saxelmwifo universi-tetebis gamsxvilebis tendencia (mag. ilia WavWavaZis sax. enisa da kultu-ris da sulxan-saba orbelianis sa-xelobis universitetebis SeerTeba) am TvalsazrisiT logikur nabijad

migvaCnia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, aris safrTxe, CamovyalibdeT peri-feriul sistemad, romlis universi-tetebic bakalavriatis da magistra-turis safexurebis Semdeg Sesabamisi sadoqtoro programebis SeTavazebas ver moaxerxebs. es ki isev gonebrivi resursebis kargvas da qveynis inte-leqtualuri ganviTarebis Seferxe-bas gamoiwvevs, maSin roca intele-qtualuri resursebi is ZiriTadia, razec dRes qveyanaSi ganviTarebi-saTvis yuradRebis koncentracia SeiZleba. ai, swored am konteqstSia saWiro saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier sado-qtoro programebSi swavlebis da kv-levis gaerTianebis uzrunvelyofa, dafinansebis meqanizmis SemuSaveba da saqarTvelos universitetebSi maTi

danergva.– ganaTlebis sistema mudmivad

unda iyos reformebis reJimSi, Tu sjobs erTxel da samudamod daRvin-des da tradiciuli gaxdes?

– mimdinare reformasTan dakav-SirebiT Zalian bevris Tqma SeiZleba rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi kritikis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca vime-dovneb, is koreqtulobis maqsimalur mcdelobas da ufro da ufro met ga-mocdilebas daefuZneba momavalSi. saerTod ki, ganaTlebis sferoSi re-forma mudmivi procesia, ramdenadac es sfero, erTis mxriv, ukiduresad gamZlea cvlilebebis, xolo meores mxriv, - ukiduresad moqnili farTo sazogadoebriv-politikur cvlile-bebTan mimarTebaSi adaptaciis da TviTganaxlebisTvis.

gagrZeleba, dasawyisi me-13 gverdze


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qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

piteris naTesavebi kvebekidan, monreali-dan, torontodan, aseve Cveni megobrebi sxvadasxva qalaqe-bidan da Tanadgomas gvicxadebdnen.

Cemma ufrosma, sa-qarTvelosadmi Tan-adgomis niSnad, ori dRiT samuSaodan gama-Tavisufla, Tan xel-fasic ar damiqviTa..

saubarSi nanas meuRle CaerTo.

– im dReebSi ga-zeTi „toronto sta-ri“ werda, – “mad-loba yvela im qveynis mTavrobebs, romleb-mac ruseTis agre-siis winaaRmdeg xma amoiReso”. televiziiT yoveldRe vuyureb ramdenime arxs, vecnobi uamrav presas, Cafluli var inter-netSi, anu sakmaod informirebuli adamiani var. Zalian ganvicade, rac saqarTveloSi moxda. yvelaze sam-wuxaroa, rom daiRupa mSvidobiani mosaxleoba. rusebma mTeli qveyana aaoxres da gaZarcves. ezidebian yve-lafers, avejiT dawyebuli; Turme gasaSrobad gafenili sarecxic mi-aqvT... SenobebisTvis kar-fanjrebi dauxsniaT da samxedri manqanebze dautvirTavT. maTda samarcxvinod, saxlebidan unitazebic ki dauxsni-aT da wauRiaT. es xom barbaroso-baa!

– Cemi azriT, rac dRes saqarT-veloSi xdeba, daviTisa da golia-Tis brZolas SeiZleba SevadaroT. goliaTs aTjer meti Zala hqonda, magram daviTma WkuiT, moxerxebu-lobiT da rac mTavaria, RvTis rw-meniT goliaTi daamarcxa!

suliT da guliT vusurveb Cem Zvirfas saqarTvelos, daviTis dar-ad boroti Zalis damarcxebas.

– eh, Cemo piter! samwuxarod rusebi xelmoweril pirobasac ar asruleben da saokupacio jari ar gahyavT.

– rusi samxedroebi rac ufro didxans moindomeben saqarTveloSi darCenas, miT ufro Rrmad gaiTx-rian saflavs, – Tqva piterma. gax-sovdeT! amieridan ruseTs mTels msoflioSi ar hyavs megobari, ro-melic mas endoba. yvelam kargad dainaxa am qveynis namdvili saxe. es saSinelebaa!

cxadia, me mxedvalobaSi maqvs ruseTis idiozuri xelmZRvanelo-

ba da ara xalxi. Cemi mezoblebi

amboben, – saqarTve-loSi ar vyofilvarT, magram mudam pativis cemiT viyaviT ganwyo-bili am qveynis mimar-To. axla, am trage-diis dros bevri ram gavigeT saqarTvelo-ze da piradad Tqvens mimarTac meti pati-viscema gagviCndao.

me da nanas es Za-lian gvaxarebs, Tuki, am dReebSi ramem SeiZ-leba gagvaxaros...

– Cemma naTesa-vebma da megobrebma ician, rom me ukve “memamule” gavxdi, – icinis. SarSan Cem-

ma simamrma, batonma nikolozma ka-xeTSi rTvelze dampatiJa. cxadia, siamovnebiT gavemgzavreT.

rTvelSi arasodes vyofilvar. es Turme mxolod kinoSia lamazi, gasarTobi sanaxaoba, Torem Zalian momqancveli Sroma yofilia! Tum-ca, axla yvelafers siamovnebiT vix-seneb. ra damaviwyebs iqaur mezob-lebs – givi da manana samniaSvilebs, zura da Tamuna ZamukaSvilebs, robert da lali sam-niaSvilebs, elizbar da zanda feriSvilebs, avTandil da Tina ja-jibuxaSvilebs, lia, firo, rusudan da so-fiko zavaraSvilebs... bodiSi, Tu vinme gamom-rCa. es adamianebi Tavs gvevlebodnen, aRar icodnen, rogor gamo-exataT pativiscema... yvelas didi madloba!

swored maSin gadav-wyviteT, rom Cemi meuR-lis sofelSi, velisci-xeSi, patara ezo-kari SegveZina. ase rom, awi saqarTveloSi stumrad aRar CavalT, sakuTar saxlSi mivi-wvevT stumrebs.

saqarTvelodan wamosvlis win, cnobilma Jurnalistma ivane jafa-riZem radioSi migviwvia da pro-grama „saganZurSi“, Ria eTerSi erTi saaTi dagviTmo. Zalian saintereso Sexvedra gamovida. Cems meuRles telefoniT gamoexmaurnen yofili TanamSromlebi, megobrebi, ucno-bebmac darekes. profesorma Tei-muraz petriaSvilma raWaSi migviw-

via...– vidre dagemSvidobebi, erT

ambavs gagimxel. ruseTis agresiis-admi Cemi protestis niSnad gvars da saxels vicvli – dReidan petre kupraSvili var!

– Zvirfaso megobaro! bibliur saxelTan erTad gvaric didebuli agirCevia! saqme isaa, rom saqarT-veloSi cxovrobs unikaluri pi-rovneba – henri kupraSvili. igi erTaderTi adamiania dedamiwaze, romelic xelfexSekruli curavs! esaa curvis uZvelesi stili, ro-melsac „xelfexSekruli kolxuri“ hqvia. batoni henri kupraSvili gi-nesis rekordsmenia! sasiamovnoa, rom man am meTods aziara lomis bokveriviT biWuna, jimi broZeli, romelmac axlaxan, xelfexSekrul-ma, uamravi mayureblisa da saerTa-Soriso damkvirveblebis Tvalwin, Tbilisis zRvis Svidkilometriani monakveTi erT saaTsa da ormocd-aaT wuTSi gadascura! jimi broZeli jer mxolod 11 wlisaa!

– es marTlac sensaciaa! – gaik-virva petrem. aseTi ram pirve-lad mesmis. Tuki, xelfexSekrul qarTvels zRvis gadacurva Seu-Zlia, warmodgenili maqvs, Tavisu-

fali xelebiT ras SesZlebs. ase rom frTxilad iyon zogierTebi!

saqarTveloSi rom CavalT, ba-ton henris da mis mowafes aucile-blad gavicnob, Cems mamulSic dav-patiJeb, xolo Tu manamde kanadaSi Camovlen – siamovnebiT vumaspin-ZlebT, – dasZina petre kupraS-vilma.

… saqarTveloSi arsebuli tragikuli situaciis miuxedavad, Cems kanadel megobrebTan saubari mainc optimistur notaze dasrul-da!


emigrantTaJurnali

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17

“Tbilisi Cemi bedisweraa”sad eZeben arqeologebi medeas baRs?qarTuli xalxuri medicina zRaprad

da realobaSi

saberZneTi kurortebis qveyanaa... 2007 wels kunZul kooze gaaSenes me-dicinis mamis – hipokrates baRi da darges 100 samkurnalo mcenaruli saxeoba, igegmeba kidev 50-is gaSene-ba! saqarTvelosTvis ki dRes arar-ealuria msgavsi ram! iqneb kidev erT Slimans elodebian, rom msoflio aRmoCenebi moaxdinos Cvens miwaze...

* * *Jan de labrueri: “cxovreba tra-

gediaa maTTvis, vinc grZnobs, xolo komediaa maTTvis, vinc azrovnebs..”

Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleno, Cveni saunje qarTvelobaa, Rirseba ki – siRaribe! aseTia Cemi tribuna, Tu gsurT gamkicxeT, me Tqvens lanZRva-ginebasac siyvaruliT movismen...

Cemi gataceba uCveulo ambebis, Tqmulebebis, receptebis da folk-loris Segrovebaa. swored am hobis gamo mTxova aTenis qarTuli mediis “gulma” xatia qarsauliZem TqvenTvis weriliT momemarTa. me fSavxevsure-li duRabis qarTveli var. 1986 wels q. voroneJSi samedicino saswavle-beli “wiTel diplomze” davamTavre. vmuSaobdi samedicino institutis Terapiis kaTedraze laborantad. 1990 wels “erTi xuTianiT” Caviricxe Tbilisis samedicino institutis samkurnalo fakultetze (rusul se-qtorze), romelic 1998 wels zogadi profilis mkurnali eqimis kvalifi-kaciiT davamTavre. Cemi biografiis mTavari simdidre is adamianebi arian, visTanac cxovrebam Semaxvedra.

madloba TviToeul maTgans. dRes sami Svilis deda qarTveli emigranti var saberZneTis miwaze... magram yvelaze metad Cems profesia-sTan mowyveta miWirs!

uZvelesi cnobebi qarTuli xalx-uri medicinis Sesaxeb berZnebma mi-Tologiis saxiT Semogvinaxes. “miTi argonavtebis laSqrobis Sesaxeb”

antikur saqarTvelos aRwers didebulebis, Seuvalobis da oqris elferiT. Tu zevsi titan kronosis Svilia, ara naklebi miTologiuri “warmomavloba” aqvs kolxeTis mefe aiets. mas berZnebi miiCnevdnen mzis RmerT heliosis Svilad. Tavis mxriv, heliosi gigant hiperonis da TeTas Svilia. ase, rom qarTvelTa mziuri “geneologia” berZenul miTologias eyrdnoba. Zveli berZnebi xvdebian, grZneul da Zlier kolxebs goniere-

biT da iaraRiT ver daimorCile-ben. samma uZlieresma qalRmerTma gadawyvita iasonis daxmareba oqros sawmisis moparvaSi, magram rogor daamarcxon aieti? es SeuZlebelia! gadawyda, qarTvelis damarcxeba mx-olod siyvaruliT SeiZleba, isic mx-olod susti sqesisa.

hera da aTina afrodites Svils isaxaven mSvelelad. afrodite iTanxmebs eross, siyvarulis oqros isari esrolos aietis asul medeas da iasonis siyvaruli Caunergos... berZenia apolonis vaJi, medicinis RmerTi asklepiosi... Tumca miTi-dan cxadia, rom gaaxalgazrdavebis saidumlo, hipnozi da mravali sxva

ucxoa berZenTaTvis. am dargSi maT kolxi medea aRemateba. amitomacaa, rom dRes msoflioSi damkvidrebu-li medicina medeas saxelidanaa war-moqmnili!

aseTi STambeWdavia arqauli, an-tikuri qarTuli xalxuri medicina.

iseve, rogorc qarTuli asom-Tavrul anbanSi, qarTul xalxur me-dicinaSic Cadebulia maTematikur-astronomiul-kalendaruli codna. XX saukunis uRmerTobis xanam mas brZola da devna gamoucxada, radgan masSia qarTvelebis Zliereba.

saqarTvelo eqimebis qveyanaa. es TiTqos genetikuri moTxovnacaa qa-rTuli sulisa, dRegrZelobisa da TviTgadarCenisa Tundac. Suasauku-neebis qristianuli xanis zaza fa-naskenteli-ciciSvilis “karabadini” marto qarTuli ki ara, msoflio ga-mocdilebis Sedevria, bevri sityva masSi uTargmnelia dRemde. mag: – “da stomaqsa gaupe rvebdes zumsa,” romelsac miwerili aqvs ganmarteba – “zumi kuWis SigniTa garsi unda iyos”. vinc salaparako berZnuli

zaira xornauli, aTeni, saberZneTihhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

mainc iswavla, mixvdeba, rom Secdoma berZnulis arcodnis gamoa daSvebu-li. “zumi – qarTulad wvens niSnavs”. amitomac Cven unda davafiqsiroT es saukunovani codna, analizi ki mo-maval Taobebs mivandoT!

dRes cofi mourCeneli daavade-baa, anu avadmyofs drouli acrebi Tu ar Cautarda, gamosavali le-taluria (sikvdili gardauvalia). es maSin, roca XX saukunis saqarT-veloSi xalxuri medicinisTvis ase-Ti avadmyofis morCena problemas ar warmoadgenda. am TvalsazrisiT uamravi adamiani myavs gamokiTxuli. es realobaa, aTeuli wlebis win jgufelma miTxra, samegreloSi dRe-sac cocxalia qali, romelic cofs mkurnalobso. iq me ver movxvdebodi, iciT, bolo wlebis qarTuli realo-ba, – “tuCad bebris” STamomavlobas ki vestumre da fragmentebi Caviwere. saubaria receptis naSTebze...

– “patara viyavi, bebos Wiebis Sesagrobeblad rom mivyavdi, sia-ruli ukve uWirda, me maCqarebda, – uquxari Wiebi unda SevagrovoTo”, – miyveba misi SviliSvili.

– uquxari ras niSnavs? – mikvirs me.

