qr code attendance system...the manual system. besides, the system will notify the parents regarding...

QR CODE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

FATIN NADZIRAH BINTI ABDUL KHALID@MOHAMMED

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT)

WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2020

QR CODE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

FATIN NADZIRAH BINTI ABDUL KHALID@MOHAMMED

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT)

WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

JULY 2020

i

DECLARATION

I, Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul Khalid@Mohammed (matric number: BTAL17046392)

hereby declare that this report entitled QR Code Attendance System is based on my original

work except for quotations and citations, which have been acknowledge. This work was

done by me under the guidance of supervisor, Dr. Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar

from Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA.

______________________________________________

Name: Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul Khalid @ Mohammed

Date: JULY 2020

ii

APPROVAL

This project report entitled QR Code Attendance System by Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul

Khalid @ Mohammed, matric number BTAL17046392 has been satisfactory in terms of

scope, quality and presentation a partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor of

Computer Science (Software Development) in Universiti Sutan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).

_________________________________________

Supervisor: Dr. Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar

Date: JULY 2020

iii

DEDICATION

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah SWT for giving me the opportunity to complete my

thesis for my final year project entitled “QR Code Attendance System”. I would like to

express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar

for guiding me to complete my thesis, plus, the kindness and motivation towards me during

this final year project.

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to all lecturer that directly or

indirectly involved with my thesis writing and guide me throughout my years in UniSZA.

Last but not least, special thanks goes to my parents, family and friends for their endless

support and encouragement throughout my studies.

iv

ABSTRACT

It is undeniable that expert system application is gaining popularity. Advancement in

computer technology has influence the development in many other fields including

environment security and making it easier for users to work with technology. QR Code

Attendance System have been developed for helping teachers to manage student

attendance. Nowadays, taking attendance manually by using paper and pen was one

approach used by the teachers even they knew the process seems slow and unproductive.

Regarding this system, it will facilitate the teachers to overcome the issues instead of using

the manual system. Besides, the system will notify the parents regarding the student

attendance. It is to ensure the parents noticing about student attendance and avoid student

from play truant for the classes. This system used iterative model as a guidelines for the

development process. Besides, this system used PHP, MySQL and Apache. MySQL is a

center for storing the data involves while PHP language was selected to be used for the

system development. This attendance system aimed to facilitate the teachers whereby the

student attendance record is automatically saved in database. The teachers, students and

parents can view it anytime. Plus, the teachers need to login the system to display the

scanner and the students need to scan their QR Code before the class session starts. This

system will be an alternative solution for teachers to streamline the process of taking the

student attendance in order to notify the parents via email and it save the time.

v

ABSTRAK

Tidak dapat dinafikan lagi bahawa aplikasi sistem pakar semakin popular. Kemajuan dalam

teknologi komputer telah mempengaruhi perkembangan dalam banyak bidang termasuklah

keselamatan persekitaran dan memudahkan pengguna untuk bekerjasama dengan

teknologi. Sistem Kehadiran Kod QR dibangunkan untuk membantu guru dalam

menguruskan kehadiran pelajar. Pada masa kini, kehadiran diambil secara manual dengan

menggunakan kertas dan pen merupakan satu pendekatan yang digunakan oleh guru

walaupun mereka tahu prosesnya agak lambat dan tidak produktif. Berkaitan dengan sistem

ini, ia akan memudahkan guru dalam mengatasi isu-isu dan bukannya menggunakan sistem

secara manual. Selain itu, sistem akan memberitahu ibu bapa tentang kehadiran pelajar.

Hal ini adalah bagi memastikan ibu bapa dapat melihat kehadiran pelajar dan mengelakkan

pelajar daripada ponteng kelas. Sistem ini menggunakan model iteratif sebagai panduan

untuk proses pembangunan. Selain itu, sistem ini menggunakan PHP, MySQL dan Apache.

MySQL adalah pusat menyimpan data yang terlibat manakala bahasa PHP dipilih bagi

pembangunan sistem. Sistem kehadiran adalah bertujuan untuk memudahkan guru, di

mana rekod kehadiran pelajar disimpan secara automatik dalam pangkalan data. Guru,

pelajar dan ibu bapa boleh melihatnya pada bila-bila masa. Tambahan, guru perlu

memasuki sistem dan memaparkan pengimbas dan pelajar perlu mengimbas Kod QR yang

telah ditetapkan oleh guru sebelum sesi kelas bermula. Sistem ini adalah penyelesaian

vi

alternatif bagi guru untuk menyelaraskan proses mengambil kehadiran pelajar dengan

memberitahu ibu bapa melalui emel dan ia dapat menjimatkan masa.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION................................................................................................................ I

APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................... II

DEDICATION................................................................................................................. III

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... IV

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ V

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................ VII

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ XI

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... XIII

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... XIV

CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Project Background .................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Problem Statement...................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Objective ...................................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope............................................................................................................................. 4

1.6 Limitation of Work ..................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Expected Result ........................................................................................................... 5

1.8 Gantt Chart ................................................................................................................. 6

viii

CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................... 7

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 7

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7

2.2 System Problem ........................................................................................................... 8

2.3 Solution Approach .................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 QR Code Technology ........................................................................................... 11

2.4 Summary of Chapter ................................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................... 14

METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 14

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14

3.2 Project Methodology ................................................................................................. 15

3.1.1 Initial Planning ..................................................................................................... 16

3.1.2 Planning Phase ..................................................................................................... 16

3.1.3 Analysis Phase...................................................................................................... 17

3.1.4 Design Phase ........................................................................................................ 17

