quality and product safety in sub saharan africa – challenges and opportunities
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Quality and product safety in Sub Saharan Africa – challenges and opportunities. By Ivar Foss, Ivar Foss Quality Management, Norway E-mail: [email protected]. My background. 13 years in Det norske Veritas, 5 years as Executive Vice President - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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No. 1
Quality and product safety in Sub Saharan
Africa – challenges and opportunities
By Ivar Foss, Ivar Foss Quality Management, Norway
E-mail: [email protected]
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No. 2
My background• 13 years in Det norske Veritas, 5 years as
Executive Vice President• Ivar Foss Quality Management established
in 1987• 11 years of consulting in CEEC• Last 3 years:
Consulting on trade development in Africa. Clients: Sida, Norad, UNIDO, ISO etc.
• Lived in Kenya for two years
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No. 3
The Sida/Norad strategy project
The main report is available from Sida, see www.sida.se
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No. 4
African trade initiativesAfrican Union:• The African Common MarketNEPAD Market Access Initiative (2001):• Points out the need to increase value added in
agro-processing and mineral beneficiation• Promotes development of the private sector• Give specific recommendations for removal of
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)• Sets objectives for agriculture, including food
security, but is not specific with regard to Sanitary and phytosanitary Measures (SPS)
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No. 5
CapeVerde
Como-ros
Mauri-tius
Sey-chelles
Barcelona
ECOWAS
ECOWAS and UEMOA
SADC
COMESA
Barcelonaand COMESA
SADC and COMESA
Tradeareas
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No. 6
Vegetable export from Kenya
HCDA packing and storage facility at Nairobi Airport
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No. 7
Testing laboratories
Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi
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No. 8
New solutions in metrology
Mobile calibration laboratory for Mozambique
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No. 9
Objectives in three dimensions• Each country has to protect its own society
against hazardous and sub-standard products, imported as well as domestically produced
• Exporters have to comply with the increas-ingly demanding requirements in target markets
• Complying to requirements is not enough – the products must also be attractive in the target markets. Supply side development is required
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No. 10
General and Targeted Strategies
Awareness buildingEngagement and basic training
Export-focussed
tailor madequaltiy
infrastructure
Domesticfocussedgeneral
TBT/SPSstructure
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No. 11
Creating awareness -why is it so important?
No change will take place until influential stakeholders are convinced of the need for change!
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No. 12
Two sets of strategiesDefensive strategies• Regulate only when
risks are significant• Limit national legisla-
tion; make use of international standards
• Simplify conformity assessment procedures
• Develop the quality infrastructure
• Improve transparency
Offensive strategies• Collect info. on Technical
Regulations, standards and conformtiy assessment in target markets
• Map market requirements• Develop a tailormade
conformity assessment infrastructure
• Develop quality as a competitive strategy
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No. 13
Ensure safe products on domestic markets
Domestic suppliers
Tariffsand quotas
- Laws and regulations- Standards- Market surveillance
Border control
Trade andindustrypolicy
Imports
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No. 14
The food chain approach for the SPS area
Planthealth
Animalhealth
Foodsafety
Multidisciplinary approach
• Scientific risk assessment• HACCP
IPPC CodexOIE
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No. 15
The SPS infrastructure• Most African countries have not adopted the food chain
approach. Present legislation is outdated• National SPS policies are absent• Responsibilities and resouces are scatted on many ministries
(up to 6)• The infrastructure for testing and enforcement is weak• The risk analysis process is introduced only in special cases,
typically for export• Most countries are members of Codex, OIE and
IPPC
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No. 16
Standardisation in Africa• 14 full members and 16 associates or corre-
sponding members of ISO• ~ 50 countries are members of Codex and OIE• 66 % of NSBs are autonomous government
bodies• The NSBs have published few standards (< 150)• The distinction between standards and
regulations is blurred• Participation in international standards
development is low
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No. 17
The leapfrog strategy
ConsistentEffective
InternationalSimple
Newsolutions
Old problems and solutions
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No. 18
Traditional and new approach to standards
The Reference to Standards Principle:Products complyingwith the referenced standards are pre- sumed to comply with legal require-ments
Technical regulations
Legal act
Voluntarystandards
Referenceto standards
Gov
ernm
ent
NS
B
Legal act
Regulations
Mandatorystandards
Traditionalapproach
Gov
ernm
ent
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No. 19
Commonregulatoryobjectives
International(or other agreed)
standards
Country A National legislation
Country B Country C Country D
The international model for regulatory harmonisation
Evidence of conformity
Regional andsectoral structure
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No. 20
Harmonisation of standards
ISO etc.
NSB NSB NSB
ARSO (African Regional Organisation for Standardisation
Regional organisation
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No. 21
Recommended strategy for African standardisation
• Introduce the Reference to Standards Principle and The International Model in legislation in order to promote regional harmonisation
• Accept international standards for industrial products• Influence Codex, OIE and IPPC to take African
concerns into accounts• Establish regional African scientific committees to
support participation in international standardisation• Develop African regional standards for products
and conditions that are specific to Africa
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No. 22
Regional development of con-formity assessment services• Calibration services (industrial and legal
metrology, proficiency testing)• Reference laboratories (chemistry and
microbiology for food safety, animal and plant health)
• Management system certification: Quality, environment, HACCP
• Accreditation• Scientifically based risk assessment
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No. 23
Present products and markets
TraditionalLocal, DomesticRegional Africa
EmergingMiddle EastIndia, etc.
DemandingEurope, USA,
Japan
CommoditiesAgricultutal products
Value-added prod.Processed agricult. prod.Textiles, leather, etc.
A few success stories based on Just-in-time strategies
MineralsMetals, gems, oil/gas
Markets
Products
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No. 24
Targeted Export Strategies
TraditionalLocal, DomesticRegional Africa
EmergingMiddle EastIndia, etc.
DemandingEurope, USA,
Japan
CommoditiesAgricultural products
Value-added prod.Processed agricult. prod.Textiles, leather, etc.
MineralsMetals, gems, oil/gas, etc.
Markets
Products
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No. 25
The Just-in-Time Export Strategy
TechnicalRegulationsStandards
Competitive products
Recognised documentation
of compliance
Supplier.Produceand sell
The targetmarket
TBT 1)
TBT
SP
S SP
S
1)
Tariffsand quota
1) and other non-tariff barrier
QualityPrice
Availability Market requirements
Conformityassessment
MRAs
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No. 26
Inspection
Excellence
Statistical quality control
Quality assurance/management
Total quality management
1920 1960 2000
Developmentstage
Quality as a competitive strategy
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No. 27
The important role of the NSBStandardisation:
– Industrial as well as food safety, animal and plant health
– Arm length distance, independence from government
– Establish a good committee structure
Other services:– Information centre, incl. WTO enquiry point
– Laboratory testing
– Certification services
– Calibration services, possibly metrology institute
– Training
A national focal point for quality and product safety
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No. 28
Conclusions• Africa faces very large and multi-facetted challenges
in the areas of quality and product safety
• National policies should guide development priorities
• Targeted and specific strategies are required in order to succeed
• Regional cooperation is important for rapid development
• Export development must be accompanied by the relevant conformity assessment structure
• Both national and regional developments require technical assistence
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No. 29
How do you eat an elephant?