– rogor vera xvdebio? – me-kiTxeba mzeriT da meubneba, rom gazafxulze, pirvel Weqa-quxilamde Wiebs samkurnalo Tvisebebi aqvT da uquxrad unda moeswros xolme maTi Segroveba.

marto is SemiZlia “giTxraT”, rom klasikuri medicina xalxuri medi-cinis axsnis meTodebs ver swvdeba! droa, Tu ar gviandeba kidec, kar-dakar viaroT da receptebi Seva-grovoT, ara marto saqarTveloSi, iqac, sadac droebiT varT. Cveni mdgomareoba unikaluria, – erT-WerqveS ucxo civilizaciebTan, es saqarTvelos aucileblad waadgeba. msoflio gamocdileba xom saqarT-velosaken miedineba. imedia, “Taname-mamule” saSualebas maZlevs am Te-maze sxvadasxva qveynaSi mimofantul qarTvelebs vesaubro.

wignebis daxmarebiT saqarTvelo-Si xelaxla “aRmovaCine” miviwyebuli barispira, romelzec Zvelitali-uri andaza ambobs: “paltos yidvas barispiras yidva sjobso!”


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qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

topografiuli anatomiis ga-mocdaze var. profesori Cems gvars kiTxulobs da meubneba:

– xevsuri yofilxar, albaT qirurgobas apireb?

– xevsureTs cnobili nevroq-irurgebi ukve hyavs, me fitoTerape-vtobas vapireb-meTqi.

profesoris TanaSemwe ironias ver malavs, saxeze aweria: xevsureTSi mzis sxivi Tu aRwevs, isic ar sjera.

– liqokels gulisxmob? – me-kiTxeba profesori.

– diax, is trepanacias to-panatomiis codnis gareSec akeTeb-da! – viRimebi da niSnis mogebiT vuyureb mis TanaSemwes.

– rogor? es SeuZlebelia! – protests ver malavs is.

– SesaZlebelia! amas rigiTi xe-vsurebi akeTebdnen! es saqarTvelos medicinis istoriaSi weria! – ukan ar vixev me. profesori meTanxmeba.

Cemo Tanamemamulev, gTxov realoba zRaparSi ar aurio! es realobaa! diax, XX saukuneSi xev-sureTma kidev erTxel daumtkica msoflios, Tu ra korifeebs flobda ZvelqarTuli medicina.

mapation cnobilma filosofos-ebma, CemTvis saqarTvelo uZlieres eqimTa oranJerea ufroa! qarTveli eris movaleobaa aRweros Zvelqar-Tuli da axalqarTuli (klasikuri, sabWoTa medicinasTan Serwymuli) medicinis SesaZleblobebi. raRac naxevaraTaswleulis win dawerili zaza fanaskerteli-ciciSvilis kara-badini dResac nawilobriv gauge-baria CvenTvis. cnobilia, rom cofi msoflio masStabebiT ukurnebeli senia, Tu profilaqtika ar an ver Cautarda (gadaxedeT bolo wlebis saq. med. statistikas, gTxovT, visac xelgewifebaT.). sul 50 -ode welia, miicvalnen is mkurnalni, romelTac es saukuneebis qar-cecxlSi gamo-tarebuli codna CvenTvis gadmo-sacemad mohqondaT!... iqneb cocx-loben zogni, an maTi STamomavalni, romelTac raRac doziT axsovT de-talebi?! mimoixedeT, mimoikiTxeT, me samegreloze mimiTiTes...

ZvelqarTuli medicina istoria-sa hgavs! ar SeiZleba Secvalo, amo-Salo an gadaakeTo is, rac miuRebeli an absurduli geCveneba.

msmenia, tyavSi gadaxveul sam-kurnalo wignebs Turme marxavdnen, uRmerTo bolSevikebisgan rom ga-daerCinaT. iqneb gsmeniaT, an piradad Tqven iciT raRac msgavsi?! mogvwer-

eT!... STamomavlobam unda icodes, Tu vin Semounaxa ers es Zvirfasi infor-macia da imaTi vinaobac, vinc maTgan Caiwera. dRes es gmirobis tolfa-sia. am mimarTulebiT TurmaniZeebis mizanswrafuloba misabaZia yvelas-Tvis (“TurmaniZis malamo”). dRemdis motanili zepirsityviereba Cvens tkbil moxucebTan erTad imarxeba.

tibetur medicinas potenciuri metoqe hyavs ZvelqarTuli medici-nis saxiT. vfiqrob, bevri TqvenTa-gani dameTanxmeba amaSi. igi marto fitoTerapias, homeopaTias an far-macevtikas ar moicavs, ufro Rrma da miuwvdomelia! ucodinarTa xelSi saSiSia, mcodneTa xelSi... erTeul adamianebs an specialistebs gau-WirdebaT misi “amuSaveba”. warmoid-gineT, marto swori TargmanisaTvis

imdroindeli msoflios enaTmecnierebic ar kmara: astronomebi, qimikosebi, eqimebi, Tarjimnebi, me-gruli da svanuris enebis mcodneni, botanikosebi, zoologebi... da korife mecnierebis TanamSrom-loba, maTi konsultaciebi, dauRalavi Sroma da vin mosTvlis, kidev ramdeni ram iqneba saWiro imisaT-

vis, rom es saSviliSvilo saqme daiZ-ras adgilidan. iqneb SegvaZlebinos ufalma!

saxelmwifo Zlierebas saSualo fenis Zliereba gansazRvravs, maT Zlierebas ki, maTi sulieri da fizi-kuri jamrTeloba. yvela vocnebobT dRegrZelobaze, magram ra fasi aqvs xorcismier janrmTelobas, Tu suli ar ganviTardeba?.

kavkasiur dRegrZelobaze miTebi dadis, realoba ki dRevandeli mdgo-mareobiT ganisazRvreba...

janmrTeloba rom SevinarCunoT, Cvens organizmTan harmoniaSi unda vicxovroT. adamianis cxovelmyof-elobisaTvis sasurvelia:

sufTa haeri, sinaTle, siTbo, wyali, sakvebi da bevri sxva ram... vfiqrob, zogierTi wvrilmani yve-lam unda icodes. gTavazobT ramden-ime rCevas:

– iciT ramdeni mililitri wyali unda miiRoT dRe-RameSi?!

amisi gamoTvla advilia – aiReT Tqveni wona da daamravleT 40-ze. an (1-l =1000ml) mag. 60kg brZandebiT X40 e.i. 2400ml. es 2 lit. 400 mil.

es esaWiroeba Tqvens organizms, rom mxned iyoT. ra Tqma unda, Tu guli da Tirkmelebi ar gawuxebT, an rame sxva mizeziT SezRuduli ar xarT siTxeze.

saqarTvelo mdidaria mineral-

uri wylebiT da es Sansi xelidan ar gauSvaT. rac SeiZleba sufTa, bune-brivi wyali sviT, ecadeT didi dro gaataroT Ria sivrceSi, erideT dax-urul Senobebs! fitoncidebiT mdi-dari haeri fiWvnarSia da ukeTesicaa filtvebisTvis...

zogadad unda icodeT, rom tem-peraturis cvlileba 4-5 (gradusi celsiusiT) iwvevs epidemiebs. Tu Tqven momzadebuli SexvdebiT am pe-riods, daavadebas advilad aicilebT Tavidan, Tu 4-5 gradusiT moimata temperaturam, miiReT aspirini Wamis Semdeg (kuWis wyluli, alergia da hipertonia ukuCvenebebia aspirinis misaRebad).

Tu temperaturam 4-5 gradusiT daiklo, miiReT vitamini “c” erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi, CaicviT bune-brivi qsovilis tansacmeli, xel-piri daibaneT mariliani wyliT (1 Cais kovzi erT Wiqa oTaxis temper-aturis wyalze). gansakuTrebiT kar-gad gamoirecxeT cxviris da piris Rruebi. yurebi gamoiwmindeT mSrali wesiT. mizanSewonilia kontrastuli abazanebi...

Tu maRali wneva ar gawuxebT, mi-irTviT Cai limoniT. (cacxvis, Jolos foTlebis, dekis...) Tu hipertoniki xarT, maSin Cai moiduReT.

gaciebis profilaqtikisTvis Se-saniSnavia yava 1 C.k. koniakiT, viskiT an balzamiT.

Tu sibrZnes mcenareebs dav-esesxebiT, mivetanoT tkbil sakvebs. rom ar gaiyinon, isini glukozas ima-rageben sazamTrod (Cven murabebi movimaragoT).

miirTviT Sokoladi, – is Seicavs bunebriv stimulators.

zamTris periodSi gaciebis al-baToba maRalia. gvaxsovdes, rom mik-robebi Cvenze Seyvarebuli arsebebi arian da cdiloben SigniT SemoaR-wion. kani abrkolebs maT (Tu mala-mos gadaisvamT, mTlad SeuRwevads gaxdiT maT). siTbos dakargva xelisa da fexis gulebidan ufro swrafad xdeba.

TvalebSi cremli (siTxe, ro-melic mlaSea) gvidgas da ebrZvis mikrobebs, yurebSi gogirdi gamoi-yofa da ar axarebs maT. cxvirisa da piris Rruebi xom filtrebia pirda-piri, amisTana dacvis patrons kidev gaSinebT rame? ara, Tqven ubralod giyvarT, Tqvenze rom zrunaven!

“Tanamemamule” elis Tqvens gamoxmaurebas. mogvawodeT Zveli xalxuri medicinis receptebi, rom-lebic, SesaZloa, daviwyebas miecnen.

SegvexmianeT Semdeg misamar-Tebze: [email protected] an [email protected]


emigrantTaJurnali

qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

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ana aivazovi, duseldorfi, germaniahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

bevri Canafiqri ukve realobad iqca

duseldorfis wminda anTi-moz iverielis saxelobis qarTuli samrevlo TandaTan Zlierdeba. dRiTidRe matulobs mrevlis aq-tiuroba. bevri Canafiqri ukve re-alobad iqca. yovel kviras, wirvis dasrulebis Semdeg, taZris amJamin-deli winamZRvari mRvdelmonozoni ise salocavSi axali saxeebisa da maziarebelTa matebiT xarobs...

susxiani zamTris miuxedavad, aq-tiurad moqmedebs sakvirao skola. patara emigrantebi ziarebis Sem-deg aq ewafebian mSobliuri enisa da istoriis sasicocxlo xsens, qar-Tuli sityvis gemos da Sereuli qarTuliT, naxevrad germanuli si-tyvebiT cdiloben TavianTi azrebis gadmocemas...

samrevlom axali welic izeima. locviT dawyebul qarTul sufras “mraval-Jamieri” amSvenebda...

5 ianvars q. kiolnis erT patara TeatrSi qarTuli speqtakli “emigrantTa sev-da” daidga. monawileTa didi umravlesoba Cveni mrevli-dan iyo. germaniis sxvadasxva kuTxidan Segrovili emi-granti monawileni mTeli mondomebiT cdilobdnen mayurebelTa winaSe realu-rad gancdili faqtebis asaxvas... erTi msaxiobi parizidanac ki Cam-ovida... speqtaklis sulis Camdg-meli, avtori da reJisori gaxldaT bilefeldeli qarTveli msaxiobi Tamar burduli. scenaric aseve emi-granti qarTvelis, baton jimi bedi-anaSvilis leqsebze iyo agebuli...

agvistos movlenebiT dasevdi-anebul mayurebels cremli mohgvara speqtaklSi asaxulma 9 aprilis epi-zodma da musikam... scenaze Tanxmi-erad monacvleobda omi da mSvido-ba, realoba da sizmari, evropa da saqarTvelo, warsuli da awmyo... ar-avin malavda samSoblos siyvaruls, aravis eSinoda sikvdilis... patrio-tuli sulis aRmafrena mayureblis sxeulebidan gasvlas lamobda...

Soreul germaniaSi myofi erTad-erTi personaJi, romelic cxra apri-lis tragedias gadaurCa, kvlavac samSobloze fiqriT da locviT ar-sebobda, zmanebac ki saqarTveloze hqonda.

speqtaklis dasrulebis Semdeg, garindebul darbazs dasi erTxmad Sehpirda warmodgenis gameoreba-ganvrcobas da SemoqmedebiTi moR-vaweobis Semdgom srulyofas.

kidev erTi saintereso qarTuli saRamo gamovida. foieSi Seyrili stumrebi qarTuli Rvinis Tanx-lebiT erT-urTs STabeWdilebas uziarebdnen.

samrevlos mgalobelTa gundi aqac ar iSurebda Zalisxmevas da qar-Tuli “mravalJamieriT” atkbobda stumrebs... imedia, germanul scenaze kvlavac araerTxel vixilavT qar-Tul, emigrantul Teatrs...

Sobis Rames diuseldorfis

taZari ver itevda mrevls...amdeni maziarebeli aqaurobas ar

axsovs. uzarmazari rigi idga, bed-nieri molodiniT gaciskovnebodaT saxeebi... naziarebi mrevli erTman-eTs ulocavda lamazi sityvebiT: “sakurneblad sulisa da xorcisa”, pasuxsac aravin izarebda: “sadide-blad uflisa”-o.

arc sazeimo wirvis dasruleb-is Semdeg daviwyebia mama ises six-aruliT aReniSna Cvens samrevloSi “ucxo saxeTa” mateba, is daufaravad gamoxatavda maziarebelTa matebiT gamowveul dadebiT emocias...

gamTeniisas mrevlma moZ-RvriTurT satrapezod gadain-acvla. uzarmazar sufras qar-Tuli kerZebi, Rvino, iumori da cekva-simRera amSvenebda.