3.1.5 Implementation Phase .......................................................................................... 18

3.1.6 Testing Phase........................................................................................................ 18

3.1.7 Deployment Phase ................................................................................................ 19

3.1.8 Evaluation Phase .................................................................................................. 19

3.3 System Requirement ................................................................................................. 20

3.3.1 Software Requirements ........................................................................................ 20

3.3.2 Hardware Requirements ....................................................................................... 21

3.4 System Design and Modelling .................................................................................. 22

3.4.1 Framework ........................................................................................................... 23

3.4.2 Context Diagram .................................................................................................. 24

3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram ................................................................................ 25

3.4.4 Data Flow Diagram .............................................................................................. 26

3.5 Database Design ........................................................................................................ 36

3.5.1 Database Attendances .......................................................................................... 36

3.5.2 Table Admin ......................................................................................................... 37

3.5.3 Table Student........................................................................................................ 39

3.5.4 Table Teacher ....................................................................................................... 42

ix

3.5.5 Table Study_group ............................................................................................... 45

3.5.6 Table student_attendance ..................................................................................... 47

3.5.7 Table Program ...................................................................................................... 48

3.5.8 Table Classes ........................................................................................................ 49

3.6 Summary of chapter ................................................................................................. 50

CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................... 51

IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................... 51

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 51

4.2 Implementation of QR Code Attendance System .................................................. 52

4.3 Design Interface ........................................................................................................ 53

4.3.1 Admin Section ...................................................................................................... 53

4.3.1.1 Homepage ...................................................................................................... 53

4.3.1.2 Login Admin.................................................................................................. 54

4.3.1.3 Admin Dashboard .......................................................................................... 55

4.3.1.4 Manage Student ............................................................................................. 56

4.3.1.5 Manage Teacher ............................................................................................ 57

4.3.1.6 Manage Study Group ..................................................................................... 58

4.3.1.7 Manage Class ................................................................................................. 59

4.3.1.8 Change Password ........................................................................................... 60

4.3.1.9 Logout ............................................................................................................ 61

4.3.2 Teacher Section .................................................................................................... 62

4.3.2.1 Login Page ..................................................................................................... 62

4.3.2.2 Teacher Dashboard ........................................................................................ 63

4.3.2.3 Manage Student Attendance by system ......................................................... 64

4.3.2.4 Scan Identity (QR Code) ............................................................................... 65

4.3.2.5 Mark Attendance by QR Code ...................................................................... 66

4.3.2.6 Update Profile ................................................................................................ 67

4.3.2.7 Change Password ........................................................................................... 68

4.3.2.8 Logout ............................................................................................................ 69

4.3.3 Student Section ..................................................................................................... 70

4.3.3.1 Login .............................................................................................................. 70

4.3.3.2 Student Dashboard ......................................................................................... 71

4.3.3.3 Update Profile ................................................................................................ 72

4.3.3.4 Download QR Code ....................................................................................... 73

4.3.3.5 View Attendance ........................................................................................... 74

4.3.3.6 Change Password ........................................................................................... 75

4.3.3.7 Logout ............................................................................................................ 76

x

CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................... 77

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS ..................................................................................... 77

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 77

5.2 Testing Analysis ........................................................................................................ 78

5.2.1 Black Box Testing ................................................................................................ 78

5.3 Test Case .................................................................................................................... 79

5.3.1 Test Case Login .................................................................................................... 79

5.3.2 Add New Data ...................................................................................................... 82

5.3.2.1 Add Student ................................................................................................... 82

CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................... 84

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 84

6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 84

6.2 Project Contribution ................................................................................................. 85

6.3 Constraint .................................................................................................................. 85

6.4 Future Work .............................................................................................................. 86

6.5 Summary of Chapter ................................................................................................ 86

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 87

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

Figure 1 Existing Application .......................................................................................................... 8

Figure 2 QR Code Unique Structure .............................................................................................. 12

Figure 3: Iterative Model ............................................................................................................... 15

Figure 4: Framework of the system ............................................................................................... 23

Figure 5 : Context Diagram ........................................................................................................... 24

Figure 6: ERD of QR Code Attendance System ............................................................................ 25

Figure 7: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ............................................................................................. 26

Figure 8: DFD Level 1 for Manage Student .................................................................................. 28

Figure 9: DFD Level 1 for Manage Teacher .................................................................................. 29

Figure 10: DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent .................................................................................. 30

Figure 11: DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin ................................................................................. 31

Figure 12: DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance .......................................................................... 32

Figure 13: DFD Level 2 for Manage Program ............................................................................... 33

Figure 14: DFD Level 2 for Manage Study Group ........................................................................ 34

Figure 15: DFD Level 2 for Manage Class .................................................................................... 35

Figure 16: Database of attendances ............................................................................................... 36

Figure 17: table admin ................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 18: table student .................................................................................................................. 39

Figure 19: table teacher .................................................................................................................. 42

Figure 20: table study_group ......................................................................................................... 45

Figure 21: table student_attendance ............................................................................................... 47

Figure 22: table program ................................................................................................................ 48

Figure 23: table classes .................................................................................................................. 49

Figure 24: homepage...................................................................................................................... 53

Figure 25: login .............................................................................................................................. 54

Figure 26: Admin Dashboard ......................................................................................................... 55

Figure 27: Manage Student ............................................................................................................ 56

Figure 28: Manage Teacher ........................................................................................................... 57

Figure 29: Manage Study Group .................................................................................................... 58

Figure 30: Manage Class ............................................................................................................... 59

Figure 31: Change Password ......................................................................................................... 60


