quartet 2四重奏英语二级

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Quartet 2Course Book

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Quartet 2II

© The Q Group PLC, 2001 • All rights reserved

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Quartet 2III

Introduction

Quartet 2

Welcome to Quartet Course Book 2. The Quartet Course Book 2 includes avariety of reading texts that revolve around the theme of world travel, as well asreading comprehension activities, guided writing, speaking activities, grammar,and vocabulary exercises. The book is organized thematically following the topicsof Quartet Online. The result is a fully integrated language learning course. We

hope that you will enjoy learning with Quartet Course Book 2.

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Quartet 2IV

• Types of buildings• Travel in the desert

• Natural disasters

• Stories and

legends

Pages 2-24

Pages 2-12

Pages 13-24

Pages 26-48

Pages 26-36

Pages 37-48

Pages 50-72

Pages 50-59

Pages 60-72

Unit 1Old Sites – Petra

Part 1: You Must Visit

Petra!

Part 2: Yesterday and

Today

Unit 2

Another Old Site –

Pompeii

Part 1: Where Should I

Go?

Part 2: More About

Pompeii

Unit 3

Legends

Part 1: About Legends

Part 2: Urban Legends

• Modals: haveto / has to & must - obligation

• used to

• Modals for advice:

should, shouldn’t

• Connectors of

contrast:

even though,although, though,

but

• Relative Clauses:

which, who, that,whose

• Present Passive

Map of Quartet 2

Vocabulary Language

Points

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Quartet 2 V

• Discussing travelplans

• Discussing

problems and

solutions

• Doing a survey

• Making up stories

about people

based on pictures

• Talking about past

activities

• Talking about

natural disasters

• Role-play: inviting

and making

excuses

• Role-play:

interviewing

someone about a

vacation.

• Role-play:

interviewing a

storyteller

• Role-play:

interviewing a

candidate for an

acting job

• Aqaba Is Not SoFar Away

• The Desert

• The Truth About

Camels

• The History ofAncient Pompeii

• How the SnakeLost His Legs

• Giving advice andmaking

recommendations

• Obligations

• Giving and asking for

advice

• Making excuses

• Asking for and giving

information

• Preparing a list oftravel items

• Writing about

things you used to

do

• Writing a letter of

advice

• Making a list of

things to do during

a disaster

• Writing about an

ancient site

• Writing a short

note making an

excuse

• Writing a poem

• Writing a new

ending to a legend

• Writing your own

legend

• Writing a report

about an incident

• Writing a reportabout legends in

your culture

Language in Use

(Function)

Reading Speaking

Activities

Writing

Activities

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Quartet 2 VI

• Legends andmythology

• Nature and

adventure

vacations

• Activities

• Words describing

islands

Review

Pages 74-94

Pages 74-83

Pages 84-94

Pages 96-118

Pages 96-106

Pages 107-118

Pages 120-142

Pages 120-129

Pages 130-142

Pages 144-165

Pages 144-158

Pages 159-165

Unit 4Another Legend –

The Story of

Persephone

Part 1: In Greek

Mythology

Part 2: What Really

Happened?

Unit 5

Nature & Adventure

Vacations

Part 1: Why Do You Do

That?

Part 2: It Was Created

Many Years Ago

Unit 6

Hawaii

Part 1: What If…

Part 2: While I Was in

the Hawaiian Islands…

Unit 7

Grammar Review

Part 1: More Practice

Part 2: Test Yourself

• Result Clauses: so,therefore, so…that,

such…that

• Modals: could

(permission and

ability), may &

might (possibility)

• Purpose: in orderto, so that, because

• Past Passive

• Real Conditions

• Time Clauses

Review

Vocabulary Language

Points

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Quartet 2 VII

• Talking aboutheroes

• Talking about

Greek gods

• Talking about a

camping trip

• Talking about a

vacation you want

to go on

• Discussing a travel

complaint

• Role-play:

apologizing and

asking for

explanations

• Role-play: giving

tourist tips

• Describing a camp

itinerary

• Role-play:

persuading

someone to

participate in

activities

Review

• The Story ofPersephone: A

Letter to the Editor

• In the Rainforest

• Welcome toHawaii

Review

• Talking about resultsand consequences

• Talking about ability

• Asking for permission

• Talking about

possibility

• Explaining the

reason or purpose for

doing something

• Apologizing

• Complaints

• Talking about

conditions

• Persuasion

Review

• Writing anewspaper article

• Writing a myth

about a hero

• Writing about

Greek gods

• Describing possible

future activities

• Writing a postcard

about the

rainforests,

the safari, or the

Grand Canyon

• Writing a postcard

from Hawaii

• Writing an

advertisement

Review

Language in Use

(Function)

Reading Speaking

Activities

Writing

Activities

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U N I T

1Old Sites – Petra

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U N I T

1

PART 1: YOU MUST VISIT PETRA!

Modals: have to/ has to & must - obligation

Tanya: These pictures of your vacation in Petra are fantastic. I really want to go

there.

Meryl: Yes, you really must start traveling – you never go anywhere!

Tanya: Well, you can travel all over the world and not work. I have to work.

I must pay the rent and eat before I do anything else.Meryl: That’s true, but start saving money for a vacation. Traveling is a "must."

Tanya: Well, maybe I can go to Petra in May, after I save enough money.

Meryl: Ah, but this year the holy fast of Ramadan is in May. During this

month, Moslems mustn't eat, drink, or smoke during the day.

Tanya: And tourists?

Meryl: Tourists mustn't eat, drink, or smoke in public places.

Tanya: That's too difficult for me. I don't have to go in May – I can go in

June.

Quartet 22

Language Point

Before You Start

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U N I T

1

A Are these sentences true or false?

1. __ Tanya must go to Petra.

2. __ Tanya must work.

3. __ Meryl thinks that Tanya must start saving money for a vacation.

4. __ Meryl thinks that Tanya has to start traveling.

5. __ Tanya has to go to Petra in May.

6. __ During Ramadan, tourists mustn’t eat or drink in public.

7. __ Moslems mustn’t eat at all during Ramadan.

8. __ Meryl has to change her travel plans.

B Choose the correct definition for each sign.

Quartet 23

a. You mustn’t smoke.

b. You mustn't feed the camels.

c. You mustn't climb this mountain.

d. You mustn’t turn left.

e. You mustn’t pick the flowers.

f. You mustn’t drive faster than 40

miles (64 kilometers) an hour.

f

1 2 3

654

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U N I T

1

Quartet 24

Some Grammar

Modals - have to / has to & must - obligation

MerylWe

You and your friendsTanyaWePedro

YouTourists

has to workhave to save money

must paymust senddon’t have to leavedoesn't have to get up

must not / mustn't feedmust not / mustn't take

to pay the rent.for the vacation.

the tour guide.a postcard to her parents.until 10 p.m.early tomorrow morning.

the camels.pictures inside themosque.

