qualnet faq’s - ncs-in.com queries.pdf · getting an error like “assertion: assertion...

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QualNet FAQ’s 1. When compiling QualNet I get a “windows.h missing error”. Reason: This is mainly due to copying the incompatible version of VC++ into the Make file. Solution: For a PC running Windows XP: Copy the “Makefile-windows-vc8” to Make file For a PC running Windows 7: Copy the “Makefile-windows-vc9” to Make file. 2. Human in the loop function is not working on QualNet 5.2. Reason: This is a known issue. Solution: There is a patch provided by SNT as a fix for the issue. Guide the client to paste the files in main folder and recompile QualNet. 3. How can I run the same scenario with the same settings on different machines? Solution: In order to use the same scenario on multiple systems we have to save the scenario as portable. File-> Save As Portable. 4. What if I get an invalid or inconsistent license key [FLEX net Licensing error: -8,544] or host error and cannot run QualNet / Exata? Solution: Please refer the below link for possible solutions: http://www.scalable-networks.com/snt- support/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=19&nav=0,4 5. For licensing issues please refer the below Hyperlink : Solution: Please refer the below link for possible solutions:http://www.scalable-networks.com/snt- support/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=view&parentcategoryid=4&pcid=0&nav=0

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Page 1: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

QualNet FAQ’s

1. When compiling QualNet I get a “windows.h missing error”.

Reason: This is mainly due to copying the incompatible version of VC++ into the Make file.

Solution:

For a PC running Windows XP:

Copy the “Makefile-windows-vc8” to Make file

For a PC running Windows 7:

Copy the “Makefile-windows-vc9” to Make file.

2. Human in the loop function is not working on QualNet 5.2.

Reason: This is a known issue.

Solution:

There is a patch provided by SNT as a fix for the issue. Guide the client to paste the files in main

folder and recompile QualNet.

3. How can I run the same scenario with the same settings on different machines?

Solution:

In order to use the same scenario on multiple systems we have to save the scenario as portable.

File-> Save As Portable.

4. What if I get an invalid or inconsistent license key [FLEX net Licensing error: -8,544] or host

error and cannot run QualNet / Exata?

Solution:

Please refer the below link for possible solutions:

http://www.scalable-networks.com/snt-

support/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=19&nav=0,4

5. For licensing issues please refer the below Hyperlink :

Solution:

Please refer the below link for possible solutions:http://www.scalable-networks.com/snt-

support/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=view&parentcategoryid=4&pcid=0&nav=0

Page 2: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

6. QualNet GUI crashes frequently.

Reason: The cause may be multiple:

Display Driver not updated on the PC.

Installation of VC++ 2005 or VC++ 2008 redistributable during installation of QualNet

would not have been proper.

Firewall on the PC maybe blocking the executable.

Solution:

Inform the user to update the display drivers.

Go to Control Panel and uninstall the VC++ (2005/2008) Redistributable package.

Re-install the VC++ 2005 Redistributable present in :

For QualNet 5.0.2: C:\snt\qualnet\5.0\MS2005Patch

For QualNet 5.2: C:\snt\qualnet\5.2\installers

Disable Firewall and add QualNetGUI.exe in the white list of programs that can pass through Firewall.

7. "QualNet executable file not found. Compile QualNet and restart GUI".

Reason: when the compilation is not done successfully we will get this error. We cannot open

QualNet GUI

Solution: You need to recompile the QualNet and Restart GUI.

8. Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay <=) failed in file

..\libraries\cellular\src\mac_gsm.cpp:362<br>GSM_MAC: Message size is greater than allowed

duration<br><br>” while creating a GSM Scenario with more 7 Base Stations

Reason: To execute a scenario with more than 7 BS, change the value of macro

“GSM_MAX_BS_PER_MSC” in cellular_gsm.h. No change in any other macro required.

Solution:

Please note that this change in .h code file needs re-build using command "nmake clean all".

While configuring the scenario make sure that a BS must not have more than six neighbors, as in

a cellular network each cell is surrounded by 6 neighboring cells.

Page 3: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

9. NMAKE: fatal error U1073: don't know how to

make...\libraries\wireless\src\phy_mypathloss.obj' Stop.

NMAKE: fatal error U1077: '"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio

9.0\VC\bin\nmake.EXE"' : return code '0x2' Stop.

Reason: If we use unsupported version of Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler. We will get

this error while compiling QualNet.

Solution: We need to use supported version of Microsoft Visual C++ compiler.

10. Not able to use IPNE feature with QualNet 5.0 and higher versions

Reason: QualNet 5.0 and higher versions does not support IPNE Feature

Solution: We encourage all of our users to upgrade to EXata in order to use IPNE Feature

11. Where do I download Visual Studio 2005 Express and the Windows Server 2003 R2 Platform

SDK from?

Solution:

Use the following link to download Visual Studio 2005 Express:

http://www.microsoft.com/express/2005/download/default.aspx#

Please note that if required Visual Studio 2005 can be installed on Vista (Vista is not an officially

supported platform, however it has been known to work fine.). It needs to be

updated to SP1 and then a further update for Vista. The link above highlights the steps to

do this.

