Quality Assured Measurements of Animal Building Emissions: Part 2. Particulate

Matter Concentrations

Albert Heber; Teng Lim; John Gallien, Ji-Qin Ni; Pei-Chun Tao

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Larry JacobsonUniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN

Jacek KozielTexas A&M University, Amarillo, TX

Steven HoffIowa State University, Ames, IA 

Yuanhui ZhangUniversity of Illinois, Urbana, IL

Jerry BaughmanNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 

ObjectivesDescribe use of TEOM in livestock

buildings to measure TSP, PM10 and PM2.5.

Discuss QAQCShow some preliminary data

collected this year

Laying House PM

Dust Measuring Strategies Determine temporal variation (Hinze et al., 1998)

Semi-continuous mass monitor Representative exhaust fan (minimum winter)Calibrate with FRM

Determine spatial variation (Wang et al., 1999)Multi-point gravimetric filter samplingMultiple exhausts plus ambientCalibrate with FRM

TEOM flow schematic Sampling Inlet

Vacuum Pump

Sensor Unit

Flow Splitter

Control Unit

3.00 l/min

Main Flow 13.67 l/min

Aux. Flow Flow Controller

Filter

TEOM record in a pig house (Hinz et al., 1998)

PM Monitoring Schematic

Barn I n strument

shelter

TEOM control ler uni t

DAQ

TEOM sensor and inlet

PREF Ventilation fan

Cables and heated vacuum

lines

Raceway Contains Vacuum Lines

TEOM PM10

System Calibration

Flow controller calibration (software) Mass flow controller calibration (hardware) Analog calibration Mass transducer verification Flow audit procedure Ambient temperature calibration Barometric pressure calibration

TEOM Maintenance Filter replacement PM-10 inlet cleaning Replacing large bypass in-line filter Replacing flow controller filters Cleaning air inlet system Leak testing

Changing TEOM Filter

Loaded TEOM Filter

“Feathered” Bug Screen

Plugged Bug Screen

PM10 Inlet Body

Large Particles Collected

Collocated TEOMS, FRM

Faninlet

External screen

PM10

inlet

Cabinet

Wedding PM10

Collocated PM10 Measurements24-h at laying house exhaust

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/m

3 TEOM ATEOM B

`

Lights on

Lights off

Anticipatory Feeding

Four Collocated TEOMs in laying house exhaust (4/3/02)

0

400

800

1200

1600

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/m

3 TEOM ATEOM BTEOM CTEOM D

TSP vs. PM10 in Laying House Exhaust Air (5/2/02)

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/

m3 TSP A

PM10 B

TSP C

Collocated PM2.5, PM10, TSP at laying house

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/m

3

TSP

PM10

PM2.5

Effect of Filter Loading

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/m

3 New filterLoaded filter

Humidity Effect

Lagoon

Tunnel-ventilated finishing houses

with flushing

Oil sprinkledbuilding

Oil Sprinkling

Oil pressure

TSP Measurements in Two Swine Barns (11/08/02)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/m

3

Amb

Barn B

Barn A

Effect of Pig Activity on TSP

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Con

cent

ratio

n,

g/

m3

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Activ

ity, V

TSP

Activity

Nine shrouded vanes installed at laying house

Open vane (cheaper)

50% variations with static pressure!

UIUC test of anemometer

Calibration atUIUC BESS Lab

Open impeller vane anemometer

Open propeller

Small Vane Anemometer Readings vs. Building Static Pressure

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0

Time of day, h

Ven

tilat

ion

rate

, m3/s

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

dP, p

a

Fan 3

dP

Summary First measurements of TSP, PM10 and

PM2.5 in livestock buildings in U.S. have been conducted.

QAQC is critical to TEOM success. Moisture is adsorbed and desorbed Oil sprinkling reduces PM Real-time concentrations correlated to

animal activity Anemometers provide real-time airflow

data.

Check out www.AgAirQuality.com

Questions?