Positive sentences:

• We use have to/has to or must to talk about things that are necessary orthat we have an obligation to do.Examples:

I must leave now.I have to see a doctor today.

• Must can also be used with the following meanings:

Legal obligations

Example: You must stop at a red light.

Moral obligations

Example: In my culture, I must get my father’s permission before I can marry.

Strong recommendations

Example: You really must see that movie – it’s great!

Negative sentences:

• We use must not (mustn’t) to say that something is not allowed, notacceptable, or against the law.

• We use don’t/doesn’t have to when we say that something is not anobligation.Examples:

During Ramadan, Moslems mustn’t eat during the day.You don’t have to go to Jordan during Ramadan if you don't want to.

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U N I T

1

A Match A to B to make complete sentences.

Quartet 25

Some Practice

A

1. ___ There aren’t any trains to

Petra.

2. ___ You must have a passport

3. ___ Petra is in the desert

4. ___ If you want to travel a lot,

5. ___ You must have a visa6. ___ If you want to have a good

time in Petra,

7. ___ You must have an

international driver’s license

8. ___ A person who wants to

become an archeologist

B

a. you must read about it

before you go there.

b. so you have to drive or go by bus.

c. has to study for many years.

d. in order to travel outside your

country.e. if you want to drive in Jordan.

f. so people must bring lots of water

with them.

g. you must save some money.

h. to enter some countries.

B Choose the best sentence to continue the first sentence.

1. You mustn't drink the water in the market.a. Buy bottled water.b. The water in the market is good.

2. You don't have to walk to the entrance of Petra.a. You must go on camelback.b. You can hire a donkey.

3. At Petra, you must see the famous Treasury building.a. It's wonderful!b. It’s not very interesting.

4. You must have a visa to enter Jordan.a. You can get it when you leave Petra.b. You should get it before you leave home

5. You must also visit Aqaba.a. You aren't allowed to leave Jordan before you go there.b. You can go swimming in the wonderful Red Sea.

b

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U N I T

1

C Are these laws in your country? Check (✔) yes or no.

Quartet 26

1. People must pay taxes.

2. People mustn't steal.

3. Children mustn’t watch too much television.

4. You must have a driver’s license to drive a car.

5. Very ill people must go to a hospital.

6. Children must go to school until they are 16.

7. People must stop working when they’re 65 years old.

8. Teachers mustn't hit children at school.

9. People mustn't smoke.

Yes No

D Mohammad, Meryl's guide in Petra, said that the sentencesbelow are "musts" for him. Which ones are a "must" for you?

❒ Everyone must get a good education.

❒ Children must always tell the truth.

❒ People must always go to the doctor if they are ill.

❒ Young people must give their seats to old people on the bus.

❒ Working people must have at least one day a week to rest.

❒ Everyone must learn how to drive a car in the modern world.

❒ Students must never cheat on tests.

❒ I must learn English.

❒ People must be kind and polite to each other.

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U N I T

1

Language Function

Sometimes we use should / shouldn’t to give advice and to makerecommendations.

Example: You should visit Petra. It is an amazing place.

We also use expressions such as:I think you should / shouldn’t…Why don’t you ...?

Have you ever thought about…?

Examples:

I think you should read the travel guide before you go there.Why don’t you wake up early tomorrow and go for a walk?Have you ever thought about visiting Petra?

Quartet 27

E Make a list of other “musts” together with a partner. Then share

them with the class.

❒ ____________________________________________________________

❒ ____________________________________________________________

❒ ____________________________________________________________

❒ ____________________________________________________________

❒ ____________________________________________________________

❒ ____________________________________________________________

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U N I T

1

F What’s your opinion? Here are some problems that different

people have. Choose the answers that you think are best. Thencompare your answers with a partner. Do you agree?

1. Larissa is planning to marry Martin in June. Then she finds out that hesometimes goes out with his old girlfriend Susan. He says that he doesn'tlove Susan; she's just a friend. Larissa is hurt and angry. This is what youtell her.

❒ You should believe Martin. Marry him and don’t worry about Susan.

❒ You mustn’t marry Martin. He’s lying to you. An old girlfriend is never just

a friend.❒ Have you thought about postponing the wedding? Then you can wait

and see what happens.

2. Tanya is friendly with Fabrice. They are not close friends, but they often goout together. Fabrice is usually nice to Tanya. Then one day, he sayssomething which isn’t so nice. Tanya is upset. This is what you tell her.

❒ Why don’t you stop seeing Fabrice? He doesn’t seem like a nice person.

❒ You don’t have to stop seeing Fabrice, but be careful. You mustn’t

become good friends.❒ You shouldn’t see Fabrice anymore because you can’t trust him.

Without trust, there’s no friendship.❒ You must talk to Fabrice about your feelings. Listen to what he says.

Then decide about being friends with him.

3. Evan works with Karen. She is a good worker and very friendly. She helpedhim on his last project. Evan's boss just told him that part of the project wasnot done well. It's the part that Karen worked on. Should he tell his boss?

This is what you tell him.

❒ You shouldn’t tell the boss. Your work is usually good and you

can't get into trouble because one project is not perfect. It's not fair tohurt a fellow worker.

❒ I think you should tell the boss. Why get into trouble because of someone

else's mistake?❒ Don't tell the boss, but you must never ask for Karen's help again.

Quartet 28

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U N I T

1

Read the following advertisement. Does Aqaba sound like a goodplace to visit?

Quartet 29

Something to Read

Some Words

luxurious refreshed rested scuba diving soak

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U N I T

1


1. ___ Petra is good for a long vacation.

2. ___ It’s cold in Petra.

3. ___ Aqaba is far away from Europe.

4. ___ The sky is always gray at the Red Sea.

5. ___ You have to spend one week in Jordan in order to have a goodvacation.

B Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

Mr. Tibi: Hello, welcome to the Aqaba Palace Hotel . How can I help you?

Julie: I must find a hotel room for tonight. I missed my plane. Now I have to

wait until tomorrow.

Mr. Tibi: No problem. I have a beautiful, (1) ________ room for you. You can

(2) ________ in the bath and have dinner in our restaurant.

Julie: Fine, fine. I'll take it. How much is it?

Mr. Tibi: And tomorrow you will feel (3) ________ . Then you can

go (4) __________ in the Red Sea. You must also see the Mamluk

Fort.

Julie: Do I have to sign in? Can I have the key?