Figure 33: Login Page .................................................................................................................... 62

Figure 34: Teacher Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 63

xii

Figure 35: Manage Student Attendance by system ........................................................................ 64

Figure 36: Scan Identity (QR Code) .............................................................................................. 65

Figure 37: Mark Attendance by QR Code ..................................................................................... 66

Figure 38: Update Profile ............................................................................................................... 67


Figure 40: Logout .......................................................................................................................... 69

Figure 41: Login ............................................................................................................................ 70

Figure 42: Student Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 71

Figure 43: Update Profile ............................................................................................................... 72

Figure 44: Download QR Code ..................................................................................................... 73

Figure 45: View Attendance .......................................................................................................... 74


Figure 47: Logout .......................................................................................................................... 76

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

Table 1 Gantt Chart 1 ....................................................................................................................... 6

Table 2 Gantt Chart 2 ....................................................................................................................... 6

Table 3 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 9

Table 4: Software Requirements .................................................................................................... 20

Table 5: Hardware Requirements .................................................................................................. 21

Table 6: admin table....................................................................................................................... 37

Table 7: student table ..................................................................................................................... 39

Table 8: teacher table ..................................................................................................................... 42

Table 9:study_group table .............................................................................................................. 45

Table 10: student_attendance table ................................................................................................ 47

Table 11: program table ................................................................................................................. 48

Table 12: classes table ................................................................................................................... 49

Table 13: login success admin ....................................................................................................... 79

Table 14: login failed admin .......................................................................................................... 79

Table 15: login success teacher ...................................................................................................... 80

Table 16: login failed teacher ........................................................................................................ 80

Table 17: login success student ...................................................................................................... 81

Table 18: login failed student ....................................................................................................... 81

Table 19: Add student .................................................................................................................... 82

Table 20: Add Attendance ............................................................................................................. 83

xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CD Context Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

QR Quick Response

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

MySQL My Structured Query Language

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

This section is the introduction of report for the developed system. It will equip the basic

overview of the whole system. This chapter present about the project background, problem

statement, objectives, scope and limitation of works. The general information regarding

the system will be stated in background section of the report. The objectives state the main

goal of the system meanwhile the scope reveals who the user of the system and what the

users can do. Lastly, the limitation of works state the limit of the system and what is not

covered in this system.

2

1.2 Project Background

Nowadays, technology is really influential and it is the core elements in almost educational

institutions. They started to initiate the organization with technology. Usually, the

institutions used manual process for recording the attendance by using paper and pen. It

was one approach that has been used in almost institutions even the process seems slow

and unproductive.

This thesis is about QR Code Attendance System which will streamline the process

of taking the attendance. Despite the use of QR code in educational institutions is not

something new, but it is intended to reveal the use of technology that can solve the daily

problems.

This system will help facilitate attendance information of a particular student in a

particular class and it is under the supervision of teachers to generate the QR Code and to

collect data of the attendance. Besides helping the educators, the system may also notify

the parents regarding the student attendance and it is an alternative solutions to avoid the

students from play truant and trying to cheat on their attendance by asking friends to put

initial on the attendance sheet.

3

1.3 Problem Statement

Most of the attendance system is used manually which every student needs to sign the

attendance sheet paper and the teacher needs to print new attendance sheet every week.

Some problems with this manual system are:

I. Record of student attendance are done manually by using attendance sheet during

class session.

II. The attendance sheet could be lost and it gives opportunity for students to cheat

their attendance.

III. Students play truant and parents did not notify their children’s attendance for

classes.

1.4 Objective

The main objectives for this project are:

I. To design an efficient computerized attendance system to be used for teachers,

students and parents.

II. To implement the system to facilitate the lecturers managing student’s attendance.

III. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system in order to notify parents regarding the

students attendance.

4

1.5 Scope

The general scope for this project is to manage the process of taking attendance.

I. Admin

a. Has privileges to control and manage all lecturer, student and parent

management.

II. Teacher

a. Teacher may login the system which username and password provided by

admin.

b. Teacher can edit, update and take attendance of the class.

c. Teacher can view the attendance list of the students and generate the report.

III. Student

a. Student needs to login the system which username and password provided by

admin.

b. Student can update the profile or register their parent information.

IV. Parent

a. Parents can login to the system which username and password provided by

admin.

b. Parents may receive the attendance report via email and online system.

5

1.6 Limitation of Work

There are no devices provided for this system and the possibility for difficulties will occur

for the system to notify the report if the parents have no registered email.

1.7 Expected Result

• The system able to manage student attendance record efficiently.

• The system able to facilitate teachers to collect data and information.

• The system notifies the attendance record for parents effectively.

6

1.8 Gantt Chart

Table 1 Gantt Chart 1

Table 2 Gantt Chart 2

7

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In order to understand more about this system, readings involving related literature

was done. The source of references were important to classify the problems and to gain

possible solutions to the problems. The aims are to find, understand and master the related

approaches to the project and therefore article, journal and existing system are referenced.

The technology that will be used will be discussed briefly in this chapter.

8

2.2 System Problem

The system problem is revealing the comparison between the existing system or

applications with its strength and limitation.

Currently in University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) is using manual method in

managing the student attendance while in University of Mara Technology (UiTM) used

mobile application to record the attendance. The system is focus on recording attendance

for class, test and event. The users will be notified for any new activity that has been

updated and can be set for any five languages.