12. How to dynamically switch channels?

Solution:

If you need to dynamically switch channels, please note the following:

Ensure that you have PHY-LISTENABLE-CHANNEL-MASK correctly defined. This specifies

the channels that a node is able to listen to. This parameter is static throughout the simulation

duration. On the other hand, PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK specifies the channels that a

node is listening to at startup. A node can change the channels that it is currently listening to,

during the course of the simulation.

You need to follow the following steps to dynamically switch channels during simulation:

Page 4: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

1. Create multiple channels in .config file.

2. Set "PHY-LISTENABLE-CHANNEL-MASK"

"PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK" in .config file.

3. For a particular channel, first check is the channel already in listening

mode or not by the function "PHY_IsListeningToChannel".

4. If that channel is already in listening mode then call the function

"PHY_StopListeningToChannel" to stop listening current channel.

5. Call the function "PHY_StartListeningToChannel" to set a new channel

in listening mode, by providing new channel index.

Please note the number of digits in the mask must match the number of defined channels. Any

channels specified as "1" in PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK must also be specified as "1"

in the PHY-LISTENABLE-CHANNEL-MASK parameter.

GUI Based Queries:

13. How can I run simulations faster in Animator?

Solution:

To speed up Animator, turn off all animation (Animation Filters) or run in batch

Mode (Experiment menu).

14. Why is the same parameter present in multiple configuration levels/locations in the GUI?

Solution:

In QualNet the configuration can be defined on various levels listed below:

a) Global level: Example- ConfigSetting->General->wireless setting->radio type

b) Node level: Example -(Hierarchy->Nodes->host->Node configuration->radio/physical layer-

>radio type

c) Subnet level: Example -Hierarchy->Nodes->Wireless Subnet-> Wireless Subnet properties-

>radio type

d) Interface level: Example - Hierarchy->Nodes->host->interface->interface configuration-

>radio/physical layer->radio type

You can configure parameters on any of these levels according to your requirement.

Parameter set at the global level will apply to entire scenario (all nodes, subnets and interfaces)

unless it over-written at level closer to the node/interface. The priority of Interface level is highest

and Global level is lowest for an interface.

Page 5: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

15. Unable to start 3D Visualizer - Application failed to start

Solution:

If you are unable to launch the 3D Visualizer and are getting an error message "Application failed

to start because application configuration is incorrect", the issue is likely to be caused due to

missing DLLs. To rectify the issue, please install Visual Studio Service pack. QualNet v4.5 3D

visualizer requires Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86) version

8.0.50727.762. If this is not installed, please download this redistribution from location

“http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=200B2FD9-AE1A-4A14-984D-

389C36F85647&displaylang=en”, install it on your system and run 3D Visualizer again.

Another solution can be to try opening "3dvisualizer.exe" in dependency walker. The dependency

walker is a tool bundled as part of Microsoft Platform SDK. This tool lists all DLLs required by

the program and reports any missing DLLs. To run this tool, please click on "Start ->All Programs

-> Microsoft Platform SDK -> Tools -> Depends". Copy any missing DLLs at

"$QUALNET_HOME\bin" and ignore the error regarding DWMAPI.dll

16. How do I specify icons for nodes?

Solution:

The user can specify icons in the config file with "[nodeID] NODE-ICON icon file" or can set

icons for individual nodes in the GUI by selecting the node and editing the node properties.

17. How to resolve the issue of QualNet GUI not loading even though command line works fine?

Solution:

If you are able to run the simulation just fine from command line but GUI is notloading, please

review the information in this article. This article applies to you if the GUI screen comes up with

a white screen that just shows QualNet on Linux machine without any animation. In this case the

simulation shows as running fine and completing in the log section at the bottom of the screen,

however the GUI does not show any animation:

1. Without being able to talk to localhost, the Simulator GUI exhibits the described behavior.

2. We were able to reproduce this issue on a default install of CentOS 5.2. When installing with

IPv6 support, the hosts file only contained the localhost for Ipv6, and lacked the Ipv4 entry of

127.0.0.1.

3. Change the entry for localhost to be “127.0.0.1 localhost”. This enables the Simulator GUI to

show the scenario properly

Command Line Related Queries:

18. How do I specify icons for nodes?

Solution:

The user can specify icons in the config file with "[nodeID] NODE-ICON iconfile" or can set

icons for individual nodes in the GUI by selecting the node and editing the node properties.

Page 6: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

19. How do I set up two channels from the command line?

Solution: Look at bin/default.config. Uncomment the two lines that look like this:

#PROPAGATION-CHANNEL-FREQUENCY[0] 2.4e9 # multi channel example

#PROPAGATION-CHANNEL-FREQUENCY[1] 2.5e9

This creates two channels. You can modify the settings for each channel by using the

[0] or [1] after the PROPAGATION variable names. Place a node into two subnets:

N8-1.0 {1}

N8-2.0 {1}

Set the channel masks for the two subnets.