Mr. Tibi: You should also go on a ride on a glass bottom boat and see all the

beautiful fish. You really should (5) __________ Aqaba!

Julie: No, I must catch a plane from Amman tomorrow!

Quartet 2 10

f

enjoy luxurious rested soak scuba diving

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Quartet 2 11

C Are these sentences true or false? For help look at Exercise B.

D Complete the conversation between Mr. Tibi and Julie.

Mr. Tibi: 1. ________________________________________?

Julie: I missed my plane and I need a room for one night.

Mr. Tibi: 2. _________________________________________?

Julie: No, I don't have time.

Mr. Tibi: 3. ________________________________________?

Julie: No, not even in the morning. My plane leaves at 9:30 a.m.

Mr. Tibi: 4. ________________________________________?

Julie: First to Amman and then back to London.

Mr. Tibi: 5. _____________________________________?

Julie: No thanks. I'm not hungry. I just want a bath and a bed.Mr. Tibi: 6. _________________________

Julie: Thanks and goodnight.

Mr. Tibi: 7. __________________________

U N I T

1

1. Mr. Tibi likes Aqaba.

2. Julie planned to stay in Aqaba.

3. Julie doesn't like Aqaba.

4. Julie is happy to be in Aqaba.

5. Mr. Tibi wants Julie to miss her planeto Amman.

6. Julie must be at work tomorrow.

7. The Mamluk Fort is in Aqaba.

True False Don'tKnow

✔

How can I help you

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U N I T

1

Answer the questions using the information above.

1. What can you say about the weather in Amman and Petra in the summer?2. How is it different from your country?3. What can you say about the weather in Amman and Petra in the winter?4. How is it different from your country?

5. Look at the “Don’t Forget” list. What would you take if you could carryonly five items? Make a priority list and compare it with your neighbor’s list.

Quartet 2 12

What Do You Think?

On Your Own

You are planning to go to Petra for three days in the winter.Prepare your own list of items you would like to pack. Use thetips above and add more if needed.

General InformationOFFICIAL NAME: the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

CAPITAL: Amman

CLIMATEApril-October:Amman and Petra have sunny, cloudless weather with warm days and cool evenings. Spring andsummer temperatures range between 60-80º in Amman and Petra. Very light and comfortableclothing is recommended, preferably cotton for day wear. In Amman and in the desert a sweater isoften needed in the evening, even in the middle of the summer.

November-March:Chilly with rain (and possibly snow). Temperatures range between 32-60º . Aqaba is a winter resort,temperatures range between 60-75º . Coats, light raincoats, sweaters, jackets, hats, and gloves arerecommended.

DON’T FORGET TO PACK:good sunglasses and a hat with a visor or brim, prescription drugs, eyesight prescriptions and aspare pair of glasses, suntan lotion, a good camera and lots of film. You should take an extra batteryfor your camera. Don’t forget a travel alarm clock, a few plastic bags, decaffinated coffee/tea, and afirst-aid kit. For Petra, we also recommend that you pack your hiking boots.

MONEY MATTERSThe Jordanian dinar (or JD) is divided into 1000 fils (or 100 piasters). The value of the dinar isapproximately $1.40 to a dinar. Dollars can be easily converted at all banks, money-changing

offices, and hotels throughout the country.Though service charges are included, it is customary to tip to show your appreciation to hotelpersonnel and to the guide and driver of your tour. A 10% tip in a restaurant is considered correct.

General Information

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Quartet 2 13

PART 2:YESTERDAY AND TODAY

used to

U N I T

1

Language Point

Before You Start

Yesterday and Today – Jordan

PETRA: Petra used to be a large Nabatean city which controlled the traderoutes of ancient Arabia. Now it is the most popular tourist site inJordan.

SALT: Salt used to be the capital of Jordan. Now Amman is the capital.

KAN ZAMAN: This walled village used to be a fortress. Now it is a restaurantand handicraft center in Amman, Jordan.

JERASH: Jerash used to be a Roman city with a large population andmany beautiful buildings. Now there is a folklore festival thereevery July among the ruins.

UM QEIS: This town used to be called Gadara and was once a culturalcenter. Now visitors go there to look at the ruins of two theaters.

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U N I T

1

A What town am I talking about?

1. _________ People used to come to my town from far away to meet withpoets and to talk to famous philosophers.

2. _________ In northern Jordan, my city used to have a large population and

beautiful buildings.

3. _________ In my small town, the walls used to protect us from danger.

4. _________ The leaders of the country used to live here.

5. _________ We used to meet all the traders traveling from Africa to Asia.

Now we just meet tourists.

B Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

Tanya: Did you visit any other part of Jordan besides Petra?

Meryl: Of course. I spent five days traveling around the country after Petra.

We started in Amman.

Tanya: Isn’t that the (1) ________ of the country?

Meryl: Yes, and it’s a nice modern city. From there we traveled north to see

the Castle of Ajloun, a (2) ________ built in 1184. It used to

(3) _______ the entire north Jordan valley. Then we went to Jerash.

What a wonderful place!

Tanya: What’s so special about Jerash?

Meryl: There are (4) ________ there from thousands of years ago as well as

from Greek and Roman times. We walked on the original stone streets.

I want to go back in July.

Tanya: Why? Didn’t you see everything?

Meryl: The Jerash (5) _______ is in July. People come from all over the

world to see (6)________ dances by local and international groups and

to go to concerts, plays, and poetry readings, and to buy traditional

(7)_____________.

capitalcontrol

festivalfortress

folkhandicrafts

ruins

Quartet 2 14

Um Qeis

capital

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Quartet 2 15

U N I T

1

Some Grammar

used to

• We write used to talk about things that we usually did in the past but do notdo anymore or to say that something was once true.

• We write use to (without the d ) in negative statements and questions.

Some Practice

1. ____ Where did you stay inJordan?

2. ____ Do you know any Arabic?

3. ____ Did you travel alone?

4. ____ Was Max Worth your travelagent?

5. ____ Can you give me MaxWorth’s phone number,please?

6. ____ Why aren’t you eating yoursalad?

a. No, I used to work with him but thistime I got my tickets from TerryRinger.

b. Tomorrow. I used to have hisbusiness card in my wallet but Ileft it at home.

c. Not any more. I used to know a bitwhen I was at University.

d. I don’t know. I used to love saladsbut lately I only want to eat rice andmeat.

e. In five-star hotels. I used to stay incheaper hotels but not anymore.

f. Yes. I used to travel with friends butnow I don’t.

A B

e

A Meryl and Tanya are in a Middle Eastern restaurant. MatchTanya’s questions in A with Meryl’s answers in B.