Figure 1 Existing Application

9

Table 3 Literature Review

CITE AUTHOR/YEAR OBJECTIVES/

METHOD

STRENGTH WEAKNESS/

LIMITATION

[1] Md Rizal Md

Henry, Mohd Noah

A.Rahman &

Afzaal.H.Seyal

(2017)

• The

proposed

attendance

system by

scanning the

QR Code on

the student

card using a

webcam and

attached to a

computer

system.

• The QR

Codes has

ability to

remain

function

when a part

of QR

Code is

broken.

• The loss of

student card

brings

difficulties

to take

attendance.

[2] Xiong Wei,

Anupam Manori,

N..,N.. & Vivek

Kumar

(2017)

• QR Code

system is

used to

computerize

the

traditional

way of

recording

attendance

and provide

efficient

method to

track

attendance.

• All process

of

managing

the student

attendance

record and

report are

performed

online and

can be

viewed via

mobile

phones.

• The teacher

needs to

scan the QR

Code of the

particular

student in

order to

confirm

their

attendance.

10

• An Android

app is

developed to

take

attendance

& generate

student

attendance.

[3] Nabeel Salih Ali,

Ali Al Farawn,

B.., Haider

Alsharqi

(2018)

• It focuses on

proposing a

RFID based

on

Attendance

Management

System &

information

service

system for

an academic

domain.

• Student no

need

connected

to the

internet as

RFID is a

wireless

technology.

• This system

cannot be

performed if

student lose

their student

card.

[4] Arpankumar

Patel, Ansel

Joseph,Shubham

Suravase &

Rohini Nair

(2019)

• The

proposed

system use

QR Code by

using

android

application.

• The lecturer

does not

have to

maintain

any record

as data get

stored in

database.

• The system

is solely

based on

strong

internet

connectivity.

11

2.3 Solution Approach

Solution approach part explained about the possible approach that will be applied in this

system. Thus, the technique that we will be used is QR Code.

2.3.1 QR Code Technology

QR Code, stands for Quick Response Code, is a two dimensional code used to record

thousands of characters and numbers in a small image created by Denso-Wave Corporation

of Japan in 1994. The QR Code is arranged in columns and rows of black and white colors

designed to be read by smartphone users. Users utilize the QR Code can simply use the

software decode built-in into the applications to convert scanned code images into the

coded information and save it into the database. [1] QR Code systems have been used

widely in many application areas, such as transport ticketing, entertainment, commercial

tracking or product labeling, etc. In this system, the users will scan the QR Code that

generates by the lecturer. The system records the attendance based on user information

extracted from the QR Code. The code that will be used here is to read the data and store

it into the database so that the system could retrieve it from the database.

12

Figure 2 QR Code Unique Structure

• Position patterns- It helps scanner find the edges of QR Code.

• Version information- It is directly connected with their dimensions and the amount

of data which should be encoded.

• Timing patterns- It enables the scanning software to understand the width of a

single module.

• Format Information- It helps the scanning device to define the data format, encoded

in the QR code.

• Alignment patterns- It allows the scanning device to define the possible perspective

distortion of the QR code image.

• Data and error correction keys- It has a capability to remain scan able even if it

damaged.

13

2.4 Summary of Chapter

This section summarizes related papers or techniques for the proposed system. The

knowledge, ideas and information from the review could help the development of the

proposed project.

14

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology is a specific procedure used to complete the project. The main function of

the methodology is to ensure the project can meet user requirements and the system could

be run smoothly. In this chapter, it explains the justifications for the use of methods or

approaches during the design and implementation of this system and as well as hardware

and software requirements. This system development life cycle used Iterative model and

this chapter also discuss about the technique to express, visualize, analyze and transform.

15

3.2 Project Methodology

In this method, there are a few phases of software development. Each phase has its own

specific task and purpose. The explanation of each phase are described in the following

subsection.

Figure 3: Iterative Model

16

3.1.1 Initial Planning

In this phase, it begins with brainstorming session with the supervisor to come up with the

idea and the title for the proposed project. The proposed project were listed and finally title

have been decided which is QR Code Attendance System. During this phase, the problem

of the system was identified before proceed to next phase.

3.1.2 Planning Phase

This phase is the first stage where the specific goals were identified. This planning process

includes the detailed overview of each goal, including the reason for its selection and the

outcomes of goal system. Then, the discussion continues with the supervisor in order to

reveal the problem statements, objectives and the scope based on user requirements.

17

3.1.3 Analysis Phase

During analysis phase, all the requirements was analyzed and the problems fully

understood. The information from related journal, papers and existing system was gathered

to have a better understanding in developing the system. This phase does not include any

building or prototyping. All the questions were attempted to ask and answered by the

supervisor in order to have a secure product requirements.

3.1.4 Design Phase

In this phase, Context Diagram (CD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Data Flow

Diagram (DFD), interface and database was designed to know more details about the

system. ERD is a data modeling technique that graphically illustrates an information

system’s entities and the relationships between those entities. DFD is graphical

representation of the flow of data through an information system, modelling its process

aspects.

18

3.1.5 Implementation Phase

In this phase, it takes the prototype from the design phase and converts in working model.

The decisions from the previous phases will influence how the implementation phase will

be actually carried out. The system is a web based system and will be developed using

Programming Language Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) which is used for coding the system

meanwhile PHPmyadmin is used to code the database.

3.1.6 Testing Phase

In this phase, the system is tested and bugs is corrected to determine whether the system

meets the specified requirements and find any errors occur in the coding before the system

can be used by the users. Finally, the system needs to be repeated if there is any bugs or

errors occur.

19

3.1.7 Deployment Phase

The system is ready to be used by the user. Once the system is stable, it is reviewed that

the system meets all the goals in the project plan for their satisfaction.