[N8-1.0] PHY-LISTENABLE-CHANNEL-MASK 01

[N8-1.0] PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK 01

[N8-2.0] PHY-LISTENABLE-CHANNEL-MASK 10

[N8-2.0] PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK 10

Node 1 will have two radios, one listening on each channel.

20. How can I run QualNet from the command line?

Solution:

To execute QualNet at the command-line in Windows, follow the following steps:

Step 1

cd C:\snt\qualnet\5.*\scenarios\default

Step 2

qualnet default.config

21. How can I calculate range of the radio?

Solution:

You can use the radio range (radio_range.exe on Windows) program in the bin subdirectory

to find out the radio range. The radio range is a simple application that provides

the approximateradio range for the first node in the network. It returns the distance that the

radio can reach using the set of parameters in the given configuration file (as a command line

parameter). If the radio parameters are defined for node 1 it uses that otherwise the global

parameters are used for radio range calculation. It assumes that the radio has an omni-

directional antenna and no interference from other transmitters. Terrain effects are also not

considered. The values given by radio range are approximate, since signal reception in

Page 7: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

QualNet incorporates random elements in fading and bit error rate calculation. Please also

note radio range estimates the range only for the first node and for different data rates at the

node. Node specific parameters for the first node would impact radio range calculation while

node specific parameters for other nodes would be ignroed.

Example usage of radio_range.exe:

cd QUALNET_HOME\scenarios\default

radio_range.exe default.config

22. How can I simulate node failure or interface faults?

Solution:

There is a variable called FAULT-CONFIG-FILE that can be used to specify interface

failures at specific times. A link failure can be modeled as an interface fault at each end of the

link. A node failure can be modeled as a failure of all the nodes' interfaces. The rest of the

network will see this node as failed. The node itself, however, will continue operating as if

disconnected from the network.

23. How resolve the error message "Error in file qualnet_error.h:188. The [protocol] model

requires the [library name] library"

Solution:

Error indicates that QualNet cannot find the library. Example error messages include:

Example1: Error in file../include/qualnet_error.h:188 The MAC802.15.4 model requires the

Sensor Networks library

Example2: Error in file .../include/qualnet_error.h:188 The PHY802.16 model requires the

Advanced Wireless library and other similar error messages.

Please ensure you have correctly installed and activated the add-on by reviewing the

following steps:

1. The folder "$QUALNET_HOME\libraries\[library name]" exists on your machine. If it

doesn't exist, the library is not installed on your machine. Please install the library from your

QualNet download page. If you do not have the library on your download page, please

contact [email protected] requesting the same (please provide license support your license

id or attach your license file along with your registered email id)

2. Verify that you have valid license for the library. For purchasing the library license, please

contact our sales department at "[email protected]". You can check this by opening your

*.lic file in a text editor and checking for "FEATURE library-name-". If this string is present

such as in case of Advanced Wireless it would mention FEATURE advanced_wireless-binary

or FEATURE advanced_wireless-full or FEATURE advanced_wireless-standard, you have

support for this library.

Page 8: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

3. Verify that after installing the addon and activating the model library in the "makefile-

addons-windows" file, compilation is done after deletion of all obj files (using "nmake clean"

command).

For more information on installation and activation of addons, please refer to section "2.6

Installing and Activating Addons" of document "QualNet-5.*-InstallationGuide.pdf".

24. In the WFQ scheduler, how do I vary the amount of bandwidth given to different queues in

the scheduler?

Solution:

Users can also specify the queue weight for each of the priority queues (but must then specify

the weight for all of them) by specifying:

QUEUE-WEIGHT[priority]

in the experiment.config file, where value is the desired weight for that priority queue. For

readability, it is recommended that these queue weights be specified in a range between 0..1,

and that the sum of all of the queue weights equal 1. The QUEUE-WEIGHT parameter can

be specified for individual nodes or networks using node-specific and network-specific

parameterization. See the QualNet User's Guide for more details.

25. How do I specify the IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-SIZE parameter for specific queues?

Solution:

Each priority this is a scheduling protocol model in QualNet. queue is allocated space separately, not from a common queue. You can use instance IDs and qualifiers to refer to specific queues. For example, the following variable specifies that the priority 2 queues for node 5 are size 100000, while all other queues are the default size of 50000. IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE 50000 IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE[2] 100000

26. How can I have two or more protocols running at a layer communicating with each other

using something equivalent to IPC?

Solution:

You can use MESSAGE_Send with the same layer, as in timers, except specifying a different

"protocol" for the Message you created. That would allow communication between protocols at the same layer.

Page 9: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

27. How do I assign my own numbering scheme to nodes?

Solution:

This line in the .config controls the number of nodes in QualNet:

SUBNET N16-0 { 1 thru 30 }

This also creates 30 nodes:

SUBNET N16-0 { 101 thru 130 }

However, in this case the nodes are identified by integers from 101 through 130.