The Nabateans

Petra

Did they

What did they

Salt

used to live

didn't use to be

use to grow

use to do

used to be

in Petra.

such a popular tourist site.

corn in the desert?

in the summer?

the capital of Jordan.

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U N I T

1

B Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in

parentheses ( ) and use(d) to where appropriate.1. I ____________ (know) some Arabic. I _________________ (not

remember) anything now.

2. Meryl ___________ (travel) with friends. Today she _____________(travel)

alone.

3. I _____________(get up) at 7 am every morning. In the past,

I_____________(sleep) until 10.

4. Petra _____________ (be) a Nabatean city. Now it ____________(be) a

tourist site.

5. What color __________(be) his hair now? It ____________(be) red.6. ____________ (you live) on Mortimer Street? Yes, I did, but I

___________(move) here three years ago.

7. How ____________(you get) to work every morning? I __________ (walk).

Now I drive.

C Find out about the people in your group. Fill in the chart. Addother things that some people used to do or that they do now.

never did does now used to do1. Climb mountains

Name:

2. Play the pianoName:

3. Play tennisName:

4. Ride a camelName:

5. Work in a restaurantName:

6.Name:

7.Name:

8.Name:

9.

Name:

10.Name:

Quartet 2 16

used to know don’t remember

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U N I T

1

D Read the text below and answer the questions.

THE DESERT

Picture the Middle East. What do you see? An endless desert with nomads oncamels? That’s all in movies. There’s still a lot of sand there but most peopletravel in cars and trucks.

The camel, the "ship of the desert", used to be the primary way for desert peopleto move from place to place. The camel was very important for transport, shade

from the hot sun, milk, meat, wool, and hides. These nomads used to move theirtents made of camel skin, their families, and animals from one place to anotherand the camel used to carry everything. Today, many of them live in urban andrural areas and you won’t see long lines of camels in a city or village.

These tribes of wandering people used to wear colorful and unique clothing.Today the young people usually dress the same as everyone else.

1. Why do nomads live in tents?2. Why were camels so important for the nomad’s way of life?

Quartet 2 17

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U N I T

1

E Write a definition or explanation of the words below. Use the

text in exercise D.1. desert – a lot of sand 2. nomads __________________________________________________3. camel_____________________________________________________4. urban area_________________________________________________5. rural area __________________________________________________6. transport __________________________________________________7. hides _____________________________________________________8. primary____________________________________________________

F Look at the two pictures below of a place in the desert. They arethe same place, 100 years apart. Describe the differencesbetween the two pictures.

G Make up your own stories. These four people looked differentten years ago. They had different jobs. They lived in differentplaces. With your partner, decide what they do now and what

they used to do.

Quartet 2 18

Used to be

There used to be camels.Now

Now there are cars and trucks.

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U N I T

1

H Read the text. What’s in the camel’s hump?

THE TRUTH ABOUT CAMELS

People used to think that the camel was a bad-tempered animal. Actually, they’reusually good-natured, patient, and intelligent.

People used to think that the camel didn’t hear very well because its ears aresmall and it often won’t pay attention to a command. In fact, the camel hasexcellent hearing!

Why do we call the camel the "ship of the desert"? When it walks, the camelmoves both feet on one side of its body, then both feet on the other. This is likethe rolling motion of a boat.

People used to think that a camel didn’t have to eat or drink for weeks or months.Actually, it can be without food or water for only five to seven days.

And what’s the hump on the camel’s back? People used to think the hump wasfull of water. In fact, there is no water in the hump. It is fatty tissue for energywhen there is no food.

Quartet 2 19

Some Words

bad-temperedgood-natured

intelligentmotion

patientpay attention

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U N I T

1

I Are these sentences true or false?

1. ____ Camels can be very nice to people.2. ____ Camels carry their own water.3. ____ Camels hear very well.4. ____ A camel’s walk is like the motion of a boat.5. ____ A camel can eat nothing for about a week.6. ____ A camel can go without food because it stores energy in its hump.

J Match A to B.

Quartet 220

1. ___ He’s very bad-tempered today.

2. ___ He is very good-natured.

3. ___ You’re not paying attention.

4. ___ Let’s watch that move in slowmotion.

5. ___ She is so patient with thatcustomer.

6. ___ That camel is very intelligent.

a. He is in a bad mood and is shoutingat everyone.

b. It’s funny to see the people movingslowly.

c. You didn’t hear anything I said.

d. She always has the time to helphim.

e. He always smiles, is friendly, andhelps everyone.

f. I know that it understandseverything we are saying.

A B

K List facts about camels.

FACTS ABOUT CAMELS

_______________________________ ______________________________

______________________________ ______________________________

______________________________ ______________________________

______________________________ ______________________________

t

a

Camels are intelligent.

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U N I T

1

A Get into groups of four and follow the instructions for the game.

Quartet 221

Some Fun

T e l l t h e p e o

p l e i n y o u r

g r o u p

a b o u t s o m e

t h i n g t h a t y

o u

u s e d t o d o b u t

d o n ’ t d o

a n y m o r e. E x p l a i n w h y

y o u

s t o p p e d d o

i n g i t.

T e l l a p a r t n e r a b o u t y o u r s e l f

o r t h e o t h e r p e o p l e y o u k n o w

a b o u t .

T e l l a d i f f e r en t pa r tn e r a bou t

you rs e l f and a bou

t o t h e r

p eo p l e in t h e g rou

p.

Af t e r y o u h e a r a b o u t a t l e a s t f i v e p e o p l e , t e l l t h e c l a s s w h a t

y o u k n o w a b o u t t h e m .

Lis t en to your classma t es.

Did an y o f th e fac ts you h

eard

chang e?

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1

B Fill in the missing words and complete the crossword puzzle.

Across

1. He used to be _____________ . Now he’s divorced.5. She used to read a lot. Now she _____________ television.7. He used to eat meat. Now he’s a _____________ .8. She used to be very _____________ . Now she’s often ill.

10. He used to be fat. Now, he’s _____________ .11. She used to save money. Now she _____________ a lot.

Down

2. Computers used to be _____________ . Now they’re much cheaper.3. It used to be a kitten. Now, it’s a _____________ .4. She used to go to work by bus. Now she _____________ .6. She used to be weak. Now she’s _____________ .

9. He used to be _____________ . Now he’s old.

Quartet 222

5

1

R 91

R

1

R

1

M A R R I 2

E D1

R

1

R

1

R

1

R1

R

1

R

1

R

1

R

6

4

7

3

8

10

11

married

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1

Make a list of things you used to do that you don’t do any more.

Example: I used to watch a lot of television, but I don’t watch much television

now. I don’t have time.

Facts:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Quartet 223

On Your Own

What Did You Learn?