STambeWdavi, didxans gamy-oli siTbo trialebda haer-Si... Tbili atmosfero guls axalisebda, suls malamod edeboda... ara, es mSobliuri mainc sul sxvaa, aravis ar hgavs da gemoc sxvanairad tk-bili aqvs...

ufalo, daloce Cemi sa-qarTvelo...

a.w. 5-12 noembers saqarTvelos sapatriarqos delegacia da mom-locvelTa jgufi italias ewvia. dagegmili iyo aseve uwmindesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqisa da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis ilia meoris vizitic, romelic patri-arqis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo, samwuxarod, ver Sedga.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos de-legaciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen: cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti dan-ieli, cxinvalisa da niqozis mit-ropoliti isaia, axalqalaqisa da kumurdos mitropoliti nikolo-zi, xonisa da samtrediis mitro-politi saba, sionis sakaTedro taZris winamZRvari protopresvi-teri giorgi zviadaZe, dekanozi daviT SaraSeniZe da sxvani. del-egaciis wevrebma paraklisebi aRav-lines italiis sxvadasxva qalaqSi arsebul marTlmadideblur siw-mindeebTan, maT Soris milanSi, wm.

ambrosi mediolanelis bazilikaSi, turinSi macxovris sudarasTan, romSi wm. pavlesa da wm. giorgis taZrebSi, xolo 12 noembers q. ba-riSi wm. nikolozis saflavze qar-Tul enaze aRevlina wirva, sadac saqarTvelos erTianobisa da mSvi-dobisaTvis erTdroulad locu-lobdnen stumrad myofi qarTveli momlocvelebi da adgilobrivi qarTveli mrevli. wirva qarTuli sagaloblebis TanxlebiT mimdin-areobda, romlebsac Tbilisis yovladwminda samebis sakaTedro taZris mgalobelTa gundi as-rulebda (xelmZRvaneli svimon jangulaSvili). emigraciaSi myof-ma qarTvelebma gulTbili daxve-dra mouwyves qarTvel sasuliero pirebs da imedi gamoTqves, rom momavalSi kvlav eqnebaT qarTul wirva-locvaze daswrebis SesaZle-bloba, rac maTTvis didi nugeSisa da sixarulis momgvrelia.manana tofaZe, pavia, italia


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qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi

italiis qarTuli emigracia arasodes gamoirCeoda Tavisi mravalricxovnebiTa da gan-sakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT, ma-gram da-Zma nino da giorgi yau-xCiSvilebis cxovreba da moR-vaweoba erTi uTvalsaCinoesi magaliTia imisa, Tu ucxoobaSi dabadebulma qarTvelma rogor gauTqva saxeli samSoblos da rogor Seswira mTeli Tavisi Segnebuli cxovreba sakuTar erze zrunvas.

warmoSobiT axalcixeli da meTvramete saukunis miwuruls

italielebma yauxCiSvlis premiaqarTvel mecniers mianiWes


nunu gelaZeborgomanero, italia


milanis universitetSi, sadac 1947 wels zogadi medicinisa da qirur-gis diplomis miRebisTanave mila-nis zogadi medicinis institutSi gaiara internatura da 1949 wels paTologiuri medicinis institut-Si daostatda. 1956 wels milanis sa-medicino departamentTan arsebuli moxucTa saxlis direqtorad dai-niSna, swored im periodidan Seudga igi asakovanTa nevrofsiqiatriisa da jeriatriis sakiTxebis kvlevas. 1959-1965 wlebSi g. yauxCiSvili pa-viis universitetis profesori da mkvlevaria. mogvianebiT igi moR-vaweobda los-anjelesSi, kalifor-niis universitetis gerontologiis

da Tavis tkivilis sauniversiteto centri (University Centre for Adaptive Disorders and Headache), romelic ita-liisa da evropis 11 universitets aerTianebs. maTve “italiis mondinis saxelobis nevrologiis kvleviTi centris” iniciativiT daaarses g. yauxCiSvilis saxelobis saerTaSori-so premia, romelic sxvadasxva dros nevrologiis sferoSi moRvawe ita-liel, qarTvel, rus, bulgarel da daniel mecnierebs mieniWaT.

wleuls, 1 oqtombers milanis am-brozianas saxelobis universitetis pinakoTekaSi es Rirseuli, amjerad ukve IX premia CrdiloeT italiis in-teleqtualuri sazogadoebisa da

fasdaudebel Rvawlze paviis uni-versitetSi nevrojeriatriis, ro-gorc dargis, safuZvlis Camyrelze isaubres paviis, milanisa da romis universitetebis profesorebma, mi-sma kolegebma da mowafeebma f. an-tonaCim, j. bonom, j. napim, misma dam n. yauxCiSvilma, xolo m. tofaZem sa-zogadoebas gaacno cnobil qarTvel emigrantTa saqmianoba da Rvawli italiasa da evropaSi. maT Soris xaz-gasmiT aRniSna n. yauxCiSvilis, berga-mos universitetis erT-erTi damaar-seblis damsaxureba italiisadmi da samSoblo saqarTvelosadmi, rac sul ramdenime dRis Semdeg, 5 oqtombers Sveicariis q. luganoSi saerTaSoriso kulturuli centris “universumis” prezidentma v. rubertom evropis sxvadasxva qveynidan mowveul stu-mrebs auwya da saerTaSoriso Jiuris mier asze met qalSi gamorCeul n. yau-xCiSvils prestiJuli premia “wlis saukeTeso qali” gadasca.

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sxva kaTolike me-sxebTan erTad qu-TaisSi Casaxlebu-li, ganaTlebiTa da sibrZniT gamorCeu-li yauxCiSvilebis ojaxis am Rirseu-li STamomavlebis Rvawli jerjero-biT mxolod evro-paSi dafasda saTa-nadod. kerZod, italiaSi dResac mowiwebiT ixsenie-ben g. yauxCiSvilis saxels, rogorc nevrojeria-triis skolis erT-erT damaar-sebels, brwyinvale mecniersa da pedagogs, ramdenime enis ubadlo mcodnesa da qarizma-tul pirovnebas. igi daibada berlinSi 1923 wlis 19 oqtom-bers. berlinis kantis saxelo-bis liceumSi ganaTlebis mi-Rebis Semdeg swavla gaagrZela

qarTuli saTvisto-mos xalxmraval ga-remocvaSi gadaeca q. esenis universitetSi moRvawe qarTvel ne-vrologs zaza qacara-vas, romelmac Tavisi uzado inglisuriT waikiTxa SesaniSnavi moxseneba qarTuli medicinisa da kerZod qarTuli nevrolo-giis istoriis Sesaxeb.

g. yauxCiSvilis

centrSi (Gerontology Center of UCLA) da Semdeg ki kiolnis maqs plankid in-stitutSi. sxvadasxva enaze gamoqvey-nebuli aqvs 93-ze meti naSromi. 1975 wlis gazafxulze moulodnelad Sewyda misi sicocxle.

misi Rvawlis ukvdavsayofad ma-dlierma kolegebma da studenteb-ma 1992 wels Seqmnes g. yauxCiSvilis saxelobis adaptaciis darRvevebisa


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ucnobi faqtebisaqarTvelo-CrdiloeT kavkasiis

urTierTobis istoriidan

istoriul dokumentTa gamoqveynebas, wminda sa-mecniero Rirebulebis garda, xSirad sxva, aranakleb mniSvnelovani datvirTvac gaaCnia. kerZod, maTi kiTx-visas, saSualeba gvaqvs TvalSisacem istoriul para-lelTa safuZvelze ukeT gavaanalizoT Cveni Taname-drove epoqis movlenebi.

swored am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT dokumenti, romelsac amjerad vTvazobT “Tanamemamules” mkiTxv-els. saqme exeba general leo kereseliZis (1884-1943) werils, romelic am ukanasknelma 1922 wlis ivlisSi miswera damoukidebeli saqarTvelos devnili mTav-robis Tavmjdomares, dasavleTSi massaviT iZulebiT gadmoxvewil noe Jordanias.

Jurnalis erT-erT wina nomerSi Cven ukve gamo-vaqveyneT l. kereseliZis mier gasuli saukunis 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi dawerili avtobiografia (Curricu-lum Vitae), romelic sakmao sisruliT mogviTxrobs mis politikur da samxedro moRvaweobaze1.

cnobilia isic, rom 1918 wlis noemberSi saqarT-veloSi dabrunebul l. kereseliZes, sakmaod ara-erTgvarovani urTierTo-bebi hqonda Cveni qveynis imdroindel socialistur mTavrobasTan. 1917 wlis ruseTis Tebervlis revo-luciis wiaRiadan gamosu-li saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli xelisuf-leba undoblobiT uyure-bda pirveli msoflio omis wlebSi evropaSi moRvawe qarTvel “nacionalist” patriotebs. Tumca ufro gvian, saxelmwifo mSene-blobis procesSi, iZule-buli gaxda esargebla maTi politikuri da samxedro gamocdilebiT.

Tavad l. kereseliZe mudam mzad iyo Tavis Tavze aeRo saxifaTo, mZime da sa-pasuxismgeblo misiebi. swored is meTaurobda qarT-velTa saeqspedicio razms, romelic 1919 wlis agvis-toSi gagzavnil iqna CeCneTSi, adgilobriv mTielebT-an erTad general denikinis saokupacio jarebis wi-naaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. rogorc Cans, kereseliZis daniSvna am postze ganapiroba im faqtmac, rom am droisaTvis mas ukve gaaCnda CrdilokavkasielebTan urTierTobis sakmao gamocdileba. pirveli msoflio omis dros germanuli armiis egidiT Seqmnil qarTul legionSi, romelsac 1915-1916 wlebSi meTaurobda

� ix.: g. mamulia. generali leo kereseliZe. is uangarod em-saxureboda samSoblos. “Tanamemamule”, ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa centraluri perioduli gamocema. Tbilisi, 2007, N. 3(24). gv. 14-16.

l. kereseliZe, qris-tiani da musulmani qarTvelebis garda iricxebodnen Crdil-okavkasieli mTiele-bic2. amave dros, l. kereseliZes, qarTvel samxedroTa udide-si nawilis msgavsad, kargad esmoda saqa-rTvelos usafrTxoe-bis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi Crdilokavka-siuri faqtoris mniS-vnelobac.

samwuxarod, l. ke-reseliZisagan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli mTavroba, rogorc Cans bolomde ver acnobierebda CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxTa mimarT

kavkasiis regionis obieq-turi geopolitikuri re-aliebiT ganpirobebuli ufro aqtiuri politikis gatarebis aucileblobas.

winamdebare dokumen-ti, Tu ki mas SevudarebT sxva saistorio wyaroebs, Seicavs saintereso da aqa-mde ucnob informacias l. kereseliZis 1921 wlis dasawyisSi CrdiloeT ka-vkasiaSi dagegmili eqs-pediciebis Sesaxeb.

1920 wlis meore nax-evarSi, bolSevikTa mier okupirebul CeCneTsa da daRestanSi ifeTqa sax-alxo ajanyebam rusebis winaaRmdeg3. imave wlis 2 ivniss, daRestnel meam-boxeTa erT-erTma meTau-rma, polkovnikma yaiTmaz

alixanovma daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavrobas. qarTvelma social-demokratebma, romleb-mac sul erTi Tvis win, 7 maiss, bolSevikur ruseTTan xelSekruleba dades, romlis ZaliTac kremli iurid-iulad scnobda saqarTvelos damoukideblobas, Tavi Seikaves mTielTa daxmarebisagan4. rogorc Cans, isini

� ix.: k. salia. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komiteti pirveli msoflio omis dros. “bedi qarTlisa”, parizi, 1962, N. 39-40. gv. 18. � W. E. D. Allen, P. Muratoff. Caucasian Battlefields. A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border. 1828-1921. Cambridge: University Press, 1953. p. 510-527.� dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb ix.: m. baxtaZe, g. mamulia. masalebi saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis urTierTobis istori-

SveicariaSi qarTvel studentTa asociacia “iv-eriis” wevrebi Jenevis universitetis daarsebis 350 wlisTavis aRniSvnis dros. centrSi zis asocia-ciis Tavmjdomare leo kereseliZe. droSiT xelSi, – nestor maRalaSvili. Jeneva, Sveicaria, 1909 w.

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

giorgi mamuliasocialur mecnierebaTadoqtori, safrangeTi


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imedovnebdnen, rom wiTeli ruseTi daicavda xsenebul xelSekrulebas. am iluzias bolomde iziarebda saqarT-velos mTavrobis udidesi nawili. niSandoblivia, rom 1921 wlis dekemerSic ki, ru-seTis me-11 armiis saqarT-veloSi SemoWramde ori TviT adre, saqarTvelos mTavro-bis Tavmjdomare n. Jordania Seecada gamoeyenebina daR-estnelTa Txovna daxmarebis Sesaxeb mxolod rogorc kremlze diplomatiuri ze-wolis saSualeba5.

am politikiTve unda aixsnebodes isic, Tu ratom ver ganxorcielda l. kereseliZis is iniciativebi, romelTa Sesaxeb is Tavad mogviTxrobs winamdebare werilSi. dokumentis Tanaxmad, jer kidev 1920 wlis noember-dekemberSi l. kereseliZem, daRestanSi far-To antirusuli ajanyebis gaCaRebis mizniT, winaswari SeTanxmeba dado es-es aris yirimidan TurqeTSi evakuireb-uli general vrangelis armiis Crdil-okavkasiuri nawilebis meTaurebTan. qarTuli mTavrobis Tanxmobis SemTx-vevaSi, saqarTvelos unda gaetarebina sakuTar teritoriaze mTielTa 2500 kaciani samxedro kontingenti, ro-melic leo kereseliZis meTaurobiT da qarTvel instruqtorebTan erTad unda gagzavniliyo ajanyebul daRes-tanSi rus bolSevikTa winaaRmdeg sa-brZolvelad.

Tavad l. kereseliZe bolomde cdi-lobda xsenebuli operaciis ama Tu im formiT ganxorcielebas. ase, 1921 wlis martSic ki, rodesac bolSevikTa mier saqarTvelos srul okupacias ramden-ime dRe-Ra aklda, partizanuri moq-medebebis dawyebis mizniT mzad iyo Crdilokavkasiel moxaliseebTan erTad qluxoris uReltexiliT gada-suliyo yaraCais teritoriaze. rogorc daRestnis, ise yaraCais eqspediciis warmatebiT ganxorcieleba savsebiT realuri iyo. wiTlebis mier axlad dapyrob-il CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, antibolSevikuri moZraoba Zlierad iyo gavrcelebuli ara mxolod adgilobriv mTielebSi, aramed rus kazakebSic ki6.

idan (1917-1921 wlebi). Tbilisi: “artanuji”, 2005.

� CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi sakavSiro Cekas warmomadgenlis, k. landeris SefasebiT, 1920 wlis SemodgomisaTvis mdgomareoba regionSi ukiduresad arastabiluri da feTqebadi iyo. rac gansakuTrebiT igrZnoboda CeCneTSi, daRestansa da Tergis ilqSi, yabardoelebsa da yaraCaelebs Soris. Ceka flobda informacias imis Sesaxebac, rom antibolSevikurad ganywobil mTielebs da kazakebs qluxoris uReltexiliT kavSiri hqondaT da konkretul daxmarebasac iRebdnen qarTvelebisagan. rogorc Cans, aq saqme gvaqvs ara oficialur kontaqtebTan, aramed amboxebulTa saidumlo kavSirebTan damoukidebeli saqarTvelos dazvervasTan. ix.:

am movlenebTan dakav-SirebiT, interesmoklebuli ar iqneba vaxsenoT saqarT-velos social-demokrati-uli mTavrobis nagvianevi, Tumca mainc ganxorciele-buli bolo kavkasiuri ini-ciativa.

kerZod, rogorc Semd-gom ixsenebda emigraciaSi CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTiel-Ta respublikis yofili sagareo saqmeTa ministri

haidar bamati, “[...] bolSevizmis winaaRmdeg saerToka-vkasiuli frontis Seqmnis mcdelobas adgili hqonda ukanasknel momentSic ki, – im dros, rodesac sab-WoTa ruseTi Tavs daesxa saqarTvelos, – kavkasiuri erovnuli ideis am bolo TavSesafars.

azerbaijanel da Crdilokavkasiel patriotTa mier, romlebmac Tavi saqarTvelos Seafares, Camoaya-

libebul iqna£azerbaijanul-Crdi-lokavkasiuri komiteti.

