quality function deployment -...

26
Richard S. Cowan, Ph.D., P.E. Christopher Saldana, Ph.D. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia USA Quality Function Deployment Functions (Actions)

Upload: others

Post on 12-May-2020

24 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

R i c h a r d S . C o w a n , P h . D. , P. E . C h r i s t o p h e r S a l d a n a , P h . D.W o o d r u f f S c h o o l o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n gG e o r g i a I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g yA t l a n t a , G e o r g i a U S A

Quality Function DeploymentFunctions (Actions)

Page 2: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

2

Specifications: Performance/engineering requirements that product must meet or exceed.

Specifications sheet:• Indicates changes to engineering requirements• Indicates importance of the engineering requirement (demand or wish)• Provides a quantifiable requirement (unit and value, or standard)• Assigns responsibility• Provides source justification (standard, calculation, report, survey, etc.)

Connection to HOQ / QFD

Specification List2

Page 3: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

3

Specification List3

Issued: Specification

for:

Page 1 Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source

Replaces issue of

D = Demand W = Wish

Page 4: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

4

House Of House Of House Of House Of House OfQuality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4

What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How

Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production

Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed ThermometerSmells Good Smell Jury Bean’s Origin Heater Output Flow ControlTastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time TimerCheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning PlanGood Color Color Std. Fineness Of

Ground.Grind Setting Disposal Plan

(Raw, Brewed)Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water SourceNo Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality

Time To ServingReinitialize (Renew Filter, Grounds)

Entries in Houses of Quality From QFD Deployment are Sources Of Specifications

Coffee Example4

Page 5: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

5

Issued:Specification

For: CUP OF COFFEE Page 1

Changes D/W Requirements Resp. SourceCup Of Coffee

EnergyHot

MaterialGood ColorNon-PoisonousNo Grounds

SafetyNon-Poisonous

SignalsGood ColorSmells GoodTastes Good

CostsCheap

Quality ControlGood ColorSmells GoodTastes Good

1st HoQ WHATs fromclass

“““

“““

“““

Replaces Issue Of

Coffee Specifications #1: “What?” 5

Page 6: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

6

1. Geometry• Size, height, breadth, length, diameter, space requirement, number, arrangement,

connection extension2. Kinematics

• Type of motion, direction of motion, velocity, acceleration3. Forces

• Direction of force, magnitude of force, frequency, weight, load, deformation, stiffness, elasticity, stability, resonance

4. Energy• Output, efficiency, loss, friction, ventilation, state, pressure, temperature, heating,

cooling, supply, storage, capacity, conversion

Specification Listing6

Page 7: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

7

5. Material• Physical and chemical properties of the initial and final product, auxiliary material, prescribed

materials (food regulations, etc.)

6. Signals• Inputs and outputs, five senses, form, display, control equipment

7. Safety• Direct safety principles, protective systems, operational, operator and environmental safety

8. Ergonomics• Person-machine relationship, type of operation, cleanliness of layout, lighting, aesthetics

9. Production• Factory limitations, maximum possible dimensions, preferred production methods, means of

production, achievable quality and tolerance

Specification Listing7

Page 8: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

8

10. Quality control• Possibilities of testing and measuring, application of special regulations and

standards11. Assembly

• Special regulations, installation, siting, foundations12. Transport

• Limitations due to lifting gear, clearance, means of transport (height and weight), nature and conditions of dispatch

13. Operation• Quietness, wear, special uses, marketing area, destination (e.g., atmosphere, tropics)

Specification Listing8

Page 9: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

9

14. Maintenance• Servicing intervals (if any), inspection, exchange and repair, painting, cleaning

15. Recycling• Reuse, reprocessing, waste disposal, storage

16. Costs• Maximum permissible manufacturing costs, cost of tooling, investment and

depreciation, market price17. Schedules

• End date of development, project planning and control, delivery date

Specification Listing9

Page 10: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

10

Next Level Of Detail In Specs...10

House Of House Of House Of House Of House OfQuality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4

What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How

Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production

Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed ThermometerSmells Good Smell Jury Bean’s Origin Heater Output Flow ControlTastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time TimerCheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning PlanGood Color Color Std. Fineness Of

Ground.Grind Setting Disposal Plan

(Raw, Brewed)Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water SourceNo Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality

Time To ServingReinitialize (Renew Filter,Grounds)

Page 11: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

11

Issued:Specification

for: Cup Of Coffee Page 1

Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source

10/3/9510/3/95

10/3/95

10/3/95

10/3/95

Cup Of Coffee

Energy:Serving Temperature

Material:Color StdNon-PoisonousBrewed Coffee Should Yield Minimum Coffee

Grounds When FilteredSafety:

Non-PoisonousSignals:

Color StdSmells JuryTaste Jury

Costs:Minimize Price

Quality Control:Color StdSmells JuryTaste Jury

1st HoQ from class

NIST STDFDA1st HoQ from class

FDA

NIST STD1st HoQ from class

1st HoQ from class

NIST STD1st HoQ from class

Replaces issue of

Coffee Specifications #2: “How?”