This also creates 30 nodes:

SUBNET N16-0 { 2 4 6 8 10 [the-other-even-#'s-here] 60 }

You can put integers from one to about 4 billion (32-bit unsigned int) between the

curly braces. So for this example we'd have:

SUBNET N16-0 { 35212 36012 ... }

28. What is PROPAGATION-LIMIT?

Solution:

The values of PROPAGATION-LIMIT control how precisely QualNet calculates

interference, SINR etc. Signals with power below ROPAGATION-LIMIT (in dB) (before the

antenna gain at the receiver) are not delivered to receiving nodes. Lowering this value would

make the simulation more precise, however it also make the execution time longer.

PROPAGATION-LIMIT must be less than RX-SENSITIVITY + ANTENNA-GAIN.

29. How to Switch Between TCP & UDP?

Solution:

Selecting the Application decides wether TCP or UDP will be used e.g. CBR always uses

UDP and FTP (or FTP/Generic) always uses TCP. However, you can set certain TCP

parameters such as which variant of TCP to use, which will be effective if any Application

based on TCP is specified.

Super-Application support specifying Reliable (TCP) or Unreliable (UDP) transmission for

certain configuration types. In general, user should choose the application based on whether

TCP or UDP is to be used.

Page 10: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

30. How do I modify a protocol to collect a new statistics?

Solution:

First, add a new variable to the protocol data structure. For example, to collect a new metric

for CBR clients, you would modify AppDataCbrClient in applications/cbr.h. Some protocols

have a specific data structure for statistics variables. Second, identify the places in the

protocol code where the relevant metric is modified or affected, and update your statistic

variable. Third, modify your protocol's PrintStats function to print the calculated value at the

end of the simulation. For example, with CBR you would modify AppCbrClientPrintStats in

applications/cbr.cpp.

31. How do I install an add-on library?

Solution:

If you are using an add-on library such as Advanced Wireless, Cellular, Satellite etc, you

would need to install the library and then activate it. For more details on installing and

activating add-on libraries, please refer to section 1.6 of QualNet Installation Guide

(QualNet-5.*-InstallationGuide.pdf) available in QUALNET_HOME\documentation folder.

After installation, please activate the library in the file QUALNET_HOME/main/Makefile-

addons-windows for Windows or in QUALNET_HOME/main/Makefile-addons-unix for

Linux/Solaris/MAC. To activate, remove the # symbol from the library line, for example to

enable Advanced Wireless add-on library, you would need change:

#include ../libraries/advanced_wireless/Makefile-windows

to

include ../libraries/advanced_wireless/Makefile-windows

After doing so, re-compile QualNet to finish the activation process. Without recompilation,

the library will not be enabled.

The activation steps are described in detail in section 1.6.2 and in section 2.6.2 of QualNet

Installation Guide located in QUALNET_HOME\documentation folder.

32. I am getting errors in QualNet private code while writing my own protocol. How do I proceed

further?

Solution:

An assertion in the private code does not necessarily indicate a bug in the private code and is

likely to be caused due to improper memory allocation and handling by modified user

code e.g. array out of bound index operation, wrong packet pointer accessing, double free

operation, etc. Other possible causes include incorrect memory handling, please check that

you free packets/messages after they are received/processed.

If the issue persists, please check if you are able to replicate the error without any custom

code. If so, please send us your complete set of configuration files along with any instructions

Page 11: QualNet FAQ’s - ncs-in.com Queries.pdf · Getting an error like “Assertion: Assertion (transmission Delay

required to replicate the issue. Please note that providing assistance with custom code is

beyond the scope of our support unless professional services are purchased through our sales

department at [email protected]

33. How do I set environment variables for compiling QualNet and resolve error message

"'windows.h - No such file or directory"?

Solution:

If you are getting the following error message on Windows when trying to compile QualNet:

Cannot open include file: 'windows.h': No such file or directory

Please ensure that the "INCLUDE" and "LIB" environment variables are set to their

respective paths within the Windows Platform SDK installation.

For more information on environment variables, please refer "Section 1.4 Setting

Environment Variables" of QualNet Installation Guide.

If the above does not work, try the following on Windows:

1. Goto "Start ->All Programs -> Microsoft Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2 ->

Open Build Environment Window -> Windows Server 2003 32 Bit Build Environment ->

Windows Svr 2003 32 Bit Build Env (Debug).

2. At the prompt, goto C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\bin and execute

VCVars32

3. In the same prompt window, change folder to c:\qualnet\4.5\main and try and re-compiling

QualNet

4. If compilation succeeds, type "set > temp.txt" to get your current environment variables in

temp.txt file. Right click on My Computer and select Properties from the menu. Select the

Advanced tab and click on Environment Variables. Then update the PATH, LIB and

INCLUDE from the values in temp.txt. This would permanently update your environment

variables so next time you do not have to execute vcvars32.

34. How can I get dynamic statistics (statistics over time)?

Solution:

QualNet Animator has the capability of displaying some statistics as they change during the

model execution. To use dynamic statistics, please refer to section "3.2 Dynamic Statistics

Collection" of QualNet User’s Guide (QualNet-4.5-UsersGuide.pdf). The guide is available

in QUALNET_HOME\documentation folder.