Word Meaning

Words:

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Quartet 224

U N I T

1

Language point Example

Modals: have to

Modals: has to

Modals: must

used to

Language points:

Crossword Answers

5

W A T C H S

A N

1

R L T H 9

Y1

R

E G E 1

R A R

1

M A R R I 2

E D1

R

1

R

1

R

1

R1

R

1

R

1

R

1

R

6

S

R

O

N

G

4

D

I7

V

E

S

3

C

T

A8

H

X

E

P

N

S

V

I

E

H I10

T O

U

N

G

D S11

S P E

T

R

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U N I T

2 Another Old Site – Pompeii

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2

Quartet 226

PART 1: WHERE SHOULD I GO?

Modals for advice: should, shouldn’t

Gustav: I’m going to Italy this summer.

Jania: Ah, you should visit Pompeii. It’s a fascinating place.

Gustav: What’s so special about Pompeii?

Jania: The city looks exactly as it did in 79 AD when a volcano erupted.The ashes from the volcano kept the city exactly as it wasback then. You should go into some of the houses. You can evensee burned loaves of bread and house keys.

Gustav: How exciting! Is there anything that I shouldn’t miss?

Jania: You should definitely see the Circus Maximus. They had all ofthe chariot races there. And the ancient baths are really amazing. The

Romans had a wonderful lifestyle!

Gustav: What’s the weather like in Pompeii during the summer?

Jania: It’s very hot during the day and cold at night. You should bring warmclothes to wear in the evening, but don’t forget the suntan lotion forthe daytime!

Language Point

Before You Start

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U N I T

2

Quartet 227


1. _____ A volcano erupted in Pompeii in 62 AD.

2. _____ The weather in Pompeii is always hot.

3. _____ The people of Pompeii had chariot races in the Circus Maximus.

4. _____ Gustav went to Pompeii last summer.

5. _____ Pompeii looks the same as it did 2,000 years ago.

B What should Gustav do in Pompeii? Check (✔) all the thingsthat Jania talked about.

1. _____ He should bring warm clothes to Pompeii for the evening.

2. _____ He should visit the Colosseum.

3. _____ He should see the ancient baths.

4. _____ He should bring suntan lotion.

5. _____ He should see the volcano.

6. _____ He should see the chariot races.

t

✔

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Quartet 228

Modals – should / shouldn’t

Some Grammar

I, You, it, Gustav should drink water.

We, They, It, The tourist shouldn’t stay in the sun for too long.

Should he, we, Gustav visit the Circus Maximus?

Shouldn’t I, they, you, Jania wear shorts?

Why should they, he, we, Gustav and Jania visit Pompeii?

What shouldn’t I, she, they bring on my trip?

Yes / no questions

Wh- questions

• When we give advice, we tell people what they should or shouldn’t do orhow they should or shouldn’t do it.

Examples: You should take a long vacation.

The children shouldn’t go outside without putting onsuntan lotion.

• When we ask for advice, we ask people what we should do and how we

should do it. When we ask for advice we usually use a question.

Example:

Should I bring warm clothes?

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2

Quartet 229

A Decide if the person is asking for or giving advice. Check ( ✔ )the correct response. How do you know?

Some Practice

1. You should take walking shoes with you.

2. You should use suntan lotion to protect your skin.

3. You should leave the area before it gets dark.

4. Should I leave my passport in the hotel room?

5. You shouldn’t leave your passport in the hotel room.

6. Should we contact the tourist information center?

7. Should I buy bottled water?

asking giving

B Rewrite the sentences below using should or shouldn’t .

Example: It’s a good idea to read about Pompeii before you go there.You should read about Pompeii before you go there.

1. Why don’t you stay at the Pompeii Seasons ? It’s a nice hotel.2. It’s not a good idea to drink the tap water in Italy.3. Don’t forget to bring a tourist guide.4. It’s a good idea to learn some Italian before your trip.5. It’s a good idea to eat pasta in Italy.

C Check (✔) the statements that you agree with. Compare your

answers with your partner. Discuss your reasons.1. ___ Everyone should travel.2. ___ When you visit a new country, you should learn about the local

culture and history.3. ___ When people travel, they should visit ancient sites.

4. ___ When you go to Italy, you should see Pompeii.5. ___ Before you visit a new country, you should learn a little bit of the

language.6. ___ When you visit a new place, you should meet some of the people

who live there.

✔

✔

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Quartet 230

D Complete the following passage using should or shouldn’t .

Dear Ron,

I’m glad to hear that you’re traveling to Europe this summer. I travel to

Europe often, and I’d be happy to give you some advice.

Since you’ll be carrying your knapsack, you (1) ______________ bring

too many clothes with you. You won’t need much, believe me. However,

you (2) ____________ bring clothes for both warm weather and cold

weather. The weather can be very hot or very cold.

You (3) ________________ spend extra money flying from city to city.

You (4) __________ take the train. It’s the cheapest, fastest way to

travel.

If you go to Italy, you (5) ______________ visit both Rome and

Pompeii. They’re both fascinating places. Italy is my favorite country in

Europe.

Oh, and you (6) ______________ take a camera!

Good luck and have fun!

Mona

shouldn’t

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2

Quartet 231

E What is the best advice? Explain your reasons to a partner.

Example:

Melvin wants to travel around the world, but he doesn’t haveenough money.

❒ He should borrow money from the bank. It’s important to travel. He

can work hard next year and pay back the money.

1. Melvin wants to travel around the world, but he doesn’t have enough money.

❒ He should borrow money from the bank.

❒ He should work hard.

❒ He should forget about traveling.

2. Henrietta wants to go to Italy, but she doesn’t have a friend to go with her.All of her friends have to work.

❒ She should go by herself.

❒ She should go with a group from a tourist agency.

❒ She should forget about going to Italy.

3. Marina wants to study archeology, but her parents want her to study

medicine.

❒ She should become an archeologist.

❒ She should study medicine.

❒ She should try to explain her feelings to her parents.

4. Your Italian friend wants to learn English.

❒ He / She should travel to an English-speaking country.

❒ He / She should read books in English.

❒ He / She should take a course.

✔

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2

Quartet 232

F Read the letter and write a short note giving advice.

Dear Margaret,

I have a problem that I hope you can help

me with. I studied archeology at the

University. When I graduated, I got a great

job in a museum. I really love the job.

Recently, I got an offer to go to Italy for two

months on an archeological dig. It’s the

chance of a lifetime. The problem is, I’ll

have to give up my job if I go.What should I do?