3.1.8 Evaluation Phase

In evaluation phase, the effectiveness of program operations, implementation, and service

delivery were analyzed. It helps to determine the effectiveness of program management

and determine either the system meets all the requirements or not.

20

3.3 System Requirement

The types of system requirements that have to be fulfilled during the development process

are software and hardware requirements. The details are as follows:

3.3.1 Software Requirements

Table 4: Software Requirements

NO. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

1 Microsoft Office 2013

Microsoft Word 2013

Microsoft Powerpoint 2013

Tools for creating and

editing the document,

slides and Gantt chart.

2 Web Browser

Google Chrome

Google Scholar

Used to gather

information related to the

project.

3 Local Web Server

Xampp(PHPMyAdmin)

Act as platform to create

database and also as a

server to the system.

4 Open source

Windows 8

Use to develop the project

5 Scripting using Notepad++ Used to write code script

for development system.

6 Drawing using draw.io Tools for creating CD,

DFD and ERD.

21

3.3.2 Hardware Requirements

Table 5: Hardware Requirements

NO. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

1 Laptop OS: Windows10

Processor: Intel inside Core i5 up to

2.8GHz

RAM: 2GB

Function: To develop system

2 Printer CANON iP2700 series

3 Pen drive Color Turn (8GB)

Function: For transferring data

4 Projector Connector Function: Intended for outputting user

generated content such as

presentations and work documents.

22

3.4 System Design and Modelling

The design for QR Code Attendance System such as framework, context diagram (CD),

data flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagram (ERD) are explained in the details

to ensure the development process is easily done. Based on the system, the framework

shows the system flow, the Context Diagram (CD) and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) shows

the physical design of the system while the Entities Relationship Diagram (ERD) act as the

logical design of the system.

23

3.4.1 Framework

Figure 4: Framework of the system

Figure 4 shows the framework of the system that involved admin, student, lecturer and

parent. The student needs to scan the QR Code before the class session starts. They

may also login to the system by entering the email and password that have been

provided by the admin in order to view their previous attendance list. Then, the teachers

need to login into the system by entering the email and password. They able to view

the user dashboard. The result of the attendance will be automatically save in the

database. Besides, the admin has privileges to control all user. They can login into the

system to edit, delete and update information in the system.

24

3.4.2 Context Diagram

Figure 5 : Context Diagram

The context diagram for QR Code Attendance System is shown in the figure above.

There are four users for this system which consists of admin, teacher, students and

parents. The users can login to the system by entering the email and password. The

teacher needs to insert program ID, study group ID and class ID as the starter of

attendance process. Admin can update any information related to the teacher and

student details meanwhile the student can login to the system only for viewing their

attendance or update profile.

25

3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 6: ERD of QR Code Attendance System

Figure 6 shows the ERD of the system that illustrates system’s entities information and

entities relationship. ERD consists of 3 components such as identifying and defining

the entities, determine entities interaction and the cardinality of the relationship.

26

3.4.4 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 7: Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

27

Figure 7 shows the Data Flow Diagram of the system. The DFD has four entities which are

ADMIN, TEACHER, STUDENT and PARENT. There are nine(9) main process involved

in this system which is Manage Student, Manage Teacher, Manage Parent, Manage Admin,

Manage Attendance, Manage Program, Manage Study group, Manage Class and Generate

Report. There are eight (8) data store in this system which are student, teacher, admin,

parent, attendance, program, study group and class.

28

Figure 8: DFD Level 1 for Manage Student

Figure 8 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Student. There are four small process which

includes Add student, Update student, Delete student and View student. All the data

involved in the process will be store in the data store Student Record.

29

Figure 9: DFD Level 1 for Manage Teacher

Figure 9 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Teacher. There are four small process which

includes Add teacher, Update teacher, Delete teacher and View teacher. Admin can

edit the details information about teachers. . All the data involved in the process will

be store in the data store Teacher Record.

30

Figure 10: DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent

Figure 10 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent. There are four small process which

includes Add parent, Update parent, Delete parent and View parent. Admin can edit

the details information about parents. All the data involved in the process will be store

in the data store Parent Record.

31

Figure 11: DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin

Figure 11 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin. There are also four small process

which includes Add admin, Update admin, Delete admin and View admin. All the data

involved in the process will be store in the data store Admin Record.

32

Figure 12: DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance

Figure 12 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance. There are also three main

process in this level which are Manage Program, Manage Study group and Manage

Class.

33

Figure 13: DFD Level 2 for Manage Program

Figure 13 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Program. There are also four small process

which includes Add program, Update program, Delete program and View program. All

the data involved in the process will be store in the data store Program Record.

34

Figure 14: DFD Level 2 for Manage Study Group

Figure 14 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Study Group. There are also four small

process which includes Add study group, Update study group, Delete study group and

View study group. All the data involved in the process will be store in the data store

study group record.

35

Figure 15: DFD Level 2 for Manage Class

Figure 15 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Class. There are also four small process

which includes Add class, Update class, Delete class and View class. All the data

involved in the process will be store in the data store Class Record.

36

3.5 Database Design

Database design is used to keep related data in database. There are eight tables together

that has been used in generating the system which include table admin, student, teacher,

parent, program, course, classes and attendance.

3.5.1 Database Attendances

Figure 16: Database of attendances

37

3.5.2 Table Admin

Figure 17: table admin

Table 6: admin table

ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL

Admin_id ‘Admin_id’

represents the

unique id that holds

by admin.

int (11) PRIMARY -

Admin_name ‘Admin_name’

represents full name

as in identity card,

to show the

registered admin

that can manage the

system.