Please note that pre-supported dynamic statistics are protocol dependent. If the protocol

models in use in a scenario have existing support for dynamic statistics, the options are

enabled in the GUI in The Dynamic Statistics Wizard. For example you may notice some

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additional dynamic statistics show in the GUI when Wi-MAX base station is used.

35. How do I change the name of the output file from default.stat to something else?

Solution:

Either specify EXPERIMENT-NAME in the configuration file, or add a third parameter to the command line, such as the following: qualnet default.config experiment1.

36. How to resolve 'Illegal Instruction' error message on Linux?

Solution:

If you are getting "Illegal Instruction" error when trying to run QualNet, the likely cause is

that your machine does not support SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extension 2), an optimization for

floating point computation required by QualNet.

To get cpu information use the command "cat /proc/cpuinfo". You will get output similar as

below:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 15

model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz

stepping : 8

cpu MHz : 2995.897

cache size : 4096 KB

fdiv_bug : no

hlt_bug : no

f00f_bug : no

coma_bug : no

fpu : yes

fpu_exception : yes

cpuid level : 10

wp : yes

flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca

cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss nx lm pni ds_cpl

cx16 lahf_lm

bogomips : 5931.00

Then check the "flags" field. There will need to have "sse" and "sse2" there. If "sse2" is not

there, then it means your CPU doesn't support SSE2.

For more information about SSE2, please visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2

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37. I have taking two nodes. Node 1 as FFD Pan coordinator, node 2 as RFD and CBR

connection from node2 to node1. But data is not received. I have upload details of my

scenario. Please check out the problem.

Reason:

1) Distance of the nodes is larger than the radio range. The nodes placed in the scenario are

far away from each other hence they are not able receive signals from each other clearly.

2) In Zigbee model, the maximum size of packets supported 127 bytes.

Solution:

1) Please try after reducing distance between source and destination.

2) You can set the size of CBR packet at around 50-70 bytes to get the appropriate results.

38. I want to increase avg. jitter value and want to keep avg. delay and throughput constant. In

my scenario i have change default setup as below

ip fragmentation unit(bytes)-256 and cbr end time-100s

Reason: Avg. Jitter will depend on Network condition of the scenario. Avg. delay and

throughput network factors are not directly configured using QualNet, as these are totally

network dependent.

Solution:

If you want to increase the Avg. Jitter then you need to create a scenario where the network

conditions will be appropriately tweaked such that the avg. delay and throughput doesn't

changes.

39. In WiMax, how long is one slot time (Physical slot duration)?

Reason: The physical slot duration is different for different 802.16 PHY models. It may be

different for DL and UL.

Solution:

For physical slot duration calculation please refer function "MacDot16PhyGetPsDuration(..)"

defined in file "$QUALNET_HOME\libraries\advanced_wireless-

base\src\mac_dot16_phy.cpp".

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40.1) I have need of partially connected network topology. Because I am working a new protocol.

Which can be implemented on partially connected network but I am not able to create that

type of topology. Please send me configuration and steps to create a partially connected

network.

2) How can we find the mobility of a node in a network?

Solution:

1) For creating scenario refer to section "3.2.1 Scenario Topology" in document

"QUALNET_HOME\documentation\UsersGuide.pdf".

2) Mobility of a node is defined in .node file. For more information refer to section "4.2.6

Mobility Specification" in document "QUALNET_HOME\documentation\UsersGuide.pdf".

41. I have few questions:

1) What is the relation between transmission power and data rate at physical layer with

802.11 a/g radio. When i am using 12 mbps data rate I am getting better packet delivery ratio

and end-to-end delay as compared to 54 mbps with same transmission power and receiver

sensitivity. Please clarify that why this is happening.

2) Why the default values of transmission power is different for 54 mbps (16) and 12 mbps

(19) data rate in 802.11 a/g radio model?

3) How can I calculate the transmission range and carrier sensing range in qualnet and how

they are related to transmission power and receiver sensitivity?

Reason:

1) Transmission range is higher for less data rate.

2) There is no specific reason for the default power setting.

3) Carrier sensing range depends on transmission power of lowest data rate.

Solution:

1) Transmission range for 12 mbps data rate is greater than that of 54 mbps. This is the

reason for better delivery ratio in case of 12 mbps data rate.

2) You can use parameter such as PHY802.11a-TX-POWER-6MBPS to see the

transmission power in dBm for the nodes using 802.11a PHY at 6-Mbps data rate. Please

refer to section 3.1 802.11a/g PHY Model of document

"QUALNET_HOME\documentation\modelLibray\wireless_ModelLibray.pdf " for details.

3) To calculated transmission range, you can use "QUALNET_HOME\bin\radio_range.exe"

utility. For more information on radio_range.exe refer to section "D.1 Radio Range Utility

Program" of document "QUALNET_HOME\documentation\UsersGuide.pdf". Currently no

utility is available for calculating carrier sensing range.

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42. I have changed the IP address in network_ip.cpp but it's not giving me the correct result

basically I want to change the source address in RREP packet so that some forged address

will work as source address in RREP packet. I did this before calling rrep_flood function in

routing aodv.cpp but still it’s not working.

