Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control

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Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control

What is Quality Assurance?

Quality Assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers.

Defined by ISO 9000 as “part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled”

It is the systematic measurement, comparison with a standard, monitoring of processes and an associated feedback loop that confers error prevention. [1]

What is Quality Assurance?Two principles included in quality assurance are: “Fit for purpose” (the product should be suitable for the intended purpose); and “right first time” (mistakes should be eliminated).

QA includes management of the quality of raw materials, assemblies, products and components, services related to production, and management, production and inspection processes.

Quality Assurance attempts to improve and stabilize production (and associated processes) to avoid, or at least minimize, issues which led to the defect(s) in the first place. [1]

What is Quality Control?

Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as “A part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements”.

Quality control emphasizes testing of products to uncover defects and reporting to management who make the decision to allow or deny product release.[2]

What is Quality Control?

This approach places an emphasis on three aspects:

Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes,performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records.

Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications.

Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. [2]

Software Quality Assurance

Software quality assurance (SQA) consists of a means of monitoring the software engineering processes and methods used to ensure quality.

The methods by which this is accomplished are many and varied, and may include ensuring conformance to one or more standards, such as ISO 9000 or a model such as CMMI.

SQA is organized into goals, commitments, abilities, activities, measurements, and verifications. [3]

Software Quality AssuranceSQA encompasses the entire software development process, which includes processes such as requirements definition, software design, coding, source code control, code reviews, software configuration management, testing, release management, and product integration. [3]

SQA helps ensure the development of high-quality software.

SQA practices are implemented in most types of software development, regardless of the underlying software development model being used. In a broader sense, SQA incorporates and implements software testing methodologies to test software. [5]

Software Quality Assurance

SQA processes tests for quality in each phase of development until the software is complete.

With SQA, the software development process moves into the next phase only once the current/previous phase complies with the required quality standards.

SQA generally works on one or more industry standards that help in building software quality guidelines and implementation strategies. These standards include the ISO 9000 and capability maturity model integration (CMMI). [5]

Software Quality Control

Software Quality Control is the set of procedures used by organizations to ensure that a software product will meet its quality goals at the best value to the customer, and to continually improve the organization’s ability to produce software products in the future.

The main objective is to discover defects of a system and the assessment of whether the system is usable in an operational situation.

Software quality control refers to specified functional requirements as well as non-functional requirements such as supportability, performance and usability. It also refers to the ability for software to perform well in unforeseeable scenarios and to keep a relatively low defect rate. [4]

Quality Control ActivitiesCheck that assumptions and criteria for the selection of data and the different factors related to data are documented.

Check for transcription errors in data input and reference.

Check the integrity of database files.

Check for consistency in data.

Check that the movement of inventory data among processing steps is correct.

Check for uncertainties in data, database files etc.

Undertake review of internal documentation.

Check methodological and data changes resulting in recalculations.

Undertake completeness checks.Compare Results to previous Results. [4]

Differentiating Between QC and QAQuality means meeting requirements and meeting customer needs, which means a defect-free product from both the producer’s and the customer’s viewpoint.

Both quality control and quality assurance are used to make quality happen. Of the two, quality assurance is the more important.

Quality is an attribute of a product. A product is something produced, such as a requirement document, test data, source code, load module or terminal screen. Another type of product is a service that is performed, such as meetings with customers, help desk activities and training sessions. Services are a form of products, and therefore, also contain attributes. [6]

Differentiating Between QC and QA

QC is an activity that verifies whether or not the product produced meets standards.

QA is an activity that establishes and evaluates the processes that produce the products. If there is no process, there is no role for QA.

Assurance would determine the need for, and acquire or help install system development methodologies, estimation processes, system maintenance processes, and so forth. [6]

Quality Assurance

Main concepts of this list have been extracted from here [7] [8] [9].

Deliberates on providing assurance that quality request will be achieved.

Aims to prevent the defect.

Technique of managing the quality.

Does not involve executing the program.

All team members are responsible for QA.

Quality Assurance

Main concepts of this list have been extracted from here [7] [8] [9].

Means planning for doing a process.

Statistical Technique used on QA is known as Statistical Process Control (SPC).

Makes sure you are doing the right things.

Defines standards and methodologies to be followed in order to meet the customer’s requirement.

Process to create the deliverables.

Quality Control

Main concepts of this list have been extracted from here [7] [8] [9].

Deliberates of fulfilling the quality request.

Aims to identify and improve the defects.

Method to verify the quality.

Always involves executing the program.

Testing team is responsible for QC.

Quality Control

Main concepts of this list have been extracted from here [7] [8] [9].

Means action for executing the planned process.

Statistical Technique used on QC is known as Statistical Quality Control (SQC).

Makes sure the results of what you’ve done are what you expected.

Ensures that the standards are followed while working on the product.

Process to verify the deliverables

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_quality_assurance

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_quality_control

[5] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4363/software-quality-assurance-sqa

[6] Guide to the CSQA Common Body of Knowledge http://www.softwarecertifications.org/

[7] http://www.diffen.com/difference/Quality_Assurance_vs_Quality_Control

[8] http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/quality-assurance-vs-quality-control/

[9] http://testingbasicinterviewquestions.blogspot.com.br/2015/03/top-14-differences-between-qa-and-qc-in.html

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