1921 wlis 22 Tebervlis radioga-mosvlaSi, [...] misma Tavmjdomarem, hai-dar bamatma, ganacxada, rom komite-tis mizania “ruseTis okupaciisagan azerbaijanisa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis ganTavisufleba, demokratiuli re-spublikis aRdgena da kavkasiuri kon-federaciis Camoyalibeba”.

imave dRes, komitetma, romelic sa-qarTvelos mTavrobis mier azerbaija-nisa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis droebiT mTavrobad iqna aRiarebuli, saqarT-velos teritoriaze myof azerbaija-nel da Crdilokavkasiel mkvidrTa mobilizacia gamoacxada.

komitetis samxedro nawilebma aq-tiuri monawileoba miiRes saqarTve-los dedaqalaqis Tbilisis dacvaSi,

ris Semdegac qarTuli armiis narCenebTan erTad ba-Tumisken daixies”�.

amrigad, rogorc winamdebare dokumenti, ise Cvens mier zemoTganxiluli masalebi TvalnaTliv asabu-Teben, rom qarTvel social-demokratTa uniaTobam daukarga saqarTvelos Sansi gaewia karze momxduri mtrisaTvis ufro Rirseuli winaaRmdegoba, vidre amas adgili hqonda 1921 wels. dokumentis asli aR-movaCineT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis saarqivo masalebze muSaobis dros. xsene-bul saarqivo dokumentTa mikrofirebi inaxeba q. nan-teris (safrangeTi) “Tanamedrove saerTSoriso doku-mentaciis biblioTekaSi”�. werilis teqsti qveyndeba ucvlelad, mcire orTografiuli SesworebebiT. te-qsts Tan vurTavT istoriuli xasiaTis komentarebs.

� H. Bammate. Le Caucase et la révolution russe. (Aspect politique), Pa-ris: l’Union Nationale des Emigrés de la République du Caucase du Nord, 1929. p. 61-62. � Bibliothèque de documentation internationale contemporaine (BDIC, Nanterre), Microfilms des archives du gouvernement géorgien. Mfm 881. Bobine 138.

Tanamemamules redaqcia guliTadad ulo-cavs baton giorgi mamulias safrangeTis socialur mecnierebaTa umaRlesi skolis doqtoris xarisxis miniWebas da mec-nierebis ukidegano gzaze uSret en-ergiasa da uTvalav warmatebas usurvebs.

leo kereseliZe, foto ru-suli “oxrankis“ arqividan, ga-suli saukunis 10-iani wlebi.


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9 TibaTve, 1922 w. baden-baden[i]saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas qalaq parizSi

batono Tavmjdomare,

jer kidev SarSan mindoda mimewera mTavrobisaTvis, magram varCie dros moetana CemTvis saWiro simSvide da gulis vnebis daneleba, raTa ukadrisi araferi gamebed-na im mTavrobisaTvis, romlis morCileba da pativiscema aris yoveli qarTvelis patriotuli movaleoba.

mTavrobam damatusaRa me baToms gasul marts da araviTari braldebiTi oqmi ar wamouyenebia. me dRemdin ar vici, raT viyav datusaRebuli. ar vici... da rodesac vekiTxebi Cem sindiss, araviTar danaSauls ar vgrZnob. mTavrobam Cemi dakiTxvac ki ar ineba. Tumca xom SesaZlo iyo, iseTi sabuTi wamomeyenebina Cemi Tavis dasacvelaT, romelic braldebas gaaqarwylebda. mgoni mTavrobas moexseneboda, rom ar viyav iseTi “vinme pirovneba”, rom-lis advilaT damcireba dasaSvebi yofiliyos. marTalia, didi ara gamik-eTebia ra Cemi qveynisTvis, magram Tu erovnulaT raime gakeTda evro-paSi didi omis dros; – me viyav erTi pirvelTagani am muSaobisa. mTavrobas moexseneba, rom erovnulma komitetma gaswia didi muSaoba evropaSi, rom germanias man gaacno saqarTvelo, rom man moipova germaniis simpatiebi saqarTvelosadmi, rom man 4 wlis gan-mavlobaSi [Tavi] mo[u]y[a]ra 14 aTas qarT[vel] tyves da gadaarCina isini bolSevizms, rom Tu germania daexmara saqarTvelos Turqebis winaaRmdeg, es iyo nayofi erovn[uli] komitetis muSaobisa1. me viyav erTi sul Camdgme-li am komitetisa. me Sevkar germaniasa da komitets Sua xelSekruleba, ro-gorc komitetsa da osmaleTs Sua. me Se[v]q[m]en Cemis energiiT da codniT qarT[uli] le-gioni, is legioni, romelmac qarTvelebs germanelebis TvalSi vaJkacobis unari da saxeli moupova. me viyav is, romelmac 1914 [wels] pirvelaT daamarcxa rusebi mur-Rulsa da aWaraSi. romelmac pirvelaT saqarTvelos da-moukideblobis saxeliT daRv[a]ra mtris sisxli. mgoni, es yovelive icoda mTavrobam da miuxedavaT yovelisa, momeqca ise, rogorc yaCaRs da moRalates.

vimeoreb, dResac ar vici, raT viyav datusaRebuli. mxoloT Tu quCis laparaks davemyar, ase amboben, rom me mbraldeba 5 mil[ioni] man[eTis] miTviseba, e.i. im avansisa, romelic jarisaTvis aviRe. rom me ar Sem[e]dginos razmi, romlis Sedgenac momandes da rom me brZolidan gamovq-ceuliyav. Tu es asea, mokleT vityvi: es aris sazizRari Wori... mikvirs, mTavroba rogor ahyva amisTana cilisw-amebas! me maqvs yovelgvari sabuTebi, rom me var sruli-ad wminda am saqmeSi.

1 erovnuli komiteti. – 1914-1918 wlebSi berlinSi petre surgulaZis TavmjdomareobiT arsebuli saqarTvelos da-moukideblobis komiteti, romlis erT-erT wevri iyo Ta-vad leo kereseliZe. dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb ix.: W. Bihl. Die Kaukasus-Politik der Mittelmächte. Ihre Basis in der Orient-Politik und ihre Aktionen 1914-1917. Wien-Köln-Graz : Hermann Böhlaus Nachf , 1975, Teil. I. S. 56-82.

sasaciloa, rom me 5 mil[ioni] maneTi momeparna. garda amisa, rom zneobrivaT ar vikadreb raimes moparvas, me maqvs da mqonda imdeni materialuri SeZleba, rom amisTa-na saqcieli ar damWirdeboda. im dros me mqonda Sveicar-iidan wamoRebuli 50 aTasi franguli franki. Sveicari-idan davbrundi mxoloT imitom, rom saqarTvelo oms eloda bolSevikebTan. es bat[onma] e. gegeWkorma2 kargaT icis. SveicariaSi gavyide nawili Cemi mamulebisa da es fuli unda momexmarebina daRestnis saqmesaTvis, sadac vapirebdi wasvlas. esec icis e. gegeWkorma, radganac mas JenevaSi Cemi plani ga[v]uziare. es fuli wamoviRe Tan, vinaidan vicodi, – mTavroba daRestnisaTvis arafers momcemda, rogorc ar momca pirveli eqspediciis dros

da maSinac iZulebuli viyav, Cemi sa-kuTari fuli damexarja saqmeze.

amdeni fulis patroni davexa-rbebodi 5 mil[ion] maneTs? es xuTi milioni man[eTi] omis drois kursiT, mgoni, 8 aTas franksac ki ar udrida. me Tana maqvs angariSi Cemi sameurneo nawilis ufrosisa, saidanac sCans, rom me im 5 mil[ion] maneTs arc ki mi-vkarebivar.

razmi, marTalia, cxenosani ver Sevadgine, magram vin SesZlo misi Sed-gena? miuxedavaT yovelive zomisa, ver viSove 4 cxeni, romelsac SesZleboda 15 versis siaruli. ratom gvardiam 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi ver SesZlo erTi polki cxenosanTa mainc Seedgina? da ranairaT SevZlebdi me 3 dRis ganmav-lobaSi 200 an 100 cxenis Sovnas? rom mTavrobas CemTvis erTi Tvis wineT mo-endo saqme, me CeCneTidan Camoviyvandi or cxenosan polks. magram miuxedavaT Cemis Txovnisa, yuri aravin maTxova. ra ver movaxerxe cxenosanTa Sedgena, – Sevadgine fexosanTa razmi, – 300 kaci, da maSinve mTavrobis Tavmjdo-

mares movaxsene. miuxedavaT bat[on] Jordanias brZanebi-sa, saintendantom ar momca araferi jarisaTvis. es iyo survili bat[on] goguasi!3 bat[onma] zaxariaZem4 ar momca arc erTi Tofi. am traRikul momentSi bevri kerZo sim-patiebiT da antipatiebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen! sabax-tariSvili mowamea, rom me aRelvebuli mivedi StabSi da protesti gamovacxade goguas saqcielze. bat[oni] sab-axtariSvili dampirda saqmis “morigebas”, magram albaT daaviwyda da me veraferi ver miviRe. mowamea agreTve juReli5, romelsac SevCivle Stabis karebTan; – iaraRs da tansacmels ar maZleven da gTxovT mxari damiWiroT meTqi. isic “dampirda”... amasobaSi Tbilisi aiRes. ra-sakvirvelia, raime razmis Sedgenis ideas Tavi davanebe, vinaidan Tu TbilisSi ar momces iaraRi da tanisamosi,

2. igulisxmeba saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sagareo (gareSe) saqmeTa ministri evgeni gegWkori. 3 igulisxmeba saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis Tavdacvis (samxedro) saministros mTavari saintendantos ufrosi kalistrate gogua.4 igulisxmeba saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis Sei-araRebuli Zalebis generaluri Stabis ufrosi, generali aleqsandre zaqariaZe.5 igulisxmeba saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sax-alxo gvardiis meTauri valerian (valiko) juReli.

leo kereseliZe, gasuli saukunis 10-iani wlebi.

general kereseliZis werili noe Jordanias


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aba gzaSi daxevis dros vin ras momcemda?6 iZulebuli viyav Cemis iniciativiT memoqmeda, rom raime gamekeTe-bina samSoblosaTvis. me mqonda sami plani da vfiqrobdi, erT-erTi mainc asrulebaSi momeyvana. mokleT vityvi, vinaidan werilSi Znelia dawvrilebiTi axsna. pirveli: Zveli legionerebis Segrov[eb]a aWaraSi da axalcixis mxriv ieriSi mterze. meore: Tu pirvel plans ver gan-vaxorcielebdi, mindoda stambolidan Camomeyvana 2500 mTieli, romelnic vrangelis jaridan iyvnen gamoyo-filni da SeiaraRebul-darazmulni. me ukve omis wineT molaparakeba mqonda visTanac jer ars, rom es 2500 kaci daRestanSi wameyvana, yovelive mzaT iyo, mxoloT saWiro iyo qarT[uli] mTavrobis nebarTva Cven teritoriaze gatarebisaTvis. maqvs yovelive sabuTi amisa. Tbilisis aRebis Semdeg vifiqre, es jari mainc ga-momeyenebina da gagrasa da suxum[s] Sua mtris zurgSi gadamesxa. mesame: Tu ar-cerTi am or planidan ar ganxorciel-deboda, mindoda rogorme kavkasionis qediT, qluxoris uReltexilze, yara-CaiSi gadasvla. vicodi, rom iq bevri gaqceuli da SeiaraRebuli mTielni da yazaxebi imalebodnen. vapirebdi amaT garazm[v]as da mtris zurgSi dakvras. vimeoreb, yovelive am planebis sisrule-Si moyvana mindoda Cemi sakuTari fuliT da is 5 mil[ioni] maneTi, romlis mopar-vas mabralebT, arc ki minaxavs. me dResac mzaTa var Cem qveyanas Sevwiro Cemi qone-bac da sicocxlec, da maqvs erTic da meorec mxoloT Cemi samSoblosaTvis.

samTave planis Sesaxeb samjer mivwere baTomidan moxseneba baton mTavrobis Tavmjdomares. pirveli moxseneba bat[on] gegeWkoris mandaturis xeliT. batoni afxazi exla berlinSia da daamtkicebs Cems sityvas.

meore moxseneba bat[on] giorgaZis7 (namyofi mandaturi bat[on] lorTqi-faniZisa). mesame Sriftiani telegrama baTomis umaRlesi komisris saSualebiT. kopio am telegramisa exlac zeda maqvs.

vercerTi am planTagani ver ganvaxorciele cali mxriv imitom, rom omi male gaTavda, da me ki darwmunebuli vi-yav, rom aprilamdis mainc gastanda, meore mxriv imitom, rom baton[ma] gvarjalaZem8 arc ki ineba Cemi mosmenac ki.