Confused

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2

Quartet 233

The History of Ancient Pompeii

The Oscans, an ancient group of people, built Pompeii in about 600 BC. TheRomans conquered it about five hundred years later in 80 BC. Pompeii soon

became a vacation resort for wealthy Romans. When they wanted a vacationaway from the heat of Rome, they went to Pompeii because it was close to thesea.

In 62 AD, a terrible earthquake Pompeii. It destroyed the city but the survivors

rebuilt it. In 79 AD, a second earthquake hit Pompeii. Mount Vesuvius, a volcanonearby, erupted, and the lava completely covered Pompeii. More than 2,000people died there, but most of the wealthy people were not in Pompeii then. Thecity stayed untouched for more than 1,600 years.

In 1748 archeologists rediscovered Pompeii. The city was exactly as it was in79 AD. They learned a lot about the people there. They learned about theirhomes, their food, and what they did for entertainment.

Today, around 2 million tourists visit Pompeii every year and can see the remainsof ancient Roman life.

Some Words

conquerentertainmenterupt

vacation resortlavarediscover

survivorvolcanowealthy

Something to Read

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2

Quartet 234


1. _____ The Romans built Pompeii.

2. _____ Pompeii became a vacation resort for wealthy Romans.

3. _____ Mount Vesuvius erupted in 90 AD.

4. _____ At least 2,000 people died in Pompeii.

5. _____ The Romans conquered Pompeii in 80 BC.

B Answer the questions.

1. Why did the Romans go on vacation to Pompeii?

2. When did archeologists rediscover Pompeii?

3. What do archeologists know about the Romans and Pompeii?

C Arrange the sentences in the correct order.

a. _____ It became a vacation resort for wealthy Romans.

b. _____ The lava from the volcano destroyed Pompeii.

c. _____ Mount Vesuvius erupted.

d. _____ Archeologists rediscovered Pompeii in 1748.

e. _____ The Romans conquered Pompeii.

f. _____ The Oscans built Pompeii.

g. _____ Many people died.

Some Practice

f

3

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2

Quartet 235

D Match the words in A to the definitions in B.

A

1. ___ to erupt2. ___ resort3. ___ to conquer4. ___ to rediscover

5. ___ entertainment6. ___ lava7. ___ volcano8. ___ wealthy

9. ___ survivor

B

a. a place where people often gofor vacations

b. things that amuse or interest peoplec. to find again

d. the hot melted rock that comesout of a volcano

e. to win a warf. rich

g. to explodeh. a mountain that sometimes

explodes

i. a person who is still alive

A Answer the following questions about The History of AncientPompeii.

1. Where do you think this text is from?2. Do you like to visit ancient sites? Why or why not?

3. For how long did Pompeii lay hidden until it was rediscovered in 1748?

B What do you know about the natural disasters in the picturesbelow? Give an example of a disaster that you know about.

hurricane forest fire earthquake flood

What Do You Think?

g

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2

Quartet 236

Find out about an ancient site and write a report about it. Yourreport should contain answers to the following questions.

1. Where is the site?

2. What can people see there?

3. Who lived there?

4. When did people live there?

On Your Own

C With a partner, choose one of the natural disasters in exercise B.

Make a list of at least five things that you think you should doduring a disaster of this kind.

Example: During a flood, you should try to climb as high up as possible.

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Quartet 237

PART 2: MORE ABOUT POMPEII

Before You Start

Language Point

Connectors of Contrast: even though, although, though, but

Florence: This is Florence Yargo, reporting live from Pompeii. I’m talking toGuido Palmero, a local tour guide. Guido, tell us about Pompeii.Is it still the way it used to be?

Guido: Well, Florence, though we try hard to take care of the ruins, it isn’tas nice as it used to be.

Florence: Why is that?

Guido: We have many tourists every year. Even though most of them

respect the site, they still cause damage to the ruins.

Florence: What about the weather?

Guido: The weather also damages the ruins, although it takes a long

time for this to happen.

Florence: What are you doing about the problem?

Guido: It’s difficult, but there is a solution. We’re repairing the damage.We want the ruins to stay as nice as possible.

Florence: Great, Guido! I hope it goes well. Thank you for talking to us.

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2

Quartet 238

Correct these sentences.

Example: Florence Yargo is a tour guide.Florence Yargo is a reporter. Guido Palmero is a tour guide.

1. Pompeii is not damaged.

2. Tourists and earthquakes damaged the ruins at Pompeii.

3. There is no solution to the problem at Pompeii.

4. The workers at Pompeii are painting the ruins.

Connectors of Contrast

• We use Connectors of Contrast to show a difference or contrast betweentwo ideas.

• Connectors of Contrast link two ideas.• The clause with although or even though can come first or second in the

sentence.

Examples:Even though the trip was expensive, we still decided to go.

We decided to go even though the trip was expensive.

• But always comes at the beginning of the second clause.

Example:

I like Pompeii, but I prefer Rome.

Some Grammar

We had a nice trip. It was cold.

We had a nice trip even though/although/though it was cold.

Even though/although/though it was cold, we had a nice trip.

We were very tired. We continued dancing.

We were very tired but we continued dancing.

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Quartet 239

A Match A to B to complete the sentences about Pompeii.

Some Practice

1. ___ We had a wonderful vacation,

2. ___ We wanted to visit Pompeii,

3. ___ There was an earthquake in

62 AD,4. ___ Some people remained in

Pompeii,

5. ___ Pompeii was completely

destroyed,

6. ___ Even though there is a very

quick bus to Pompeii from

Rome,

a. although it was dangerous.

b. we decided to rent a car and drive.

c. even though it was too short.

d. although the city was not completelydestroyed until 79 AD.

e. and no one lived there again.

f. but we didn’t have enough time to

go there.

A B

B Where is the contrast? Put the connector in the correct place sothat the sentences make sense. Remember to use capital letterswhere necessary.

1. ________ we take care of the city, ______ it still doesn’t look nice(although)

2. _______ there is damage to the buildings, ______ we do have a solution.(though)

3. _______ I work in Pompeii, ______ I live in Rome. (but)

4. _______ the weather damages the buildings, _______this doesn’t happenstraight away. (even though)

5. _______ we are repairing the buildings, ___________they won’t be as goodas they were in the past. (although)

Although

c

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2

Quartet 240

C Choose the best ending for each sentence.

1. Although I travel all over the world,

a. I enjoy traveling.

b. my favorite country is Italy.

2. Even though archeologists know a lot about life in ancient Rome,

a. they still don’t know everything.

b. they know how the ancient Romans lived.

3. Although an earthquake hit Pompeii in 62 AD,

a. the volcano erupted in 79 BC.

b. the the city was only destroyed in 79 AD.

4. Archeologists rediscovered Pompeii in 1748,

a. although it was there for more than 1500 years.

b. although many tourists now visit the city.