Varchar (200) - -

38

Admin_email ‘Admin_email’

represents the

nickname that use

for login process.

Varchar (300) UNIQUE -

Admin_password ‘Password’ is

representing the key

for an authorized

admin to login the

system.

Text - -

Admin_phone “Admin_phone”

represents admin’s

contact number.

Varchar (15) - -

Admin_address “Admin_address”

represents the

address of the

admin.

Text - -

Admin_add_date “Admin_add_date”

represents the date of

admin’s login.

Timestamp - -

39

3.5.3 Table Student

Figure 18: table student

Table 7: student table


Student_id ‘Student_id’ represents

the unique id that holds

by student.

Int (5) PRIMARY -

Student_fname ‘Student_fname’

represent the first name

of the student.

Varchar(200) - -

40

Student_fname ‘Student_lname’

represent the last name

of the student.

Varchar(200) - -

Student_phone ‘Student_phone’

represents the contact

number of the student.

Varchar(15) - -

Student_dob ‘Student_dob’

represents the birthdate

of the student.

Date - -

Student_email ‘Student_email’

represents the email

used for login process.

Varchar(300) UNIQUE -

Student_IC “Student_IC” represents

the identity card of the

student.

Varchar(30) -

Student_password ‘Student_password’ is

representing the key for

an authorized student to

login the system.

Varchar(15) - -

Student_gender ‘Student_gender’

represents the gender of

the student either male

or female.

Varchar(10) - -

41

Student_address ‘Student_address’

represents the address of

the student.

Text - -

Student_program ‘Student_program’

represents the program

of the student.

Varchar(300) - -

Student_semester ‘Student_semester’

represents the current

semester of the student.

Varchar(10) - -

Student_add_date “Student_add_date”

represents the date of the

registration.

Timestamp - -

Student_pic “Student_pic” represents

the picture of the student.

Text - -

42

3.5.4 Table Teacher

Figure 19: table teacher

Table 8: teacher table


Teacher_id ‘Teacher_id’

represents the unique

id that holds by

teacher.

Int (10) PRIMARY -

Teacher_fname ‘Teacher_fname’

represents first name

of the teacher as in

identity card.

Varchar (100) - -

Teacher_lname ‘Teacher_lname’

represents the last

name of the teacher

as in identity card.

Varchar (100) - -

43

Teacher_phone ‘Teacher_phone’

represents the

teacher’s phone

number.

Varchar(20) - -

Teacher_subject “Teacher_subject”

represents the subject

teaches by the teacher.

Varchar (100) - -

Teacher_email ‘Teacher_email’

represents the email

used for login

process.

Varchar (20) - -

Teacher_password ‘Password’ is

representing the key

for an authorized

teacher to login the

system.

Text - -

Teacher_gender ‘Teacher_gender’

represent the gender

of the teacher either

male or female.

Varchar(20) - -

Teacher_address ‘Teacher_address’

represents the address

of the student.

Text - -

44

Teacher_pic “Teacher_pic”

represents the picture

of the teacher.

Text - -

Teacher_add_date “Teacher_add_date”

represents the date of

the teacher’s

registration.

Timestamp - -

45

3.5.5 Table Study_group

Figure 20: table study_group

Table 9:study_group table


Study_ group_id ‘Study_ group_id’

represents the


by study group.

Int (11) PRIMARY -

Study_ group_name ‘Study_

group_name’

represents the name

of study group.

Varchar (100) - -

Teacher_id ‘Teacher_id’

represents the


by the teacher.

Int(11) - -

46

Class_id ‘Class_id

represents the


by the class.

Varchar(100) - -

Study_group_add_date ‘Study_

group_add_date’

represents the

registration date of

study_group.

Timestamp - -

47

3.5.6 Table student_attendance

Figure 21: table student_attendance

Table 10: student_attendance table


Att_id ‘Att_id’ represents the

unique id that holds by

the attendance.

Int(11) PRIMARY -

Att_sts ‘Att_sts’ represents the

status for student

attendance.

Varchar (100) - -

Att_date ‘Att_date’ represents the

date for the student

attendance.

Timestamp - -

Student_id ‘Student_id’ represents


by student

Varchar (100) - -

Teacher_id ‘Teacher_id’ represents


by teacher.

Varchar(100) - -

48

3.5.7 Table Program

Figure 22: table program

Table 11: program table


Program_id ‘Program_id’ represents


by the program.

Int(11) PRIMARY -

Program_name ‘Program_name

represents the full name

of the program.

Varchar(200) - -

Program_status ‘Program_status’

represents the status for

the program.

Varchar(10)

- -

Program_add_date ‘Program_add_date’

represents the

registration date of the

program.

Timestamp - -

49

3.5.8 Table Classes

Figure 23: table classes

Table 12: classes table


Class_id ‘Class_id’ represents the

unique id that holds by

the program.

Int(11) PRIMARY -

Class_name ‘Class_name’ represents

the name of the class.

Varchar(50) UNIQUE -

Class_status ‘Class_status’ represents

the status of the class

either enable or disable.

Int(11) - -

Class_add_date ‘Class_add_date’

represents the registration

date of the class.

Timestamp - -

50

3.6 Summary of chapter

Overall, this chapter discussed the methodology that has been used in developing this

project. It also explain the software and hardware requirements that leads to successful

system. This chapter shows how the system works well with the project design and

modelling. Plus, the flow of the system is proven in the diagram for a better understanding

about the whole system.

