Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Nicolás E. Ortiz Hernández42301394

Dr. Rajan Shankaran

OUTLINEQuality of service for wireless Ad Hoc

Sensor Networks

•Abstract •Introduction to Wireless sensor networks•Wireless sensor networks Benefits•Application of wireless sensor networks•Quality of Service•Proposed models•Framework Developed•Conclusions

Abstract

Due to the rapid development in miniaturization related technology, ad

hoc sensor networks have become one of the most popular wireless

networks. With potential applications that include environmental

monitoring, industrial control, battlefield surveillance and

reconnaissance, home automation and security, health monitoring, and

asset tracking. The problem lies in the support of Quality of Service

(QoS) in WSNs.  There is a lack of information regarding to this research

field. This is essentially because WSNs differs from acknowledged

networks. To such degree, that there is not a proper landing to define

the services of WSNs and develop adequate approaches for QoS support

in WSNs.

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor networks

Infrastructure less network composed of small sensor nodes that

communicate with each other in a wireless environment and are

monitored by a base station. These nodes gather information for

different smart environments and communicate with the base station

which acts as a gateway to connect other networks.

Base Stations

Sensor nodes

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor networks - Benefits

Scalable and efficient

Low Cost to purchase and install

Self configuration and self

organising

No real maintenance

Software programmable

customisation

Fast data acquirement

Base Stations

Sensor nodes

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Military applications:

Application of wireless sensor networks

Territory reconnaissance

Surveillance

Control and report status of the equipment

Environmental applications: Fire detection

Wildlife monitoring

Agriculture

Natural Disasters

Industrial applications:

Machine diagnosis

check the final product

inventory control

Health applications:

Real-time tracking behavior of human body process or organs after a surgery

Monitor patient with special diseases

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

The capability of a network to provide better service to selected network

traffic over various technologies. The primary goal of QoS is to provide

priority including dedicated bandwidth, controlled jitter and latency

required by some real-time and interactive traffic, and improved loss

characteristics.

Quality of Service

1

1 http://cisco.com/Internetworking_Technology_Handbook#Quality_of_Service_Networking

Low throughput

Errors

Dropped Packets

Latency

Jitter

Out-of-sequence packets delivery

Quality of Services Factors

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Benefits

Control over network resources adapting, transforming and concentrate it in an specific required task.

Ensures that time-sensitive and mission-critical applications have the resources required, permitting other applications access to the network.

Improves user experience.

The efficient administration of the network resources reduces costs by delaying the upgrading and the need of expansion.

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

There are two architectures that guaranteed Quality of Services in traditional wired and wireless IP networks.

QoS mechanisms for traditional wired and wireless networks

Intserv: Guarantee QoS from end to end. Is based on flow specs resource reservation and (RSVP) Resource reservation Protocol.

Diffserv: Guarantee QoS by classifying and managing the network traffic

Traditional mechanisms does not satisfy the requirements of QoS in

wireless sensor networks

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

QoS in wireless sensor networks face other obstacles different from traditional networks.

Barriers

Power: Most critical constraint -> power consumption of the sensor nodes.

Bandwidth: lack of bandwidth - > is an important issue in any network.

Memory Size: Size of the memory is limited in the sensor nodes.

Standardization: Lack of standardization in WSN make difficult implement QoS solutions

Lifetime: WS nodes life is limited. -> power constraints. Fixed power sources.

Density: Redundancy. But it adds overhead and power consumption

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Scheme 1: Quality of Service measures on the transport layer for WSNs.

Wang, Sohraby, and Li suggests that the transport layer is an ideal

place for placing schemes for enhancing energy-efficiency, QoS and

reliability .

Congestion Detection and Avoidance (CODA) - > Congestion control

Pump Slowly Fetch Quickly (PSFQ) -> Transport Reliability

Proposed by: Chonggang Wang, Bo Li, Kazem Sohraby

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Scheme 2: Quality of Service in Wireless sensor networks

The author suggest the implementation of QoS at each layer of the WSNs protocol stack focusing on the deployment of QoS protocols in the transport layer.

Sensor-to-Sink

Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport (ESRT): Reliability and congestion control.

Reliable Multi-Segment Transport (RMST): Guarantee delivery and transport reliability.

Sink-to-Sensor

Pump Slow Fetch Quickly: Transport reliability.

Proposed by: Aniss Zakaria

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Scheme 3: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a Survey

The authors suggest the implementation of QoS in the network layer of the WSNs protocol stack.

Sequential Assignment Routing (SAR): Energy save, packets prioritize.

SPEED: end-to-end guarantees.

Proposed by: Al-Karaki, Jamal & Kamal, Ahmed

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Development of QoS framework for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks

A cooperative combination of settings and protocols along the protocol stack is required.

Correct settings

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

Check Equipment

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Fidelity: Settings of the applications software the manage the sensor network topology and the nodes.

Update: Keep fresh the results with real time information.

Mode: Delivery data mode is setup according to the environment requirements.

Query processing: Data send to base must be aggregated.

Coverage: Optimal coverage of areas improves sensor network connectivity.

Application Layer

Correct settings

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Reliable data delivery service:Event-to-sink Reliable Transport (ESRT)

Reliable Multi-Segment Transport

Flow and congestion control mechanisms

Pump Slow, Fetch Quickly (PSFQ)

Transport Layer

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Sequential Assignment Routing (SAR) :

SPEED

Network Layer

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Quality-of-Service specific Retrieval (QUIRE)

Optimizes the network performance.

Energy-efficiency -> Highly important for ensuring QoS on WSNs.

Data Link Layer

QoS Protocols for WSNs.

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Double check the devices.

Test the sensor nodes.

Test the communication with the sink.

Test the power source of the nodes.

Physical Layer

Check Equipment

Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

The current models proposed come from traditional networks approach. Think out the box to design new and efficient protocols and schemes, that support QoS services for wireless sensor networks.

  The lack of standardization is a barrier for the development of these models.

Provide QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks cannot be encapsulated in a single layer. Design a robust QoS model must take into consideration different factors that need to be spread across all the layers of the protocol stack.

  

Conclusion