Page 12: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

12

House Of House Of House Of House Of House OfQuality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4

What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How

Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production

Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed ThermometerSmells Good Smell Jury Bean’s Origin Heater Output Flow ControlTastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time TimerCheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning PlanGood Color Color Std. Fineness Of

Ground.Grind Setting Disposal Plan

(Raw, Brewed)Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water SourceNo Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality

TIME TOSERVINGREINITIALIZE (RENEWFILTER, GROUNDS)

Continue with Next Level of Detail in Specs12

Page 13: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

13

Coffee Specifications #3: “How Much?”

Page 14: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

14

Task Clarification Conceptual Design

Function TreeA tool for describing what a system should do (objectives) in a solution-neutral

fashion; Used for generating ideas and documenting existing ideas for search.

Morphological Matrix/ChartA tool for systematically generating multiple solutions to each planned function

of a system; used for mapping out a design space to explore.

Both of these tools use functional decomposition.

Page 15: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

15

Functional Decomposition (Action)

describes a desired system (e.g., product) in terms of functions* and sub-functions for both documentation and concept generation.

*Functions: actions or services that are performed.

Page 16: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

16

Guidelines for Functional Modeling

Consider what’s being done, not how• Draw a box• Identify a verb• Identify a noun(s) on which the verb acts

Follow flows of Energy, Material, and Information/signals. Break the function down as finely as needed• Fine enough to address customer needs• Fine enough for a single basic solution principle to satisfy each sub-function.

Page 17: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

17

Define overall functionIdentify system boundariesIdentify flows of Energy (E), Material (M), and Information (I)Identify interfacing objects that exchange E, M, or I

Black Box Models

EMI

Page 18: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

18

Function Block Diagram

Page 19: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

19

Test Specimen (Force

Deformation)

E load

(M) Specimen

E deformation

(M) Specimen deformed

I force

I deformationI

Change energy into

force & movement

Measure force

Measure deformation

Load specimen

I F

I ∆

E load

I

Specimen E deformation

Specimen deformed

Function Block DiagramExample 1: Material Testing Machine

Page 20: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

20

Change energy into

force & movement

Measure force

Measure deformation

Load specimen

I F

I ∆

E load

I

SpecimenE deformation

Specimen deformed

Hold specimen

Adjust energy flow

Compare target with actual

values

Amplify measurements

E auxil.

I F target

I ∆ target

E loss

Function Block DiagramExample 1: Material Testing Machine

Page 21: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

21Courtesy: Kristin Wood

Function Block DiagramExample 2: Hot air Popcorn Popper

Page 22: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

22Courtesy: Kristin Wood

FUNCTION DIAGRAM

Page 23: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

23

Functional Variants

Shape DoughShaped Dough

ElossDoughAdditives

I

E

1 2 3 54 6

7

1 2 3+4 5 6

7

Feed in1

Prepare2

Dispense3

Shape4

Separate5

Feed Out6

Return7

Dough ShapedDough

Waste Waste WasteAdditives

1 2 3+4+5 6

7

1 2+3 4+5 6

7

Overall function and function structure variants of a dough-shaping machine for the manufacture of biscuits (with respect of the main flow only)

Example 3: Dough Shaping Machine

Page 24: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

24

Function Tree

Function

SF1 SF2 SF3

SF11 SF12 SF13 SF21 SF22 SF23 SF31 SF32 SF33

Page 25: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

25

Page 26: Quality Function Deployment - 2110.me.gatech.edu2110.me.gatech.edu/.../lecture_4_qfd_functions_summer_me2110.pdf · Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4. What. How

26

Elements• List critical functions and sub-functions.• Sub-branches from a function or sub-function must

number 2 or greater.• Do not specify specifications that are dependent on a

design decision.

Describing this figure in text• Describe the contents, not the tool itself!• What are critical functions?

Summary – Function Tree

See Ch. 3 in book for detail