Reason: Changing the source address in RREP packet will not simulate the Blackhole attack

as the source address in RREP packet is the address of the destination node whose route is

requested.

Solution:

You can generate new RREQ packet on receipt of every Route request (RREQ Packet) in API

AodvHandleRequest(..) in file QUALNET_HOME\libraries\wireless\src\routing_aodv.cpp.

The new RREP packet generated by Blackhole node will contain forged details such that the

sender looking for destination will assume that the route exists through the Blackhole node.

43. How to reduce energy wastage in wsn using qualnet

Reason: In QualNet, energy usage in a sensor network scenario can be reduced by

configuring nodes which do not take part in routing as RFDs instead of FFDs.

Solution:

By decreasing the beacon interval (increasing BO) will decrease the number of periodic

wake-up cycles of an RFD and thus power consumption at RFD will be less.

44. Could you explain how bit error rate depend on bandwidth? I can understand when BER

increases the packet would drop more often, but how it is related to the bandwidth?

Reason: BER is dependent on SINR. SINR is dependent on noise. Noise is dependent on

bandwidth.

Solution:

For more information refer to function "Phy802_11CheckRxPacketError(...)" in file

"QUALNET_HOME\libraries\wireless\src\phy_802_11.cpp".

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45. How can I get interface IP address from node id (node->nodeId)?

Reason: This is a known issue.

Solution:

In QualNet, to extract an interface IP address from node id, an API

File:network_ip.cpp::Function:NetworkIpGetInterfaceAddress (Node *node, int

interfaceIndex) can be used.

46. I want to apply fading model to my scenario. For that I applied Rayleigh fading in scenario

properties->channel properties->fading model to Rayleigh. But I am getting error when

running GUI is that PROPAGATION-FADING-GAUSSIAN-COMPONENT is missing.

Please clarify this error.

Reason: After applying fading model, you have to specify "Specify Gaussian Components

File" to "yes" and provide 'Gaussian component file'.

Solution:

To specify Gaussian component file using GUI, refer to section "4.2.7.2 GUI Configuration"

in document “QUALNET_HOME\documentation\UsersGuide.pdf".

For format of Gaussian Component file, refer to section "2.2.2.1 Format of the Gaussian

Components File" in document

"QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries\Wireless-ModelLibrary.pdf". A default

Gaussian component files "default. fading" can be found at location

"QUALNET_HOME\scenarios\default".

47. I have question for WiMAX of Qualnet. One BS has two hundred SS and the scenario that all

SS transmits one packet at the same time was executed by the default parameter. Then,

several SS shortly took 100 seconds to the transmission completion though most SS did the

transmission completion soon.

1. What do you think this result?

2. Would anyone tell me MAC control-procedure of WiMAX? (Access procedure etc...)

Reason: Transmission time is dependent on SS position and network conditions.

Solution:

For more detailed information about WiMax implementation in QualNet v5.0 please refer

document "$QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries\AdvancedWireless-

ModelLibrary.pdf".

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48. I want to know time to have transmitted management message of 802.16 (REG-REQ ... etc)

from MAC Layer. Which function transmits the management message?

Reason:

At the SS please refer function "MacDot16SsCheckOutgoingMsg(..)" defined in file

"$QUALNET_HOME\libraries\advanced_wireless\src\mac_dot16_ss.cpp" to check outgoing

message from SS.

At the BS you may refer functions "MacDot16BsBuildXXX(..)" defined in file

"$QUALNET_HOME\libraries\advanced_wireless\src\mac_dot16_bs.cpp" which schedules

various management messages at BS.

Few examples of such functions are as below:

MacDot16BsBuildRegRspPdu(..), MacDot16BsBuildRepReqPdu(..) ,

MacDot16BsBuildRngRspPdu(..)

A )how i calculate following parameter in qualnet 5.0 1)energy-varience 2) activity

distribution 3)no.of node alive 4)network lifetime 5)ECSDD 6)NRL 7)NML PLS REPLY.

Solution:

1) Energy-Variance can be calculated by using energy and Battery model. For more

information regarding energy-variance, please refer to section "11.1 Battery Models" in file

QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries\Wireless-ModelLibrary.pdf.

3) No of nodes alive - The no of node alive can be found out by using battery model. At the

end of simulation the nodes whose battery is died out will be considered as dead.

4) Network lifetime - Life of the network is considered to be the life of Pan coordinator. If the

battery of pan coordinator is dead then the network is assumed to be dead.

Could you please elaborate more about Activity distribution, ECSDD, NRL, and NML?

49. I could see that in MacDot16SchAllocDlBurst (...) at mac_dot16_sch.cpp, qualnet allocate the

users data onto the free spaces (Physical Slots) consecutively and vertically. However, I'd like

to allocate the users data onto specified free spaces based on certain condition, e.g., at

subchannel 1 and subchannel 3, subchannel 4, but at the same column or symbols. I'm aware

the PS is 1 subchannel over 2 OFDM symbols. My question is, do I just need to customize

only in MacDot16SchAllocDlBurst(..) and not at other functions so that the DL allocation

MAP is based on a certain condition? The next question is does qualnet implement physical

mapping?

