Quality Issues on LS Marine Fuels

DNV Petroleum Services Greece

Bill Stamatopoulos, Sales Manager

10 May 2007

Version Slide 218 June 2007

DNV – an independent foundation

Objective: To “Safeguard life, property, and the environment”

Established in 1864 in Norway

Version Slide 318 June 2007

Environmental Management

Version Slide 418 June 2007

MARPOL sample

DNVPS samples taken at ship manifold: 97%.

DNVPS samples taken with drip sampler: 94%.

Number of DNVPS samples signed by supplier: 90%.

MARPOL sample provided: 80%

Some cases of pre-prepared samples.

Arguments for non-compliance:

-Safety of barge crew.

-Insurance coverage.

-Truck deliveries.

-Inadequate bunker manifold arr.

Version Slide 518 June 2007

Refining options

To increase LSFO output:

Use naturally occurring LS crude oils

Residue desulphurisation

Blending of FOs of different origin to meet spec.

Re-direct/blend inland grade fuel to the marine

fuel market

Repositioning existing LS supplies to SECAs.

LS HFOs

Version Slide 618 June 2007

Sulphur levels

Average WW

sulphur level:

2.55%

Version Slide 718 June 2007

Sulphur levels

Version Slide 818 June 2007

Mediterranean & Black Sea 2006

Country S >1.50 S > 4.50 BDN < = 1.50

S tested > 1.50

CYPRUS 169 7

EGYPT 117 1

FRANCE 573 36

GIBRALTAR 1346 15

GREECE 784 5

ISRAEL 95 9

ITALY 1558 5 3

MALTA 440 7

RUS. FEDERATION 414 42

SPAIN 2082 14

TURKEY 962 11

UKRAINE 162 19

Version Slide 918 June 2007

Mediterranean & Black Sea 01 Jan to 15 Mar 2007

Country S >1.50 S > 4.50 BDN < = 1.50

S tested > 1.50

CYPRUS 31 1

EGYPT 29 -

FRANCE 65 9

GIBRALTAR 278 1

GREECE 153 -

ISRAEL 17 3

ITALY 255 3

MALTA 71 -

RUS. FEDERATION 97 6

SPAIN 404 2

TURKEY 171 -

UKRAINE 37 3

Version Slide 1018 June 2007

DNVPS Statistics – World Avg. HFO Quality

Year 2001

Dens. @

15˚C977.6

Visc @

50 ˚C281

MCR 12.6

Sulphur 2.67

V 106

Al+Si 17

CCAI 842

2003

978.9

287

12.6

2.68

102

19

843

2005

980.2

297

12.8

2.69

106

19

844

2006-2007

980.5

302

12.7

2.55

99

21

844

Version Slide 1118 June 2007

LSHFO – Quality

Stability and compatibility

Catfines (Al+Si)

Ignition and combustion

Others

Version Slide 1218 June 2007

More blending components = increased

risk of unstable and/or dirty fuels.

Fuels blended to stability limit = increased

the risk of incompatibility in case of

blending onboard (e.g. LSFO change-

over).

A number of ships have experienced

sludging problems due to instability,

incompatibility or “dirty” LSFO’s.

High Sediment Bunker Alerts in 2006 have

been related to LSFO.

LSHFO – Quality

Version Slide 1318 June 2007

DNVPS Statistics – World Avg. HFO Quality

Year 2006-

2007“380”

Dens. @ 15˚C 982.3

Visc @ 50 ˚C 329

MCR 13.0

Sulphur 2.58

V 102

Al+Si 21

CCAI 845

“180”

972.3

170

11.1

2.30

79

20

842

“LS380”BDN ≤ 1.50

976.0

327

11.5

1.32

68

23

839

“LS180” BDN ≤ 1.50

966.0

171

9.5

1.25

51

23

836

Version Slide 1418 June 2007

RIGA – LSFO vs. HSFO

One Supplier - Riga

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

04-

Apr-

07

04-

Apr-

07

27-

Mar-

07

27-

Mar-

07

17-

Mar-

07

17-

Mar-

07

13-

Mar-

07

11-

Mar-

07

09-

Mar-

07

21-

Feb-

07

19-

Feb-

07

16-

Feb-

07

13-

Feb-

07

11-

Feb-

07

05-

Feb-

07

01-

Feb-

07

29-

Jan-

07

23-

Jan-

07

Bunkering date

Mg

/Kg

Al+

Si

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

% S

ulp

hu

r

Al+Si (mg/kg)

Sulphur content

Version Slide 1518 June 2007

RIGA – LSFO vs. HSFO

Parameters

(Average results)

Sulphur > 1.50%

HSFO

Sulphur < 1.50%

LSFO

Density (kg/m3) 980.5 986.4

Viscosity (mm2/s) 239 87

MCR (%m/m) 10.7 7.9

Sulphur (%m/m) 2.11 1.46

Vanadium (mg/kg) 116 68

Sodium (mg/kg) 30 17

Calcium (mg/kg) 3 13

Potassium (mg/kg) 1 11

Al + Si 18 66

CCAI 847 864

based on previous chart

Version Slide 1618 June 2007

Examples of Al+Si levels increase with decreasing sulphur levels.

High Al+Si Bunker Alerts in 2006 have been related to LSFO.

LSHFO – Quality

Version Slide 1718 June 2007

Bad fuel oil, consequences....

50x 250x 1000x

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LSHFO – Quality

Version Slide 1918 June 2007

Bad fuel oil, consequences....

Exhaust valve -

Poor combustion

Version Slide 2018 June 2007

Others:

- Polymers.

- Increasing Pour Point.

- Used Lube Oils (Ca, Zn, P).

LSHFO – Quality

Version Slide 2118 June 2007

THANK YOU FOR

YOUR KIND ATTENTION

For any further information please do not hesitate to contact us at: pir.vps@dnv.com

mailto:pir.vps@dnv.com