qos-assured in-network processing in wireless cyber-physical systems: a survey qiao xiang advisor:...
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QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey
Qiao Xiang
Advisor: Hongwei Zhang
![Page 2: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion
![Page 3: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion
![Page 4: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
Wireless Sensor Networks:
Highly Resource- (Energy-) and Environment- Constrained
In-Network Processing:
Reduce Traffic Flow → Resource (Energy) Efficient
Category:
Application Independent Application Dependent
Data AggregationPacket PackingNetwork Coding
Data FusionQuery Processing
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From WSN to WCPS
Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems:
Close-Loop vs. Open-Loop
INP in WCPS:
More emphasis on Quality of Service
e.g., latency and reliability
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Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion
![Page 7: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In-Network Processing Methods
Data Aggregation
Packet Packing
Network Coding
Data Fusion
Query Processing
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Data Aggregation
Aggregate/Compress Correlated Data
Most common INP mechanism
Different Design Goals:
Energy Efficiency
Collision Reduction
Scalability
Network Lifetime
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Data Aggregation
Current Research:
How to build efficient aggregation structure
Representative approaches: Chain structure Cluster structure Tree structure Structure free
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Packet Packing
Assemble small packets into larger ones (No aggregation)
Data correlation is not important
Current Research:
Schedule small packets to transmit or wait.
Approaches: Opportunistic,
Pre-defined waiting time
Greedy
Drawbacks: No hard latency guarantee
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Network Coding
Make use of the broadcast nature of wireless communication
Main Goal: improve throughput
Current Research:
Cooperation of random linear
network coding and routing
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Network Coding
Inter-flow coding: COPE
Only packets with different destinations can be coded together
Intra-flow coding: MORE, Pacifier
Only packets with the same destination get coded together
Hybrid coding:
First do inter-flow coding, then do intra-flow coding
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Examples of Inter and Intra Flow Coding
D
C
A
B
P1, P3
P1, P4
P3, P4
P1, P2, P3, P4
DC
A
B
P1, P2 P2, P3 P3, P4
P1, P2, P3, P4
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Data Fusion
Main Goal: Assure data accuracy
More complex than aggregation/compression
Data is processed by sensors before the transmission
Data can be further processed at intermediate sensors during the transmission
Sensors’ roles are more flexible.
Representative works: DFuse
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Query Processing
Main Goal: Data Accuracy and energy efficient
Data is only collected when there is a query request.
Requests are optimized before being sent to sensors.
Depending on different query requests, data is processed during the transmission.
Not every sensor need to response to a query request.
Representative works: TAG, CAG, TinyDB
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Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion
![Page 17: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Mission-Critical Real-Time WCPS
Latency-Guaranteed INP
Reliability-Guaranteed INP
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Latency-Guaranteed INP
Data Aggregation:
Only Soft-Latency guarantee is provided
End-to-End Latency One-hop Latency
Feedback control Define rewards function
Evenly divide the spare time Semi-Markov chain
Define new metric
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Latency-Guaranteed INP
Packet Packing
Only Soft-Latency guarantee is provided
End-to-End Latency One-hop Latency
Grouping packets Pre-defined packet size
Opportunistic
Feedback control
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Latency-Guaranteed INP
Network Coding
Network Coding can improve average end-to-end delay
Individual delay of each packet is still an unexplored area
Data Fusion
Latency constraints can be achieved by adjusting network density
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Reliability-Guaranteed INP
Data Aggregation, Data Fusion, and Query Processing
Traffic load reduced → Collision and Interferences reduced → Reliability is assured
Packet Packing
Packet size is controlled to ensure the reliability
Network Coding
Similar to packet packing, coding degree can be controlled to ensure the reliability
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Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion
![Page 23: QoS-Assured In-Network Processing in Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey Qiao Xiang Advisor: Hongwei Zhang](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e525503460f94b47ef3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Open Issues
Systematic Modeling and Complexity Analysis
Joint Optimization of QoS and WCPS-specific INP
Cooperation of Different INP Methods in WCPS
Theoretical Foundations of Algorithm
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Outlines
Introduction
In-Network Processing Methods
QoS-Assured INP in WCPS
Open Issues
Conclusion