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Quapaw tribe of Oklahoma air quality programCRAIG KREMANASSISTANT ENVIRONMENTAL DIRECTORQUAPAW TRIBE ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICE

2014 National Tribal Forum on Air QualityINTRODUCTIONWHO?WHERE?WHAT?WHY?QUAPAW TRIBE HISTORY

Picture of Ed Quapaw. An artists rendition of what the Quapaws donned long ago.3QUAPAW TRIBE HISTORY

Picture of Ed Quapaw. An artists rendition of what the Quapaws donned long ago.4TAR CREEK SUPERFUND SITETri-State Mining DistrictBegan mining the area during the late 1800s, lasted until approximately 1970Mining and milling of ore (primarily lead and zinc) produced more than 500 million tons of waste in areaTwo primary types of wastes from mining processes: chat and tailingsTailings pose greater risk to human health and environment5CHAT PILE

CHAT PILE

Tar Creek superfund siteDesignated as a Superfund Site in 1983, following the establishment of Hazard Rank System and National Priorities List in 1981 and 1982, respectively under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).Four Main Objects of RemediationAcid mine drainage from underground mines began flowing into Tar Creek through abandoned mine shafts and borehole prompted further environmental investigation. Four objectives: improving surface water quality, reducing exposure to lead dust, attenuating mine hazards, and land reclamation10Tar Creek superfund siteOperable UnitsOU1: Surface Water/GroundwaterOU2: Residential PropertiesOU4: Chat Piles, Other Mine and Mill Wastes, and Smelter SitesOU5: Sediment and Surface WaterCatholic 40 Remedial Response CAAcid mine drainage from underground mines began flowing into Tar Creek through abandoned mine shafts and borehole prompted further environmental investigation. Four objectives: improving surface water quality, reducing exposure to lead dust, attenuating mine hazards, and land reclamation11Catholic 40 Remedial responseCooperative Agreement for Remedial Action signed between EPA and the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma was the first-ever Remedial Action in the nation conducted by a tribe on property that they own.40-acre tract of land that has cultural and historical significanceCatholic 40 Remedial responseRemedial Action involved: excavation, hauling, and disposal of approximately 107,000 tons of source material (chat).Benefits:Enhance Tribes technical capacity to perform work under the Superfund ProgramHave seen expressed interest by other tribes in performing work similar to the Remedial Action at the Catholic 40Will hope to begin work on additional impacted lands in areaCATHOLIC 40 BEFORE AND AFTERBEFOREAFTER

CATHOLIC 40 BEFORE AND AFTERBEFOREAFTER

CATHOLIC 40 BEFORE AND AFTERBEFOREAFTER

CATHOLIC 40 BEFORE AND AFTERBEFOREAFTER

Remedial objectiveExposure to lead dust was a primary concern to a majority of Tar Creek residents and tribal members.Air program was established in 1999 with funding under Section 103 of CAAAdditional concerns were regional ozone and particulate matterAIR MONITORING PROGRAMTribe assumed the management and operation of PM2.5 monitoring project in 2002 at Quapaw Tribe Industrial Park.R&P 2025 Sequential Samplers (collocated), ran every 1-in-6 days from 2002 to 2010AIR MONITORING PROGRAMIn 2003, tribe began the Tar Creek Air Monitoring Project (TCAMP)In 2004, the tribe assumed the management and operation of a gaseous criteria pollutant monitoring project at the Quapaw Tribe Industrial ParkRobust ambient air quality investigation into the levels of ambient lead and particulate matter in the vicinity of the mountains of chat on Tribal lands within the Tar Creek Superfund SiteGaseous Criteria pollutants included sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and ozone20AIR MONITORING PROGRAMOver time, SOx, NOx, and CO monitors were phased out, and PM2.5 (continuous), PM10 (continuous), and NOy monitors were phased inToday the tribe operates and monitors ozone, NOy, and PM2.5 (continuous), as well as various meteorological parameters at the Quapaw Tribe Industrial Park

21Miami shelter site photos

22AIR MONITORING PROGRAMTCAMP site still monitors for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), as well as Lead in Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)Current TCAMP sites:HumbawataWhitebird

At one time the TCAMP site had four sites operational, now currently two23TCAMP Site Photos - HUMBAWATA

TCAMP Site Photos WHITEBIRD

AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTLead in TSPEcotech HiVol-3000 SamplerNon-continuous (1-in-6 days)Very easy to maintain and operate!!!Particulate MatterR&P TEOM Met One BAM-1020

26AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT

AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTRupprecht & Patashnick TEOMTapered Element Oscillating MicrobalanceReliable data, butOutdated and repeated maintenance/repairs requiredReplacement parts are becoming obsolete

28AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT

AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTMet One BAM-1020Beta Attenuation MonitorEasy to maintainFilter tape is only thing that needs replaced periodicallyData very consistent with TEOM

A small 14C (Carbon 14) element emits a constant source of high-energy electrons known as beta particles. These beta particles are detected and counted by a sensitive scintillation detector. An external pump pulls a measured amount of dust-laden air through a filter tape. After the filter tape is loaded with ambient dust, it is automatically placed between the source and the detector thereby causing an attenuation of the beta particle signal. The degree of attenuation of the beta particle signal is used to determine the mass concentration of particulate matter on the filter tape, and hence the volumetric concentration of particulate matter in ambient air. 30AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTOzoneEcotech 9810BMeasures ozone by ultraviolet photometryU.S. EPA approvedInternal zero and span for auditing31AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTReactive Nitrogen Compounds (NOy)Thermo Andersen 42CYMeasured by chemiluminescent response of NO blended with ozoneInternal zero and span for auditing32AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENTMeteorologicalWind Speed/Wind DirectionMet One Model 50.5TemperatureMet One Model 592Relative HumidityMet One Model 083DPrecipitationMet One Model 375C33DATA VALIDATION and certificationQuality Assurance Project PlanData Quality Objective is to conduct compliance monitoring for NOy, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 (continuous), Lead in TSP , and meteorological data.DQO is controlled and evaluated by using Data Quality Indicators:Precision, Accuracy, Completeness, Representativeness, and Comparability.Data certification through AQS, after verification and validation of dataParticipate in EPAs National Performance Audit Program (NPAP), ITEC Independent Quarterly Audits, and Biweekly Self Audits34Continued involvement NTAA MemberTAMS Steering Committee MemberBeginning October 2014Four States Clean Air AllianceBoard Member

Thank you and enjoy the ForumContact InformationCraig Kreman5681 S 630 RoadPO Box 765Quapaw, OK 74363

Office: (918) 542-1853Cell: (918) 533-3085

Email: ckreman@quapawtribe.com