quality pioneers

QUALITY PIONEERS

Ignaz Semmelweis1818 - 1865• Hungarian physician

in Vienna, Austria

Year Births DeathsPhysician

Mortality Rate Births DeathsMidwife

Mortality Rate1841 3,036 237 7.8% 2,442 86 3.5%1842 3,287 518 15.8% 2,659 202 7.6%1843 3,060 274 9.0% 2,739 164 6.0%1844 3,157 260 8.2% 2,956 68 2.3%1845 3,492 241 6.9% 3,241 66 2.0%1846 4,010 459 11.4% 3,754 105 2.8%Total 20,042 1,989 9.9% 17,791 691 3.9%

Physician Clinic Midwife Clinic

http://semmelweis.org/about/dr-semmelweis-biography/

Ignaz Semmelweis1818 - 1865• Hungarian physician

in Vienna, Austria

http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/13/3/233.full

Year Births DeathsPhysician

Mortality Rate Births DeathsMidwife

Mortality Rate1841 3,036 237 7.8% 2,442 86 3.5%1842 3,287 518 15.8% 2,659 202 7.6%1843 3,060 274 9.0% 2,739 164 6.0%1844 3,157 260 8.2% 2,956 68 2.3%1845 3,492 241 6.9% 3,241 66 2.0%1846 4,010 459 11.4% 3,754 105 2.8%Total 20,042 1,989 9.9% 17,791 691 3.9%

Physician Clinic Midwife Clinic

PhysicianMortality

Rate

MidwifeMortality

RateMean 0.0985 0.0404Variance 0.0011 0.0005Observations 6 6Pooled Variance 0.0008Hypothesized Mean Difference 0df 10t Stat 3.5797P(T<=t) one-tail 0.0025t Critical one-tail 1.8125P(T<=t) two-tail 0.0050t Critical two-tail 2.2281

Florence Nightingale1820 - 1910

• “The Lady with the Lamp”

• Nightingale's 'Coxcombs‘

http://understandinguncertainty.org/coxcombs

http://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539

Florence Nightingale1820 - 1910

• Hear her voice:“When I am no longer even a memory, just a name, I hope my voice may perpetuate the great work of my life. God bless my dear old comrades of Balaclava and bring them safe to shore. Florence Nightingale.

• Country Joe McDonald’s Tribute to Florence Nightingale

http://www.countryjoe.com/nightingale/

http://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539

Abraham Flexner1866 - 1959

• Institute for Advanced Study

• The Flexner Report - Medical Education in the United States and Canada (1910)• Download the Report

Source: Regis, E. (1987). Who Got Einstein’s Office. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing.

http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/sites/default/files/elibrary/Carnegie_Flexner_Report.pdf

http://www.ias.edu/people/flexner

Ernest Codman1869 - 1940

• 1895 Graduate of Harvard Medical School

• The End Results Hospital

• Halifax Harbor Disaster

• Practice Post-WWI

• Quality Legacy

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2758958/

http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/11/1/104.full

Quality Pioneers

• Walter Shewhart• W. Edwards Deming • J. M. Juran• Philip B. Crosby• Koaru Ishikawa• Other Quality Gurus

http://www.bizmanualz.com/blog/top-ten/top-ten-quality-gurus.html


Walter Shewhart

• Father of Statistical Quality Controlhttp://www.asq.org/join/about/history/shewhart.html

• PDCA Cyclehttp://www.hci.com.au/hcisite2/toolkit/pdcacycl.htm

http://www.asq.org/join/about/history/shewhart.html

http://www.hci.com.au/hcisite2/toolkit/pdcacycl.htm

W. Edwards Deming

• 14 Key Principles– Constancy of Purpose– Innovation Prized– Emphasis on Statistical Sampling– Top Management Commitment

• 7 Deadly Sins

Source: Sahney et al. “Quality Improvement Process: The Foundation for Excellence in Health Care.” Journal of the Society for Health Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989.

http://www.deming.org/



http://members.tripod.com/onurbaser/TQM/about.html

J. M. Juran

• “Fitness for Use”– Quality as Defined by the Customer

• The Quality Trilogy– Planning– Control– Improvement

• The 10 Step Process


http://asq.org/about-asq/who-we-are/bio_juran.html

Philip B. Crosby

• The Art of Hassle Free Management– Management must create the appropriate

environment– What popular social icon

disputes this as the statusquo?

• Dilbert http://www.philipcrosby.com/25years/crosby.html


http://www.dilbert.com/strips/

http://www.philipcrosby.com/25years/crosby.html

Philip B. Crosby

• Quality =– “Conformance to Requirements” in order to

prevent errors

• Ultimate Goal = “Zero Defects”


Philip B. Crosby

• Best Measure = Cost– Price of Nonconformance– Price of Conformance

• The 14 Step Process– Key Point: Management must be committed to

quality and share this commitment with employees


Differences Between The Philosophies

• Defining Requirements for Quality– Crosby & Juran: The Provider

– Deming: The Customer



• Costs– Crosby & Juran: Standardize the Cost Definition,

Then Monitor

– Deming: Emphasize the Process Definition, Examine Variations



• Role of Authority– Crosby and Deming: Project Improvement Teams

Determine “Bottom-Up” Selection of Areas to Focus on Quality

– Juran: Top Down Selection of Teams and Projects



• Orientation

– Crosby: Motivation/Culture Change

– Deming and Juran: Use of Statistics


Common Concepts

• Top Management Leadership– Must Drive the Process

• Corporate Framework for Quality– Quality Must Be Incorporated Into Mission and

Value Statements– Quality Must Become An Organizational Routine


Common Concepts

• Transformation of Current Culture– Why Is This Important?

• Quality Education and Training– Necessary At All Levels– Needed For Employee Orientations And Periodic

Training– Must Incorporate CQI Tools


Common Concepts

• Continuous Improvement in Quality

– New Products And Features

– Reduced Costs To Maintain Same Quality


Common Concepts

• Role of the Customer– Customer’s Requirements Must Be Identified– Customer’s Satisfaction Must Be Measured And

Monitored– Complaint Management Systems Must Be Developed


Common Concepts

• Focus on System Improvement– Study Process Variations– Identify Causes of Error

• Measurement and Experimentation– Employ CQI Tools

• Pareto Chart/Rule• Control Chart• “Fishbone Diagram”


Common Concepts

• Quality Management Process– Must Be Integral to Day-to-Day Operations

• Recognition and Communication


Kaoru Ishikawa

• Quality Circles

• The Ishikawa (“Fishbone”) Diagram

http://asq.org/about-asq/who-we-are/bio_ishikawa.html

http://www.creatingtalent.com/Articles/Ishikawa_Fishbone_Diagram.jpg

OTHER QUALITY GURUS



QUALITY PIONEERS

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