Reason: This is a known issue in QualNet

Solution:

We will be fixed in the upcoming release of QualNet. Please find the attached zip of the code

files and put the code files in the respective directory and compile QualNet again.

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50. I want to see message id for debugging. Message *msg ; /* in ~/include/message.h */ Would

tell me which field can be used for message id? Can I use msg->InstanceId or msg-

>naturalOrder as message id?

Reason: This is a known issue in QualNet

Solution:

To know massage id you should use the pair (msg->sequenceNumber and msg-

>originatingNodeId) to uniquely identify a message.

51. I have two questions regarding CSMA/CA algorithm

1) Actually am confused between the CSMA/CA in 802.15.4 MAC and the CSMA/CA in the

Generic MAC parameters, can you tell me what the difference between them is? ( mean

CSMA/CA in "Generic MAC Model" provided in Wireless Model library.)

2) I am working on 802.15.4 MAC, it is possible in QualNet5.0 to change the values

parameters setting of CSMA/CA such as contention window (CW), backoff exponent (BE),

and number of backoff (NB)?

Reason:

1) MAC802.15.4 doesn't use rts/cts mechanism to avoid collisions (It doesn't use any CA

mechanism).

2) The default values of NB and CW is 0 and 2 respectively.

Solution

1. CSMA/CA algorithm in generic mac model of QualNet v5.0 optionally uses rts/cts

mechanism. Furthermore, data acknowledgments are currently not supported in

Zigbee model of QualNet v5.0.

2. Yes. You can change the value of these parameters in QualNet v5.0 by modifying the

default values in the code. Please refer to data structure "csma_802_15_4_str" in file

csma_802_15_4.h. The values of BE changes between "mac->mpib.macMinBE" and

"aMaxBE".

52. In order to use backoff exponent mechanism to reduce the probability of collision, in which

part of (csma_802_15_4.cpp) I can modify pls?

Solution:

This feature is already implemented in Zigbee Model of QualNet . Please refer to API

Csma802_15_4CCA_confirm(..) in file csma_802_15_4.cpp.

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53. As I read somewhere, bellman ford uses the default ip forwarding table on the node to store

entries but AODV has its own routing table - internal to the protocol. Assuming the interfaces

for AODV and bellman ford are on different subnets on a node, does a packet coming in on

an AODV interface (destined for a host on the bellman ford subnet) know to go out the

bellman ford interface - and vice versa? What if the packet coming in on the AODV interface

needed to use a default gateway or static route to get to the destination, does the default

gateway and static route function work in that scenario (with AODV and bellman ford on the

same node)?

Reason:

In QualNet, the route redistribution is not supported between AODV and BELLMANFORD.

The supported list is mentioned in the section "5.4 Route Redistribution" of document

"QualNet-5.0-MultimediaEnterprise-ModelLibrary.pdf" located at

“$QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries”.

Solution:

However, instead of AODV, DYMO can be used. On the node running the DYMO on one

interface and BELLMANFORD on other interface, the external route file needs to be

specified on it. This node is called as DYMO gateway node. For format of external routes-

file, please refer to section “3.4.3.2 Format of the External Routes File” in document

“QualNet-5.0-MultimediaEnterprise-ModelLibrary.pdf” available at

“$QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries”.

54. Can qualnet support 802.11n and mimo? is 802.11n standard implemented or not? ,if not

when? How can i implement mac protocol for mimo?

Reason: 802.11n is not currently supported.

Solution:

It will be available in a future release, but we cannot provide a specific date at this time.

When 802.11n support is released it will support MIMO. For adding MAC protocol in

QualNet, please refer section

55.1. Whether it is possible to implement path stability problem in hwmp protocol?

2. Whether it is able to analyze the path using packet tracer?

Solution:

1. You need to do custom code changes in hwmp model of QualNet v5.0 to implement

algorithm for path stability. Please refer to chapter 4 "Developing Protocol Models in

QualNet" of document "QualNet-5.0-ProgrammersGuide.pdf" for information on modifying

an existing model in QualNet.

2. Currently in QualNet v5.0, hwmp model doesn't support packet tracer functionality.

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56. 1. How can I change payload size of packet (MPDU)?

2. How can I change data rate of phy layer?

Solution:

Payload size of MPDU can be changed by changing the size of the packets generated at the

application layer. Please refer to the respective application layer model document for more

information.

Data rate at PHY layer can be changed by configuring the required data rate using PHY layer

configuration parameters. Please refer to the respective PHY layer model documentation for

more information. The model documents can be found at location

$QUALNET_HOME/documentation.

57. I am using Qualnet 5.1 to study the effect of distance between the nodes on energy consumed

at the transmitter. I have a small doubt about the units of Tx power and energy consumed. As

far as I understand, Tx power is measured in mW and energy consumed is measured in

mJoules. Am I writing about this? Please give me the correct units for measure of energy

consumed and Tx power.