6 xsenebuli ambebi leo kereseliZes dawvrilebiT aqvs aR-werili Tavis avtobiografiaSic. misi TqmiT, 1920 wlis bo-los Sveicariidan saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdeg, “mTav-robas winadadeba miveci, saCqaroT gavegzavneT CeCneTSi, saidanac SemeZlo 4000 cxenosanis gadmoyvana. rusebis wi-naaRmdeg saWiro da ucilebeli iyo cxenosani jari. Cven, rom brZolis velze 1000 cxenosani gvyoloda, erT kviraSi rusis jars sastikaT davamarcxebdiT. mTavroba damTanxmda, magram saqme gaaWianura da mxolod maSin mommarTes, roca Tbilisze ukve 7 versiT mogvadgnen mtrebi da Cveni meore brigada tyveT waiyvanes. Cemi planis ganxorcieleba ukve gvianRa iyo. maSin mTavrobam damavala ori dRis ganmavlobaSi TbilisSi Semedgina 300 cxenosani. me movaxsene mTavrobas amisi Seu-Zlebloba. magram ramiSvilma mainc daiJina es da me davpirdi Secdas. xolo am Secdam unayofoT Caiara, radgan aramcTu cxenebi, aramed TbilisSi aT unagirze meti ver viSovne”. ix. g. mamulia. generali leo kereseliZe. gv. 16.7 igulisxmeba baTumis general-gubernatori grigol gior-gaZe. 8 igulisxmeba saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sagareo (gareSe) saqmeTa ministris moadgile (amxanagi) kon-

is ufro imis muSaobaSi iyo, evakuaciis gemebi eSova, vidre raime dadebiTi saqme gaekeTebina.

me Tu rameSi mim[i]ZRvis danaSauli, mxoloT imaSi, rom omi daiwyo Tu ara, maSinve daRestans unda wavsuli-yav da vcdiliyav iqidan bolSevikebis zurgSi memoqmeda. Tavidanve unda gadaWriT meTqva mTavrobisaTvis, rom or-sam dReSi cxenosan[i] razmis Sedgena SeuZlebeli iyo... magram Sevcdi da am Cem Secdomas Cemi samSoblos winaSe gamovisyidi. Tumca vin ar Sescda maSin CvenSi? dee… suyvela daekiTxos Tavis Tavs... sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, gana Secdoma ar iyo, rom Stabs araviTari daaxloebiTi cnoba ar hqonda mtris Zalaze, rom mas Tbilisis dacvis planic ki ara hqonda? gana Secdoma ar iyo, rom saukeTeso brigada Cvenis xeliT miveciT

mters? rom Tbilisi garSemo mtris so-flebiT iyo Semortymuli da es soflebi ar gadavasaxleT? rom arc gvardiam, arc regul[arulma] jarma, arc erTi polki cxenosanTa ar Seadgina? rom 60.000 kacis magier brZolis velze 6 aTasic ki ara gvy-avda? da gana Tbilisis dacla Secdoma ar iyo? ara sjobda iq gagvewyvita jari, sa-marcxvino sirbilis magier? da ramdenia da ramdeni sxva aseTi Secdomebi...

batono Tavmjdomare, me yovelT-vis darwmunebuli viyav Tqvens samar-TlianobaSi da dResac darwmunebuli var. amitom mogmarTavT Tqven TxovniT, oriode sityviT amixsnaT, raT viyav da-tusaRebuli.

garda magisa, gTxovT daniSnoT komis-ia berlinSi, romelic gaarCevs Cem saqmes da moismens Cem sabuTebs. amas aqvs CemTvis didi mniSvneloba, vinaidan me vcnob Cem kanonier mTavrobas, ranair garemoeba-Sic unda iyos igi da ranairi politikuri situaciac ar unda Seiqnes Cven qveyanaSi. garda magisa, me gulxeldakrefili ar davdgebi da Cem qveynisaTvis vimuSaveb. me maqvs Cemi plani moqmedebisa, myavs Cemi mimdevrebi da Tanamoazreni da niadagic

muSaobisa da msurs es Cemi muSaoba mTavrobis politikas eguebodes.

nebas mivcem Cem Tavs, mogaxsenoT kidev Semdegi. ro-gorc TviT bat[onma] gvarjalaZem miTxra, mas ucnobebia mTavrobisaTvis, rodesac igi baTomidan gemze amovida (revkomis gamocxadebis dRes), rom me viTom bolSeviki vyofiliyo da imaTTan memuSaos. esec ciliswamebaa. yovelive SemTxvevaSi bat[oni] gvarjalaZe, romelic TviT bolSeviki brZandeboda da romelsac sityva “pa-trioti” sagineblaT hqonda gamxdari, ver mikiJinebs samSoblosadmi araloialobas. me, batono Tavmjdomare, arc “axali” patrioti var, arc “SemTxveviTi” mamuliS-vili. samSoblos siyvaruli CemSi bunebrivia da dedis ZuZusTana maqvs Sewovili. me viyav erTguli da davrCebi erTguli mamulisa. momavali gviCvenebs yovelives...

umorCilesaT gTxovT, batono Tavmjdomarev, rac SeiZleba male daniSnoT komisia, vinaidam me am sam kvira-Si mivdivar aRmosavleTSi samogzauroT.

davrCebi Tqveni pativismcemeli, da, miuxedavaT yov-elisa, mTavrobis erTguli Ren[erali] leo kereseliZe.

Zähringer Hoff Hotel, Baden-Baden.publikacia moamzada giorgi mamuliam. safrangeTi

stantine gvarjalaZe.

giorgi da leo kereseli-Zeebi, Sveicaria, gasuli

saukunis 10-iani wlebi.


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didi mamuliSvilis auxdeneli ocneba

eZRvneba revaz gabaSvilis xsovnashhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh cicino jervaliZe,

niu-iorki, aSS

qarTuli modgmis wvlili msoflio civilizaciaSi

parizSi, me-15 ubanSi, erT patara, mokrZalebul binaSi, warmosadegi moxuci dafiqrebuli gadis oTaxidan oTaxSi. zafxulia, Tumca mTeli misi arseba erTgvar sicives autania. dro da dro sawer magidasTan midis da sev-dianad misCerebia magidaze daxvavebul wignebsa da xelnawerebs. ukve xuTi we-lia, saukeTeso megobrisa da meuRlis gardacvalebis Semdeg saSinel mar-toobas ganicdis. axla ki siberesTan erTad avadmyofobac Sehparvia. aRar icis, ra hqnas, ra gzas daadges. mar-Talia parizis qarTveloba moxucTa TavSesafarSi dawolas Tu ara, hospi-talSi darCenasa da mkurnalobas mainc urCevs, magram Tavis mZime da Seuval xasiaTs arc axla Ralatobs, ufro swo-rad, saocari winaTgrZnoba ar asvenebs, TiTqos icis, icis, rom saavadmyofo-dan cocxali veRar gamova. arada, ra

uyos amden naSroms, amden gamokvlevas, mTeli cxovreba rom Sealia. samiode TveSi 86 weli Seusruldeba, sikvdil-amdec samiode Tve Tu darCenia. amqvey-nad erTaderTi adamianis imedi aqvs, im adamianisa, visac araerTxel gau-marTavs misTvis xeli da misi ubralo Txovnac ki arasodes dautovebia uy-uradRebod. hoda, isev mas miswers, mas gauziarebs Tavis fiqrsa da ocne-bas. magidasTan jdeba da weras iwyebs, xelic ki aRar emorCileba da ramden-ime gverdis daweras sam dRes andomebs. es moxuci safrangeTis qarTuli emi-graciis gamoCenili sazogado moRvawe da mecnieri batoni revaz gabaSvilia, xolo werilis adresati – “amerikis xmis” qarTuli ganyofilebis erT-erTi cnobili wamyvani, masze gacilebiT um-crosi, magram guliani qarTveli bato-ni petre xvedeliZe…

…sami dRis ganmavlo-baSi iwereboda es tkivil-iani, Rrmad damafiqrebe-li werili. avtoriseuli stili daculia…

parizi, 27.VII.1968

Zvirfaso Zmao petre,

Seni yuradReba da keTili survilebi Cemi wignis mimarT metad maxarebs, magram ase vsTqvaT, es wigni im-denad Zvirfasia, rom keTili survilebi veras Svelis. SensaviT mainc sxva qarTvelebs esmodeT misi mniS-vneloba, SeiZleba adamians kidev hqonodes risime im-edi. samwuxarod, umravlesobas ar esmis misi mecnier-uli, istoriuli da politikuric ki Sinaarsi. metadre, rogorc sabrZolo iaraRi, Tund im somxebis da somxo-filuri “mecnierebis” winaaRmdeg da “istorikosebisa”, romelnic saukunoebiT ebrZvian, malaven, abaTileben yvelafers qarTuls da usindisod iCemeben Cvens is-toriul ganZeuls, rogorc nivTiers, ise teritori-alurs, suliers Tu yvela sxvagvars. Cemi wignis1 mTe-li Tavi miZRvnili maqvs swored am yalbi mecnierebis mcdar, unamuso da utifro naCmaxevis winaaRmdeg. da qarTvel sazogadoebas rom erovnuli Segneba hqondes, marto amis gamoqveynebaSi ar daiSurebda Tavis movale-obis moxdas xarjebis gaRebiT. qalbatoni anna erisTavi didaT damexmara mecnieruli masalebisa, wignebisa: am broSuris2 gamocema-gamravleba[Si]. magram cxovrebisa da metadre beWdvis gaZvirebis gamo erTi-aTad, – didi wignis gamosacemad TiTqmis aRaraferi damrCa. saWiro ki aris 6000 dolari = 30000 axali, anu 3000000 Zveli franki. marto erisTavebisa da bagrationebis sagvar-euloTa mecnierul-istoriuli cnobebi rad Rirs. Cemi wignisa rom esmodeT amaT mainc, ar daiSurebdnen…

1 “qarTveli modgmis wvlili msoflio civilizaciaSi”2 saubaria r. gabaSvilis broSuraze, romlis 3 egzempli-aric avtorma p. xvedeliZes gaugzavna.

saSviliSvilo saqmisaTvis, Tund praqtikuli mizniTac: “didi amerikeli xalxi (80% mainc) aris kavkasiuri modg-misa (rasisa) da mTeli qarTveloba da kavkasielnic xom varT da varT. Cveni Soreuli naTesaoba gana misaCqmalia an umniSvnelo?”

Seni gamogzavnili Jurnalis amonaWeri friad sain-teresoa imiT ki ara, rom CemTvis axali ram iyos, aramed rogorc meaTed damadasturebeli Cemi wignis mTavari azrisa. da gana Cem broSuraSi, sxva ilustraciebTan erTad, swored igive Wagon, car da wheel-ebi ara maqvs dabeWdili? erTaderTi axalia Cveneburi uremis mon-agvari naxati (gv. 83-ze), magram darwmunebuli ara var jera, rom es namdvilad napovnia arqeologiurad da ara “nawarmoebi”… “somxuri fantaziiT” an “erevan-skaia radio”-Ti? me arsad Semxvedria iqaur wignebSi da Tu sworea (?), kidev erTi sabuTi iqneba Cemi kvlevis simarTlisa, rom qarTvelebi qaldevelTa modgmisani varT da “sa-qarTu-elo” aris sul cota 5000 wlis Cveni saxelwodeba. Marshall McLuhan-i da Stuart Piggott-i – Cemi “lamazi TvalebisaTvis” xom ara sweren da xataven Tavis werilebSi urmebs?

Sen did samsaxurs gamiwev mec da saqarTvelosac, Tu am mecnierTa da am Jurnalis misamarTebs gamigeb da amasTanave gamogzavnil sam broSuras maT gaugzavni. Semdeg me gamovelaparakebi. Tu misamarTebs ver iSovni, Jurnalis redaqcias gaugzavne samive, am profesore-bis dasaxelebiT: erTi McLuhan-s, erTi Stuart-s da erTi redaqcias.

unda gacnobo, rom aq Camovida karlo inasariZe miunxenis radiosagan, magnitofonze gadaiRo Cemi 3 in-terviu (Cemi monawileoba saqarTvelos damoukideblo-bis gamocxadebaSi; dedaCemis ekaterine gabaSvilis sao-


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emigraciis istoria

jaxo da literaturul-sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba da Cemi broSuris mTavar debulebaTa e.i. wignis Sinaarsi) da cudi ar iqneboda, samive Tu ara, wignis Sesaxeb mainc Tqven radiosac gadaeca.

winad, am ramdenime wlisa me da Cveni mama ilia Voice of America-s3 vawvdidiT saeklesio qadagebaT; is iRebda TveSi 100 dolars, me maZlevda 20-s, esec damaklda. Cemi “pensia” iseTi pataraa – exlac mWirdeba muSaoba (Targ-mani, mowafeebi da sxva) cxovrebisaTvis. mTavari xar-jia binisa – 40 dolari TveSi (saidanac 15 “sazogado” biblioTekisa); Torem pensia “Tavsayrelad” meyofoda. fuli piradaT me ar mainteresebs da arca mWirdeba, ma-gram, wignisaTvis mzad var yvelanair pirobebSi viSovo, radgan vSiSob, uqmad ar daikargos amdena naSromi, ase saWiro Cveni qveynis interesebisaTvis.

[…]28.VII. aqauri “yalbi revolucia” dawynarda jama-

girebis gadidebiTa da degolis muqaris gamo, magram yvela fiqrobs, rom Semodgo-maze axali da uaresi ambebi dai-wyebao. me piradaT – ara mgo-nia, ase male ganmeordes rame, magram sazogadoT safrangeTis gamaZRrobas da gaumaZRrobas cudi piri uCans. axla Tu ara, Soreuli momavlisTvis.

marqsis mcdari TeoriiT revoluciebs iwvevs “Raribi xalxi – gaWirvebisganao”. Cemi, 5000 wlis istoriis SeswavliT, civilizaciebi ingreva, piri-qiT, gadaWarbebuli simdidris da fufunebisagan. safrangeT-sac es moelis.

29.VII. Cemo petre, “ocne-baa” albaT is, rasac axla gwer, magram uocnebod da ugonebo-uintuiciod qveyanaze araferi xdeba, unda icode. ho da ras vfiqrob? ici? Sen SegiZlian damex-maro wignis gamocemaSi. rogor? me SemiZlian aqauri saSualebiT Sevagrovo 1000 dolari. Sen piradad, Tu gaiziareb Cem azrsa da pirobebs (naxe Semdeg gverdze), SegiZlian, gind yasidaT gamoacxado, rom gaiReb meore 1000 dolars. mandaur, e.i. vaSingtonis radios qarTve-lebs, amdenives Segroveba (1000 dolaris) ar gauWird-ebaT. da an gind marto erisTavianT ojaxs, Tu daainter-esebT (Tu rogor? ixile aqve), Tavisuflad SeuZlia, – nanos, konstantinesa da mis mdidar cols, qn. annas, sikos cols4 gaiRon danarCeni 3000 dolari. garda ami-sa, sxva saSualebanic arsebobs, amerikisTvis sul ad-vili: mand bevria saqvelmoqmedo, saeklesio, Tu samec-niero sazogadoeba (Tund marto “Geographical Society”), romelsac SeiZleba eTxovos daxmareba, Cemi broSuris wardgeniT.

1) Tu Sen mier gamogzavnili Jurnalis avtorebi wer-ilobiT da ilustraciebiT adastureben mxolod erTs ambavs, Cemgan gacilebiT ufro adre moyvanils broSur-aSi, saxeldobr damarxvis wess saqarTvelosa, urartusa da sumer-qaldiaSi da sx. (etliT, saqonliT, mejinibiT, ymebiTa an mxevlebiT, aTasi Zvirfaseuli iaraRiT, Wur-WliT, sakravebiTa da samkaulebiT). me, garda broSura-

3. radio arxi “amerikis xma”4 siko erisTavis qvrivma, jer kidev daqvrivebamde kon-traqtiT gaiRo 2000 dol. am saqmeze, magram cxovrebisa da metadre beWdvisa da kliSeebis gaZvirebis gamo, samwuxarod broSurazed CamoqveiTda Cemi naSromi.

Si gamoyenebul 12 debulebisa, ufro sarwmunoda maqvs amonawerebi da ilustraciebi aTasi mecnierisa (arqe-ologisa, istorikosisa, lingvistebisa, numizmatebisa da sxva) rigi muzeumebisa, gamofenebisa da sx. da sx. das-turebi igive mimarTulebiT: qaldiisa da kavkasiuri modgmis erTianobazed. es mniSvnelovania miT ufro, rom amerikis 80% da mTeli inglisi dResac iTvlebian kavkasiur modgmad (Race) da maSasadame – uZveles qal-develTa Camomavlebad.

2) radgan me piradaT ara var dainteresebuli arc fuliT da arc saxeliT, mzada var, – daibeWdos wigni, gind kolegialuri, gind visganac unda iyos TanamSrom-lobiTi saxeliT, gind sxva pirobebiT. rogorme, da raki wigni xom gaiyideba, – Semosavlis dabrunebiT maTTvis, vinc gaiRes Tanxebi.