5. Although Pompeii was a vacation resort for wealthy Romans,

a. most of the wealthy people were not there when the volcano erupted.

b. they liked it because it was next to the sea.

6. Even though we enjoyed our vacation in Italy,

a. we want to go again next year.

b. it was good to get back home.

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2

Quartet 241

D Imagine that you went on vacation to Italy last summer. Your

partner wants to find out about your trip by asking the questionsbelow. Answer using although / even though. Then swap roles.

Example: How was the trip to Italy?The trip was OK, although it rained a lot.

1. Did you have fun in Italy?

2. Did you like the hotel?

3. Was the weather nice?

4. Did you enjoy the food in Italy?

5. Was Pompeii interesting?

E Complete these sentences and compare your answers with apartner. Discuss your reasons.

1. Although I want to travel, ____________________________ .

2. My favorite place to visit is ____________________________ , even though

____________________________ .

3. Though I like ____________________________ , ____________________.

4. Although I learned a lot about Pompeii in this chapter,

________________________ .

5. Though I want to learn English, ____________________________ .

6. Even though some people say _______________________ is a waste of

time, I ______________________________ .

7. I want to ________________________ , but _____________________ .

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Quartet 242

Sonia: I have two week’s vacation in June. Let’s go to Italy. It’s supposedto be a beautiful country.

Michaela: I’d love to, but I have to work in June.

Sonia: You haven’t had a vacation this year. Why don’t you ask for time off?

Michaela: I have vacation time, but I can’t really go on a vacation.There’s nobody to take care of my dog.

Sonia: My daughter will take care of your dog. She loves animals.

Michaela: That’s a good idea, but I don’t really have the moneyto travel right now.

Sonia: It sounds like you’re making excuses. What’s the real reason you

don’t want to go to Italy?

Michaela: Well, the truth is that I’m afraid to get on an airplane!

Language In Use

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2

Quartet 243

Are these sentences true or false?

1. _____ Sonia wants to go to Italy with Michaela.

2. _____ Michaela has already had a vacation this year.

3. _____ Michaela is afraid to get on an airplane.

4. _____ Sonia’s daughter doesn’t like dogs.

5. _____ Michaela has a dog.

6. _____ Michaela says that she doesn’t have the money to travel.

Language Function

We make an excuse when we don’t really want to do something or to defend

our behavior. We use words and expressions like:

but…because…

I’m sorry but I can’t…

I’d love to but…

I’m afraid I really should….instead of…

A Check ( ✔ ) the sentences that are excuses.

1. ___ I’m late because I missed the bus.

2. ___ I don’t want to go to Rome.

3. ___ I’d love to meet you at the Colosseum but I don’t have time.

4. ___ I can’t walk around Rome with you because my legs hurt.

5. ___ I can’t go to Italy right now because I don’t have any money.

6. ___ I’m really tired. I think I’ll go back to the hotel and sleep for a while.

Some Practice

t

✔

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Quartet 244

B Match the invitations in A with the excuses in B.

1. ___ Do you want to go to the

Circus Maximus with me?

2. ___ Would you like to go to Italy

this summer?

3. ___ I’m eating dinner at the

Pompeii Seasons tonight.

Would you like to come?

4. ___ Do you want to get the bus

to Rome with me?

5. ___ Would you like to eat at the

Pompeii Café with me?

a. I’d love to, but I have to work this

summer.

b. If only I could. I’m afraid I’m busy

tonight.

c. I’m sorry but I have to take the

children to the museum.

d. Thank you, but I don’t feel well.

e. I’d like to go with you but I never

travel on buses.

A B

CRead the following situations and write sentences makingexcuses. Use I’m sorry but…I’d like to but…I can’t because.

Example: You were late for your lesson.

I’m sorry that I was late, but I had car trouble.

1. You aren’t in the mood to go out.

2. You don’t really want to travel with your friend this summer.

3. You accepted a dinner invitation a long time ago, but you heard thatsomeone you don’t like will be there.

4. You forgot to pay someone for the shirt that he bought you in Europe.

c

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2

Quartet 245

D Invite your partner to the places below using the questions.

You may add your own questions as well. Your partnermust make up excuses explaining why he or she can’t go.

Example: Do you want to see a movie about Pompeii?

I don’t have my glasses with me, so I can’t go to a movie.

1. There is a tour of Rome at 2:00 pm. Do you want to go?

2. Do you want to have dinner at the spaghetti restaurant?

3. I am going on a hike this afternoon. Do you want to come?

4. My aunt and uncle live just outside Rome. Do you want to meet them?

5. Do you want to go shopping? The clothes in Italy are beautiful.

E Pick one of the situations in exercise D and role-play a

conversation. Try to convince your partner to do the activity.Your partner must think of as many excuses as possible forsaying no. Use the conversation in Before You Start as anexample.

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2

Quartet 246

Fill in the missing words and complete the crossword puzzle.

Across

3. Another word for rich is _______________ .7. Another word for very old is _______________ .

8. The __________ built Pompeii.9. The Romans ______________ Pompeii in 80 BC.

10. TV, plays, shows, and concerts are kinds of __________.

Down

1. To find something again is to _______ it.2. Mount Vesuvius is this type of mountain.

4. A place to relax is called a _______________ .5. This comes out of a volcano: _______________6. A person who visits places around the world is called a

__________________ .

Some Fun

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Quartet 247

Write a short note to a friend, making an excuse. Explain asnicely as possible why you can’t come to an event. Below aresome examples of events that you could use.

his/her wedding a dinner party

a birthday party

Facts:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

On Your Own

What Did You Learn?

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Language point Example

Modals: should, shouldn't

Contrast Clauses

U N I T

2

Quartet 248

Word Meaning

Words:

Language points:

Crossword Answers

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U N I T

3L e g e n d s

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U N I T

3

PART 1: ABOUT LEGENDS

Relative Clauses

Sylvia: Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me. Are you the man who is the

expert on African legends?

Ngaida: Yes, I’m the storyteller. Do you want to hear a legend?

Sylvia: I’d love to. But first, can you tell me a little bit about these legends?

Ngaida: Of course. Many African stories explain the world around us and try toteach us something.

Sylvia: What types of characters can you find in these legends?

Ngaida: A lot of the stories talk about animals that have human qualities. Theycan speak, and they have emotions. Often the stories have evilcharacters who are like the characters in legends and myths from allover the world. Remember the evil stepmother in the Cinderella story?And the wicked witch in Hansel and Gretel ?

Sylvia: Oh yes. I remember those stories from my childhood. Do youhave a favorite legend?