51

CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Introduction

This chapter will show the system flow and the result of QR Code Attendance System. It

is to ensure and determine whether the system developed has meet the needs of the user’s

requirements and fulfilled the objectives.

52

4.2 Implementation of QR Code Attendance System

QR Code Attendance System is develop using PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor). This

language is used because it is an open source for general-purpose scripting language. It can

be embedded into HTML and suits for web development. While for the system interface,

HTML is used because it is a standard markup language for web pages. Plus, Open Source

Database (MySQL version 5.1.47) is used. Apache used to run local host server and

notepad++ used for writing and edit the code.

53

4.3 Design Interface

4.3.1 Admin Section

4.3.1.1 Homepage

Figure 24: homepage

Figure 24 shows the homepage of the system. Users can select the option to login either

the user is an admin, lecturer, student or parent.

54

4.3.1.2 Login Admin

Figure 25: login

Figure 25 shows the login page for an administrator. Admin will insert an email and

password to login the page. Then the user will redirect to the admin dashboard.

55

4.3.1.3 Admin Dashboard

Figure 26: Admin Dashboard

Figure 26 shows admin dashboard where the admin can click which icon to be selected

and managed.

56

4.3.1.4 Manage Student

Figure 27: Manage Student

Figure 27 shows the manage student page where the admin can add new student. Admin

can fill in the student form which includes Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Phone,

Gender, Date of Birth, Program, Semester, Email, Password, Student IC, Upload PIC and

Address of student. Then, the register student button should be clicked and it will

automatically save the data in database.

57

4.3.1.5 Manage Teacher

Figure 28: Manage Teacher

Figure 28 shows the manage teacher page where an admin can add new teacher’s

registration. Admin can fill in the form which includes Teacher ID, First Name, Last Name,

Phone, Subject, Email, Password, Gender, Address and Upload Pic. Then, the register

teacher button should be clicked and it will automatically save the data in database.

58

4.3.1.6 Manage Study Group

Figure 29 shows study group page that can be monitored by an admin. Admin can add the

study group name, choose class and choose teacher. In order to add the study group, admin

need to click on the assign button and it will be registered.

Figure 29: Manage Study Group

59

4.3.1.7 Manage Class

Figure 30: Manage Class

Figure 30 shows the page for manage class where by the admin can add the class name and

the class status either enabled or disabled. Then, the save class button should be clicked.

The class name and status will be appeared and the admin can either add more class, delete

or edit the info.

60

4.3.1.8 Change Password

Figure 31: Change Password

Figure 31 shows the page for changing the admin password. Admin needs to insert old

password, new password and insert password confirmation. Then, the change password

button should be clicked and the password will automatically change.

61

4.3.1.9 Logout


Figure 32 shows the logout button on the admin dashboard. If the admin click on the

logout, it will end the session and will be redirected to the homepage.

62

4.3.2 Teacher Section

4.3.2.1 Login Page

Figure 33: Login Page

Figure 33 shows the login page for the teacher. The teacher will insert an email and

password. Then the user will redirect to the teacher dashboard.

63

4.3.2.2 Teacher Dashboard

Figure 34: Teacher Dashboard

Figure 34 shows teacher dashboard where the teacher can click which icon to be selected

in order to manage it.

64

4.3.2.3 Manage Student Attendance by system

Figure 35: Manage Student Attendance by system

Figure 35 shows the page of teacher to mark attendance by manually using the system.

There are two ways either the teacher may mark the attendance for individual or mark it

for all. For individual attendance, the teacher need to insert the student ID, choose the status

of attendance either present or absent and choose the date. After save the record, the list

name will be appeared at the bottom of the page. Meanwhile, the process quite similar for

marking all of the attendance. The teacher needs to click check all button, choose the status

and the date. All of the list name will be appeared at the bottom of the page.

65

4.3.2.4 Scan Identity (QR Code)

Figure 36: Scan Identity (QR Code)

Figure 36 shows the page for the teacher to display the camera for student in order to scan

the QR Code.

66

4.3.2.5 Mark Attendance by QR Code

Figure 37: Mark Attendance by QR Code

Figure 37 shows the page of attendance successfully mark by using the QR Code. The right

symbol appeared to show that the process of marking attendance is successful and the

student name is registered in the database.

67

4.3.2.6 Update Profile

Figure 38: Update Profile

Figure 38 shows the page for teacher to update the profile information. The teacher needs

to click the update teacher button after changing the profile information. The data will

automatically change and save in the database.

68



Figure 39 shows the page for changing the teacher password. The teacher needs to insert

old password, new password and insert password confirmation. Then, the change password

button should be click and the password will automatically change.

69

4.3.2.8 Logout

Figure 40: Logout

Figure 40 shows the logout button on the teacher dashboard. If the teacher click on the


70

4.3.3 Student Section

4.3.3.1 Login

Figure 41: Login

Figure 41 shows the login page for student. The student will insert an email and password.

Then the user will redirect to the student dashboard.

71

4.3.3.2 Student Dashboard

Figure 42: Student Dashboard

Figure 42 shows student dashboard where the student can click which icon to be selected

and manage the issues.

72

4.3.3.3 Update Profile

Figure 43: Update Profile

Figure 43 shows the page for student to update the profile information. The student needs

to click the update student button after changing the profile information. The data will

automatically change and save in the database.

73

4.3.3.4 Download QR Code

Figure 44: Download QR Code

Figure 44 shows the QR Code for each student to be downloaded. This QR Code will be

used for the student to scan the identity on a camera that will be displayed by the teacher

before the class started.

74

4.3.3.5 View Attendance

Figure 45: View Attendance

Figure 45 shows the page for student to view their attendance. The student can used the

search part to find the keyword on the attendance list.