3) kolegialuri Tu TanamSromlobiT gamocema miT ufro gaadvildeba, rom saWiro ar iqneba gacnoba im aTasi wignisa da wyaroebis, riTac me vsargeblobdi. ar-

amed sul aTiode wignis wakiTx-va, romelsac me davusaxeleb, an gamougzavni kidec, da CemsaviT darwmundebian, debulebaTa da daskvnaTa sinamdvileSi. maSa-sadame, avtorobis arc miReba iqneboda an saTakilo an Seusa-bamo.

4) Tu Senc gaiziareb am Cems “ocnebas”, mosinjav niadags da gamamxneveb raime konkretuli dapirebiT, me mzad var yovel-nair pirobebze davTanxmde, oR-ond wignis Sinaarsi gamoqvey-ndes, Tund Cemi saxelis moux-senebeladac. mTavaria wigni da ara avtoroba; WeSmariteba da

ara somxuri zRaprebi, riTac iCqmaleba Cveni istoria.aba, iyavi kargad da didi madloba Jurnalis amona-

beWdisaTvis. pativiscemiT,

r. gabaSvili.

…bolos mosaxdeni mainc moxda da 1969 wlis 26 ian-vars parizidan levan zurabiSvilma petre xvedeliZes acnoba – “revazi erTi Tvea, rac viJiraris hospitalSi Sevida Cvenis daJinebiT, vinaidan saxlSi Tavs ver uvli-da da TiTqmis arafers Wamda – sustdeboda, Abondant-is TavSesafarSi ki Sesvla mas ar undoda”…

…sul raRac Tvenaxevris Semdeg ki, 1969 wlis 17 marts levan zurabiSvilisgan kidev erTi samwuxaro cnoba movida – “Zvirfaso Zmao petre, amasTan samwux-aro ambavic unda gacnobo – 14 marts gardaicvala 86 wlis Sesrulebuli b. rezo aleqsandres Ze gabaSvili, Cveni rezo. dakrZalva iqneba an xuTSabaTs 20 marts (an SabaTs, Tuki misma Svilma an qaliSvilma gamoTqves Sesa-Zlebloba daswrebisa)5… midis Cveni ufrosi Taoba…”

P.S. ra moxda mere? an ratom gauziara revaz gabaSvil-ma Tavisi ukanaskneli “ocneba” (rogorc Tavad uwodebs) maincdamainc petre xvedeliZes? an ra bedi ewia mis gamouqveynebel naSromebs? – am kiTxvebze SevecdebiT Cveni Jurnalis Semdeg nomrebSi gavceT pasuxi.

5 revaz gabaSvilis Svilebi saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen da 60-iani wlebis bolos maTi safrangeTSi gamomgzavreba did sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSorebuli.* suraTze gamosaxulia revaz gabaSvili, parizi, 60iani wlebi

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bibliuri istorianawili I - “bibliis” Sesaxeb

levan bukia, aTeni, saberZneTihhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

“biblia” – romelic berZnul enaze niSnavs “wignebs”, aris wigni Rmer-Tis gamocxadebaze, samyaroze da adamianze, kacobriobaze da mis moma-valze. “biblias” sxvagvarad RmrTis sityvasac uwodeben. TviTon RmerTis Sesaxeb ra viciT? viciT, rom RmerTi aris maradiuli, uzenaesi arseba. is yovelTvis iyo, aris da iqneba. mas ara aqvs arc dasabami, arc dasasruli.

RmerTma samyaro arafrisgan Seqmna, Tavisi sityviT. mas SeuZlia yove-live imis aRsruleba, rasac moisurvebs. Tavdapirvelad RmerTis Sesaxeb codna Taobidan Taobas zepirad gadaecemoda. Semdeg ki moxda misi Cawera, ramac Seadgina wminda wignebis krebuli, romelsac Cven “biblias” vuwo-debT.

“biblia” Seqmnis drois mixedviT or nawilad iyofa: Zveli aRTqma da axali aRTqma. Zveli aRTqmis wignebi iwereboda Zveli welTaRricxvis XIII-I saukuneebSi, xolo axali aRTqma axali welTaRricxvis I saukunis meore nax-evarSi. sityva “aRTqma” – warmosdgeba ebrauli sityvidan “beriT” da niS-navs: kavSirs, SeTanxmebas. amdenad, RmerTi kravs kavSirs adamianTan, iseT arsebasTan, romelic atarebs RmrTis xatebas da mowodebulia RmrTis ms-gavsebis misaRebad. “bibliaSi” sul 76 wignia. aqedan 49 wigni “Zveli aRTq-mas” ekuTvnis, 27 wigni ki – “axal aRTqmas”. ”biblias” sxvagvarad “saRmrTo werili” da “wmida werili” ewodeba.

”biblia” dRevandel msoflioSi yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli wignia. “bibliis” nebismieri mkiTxveli imden sazrdos miiRebs misgan, ramdenis aT-visebac mas SeuZlia.

rubrikiT “bibliuri istoria” SemogTavazebT Zveli da axali aRTq-mis saRmrTo istorias, romelic, vfiqrobT, keTil samsaxurs gauwevs

“bibliis” istoriiT dainteresebul norC mkiTxvels.

viciT, rom yove-li adamiani ded-mamis-agan ibadeba. vxedavT agreTve, rom cxovele-bi cxovelebisgan Cndebian, mcenareebi mcenareebisgan mrav-ldebian. magram saidan gaCnda pirveli ded-mama, rogor daiba-da? rogor gaCndnen pirveli cxovelebi da mcenareebi qveyanaze? – isini RmerTma Se-qmna.

RmerTi aris yovlis Semoqmedi, yvelafris dambadebeli, uzenae-si arseba. man Seqmna ca, man Seqmna dedamiwa, man dabada yoveli sulieri da usulo arseba, rasac ki vxedavT da ver vxedavT qveyanaze. TviTon RmerTi ki aravisgan ar Seqmnila. is yovelTvis iyo, aris da iqneba. ami-tomac RmerTs saukuno arsebas vu-wodebT.

roca adamiani raimes gakeTebas gadawyvets, amisaTvis raRac nivTebs iyenebs, manamde ki winaswar saxavs gegmas, Tu rogor da ranairad gaa-

keTos mofiqrebuli. RmerTma ki qveyana arafrisgan Seqmna, Tavisi sityviT, amitomac RmerTs yovlisSemZles vu-wodebT. mas SeeZlo yvelaferi erT wamSi gaeCina, magram Rmer-Tma cisa da dedami-wis Seqmnas eqvsi dRe moandoma.

Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna cisa da dedamiwis masala, romelic areuli iyo erTmaneTSi da saSinel sibneleSi

danTqmuli. brZana ufalma pirvel dRes: iqmnas naTeli da imwamsve gamobrwyinda naTeli. naTeli gaiyo sibnelisgan. naTels ewoda dRe da sibneles – Rame. meore dRes brZa-na RmerTma: gaCndes ca da maSinve gaCnda xiluli ca da dedamiwas mol-urjo gumbaTiviT gadaekra. mesame dRes RmrTis brZanebiT, wyali gaiyo xmeleTisagan da Segrovda mdina-reebad da zRvebad, xolo xmeleTma aRmoacena balaxi, xexili da yvela saxis mcenare. meoTxe dRes, Rmer-Tis brZanebiT, cis mnaTobebi – mze,

mTvare da varskvlavebi Seiqmna. mex-uTe dRes RmerTma zRvis cxovelebi da frinvelebi Seqmna. meeqvse dRes ufalma gaaCina xmeleTze mcxovrebi yvela cxoveli da dRis bolos Se-qmna adamiani.

yvela qmnileba RmerTma Tavisi sityviT Seqmna. adamianis Seqmna ki sxvagvarad ineba. jer Tqva: vqmnaT kaci xatad da msgavsad Cvenda. mere gamosaxa RmerTma kaci miwis mtvri-sagan da STahbera mas sicocxlis suli. ase Seiqmna qveynad pirveli kaci, romelsac RmerTma saxelad adami daarqva, rac niSnavs miwidan amoRebuls. adami RmerTma daabinava mSvenier baRSi – samoTxeSi.

daaTvaliera adamma RmrTis-gan gaCenili yvela qmnileba, yvela cxoveli. kargad daakvirda maT, ma-gram maT Soris ver ipova Tavisi ms-gavsi, Tavisi Tanaswori. maT Soris aravin iyo adamisTana gonieri da me-tyveli, visac igi azrs gauziarebda. adamma martooba igrZno da moiwyina.

SeniSna RmerTma adamis mowyena da Tqva: ar aris kargi kacis marto yofna, SevuqmnaT mas Semwe, Tavisi msgavsi. rodesac adami ZilburanSi iyo, RmerTma gverdidan gamouRo mas erTi nekni da Seuqmna mas megobari – coli, romelsac adamma eva daarqva. bolos ki daloca RmerTma isini da uTxra: gamravldiT, aavseT qveyana, daeufleT mas da imTavreT.

es moxda meeqvse dRes. dadga meS-vide dRe da ufalma daisvena yvela Tavisi saqmisgan.

axali aRTqmis Sesaxeb

“axali aRTqma” “bibliis” anu “wmida werilis” meore nawils war-moadgens. saxelwodeba “axali aRTq-ma” Tavad ufal ieso qristesagan momdinareobs. saidumlo serobaze ieso qristem ase mimarTa Tavis mowa-feebs: “es aris sisxli Cemi axali aRTqmisa, mravalTaTvis daTxeuli mosatevebelad codvaTa”. (maTe, 26, 28.)

“axali aRTqmis” wignebSi pirve-li adgili saxarebas uWiravs. sul gvaqvs oTxi saxareba: maTesi, mar-kozis, lukasi da ioanesi. saxarebis damwer mociqulebs maxareblebs uwodeben, radgan maT mier dawerili ambebi yvelasaTvis sasixaruloa. qa-rTulad oTx saxarebas “wmida oTx-Tavsac” uwodeben.

Zveli aRTqmis saRmrTo istoria

samyaros Seqmna


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rwmenaY Cveni

axali aRTqmis saRmrTo istoria

ioane naTlismcemlis Soba(luka, 1,57-80.)

moaxloebuli iyo mesiis, ieso qristes, mosvlis dro. manamde ki mesiis winamorbedi unda dabadebu-liyo, romelsac unda moemzadebina xalxi gankacebuli RmerTis misaRe-bad. es winamorbedi iyo ioane naTlismce-meli, romlis Sobas luka maxarebeli mo-gviTxrobs.

ioanes mSoblebi – zaqaria da elisa-bedi – cxovrobdnen israelSi. zaqaria mRvdeli iyo. ori-veni marTlebi iyvnen RmrTis winaSe da um-wikvlod misdevdnen uflis yovel mcneba-sa da wess. miuxedavad amisa, maT Rrma moxu-cebulobamde Svili ar hyavdaT da Zalian wuxdnen. mxurvaled evedrebodnen ufals, rom maTTvis Svili mieca. RmerTma Seismina maTi vedreba, wya-lobis TvaliT gadmoxeda uflis morwmune col-qmars da ausrula maT sawadeli.

erTxel zaqaria taZarSi msaxu-robda. samRvdelo CveulebiT wilad xvda kmeva da Sevida sakurTxe-velSi. gareT ki xalxi idga da loculobda. swored aq, kmevisas gamoecxada da eCvena zaqarias uflis angelozi, ramac SeakrTo da SeaSina igi.

angelozma mimarTa zaqari-as:«”nu geSinia, zaqaria, radgan Sesmenil iqna Seni locva, da Seni coli, elisabedi, giSobs Zes da daarqmev mas saxelad ioanes. da geqneba Sen sixaruli da mxiaru-leba da mravali gaixarebs misi SobiT. mraval israelians moaq-cevs uflisaken. raTa warudgi-nos ufals ganmzadebuli xalxi”. aqedan Canda, rom ioane unda yo-filiyo macxovris winamorbedi da moemzadebina xalxi mis misaRebad.

zaqaria gaocebuli Sehyurebda angelozs da miugo: “rogor gavigo es? me xom moxucebuli var da Cemi colic ukve xandazmulia”.

maSin angelozma miugo da uTxra: “me var gabrieli, RmrTis winaSe md-gomeli, warmogzavnili var, raTa gelaparako da gaxaro es. da, aha, da-dumdebi da ver SeZleb laparaks im dRemde, vidre es ar axdeba, raki ar erwmune Cems sityvebs, Tavis droze rom asruldeba”. es Tqva da angelo-zi gauCinarda.

amasobaSi taZarSi myofi xalxi

eloda zaqarias gamosvlas sakur-Txevlidan. ukvirdaT misi dayovneba. roca damunjebuli zaqaria dainaxes, mixvdnen, rom man gamocxadeba ixila.

gabriel mTavarangelozis sityva maleve asrulda. marTlac, zaqarias da elisabeds mecxre Tves SeeZinaT vaJi. im dros arsebuli wesis mixed-viT, axalSobilisTvis merve dRes unda daerqmiaT saxeli. Seikriba mTeli naTesaoba, romelTac axal-

SobilisTvis mamis saxelis darqmeva undodaT. magram elisabedma Tqva: “ara, ioane unda erqvas mas”. maSin zaqarias auwyes niSnebiT, ra saxeli undoda daerqmia Tavisi ZisTvis. man ficari moiTxova da dawera. “ioanea saxeli misi”. maSinve gaexsna zaqarias bage da daubrunda metyvelebis unari. yvelani gaocebul-

ni iyvnen amis Semyure da ambobdnen, bavSvi saocari kaci unda gamov-ideso.

yrma ioane izrdeboda da suliT mtkicdeboda. patara ded-mamasTan cxovrobda, roca gaizarda, udabno-Si gavida. marxulobda, loculobda da saqadageblad emzadeboda.

yovladwmida qalwul mariamis Soba da taZrad

miyvaneba

galileis qalaq nazareTSi cx-ovrobda keTilmsaxuri moxuci col-qmari ioakime da anna. isini war-moSobiT iudevelebi iyvnen, daviT winaswarmetyvelis STamomavalni. maT Svili ar hyavdaT da Zlier wuxd-nen. RmerTs evedrebodnen da aRTqma dades, Tu Svili eyolebodaT, mas RmerTis msaxurad gazrdidnen.