Reason: Tx Power is measured in unit dBm and energy is measured in mJoules.

Solution:

Please refer to document QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries\Wireless-

ModelLibrary.pdf for more information regarding parameters.

58. I want to use the RSS info from physical layer to define the rate transmission and define a

potential routing. My idea is taking RSS information from physical layer to network layer (by

using rreq and rrep), and then from network layer will try to pass the RSS to MAC layer to

define selected rate transmission.

1. My first question, does my scenario will be efficient in term of delay and data traffic?

2. Is it possible directly to pass the RSS info to MAC and network layer?

Solution:

1) Comment cannot be made on "efficient in term of delay and data traffic" because of the

lack of information about the changes that you have done.

2) In QualNet, to use the RSS info from physical layer to network layer, user defined info can

be added in the message.

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59. I have encountered the following error now even with the routing_lar.cpp provided by

Qualnet. Assertion (newHeaderSize <= IP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE) failed in file

..\libraries\developer\src\network_ip.cpp:14376 IP header exceeds IP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE

bytes I have emailed the scenario files.

Reason: The maximum hops of source route that can be added is defined by parameter

LAR_MAX_ROUTE_LENGTH whose value is 9 by default.

Solution:

Please check if you changed this threshold in your custom code. LAR route is suitable for

lesser number of nodes and if the hop count in source route will increase in number then it

will not be supported by current LAR implementation. Hence, there is an assertion in code

that IP header exceeds (newHeaderSize <= IP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE).

60. I m working with qualnet 5.0.2.I placed DEM terrains and tried to simulate it. But no

animation is found and the nodes are just blinking. I included the packet size 51bytes.

Solution:

Make sure animation filters are ON while running the scenario. For more information refer to

section "5.4.3.2 Animation Filters" of document

"QUALNET_HOME\documentation\QualNet-5.0.2-UsersGuide.pdf".

61. How to define a call (VoIP) to be dropped during handover. What are the parameters to

trigger it, such as RSSI RSRP CINR? Is there a formula to calculate it? If a call is dropped,

will it create any message or use a function to treat with the call for the rest of the procedure?

How to define a block call when it tries to start the call?

Reason: VOIP call is not dropped during handover in QualNet.

Solution:

Instead, you can notice that the total number of packets received would decrease when one of

the SS is moving away from its BS as compared to when it is stationary.

It is not possible to block a VOIP call in QualNet. However, if you want the VOIP call to be

rejected by the VOIP receiver then you can configure the "CALL-STATUS" parameter as

"REJECT" in the .app file.

For more information on configuring VOIP parameters please refer section "7.4 Voice over

Internet Protocol (VoIP)" of document "MultimediaEnterprise-ModelLibrary.pdf" present at

location "$QUALNET_HOME\documentation\Model Libraries".

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62. Hi there I'm only interested in the communication between the UE and the Node B of a

UMTS scenario. Does I need to configure the full architecture of the UMTS scenario that

includes the RNC, SGSN, GGSN, HLR (core network / back bone network) or I can just

configure the UE and Node B with wireless subnet in order to get my results. In other words,

is it possible to have communication results between UMTS UE and UMTS Node B without

having all the remaining nodes like RNC, SGSN, and GGSN etc?

Reason: Both access network and core network should be configured in UMTS to have

communication between UE and Node B.

Solution:

For more information refer document "UMTS-ModelLibrary.pdf" present at location

"$QUALNET_HOME\documentation\Model Libraries".

63. How can I adjust the BER of a specific number?

Solution:

You can modify the value of BER in API Phy802_11CheckRxPacketError (...) located in file

"phy_802_11.cpp". The value of BER is returned by API PHY_BER. You can reset the value

of BER after this statement as per your requirement.

64. How many usable channels are there in 802.11b? In which document or .h file it is defined?

How to specify the listening channel mask for the mobile node? Should it just be the same

channel of the subnet it was initially placed?

Reason: This is a known issue in QualNet

Solution:

You can configure usable channels in 802.11b as needed. You can specify listening channel

mask using PHY-LISTENING-CHANNEL-MASK parameter. For more information on

specifying usable channels and listening channel mask refer to section "4.2.8.1.1Channel

Masks" of document "QualNet-UsersGuide.pdf" at location

"$QUALNET_HOME\documentation".

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65. I would like to do a stress test on possibly 50-100 VOIP calls on my server, is there any

solution which will allow me to perform such a stress test?

Solution:

You can configure multiple VOIP applications destined to single receiver node for your stress

testing. To configure VOIP applications, refer to section "8.4 Voice over Internet Protocol

(VoIP)" specified in document

"QUALNET_HOME\documentation\ModelLibraries\MultimediaEnterprise-

ModelLibrary.pdf".

66. I have a route from source to destination. I have to send additional optional header which will

contain information and source route.

Solution:

You can add user defined info in the message. To add user defined info, please refer to the

section "4.1.2.3.1 Declaring User-defined Info Field Type" in document

"$QUALNET_HOME/documentation/ProgrammersGuide.pdf".

For further queries kindly contact: [email protected]