75



Figure 46 shows the page for changing the student password. The student needs to insert

old password, new password and insert password confirmation. Then, the change password

button should be clicked and the password will automatically change.

76

4.3.3.7 Logout

Figure 47: Logout

Figure 47 shows the logout button on the student dashboard. If the student click on the


77

CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Introduction

In this chapter, the testing will be run to test when the system developed has meet the user

requirements and accomplish the objectives of the system. Plus, the requirements have

been defined and completed the coding process.

78

5.2 Testing Analysis

5.2.1 Black Box Testing

The testing technique that has been used for this system is black box testing as it is a method

of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without looking at the

internal structures. This technique also called as specification based technique which derive

and select the test conditions and the test case is based on analysis of the basis

documentation. This part consists of functional and non-functional testing. The testing

should be done module by module and this technique does not require tester to have

intelligence and knowledge about programming language. The tester can be anybody even

though they do not even know about the process in developing the system.

79

5.3 Test Case

5.3.1 Test Case Login

Table 13: login success admin

Test case Success Login for Admin

Step Procedure Expected Result Result

1. Go to main page Login page loaded success

2. Enter the details:

Username:

[email protected]

Password: admin1

success

3. Click “Login”

button

Page will be

directed to the

admin dashboard.

success

Table 14: login failed admin

Test case Failed Login for Admin




Username:

[email protected]

Password: admin1

success


button

A message

“Invalid email or

password” will be

appeared.

success

mailto:[email protected]


80

Table 15: login success teacher

Test case Success Login for teacher




Username:

[email protected]

Password:

password

success


button

Page will be

directed to the

teacher dashboard.

success

Table 16: login failed teacher

Test case Failed Login for Teacher




Username:

[email protected]

Password: admin1

success


button

A message

“Invalid email or

password” will be

appeared.

success



81

Table 17: login success student

Test case Success Login for student




Username:

[email protected]

Password:

password

success


button

Page will be

directed to the

student dashboard.

success

Table 18: login failed student

Test case Failed Login for student




Username:

[email protected]

Password:

password

success


button

A message

“Invalid email or

password” will be

appeared.

success



82

5.3.2 Add New Data

5.3.2.1 Add Student

Table 19: Add student

Test case Add for student

Step Procedure Expected

Result

Result

1. Go to admin

dashboard

Click on

STUDENT

success


Student ID: 46392

First name: Fatin

Last name: Nadzirah

Phone: 0199032999

Gender: Female

Date of Birth:

23/09/2020

Program:

Pembangunan Perisian

Semester: 6

Email:

[email protected]

Student IC:

98092311****

Address: Tembila

Picture: -

If user forget

to fill one of

the field, a

message

“please fill out

this field” will

be appeared.

success

3. Click “Register

Student” button

The student

information

will be

appeared on

the list at the

bottom of the

form.

success


83

Table 20: Add Attendance

Test case Failed add attendance by system


1. Go to teacher

dashboard

Click on MARK

ATTENDANCE

success


Student ID:

046392

Mark Attendance:

Present

Date: 27/6/2020

If user forget to fill

one of the field, a

message “please

fill out this field”

will be appeared.

success

3. Click “Save

Record” button

The information

will be appeared

on the list on the

page.

success

84

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

6.1 Introduction

This chapter contains contribution of project, constraint and the future work. The

contribution section focus on what have been done by the developer and its significance to

the user while the future work proposed the enhancement to the system.

85

6.2 Project Contribution

This project helps the educator in institution to record the attendance by using the system

and also the QR Code instead of record manually by pen and sheet of papers. It helps the

educators to secure the data. Plus, the student can also aware about their attendance record

and the educators can save the time instead of taking a long time to mark attendance in the

class. By using this method, less of paper will be used and the probability for the attendance

records to be lost is low.

6.3 Constraint

There are several constraint in the process of developing the system. Some constraint are

shown bellows:

I. The attendance list does not include time for the student attendance.

II. The attendance report is minimal.

86

6.4 Future Work

There are a lot of discovery has been made. This system is not fully perfect system as it

contains weaknesses and need to be upgraded. The suggestion for this system is:

1. The system should be upgraded by inserting the time in attendance list.

2. The system should be modified by including a part for teachers to upload the

lecture notes.

3. The system should be modified into an automatically generate schedule for the

teachers.

6.5 Summary of Chapter

The QR Code attendance system that has been developed will provide a new and less

troublesome way of taking student attendance. This system will replace the current system

of manual attendance record by the teachers. By using this system, it will help the educators

to manage the attendance systematically.

87

REFERENCES

[1] Hendry, M. R. M., Rahman, M. N. A., & Seyal, A. H. (2017). Smart attendance

system applying QR code. In 12th International Conference on Latest Trends in

Engineering and Technology (ICLTET'2017) May (pp. 22-24).

[2] Wei, X., Manori, A., Devnath, N., Pasi, N., & Kumar, V. (2017). QR Code

Based Smart Attendance System. International Journal of Smart Business and

Technology, 5(1), 1-10.

[3] Rjeib, H. D., Ali, N. S., Al Farawn, A., Al-Sadawi, B., & Alsharqi, H. (2018).

Attendance and information system using rfid and web-based application for

academic sector. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and

Applications, 9(1).

[4] Patel, A., Joseph, A., Survase, S., & Nair, R. (2019). Smart Student Attendance

System Using QR Code. Available at SSRN 3370769.

qr code attendance system...the manual system. besides, the system will notify the parents regarding...

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