RmerTma Seismina marTali io-akimes da annas vedreba da misca maT asuli, romelsac mariami daarqves.

eqvsi Tvis mariami dedam pirvelad daayena miwaze. patara mariamma Svidi nabiji gadadga da dedis kalTas mi-aRwia. erTi wlis iyo mariami, roca ioakimem lxini gadaixada, sasuli-ero pirebma daloces mariami da RmerTs misi kurTxeva SesTxoves.

rodesac mariami sami wlis gaxda, mSoblebma Seasrules RmerTisTvis micemuli aRTqma da patara mariami taZarSi miiyvanes. saukeTeso Sesa-moseliT Semosil mariams anTebuli sanTlebiTa da galobiT patara qalebi miacilebdnen. ebraelTa sjulis kanoniT bavSvebs mRvdelT-mTavari iRebda taZarSi da karebSi akurTxebda.

im dros ierusalimis taZarSi mRvdelTmTavrad iyo zaqaria. igi gamoegeba mariams da RmerTis gange-biT taZris wmidaTa-wmida nawilSi (sakurTxevelSi) Seiyvana, sadac mxolod mRvdelTmTavars SeeZlo Sesvla weliwadSi erTxel. zaqarias Zlier ukvirda es ambavi. ioakime da anna saxlSi dabrundnen, mariami ki taZarSi darCa sadac keTilmsaxur qalwulTa wreSi izrdeboda. taZar-Si yofnis periodSi gardaecvala mariams mSoblebi da daoblda.

mariami 11 weliwadi izrdeboda taZarSi. igi sxvebze ufro bejiTad kiTxulobda saRmrTo werils, xel-saqmec mSvenivrad iswavla, ganuwy-vetliv loculobda da RmrTis siy-

varuliT suldgmulobda. man ise Zlier Seiyvara RmerTi da wminda cxovreba, rom ufals aRuTqva, mudam qalwulad dar-Ceniliyo.

rodesac mariamis tolebi srulwlovanni gaxdnen, moZRvrebma yvelani gaaTxoves. rodesac mariamis gaTxovebac moindomes, mariamma maT ga-nucxada Tavisi aRTqmis Ses-axeb. moZRvrebs Zalian gauk-virdaT es, magram Zalas mainc ver daatandnen da aRTqmas ver daarRvevinebdnen. maSin monaz-vnobis wesi ar icodnen da arc srulwlovani qalis darCena

SeiZleboda taZarSi. amitom unda moeZebnaT vinme naTesavi da mariami misTvis CaebarebinaT.

daibares mariamis naTesavi, gali-leveli moxuci, durgali iosebi, romelic mariamis samSobloSi, naza-reTSi cxovrobda. igi didi xnis qvrivi iyo, hyavda Svilebi da Rr-mad RmrTismosavi adamiani iyo. man sixaruliT miiRo mariami saxlSi da zrunavda masze, rogorc sakuTar Svilze. mariami ki aqac mudam garTu-li iyo wmida werilis kiTxviT, xel-saqmiT da didad exmareboda iosebis Rarib ojaxs.

Tanamemamule Rrma mwuxarebiT iuwye-ba, rom gardaicvala Tanagundeli - batoni zaal samxaraZe. batoni zaali iyo WeSmariti adamiani da Tavisi saqmis uebrod mcodne fo-toxelovani. misi SemarTeba ar udrkeboda Tvaluwvdenel simaRleebsa Tu stiqiis uki-dures boboqrobas. batoni zaali saZirkvlis Cayridanve iyo wmida samebis sapatriarqo taZris fotomematiane da man Seqmna qarTuli niWisa da SemarTvebis amsaxveli mravalfer-ovani foto matiane.

naTeli daadges mis amqveyniur xsovnas da misma sulma daimkvidros uflis sasufevel-Si. amin.


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sazizRari megaboli(novela)

pirvel rigSi, ra Tqma unda, cols gaeyreba. isic icis, romel veqils unda mimarTos. Tumca SeiZleba ukeTesi daiqiraos, ai, iseTi, saaTSi samas dolars rom uxdian. oTxass gadauxdis, oRond saswrafod moaSo-ros Tavidan is qali da misi marwuxebidan gaaTavisu-flos. rogorc cols, albaT qonebis nawili imasac Sexvdeba, magram kargi iuristis daxmarebiT im Tanxas usaTuod minimumamde daiyvans. ra Tqma unda, Svileb-sac dautovebs samyofs da Semdeg maTi TvaliT danax-vac aRar unda. an ki ra dasanaxebi arian? erTma mTeli tani sul moixata, Wipze da enaze sayureebi gaiyara, meorem ki… eh, laparakic ar Rirs masze. Tu ggoniaT, Tavad idardeben mamaze, Zalian cdebiT! maT mxolod fuli mieci da mama fexze hkidiaT.

Tavidan moiSorebs Tu ara ojaxis wevrebs, Semdegi nabiji niu-iorkidan gaqceva iqneba. diax, am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT. saswrafod datovebs am WuWyian da xmaurian qalaqs da kalifornias miaSurebs, ise, rom ukan aRar moixedavs. marTalia, kaliforniaSi aras-dros yofila, magram gadmocemiT icis, rom iq sivrce da sisufTavea, laRi cxovrebaa. netav ra darCenia am niu-iorkSi? aqvs ki raime kargi mosagonari? araferi… mxolod dilis oTx saaTze adgoma da auarebeli saa-Ti muSaoba, raTa rogorme amouqolos daRebuli xaxa binis mflobels. es qvis caTambrjenebi karga xania, suls uxuTavs da majlajunasaviT awveba gulze. didi xnis win moSordeboda am Waobs, Tavisi ojaxis wevrebi rom ara, romelTac rom hkiTxo, erTi dRe ver war-moudgeniaT sicocxle niu-iorkis gareSe. is ki aqeT saerTod aRar gamoixedavs da qvas waRma gadaagdebs. RmerTma moaxmaroT TavianTi niu-iorki.

kaliforniaSi erT ZviradRirebul saxls iyidis, aucileblad auziT da pirvelad rasac moimoqmedebs, kargad gamoiZinebs. albaT ori kvira mainc unda iZinos gadabmulad, rom wlebis manZilze dagrovili stresi da daRliloba moixsnas. bolo oci welia, normaluri dasveneba ar Rirsebia. aba, is ra Svebuleba iyo, Svidi wlis win 5 dRiT “afsteitSi”1 rom avida.

gamoZinebis Semdeg ra moxdeba, ukve aRar icis. misi warmosaxvis horizonti amas veRar swvdeba da Tavsac ar atans Zalas. ra Tqma unda, icxovrebs ise, rogorc yvela milioneri…

pirvel rigSi ki es milioni unda iSovos. rogor? amas xom didi filosofia ar sWirdeba.

zogierTebiviT arc holivudis varskvlavobaze ocnebobs, arc prezidentad warmoudgenia sakuari Tavi da niu-iorkis merobazec sastik uars acxadebs.

ubralod, loto unda rom moigos. albaT ukve didi xnis mogebuli eqneboda, ori ram rom ar uSlides xels – coli da “megaboli.” diax, rom ara misi coli, dReSi 5 dolaris nacvlad, 20 dolarisas iTamaSebda da iqneb damTxveoda kidec is sazizRari “megaboli.”

– yoveldRe Sens naSrom 5 dolars nagavSi yri. aba gamoTvale, weliwadSi ramden fuls xarjav. moTamaSe xar, namdvili moTamaSe! – ewuwuneba coli yovel saR-

1 “afsteiti” – niu-iorkis Statis Crdilo nawili, ganTqmu-li mTebiTa da didi tbebiT.

amos. – ki, geTanxmebi,

magram xom SeiZleba, gagvimarTlos?! – Tavs imarTlebs toni. – aba, warmoidgine, rogor Seicvleba Cveni cx-ovreba. manhetenze, “central parkTan” viy-idiT saxls. limuzini mogvemsaxureba. Tmas, manikursa da pedikurs salonSi gaikeTeb. saku-Tari masaJisti geyole-ba. bolos da bolos am Cinurebis Wama mainc

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh qeTi orjonikiZe,niu-iorki, aSS

ar mogbezrda? frangul restoranSi ivli. “konveis”2 nacvlad “saqs fifs aveniuSi”3 ivaWreb.

– ici, ras getyvi? TamaSs Tu Tavs ar daanebeb, amaze uares dReSi CavvardebiT, – ar cxreba coli.

toni, ra Tqma unda, Tavisas ar iSlis da yovel di-las, rva saaTze, gaiReba Tu ara Tavisi samsaxuris mopiradpire quCaze mdebre jixuri, Tavqudmogle-jili garbis lotos sayidlad. am erTi cida adgilze, sadac gazeTebi da Jurnalebi iyideba, lotos manqanac dgas da imdeni xalxi iyris Tavs, xSirad rigSic uwevs Cadgoma. am dros aTasgvar Worebs ismens. vin moigo, vin waago. zogi pesimisti xvdeba, zogi optimisti. zo-gierTebs sasacilodac ar hyofniT lotoze imedis damyareba. – icinon da iyon, – fiqrobs toni, – es 5 dolari me arc gamamdidrebs, arc gamaRaribebs, magram amave dros Sansi maqvs, rom milioni movigo. Tumca dReSi 20 dolarisas rom vTamaSobde, SeiZleba damTx-veoda kidec is sazizRari “megaboli.”

am dros samsaxurSi biWebi sulmouTqmelad elode-bian, rom amgvari dialogi gaumarTon.

– toni, gaige? samSabaTis lotos veravin gaartya, amitom Tanxa 120 milionamde avida.

– ooh, kargiT erTi, – wamoiyvirebs toni agresiu-lad, – 120 milioni! rad minda 120 milioni? momeciT erTi milioni da sruliad sakmarisi iqneba CemTvis. damijereT, veRarasodes mnaxavT Tqvens sicocxleSi, SeiZleba erTi Setyobineba gamogigzavnoT… ara, ara, – xelebs asavsavebs toni, – imasac ar gamogigzavniT, im wuTSi dagiviwyebT, viTomc arc mcnobixarT.

– toni, Tu natvraa, natvra iyos. erTi milioni araferia, Zveli dro ki ar aris. axla Turme ise Cqara ixarjeba, ucbaT giqreba xelidan. mere ar dagaviwydes, saxelmwifo begarac xom unda gadaixado da raRa da-grCeba? – eubneba erT-erTi TanamSromeli.

– Tqven dawynardiT! dawynardiT! ratom nervi-ulobT Cems magivrad? ise kargad vimyofineb, rogorc dagibarebiaT.

– toni, ici raze mwydba guli? – eubneba axal-

2 “konvei” – iaffasiani tansacmelebis maRazia.3 “saqs fifs aveniu” – Zvirad Rirebuli tansacmelebis ma-Razia, niu iorkSi, mexuTe aveniuze.


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gazrda TanamSromeli, – kargi, me guSin movedi am koleqtivSi, magram ver warmomidgenia, rogor daiviw-yeb Sens megobrebs, romlebTanac 15 welia muSaob?

– eh, me simarTles vlaparakob. Sen ki mied-moedebi – ar cxreba toni – Sen rom moigo, ras izam, ra 20% mogvcem?

– yvelas 10 aTas dolars dagirigebT. mets ver dagpirdebiT.

– aaa, monaCmaxia, 10 aTas dolars ki ara, aT cent-sac ar mogvcem. ise gaqrebi, rom cvlis damTavrebasac ar daelodebi.

– marTla, toni, vTqvaT, moxda saswauli da gaartyi, oRond aq, muSaobis dros rom Seityo Seni mogebis Ses-axeb, daelodebi cvlis damTavrebas? – ekiTxeba me-ore gasarTobad.

– giJi xom ar xar. ras hqvia davelodebi? rom moixe-davT da veRar daminaxavT, tualetSi gegonebiT, rom ar gamovCndebi da meore dResac aRar davbrundebi, ai, Semdeg mixvdebiT, raSic aris saqme.

tonis gulaxdiloba kacebs sicils hgvriT da misi agresiuli kilo sul ar aRizianebT. ician, rom toni cxovrebam nerviul adamianad aqcia.

– eh, toni! – eubneba erT-erTi TanamSromeli, – Sen imiT xar Cemze bednieri, rom imedi mainc SemogrCa. me eg imedi didi xania, davkarge. momkaliT da, ici, ra mgonia? ra cifric unda aRvniSno, imas aRar gaiTama-Seben. axla Zveli dro xom ar aris? kompiuteri yve-lafers xvdeba, xalxo, yve-la-fers.

– Zalian mihqarav, rom ase fiqrob. aba, gaixsene!? ramdenma sawyalma da beberma adamianma moigo am bolo dros? – pasuxobs aRSfoTebuli toni.

– amitomac aravin momagebinebs. moagebineben vin-me bexreks, 100 wlisas, erT weliwadSi rom mokvdes da fuli ukan waiRon. vici, Cemo Zmao, magaTi oinebi, vici…

– yvelaze Zalian, iciT, ra mejavreba? samrecxaoSi sarecxis darecxva da supermarketSi saWmlis yidva. mere ramxela rigebia kviraobiT, ram gadaria es xalxi, ar vici. xandaxan ori saaTi miwevs lodini. loto rom movigo, yofiTi problemebi aRar Semawuxebs, Cems gemoze wamovwvebi, vikiTxav da vikiTxav, – ambobs me-ocnebe TanamSromeli, romelic SemTxveviT aris iq moxvedrili. kacebs misi natvra sasacilod ar hyof-niT.

– oh, es sazizRari “megaboli” ar miSlides xels? aqamde albaT cxrajer movigebdi, – Cailaparakebs toni da agrZelebs muSaobas.

* * *

saRamoTi samsaxuridan saxlSi ufro gaRizianebu-li da saCxubrad momarTuli brundeba. gansakuTrebiT maSin ficxdeba, roca karis SeRebisTanave nacnobi suni ecema xolme cxvirSi.

– isev Cinuri SeukveTe? nuTu ar mogbezrda yovel-dRe erTi da igive? – gamoscris xolme kbilebidan.

– mec vmuSaob, vaJbatono, Senze naxevari saaTiT adre Semovdivar saxlSi. rodis gavakeTo saWmeli? – pasuxi mzad aqvs cols.

– ubralod, zarmaci xar, zarmaci, – Caiburty-unebs toni da Sxapis misaRebad garbis, raTa saswra-fod Camoibanos mTeli dRis WuWyi da daRliloba, magram arc amas mohyavs gunebaze. cota xanSi macivars aTvalierebs da piridan sul lamaz-lamazi sityvebi

amosdis. magram meti gza ar aqvs da iZulebulia, kv-lav Cinur, iaffasian sasadiloSi SekveTil brinjian qaTams miaZRes. dro rom ar dakargos, saTvales ikeT-ebs da uSvelebeli puris daniT fxrews magidis bo-loSi dagrovil baraTebs, romlebSic tonis gasavali, sul kapik-kapik aris aRricxuli. dakvirvebiT aSter-deba TiToeul furcels da Tan xelSi danas ise atri-alebs, TiTqos gadasaxadebis SeSineba surso, magram amaod.

– vin daxarja “duan ridSi”4 42 dolri? – kiTxu-lobs aRSfoTebiT toni?

– trampi5 movida da iman ivaWra Seni sakredito baraTiT. albaT Senma qaliSvilma, sxva vin daxarjav-da?

– ratom aZlev Tineijers sakredito baraTs? – xmas uwevs toni.

– axalgazrda gogoa, iqneb unda rame iyidos?– ki magram, qalo, ra unda iyidos “duan ridSi” 42

dolaris?– magaliTad, Sampuni, Tmis kondicioneri, qalis

tamponebi, losioni da a. S. gamoTvale, kargad gamoT-vale, ramdeni jdeba?

– vai, tamponebiT gaqvT savse Tavi… – burtyunebs toni da Semdeg sxva qviTars aSterdeba.

– ras niSnavs es? “amerikan onlainma” isev moxsna 24 dolari? ki, magram wina TveSi xom gadavixade?

– ramdenjer agixseni, rom es Tviuri gadasaxadia. bavSvebi yoveldRe sargebloben internetiT. – ner-vebi aRar hyofnis cols.

– moica, moica, moica, es raRa jandabaa!? 106 do-lari brodveis Sous bileTSi? – moTmiebidan gamodis toni da danamomarjvebuli fexze wamoxteba. magram ojaxSi misi aravis ar eSinia. coli soios sawebelas asxams brinjs da qaTmis Zvals RrRnis.

– Sens vaJs uyvars xelovneba, Teatri. es xom Za-lian cnobili Soua, “produserebi,” “produserebi“ – yurSi Cahyviris qali.

– imaT isic eyofaT, rom produserebi arian, me 106 dolari rom ar vaCuqo. ici, ramdeni fuli aqvT, qalo, magaT, ici? – yviris toni da sul rom ar gagiJdes, lotos bileTis mosaZebnad garbis, raTa guli daimS-vidos im imediT, rom SeiZleba aseTi saRamo aRaraso-des ganmeordes mis cxovrebaSi.

– bavSvebisTvis araferi gemeteba, TviTon ki kar-gad TamaSob, moTamaSev! – wamoxteba coli da ukve gamocarielebul qaRaldis yuTs sanagveSi isvris.

– es ar aris TamaSi, – xmas dabla uwevs toni, rad-gan ukve mis mier amorCeul lotos cifrebs CasCere-bia da cdilobs, filosofiurad ganWvritos, romeli cifri SeiZleba iyos momgebiani. mas ukve aRar esmis colis wivil-kivili, misaRebi oTaxisken miiswrafvis, raTa televizors miujdes, rom lotos gaTamaSeba ar gamorCes. SesasvlelSi Tavisi gogos ZviradRirebul botass Tu wamohkravs fexs, aucileblad xels daav-lebs, samzareulos mimarTulebiT gaaqanebs da daiy-virebs, – ai, raSi iyreba Cemi Sroma! coli cota xani kidev agrZelebs wivil-kivils, Semdeg ki demonstra-ciulad gadaWris misaReb oTaxs da saZinebelSi ikete-ba.

4 “duan ridi” – afTiaqis qseli, sadac mravalricxovni nawarmi iyideba.5 donald trampi – erT-erTi umdidresi kaci amerikaSi, flobs 2.9 bilion dolars.


emigrantTaJurnali

poezia da proza

31

“maS, gaumarjos Rimilis biWebs”

saxlSi siwynare da simSvide isadgurebs. mxolod me-5 arxis wamyvanis monotonuri xma gaismis, romelic gamudmebiT gadmoscems, vin mokles im dRes niu-ior-kis ama Tu im ubanSi.

am dros lotos burTebi tonis tvinSi erTad iy-rian Tavs. TiTqos qari amovardao, trials iwyeben, farfateben, moZraoben, Semdeg erT mwkrivad ewyo-bian da zustad iseTi ganlagebiT, rogorc tonim mo-niSna furcelze, moabijeben. ai, boloSi “megaboli” mobrZandeba. is gabRenZili modis da patara xeliT mu-celze Znelad gasarCevad amoWril cifrze mianiSnebs tonis. amiT TiTqos eubneba, – ai, es me var, me! da Tu gamomicnob, dReidan morCa Seni wameba niu-iorkSio.

* * *– fui, eSmaks! isev am sazizRar kacTan unda gava-

Tio Rame?! – nerviulad Cailaparakebs tonis coli da saZinebelSi mdgar patara televizors xmas awyve-tinebs. Semdeg saswrafod anadgurebs im dRiT SeZenil oci dolaris Rirebulebis lotos bileTebs. Tmas sarkis win Cqar-Cqara isworebs, xalaTs rac SeiZleba ukan miasrialebs, rom fexebi kargad gamoaCinos da momajadoebeli RimiliT farTod aRebs saZineblis kars.

– araferia, Zvirfaso? – ekiTxeba qmars.– xom ici, es sazizRari “megoboli” rom ara… –

frutunebs toni moTvinierebuli cxeniviT da iwyebs Tavis marTlebas.

– Cqara, Cqara, modi, sayvarelo, xom ici, didi dro ar gvaqvs, xval uTenia xar asadgomi, – sityvas awyvet-inebs coli.

sazizRari megaboli

gagrZeleba, dasawyisi 29-e gverdze


xaTuna SavguliZe,londoni, didi britaneTi


agvistos movlenebma ucxoeTSi gadaxvewil qarTvel qals, sami vaJka-cis dedas xaTuna SavguliZeskalami aaRebina da cxovrebaSi pirvelad es arcTu urigo leqsebi Seaqmnevina. xa-Tunas meuRle – edi volSi moxarulia, rom misi mSvenieri coli poetur muze-bs Tavis mSobliur enaze exmianeba. Cven ki visurvebdiT, pirvel Wirnaxuls sxva mravalic mohyolodes.

nuravin metyvis

nuravin metyvis, rom Cven davmarcxdiTda gaimarjva borotma Zalam;nuravin metyvis, Cveni biWebi mters Seewirnen uxmo zvarakad!

rom fuWi iyo daRvrili sisxlida ambicia cudad gaTvlili.

miTqma-moTqma da mucliT zRaproba yvav-yornebs mivceT sajijgnad, sarCod,modiT, vumReroT im ukvdav gmirebs – Rimilis biWebs samaradJamod!

modiT, imaTi vTqvaT sadRegrZelo,vinc ar Seudrka mtrebis simravles,mamapapuri dasca yiJinada aumRvria sisxli im laCrebs.

xalasi rwmeniT da lomis guliTvinc SeamTxvia mkerdi mtris tyvias,visac sjeroda, icavda miwas,miwas, romelsac samSoblo hqvia.

maS, gaumarjos Rimilis biWebs,maT gamzrdel dedebs veTayvanebi,dedebo, gixriT miwamde Tavebs,

Tqven saqarTvelos gqviaT dedebi!

* * *

kaxeTSi glexma aCexa vazi…viRacam miTxra – mere da rao?! axal cxovrebas avuwyoT fexi, rodemde unda efero vazso?

aris raRaca, rac aris Seni, is unikumi, rac gxdis erTaderTs!georgiaa saxeli Cveni, miwaTmoqmeds rom niSnavs odiTve…

davuSvaT, yvelam mibaZos im glexs, Tavi vaneboT Cvens mdidar miwas...ar vxnaT, ar vTesoT, ar gavaxaroT,vzidoT kitrebi ucxo qveynidan!

qarTul sufraze SevsvaT ludi dasadRegrZelosac vaneboT Tavi,Tamadac Zvelis gadmonaSTiavTqvaT “Cierz”, esec eyofa nadims!

simReris Jini Tu wamogivlis,“mravalJamier” ra samReria,fortepiano da mSvidi bluzidRes ufro metad misaRebia!

siRnaRSi jimi jons gadasZaxebs,lizi hilaris miesalmeba, –ano da vano bargs Caalagebsda saSovarze mTa-bars gadahkveTs.

nuTu gawydeba es sisxli ase,gadagvigvarda suliskveTeba, rac ar davuTmeT TaTris xmal-maxvils,valutaze vcvliT dRes ubrZolvelad!

ara, ar minda, rom davijero,ase davknindiT, davpataravdiT,

bevrismTmen qarTvels gaeRviZeba,daubrundeba kerias Taviss.

miubrundeba glexi Tavis vazs,moefereba kvlav Zveleburad,is rac Cvenia – erTaderTia,erTaderTia – Taviseburad!

Sobaa…

Sobaa… Cemi Tbili ocneba – Cemi Tbilisi zeimobs axla,ismis sionis zarebis rekva,didi sameba gascqeris qalaqs…

viT dedofali jvrisweris dilasaTrTolebuli irgebs TeTr kabas,ise irTveba Cemi qalaqi,TiTqos im lamaz patarZals baZavs.

ra lamazi xar! ra sanukvari…avi Tvalisgan jvari gweria,ra advilia aq siyvaruli!aq megobrebic ra advilia!


emigrantTaJurnali

32

poezia da proza

“Tanamemamules” redaqcia madlobas uxdis yvelas,

vinc monawileoba miiRo am nomris dakompleqtebaSir

gamomcemeli, mT. redaqtori: zaza mesxi, londoni, didi britaneTi

tel: ++44 2084808794 mob: +++44 7859000592, el-fosta: [email protected]

r

Sobaa! xalxi fusfusebs yvelgan,sevdac aris da imedis sxivic…salocavebi inTeba sanTlad,ra iRvenTeba, qreba tkivili…

minda, rom gnaxo gaxarebuli,lamazo Cemo, guli ar icdis, –me mjera Seni naTeli gzebis,aq xom yvela gza taZrisken midis!

gasaubreba muxran batonTan

batono muxran, rogor gvakliadRes SeZaxili omaxiani –“vin gagakvirvos, ram gagakvirvosdidgoriani, Samqoriani!”

gakvirvebisa aba ra giTxraT,magram brazi ki maxrCobs tiali!es erTi cida samSoblo maqvs damarTmevs viRaca oxer-toali!

„Sen sisxlo Cemo, sad ar daRvrilo!“daWrili gulis amokvneseba,vai, rom mxolod warsuls ki ara,bedkrul awmyosac esadageba!

TiTqos viRacis grZneuli xeli swers Cvens bedis wigns uZveles drodan,welTa aRricxva sarCevad uZevs,gmirTa brZolebi – saTaurebad!

ramdeni Wiri gamogvivliaomi, Ralati, ganxeTqileba…miviRebT mware gakveTilebs damainc ver varTmevT Tavs Zvel dilemas…

riT ver gavigeT erTobis fasi,rad vdebT sasworze qveynis momavals,cixe Tu tydeba, tydeba Signidan,mova mteri da imkis mosavals!

mova, gagvTiSavs, dagvaTiToebs,mcires xom marTavs ufro advilad,

datrialdeba bedis borbaliisev Tavidan, isev Tavidan.

CaeRimeba Cvens muxran-batonsda albaT gulSi TavisTvis ityvis:“aba ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroTdavberdi kaci Cvens bedze fiqriT!”

“romeli mefe-erekle mnaxeT,anda romeli msajuli misi!Cemi saTqmeli me ukve vTqvi da vinc ver gaigo, is brali misi”.

borotsa sZlia keTilman

Cemi samSoblo oqrosferia,kavkasiis mzis sxiviT gamTbari,xvlikisfer kldeTa sartyeli akravs,fiandazad aqvs mindvris safari.

kriala wyaros Svlis nukri Sesvams,kamaras Sehkravs vaJas arwivi,daiRrialebs WiuxSi vefxvi,moymis xanjluriT gulgaserili.

amiran devebs mostacebs yamars,mzia mzeWabuks apkurebs cremlebs,badri da usup Zmadnaficebigauyvebian grZneul bilikebs…

daburul tyeSi koWli iremi,obol biWunas awovebs ZuZus,davaJkacdeba biWi irmisada gamostacebs dedamiss urCxuls.

Cemi samSobloc is zRaparia,sadac sikeTe mudam sZlevs borots,muxa dascinis umweo mumls da xmeli wifeli amohyris foTols.

elegia

gulo, rogor mogrevia sevda,zamTris yinva Separula sulSi,ar mcodnia martoobis Zala,ar mcodnia martoobis SiSi.

Tendeba da nisli faravs quCebs,

Tendeba da gaTeneba mzaravs,aRar minda civi mze da mzera,aRar minda siCume da Tmena...

menatreba siTbo, siTbo, siTbo,siyvaruliT Sexeba da Sveba!cxeli mze da oqrosferi qviSamis TvalebSi danaxuli gzneba!

da Camowva martoobis Rame,gaTendeba martoobis dila...

dagvanebeT, batonebo, Tavi!

yvelas Tavisi samSoblo aqvs damaT Soris mec maqvs qveyana Cemi,rogoric aris, iseTi miyvars,iseTs vetrfi da veTayvanebi…

ara, batono, rogor Sevadri Tqvens vrcel tramalebs – patara mdelos,Tqven taiga gaqvT Tvaluwvdeneli,me mTawminda maqvs, jvari da uZo...da saocari swored is aris, rom es “patara”Tqvens “dids” Zils ufrTxobs!

alaznis velze mercxlebi frenen,yayaCos jari alisfrad elavsda sadRac iq, Sors – “did CrdiloeTSi”ubedurebis zarebi rekavs.

ara, batono, rogor SebedosorTava arwivs – Cemma beRuram,wadiT! Tqven Tqveni gaqvT samRerali,me vimRer Cems Zvel “xasanbeguras”!

wadi, gafrindi, didi urCxulo!tramalebi gaqvs gadasafreni!me Cemi mzeriT gagacileb da Cems lamaz mercxlebs moveferebi!

yvelas Cven-Cveni samSoblo gvaqvs da…Tqvenc gaqvT, batono, qveyana TqvenisiamovnebiT gzas dagilocavT,RmerTma inebos siSore Tqveni!

cicino jervaliZe, niu-iorki, aSSqeTi orjonikiZe, niu-iorki, aSS

ia merkvilaZe, niu-iorki, aSSzurab mWedliSvili, niu-iorki, aSS

jumber jiSkariani, largo, aSSfransuaza tomi, parizi, safrangeTi

eka xijakaZe, parizi, safrangeTidiana WankotaZe, remsi, safrangeTi

giorgi mamulia, parizi, safrangeTimairbek vaCagaevi, parizi, safrangeTi

ana aivazovi, duseldorfi, germaniamaia simonia, amsterdami, niderlandebi

nino amiriZe, hagenbergi, avstriazaira xornauli, aTeni, saberZneTixatia qarsauliZe, aTeni, saberZneTilevan bukia, aTeni, saberZneTimerab babuxadia, Tbilisinoe afxazava, Tbilisisofiko jervaliZe, Tbilisinunu gelaSvili, milani, italiamanana tofaZe, pavia, italiafahreTin CiloRlu (CilaSvili), stambuli, TurqeTixaTuna SavguliZe, londoni, didi britaneTisinta depondti, londoni, didi britaneTi

qartvel - tsu.ge 2009-n1-.pdfevs aqedan gamomdinare mosaxleobistvis umzimesi se-degebiturt da a. s....

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