Ngaida: There is one story which I think is wonderful. It’s about a snakewhose pride almost ruined him. Maybe I’ll tell it to you later…

Quartet 250

Language Point

Before You Start

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Relative Clauses

I know a man who loves to tell stories.

There is one story which / that is wonderful.

I spoke to a tourist whose name is Sylvia.

U N I T

3


1. ____ Many African legends talk about nature.2. ____ The Cinderella story is an African legend.

3. ____ Africa is the only country in the world that has legends.

4. ____ There are evil characters in many legends.

5. ____ African legends never talk about animals.

Quartet 251

Some Grammar

• Relative Clauses add information to the sentence. They give informationabout a noun (person, animal, place, thing).

• Relative Clauses that begin with who describe people.Example: I know a storyteller who lives nearby.

• Relative Clauses that begin with which describe animals and things.

Example: This is a legend which comes from Africa.

• Sometimes, the word that can replace who and which .Example: There are many stories that teach us something.

• Relative Clauses that begin with whose show possession. Whose replaces

his, her , or their in a Relative Clause. It can also replace its , when referringto things.

Example: There’s a man here whose stories are interesting.

• When the relative pronoun (who / which) is the the object of the RelativeClause, we can leave it out. Notice that there is a noun (or pronoun)between the relative pronoun and the verb in the Relative Clause.Example: There’s the storyteller who I know.

= There’s the storyteller I know.

t

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3

A Complete the sentences below by underlining the correct word inparentheses ( ).

1. Ngaida is a storyteller (which, who ) lives in Africa.

2. There are many African legends (which, who) are about animals.

3. There were many trees (that, who) died.

4. This story is about a snake (whose, who) legs were taken away.

5. Sylvia is a tourist (which, who) loves to hear stories.

6. I know a legend (who, that) is very interesting.

7. I met a man (which, whose) job is storytelling.

B Put a check (✔) next to the sentences where who or that can beleft out.

1. ____ Sylvia is the tourist who I talked to today.

2. ____ There are many people who listen to his stories.

3. ____ This is the village that we visited on our last vacation to Africa.

4. ____ The story that he’s going to tell me is "How the Snake Lost HisLegs."

5. ____ There are thousands of people who travel to Africa every year.

6. ____ He’s the man who told me about legends.

Quartet 252

Some Practice

✔

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U N I T

3

C Choose the correct ending to the sentences.

1. Legends are stories

a. that are passed down from generation to generation.

b. who teach us about nature.

2. "Cinderella" is a legend

a. which talks about a beautiful young girl and her evil stepmother.

b. who has a happy ending.

3. There are many storytellers

a. which enjoy talking about legends.

b. who live in Africa.

4. In many legends, there are witches

a. who do evil things.

b. which can fly.

5. There are many legends

a. which try to explain something about the world.

b. who talk about nature.

6. Sylvia is the friend

a. which visited Africa.

b. whose book of legends I borrowed.

Quartet 253

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U N I T

3

D Connect the sentences using who, which, whose, and that .

Example: This is a book of old stories.These old stories come from Africa.This is a book of old stories that/which come from Africa.

1. In Europe there are many legends about wolves.

These wolves live in the forest.

2. He told us a story about a snake.

The snake used to have legs.

3. Snow White is a story about a beautiful girl.Her stepmother was evil.

4. Snow White met seven dwarfs.

The seven dwarfs brought her to their house.

5. There is a storyteller in this village.

His stories are interesting.

6. Rapunzel lived in a tall tower.

The tower didn’t have any windows.

E Complete the following sentences. Give your own opinion.

Example: I enjoy stories that…I enjoy stories that have happy endings.

1. Countries that have many legends…

2. Animals that can talk…

3. Africa is a country that…

4. People who like to tell stories…

5. People who like snakes…

Quartet 254

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Quartet 255

F Look at the picture and read the poem. Then write your own

poem.

This is the houseThat Jack built.

This is the kitchen

That is in the house

That Jack built.

This is the cook

Who cooks in the kitchen

That is in the house

That Jack built.

U N I T

3

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U N I T

3

How the Snake Lost His Legs*

Long ago in the land of Africa, the moon looked into the future and saw that therewouldn’t be any rain that year. She told all of the people, birds, and animals that

the area was going to turn into a desert. Because the moon had magicalpowers, everyone believed her. They became frightened and ran away. Only thesnake stayed.

At that time, the snake had legs like all the other animals. But the snake wasproud, and wanted to stay in his home. "I am not worried," he said. "I havestrong legs and I can walk for miles. I can leave whenever I want."

Many days passed and there was no rain. The trees began to die and the landbecame dry. The snake decided that it was time to leave. He began a long, long

journey through the dry desert. After a while, he became tired and hot and he

couldn’t walk anymore. He fell to his knees. He begged the moon to help him get

through the desert. "I am not an evil creature," he said. "I don’t deserve to diealone in the desert." He promised that he would never be proud again. The moonlooked down at the snake and felt sorry for him. She took away the snake’s legs,and the snake slid through the sand and crossed the desert easily.

The snake never walked on two legs again, and from that day on he gave up hispride.

* When animals are pets or have human characteristics, we can use he, she, andwho.

Quartet 256

Something to Read

Some Words

ran awayevil

frightened

magicalproud / prideslid

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U N I T

3


1. ____ The snake was very proud.

2. ____ The snake left with the other animals.

3. ____ The moon took away the snake’s legs.

4. ____ After the snake lost his legs, he was still proud.

5. ____ The moon felt sorry for the snake.


1. What did the moon see in the future?

2. Why did everyone believe the moon?

3. Why did the snake stay behind?

4. When did the snake decide to leave?

5. Did the snake finally cross the desert? How?

C Match the words in A to their meanings in B.

Quartet 257

Some Practice

1. ____ slid

2. ____ proud

3. ____ evil

4. ____ journey

5. ____ frightened

6. ____ magical

a. trip

b. very bad

c. moved smoothly

d. afraid

e. with special powers

f. thinking too much of yourself

A B

t

c

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U N I T

3

A Answer the questions below about the legend How the SnakeLost His Legs.

1. What does the story try to teach us?

2. How do you know that this story is an African legend?

3. In your opinion, why is the main character in this legend a snake?

4. Can you think of a different title for the legend?

5. Are there any legends about animals in your culture?

B Write at least three sentences giving a new ending to the story.Share your ending with your partner.

C With a partner, continue the conversation with Ngaida about thestory How the Snake Lost His Legs. Ask the questions below,or add your own.

Interviewer: Hi, Ngaida. I really enjoyed the story "How the Snake LostHis Legs." Can I ask you some questions?

Ngaida: Of course.

1. What is a legend?

2. Why is this story a legend?3. Why is "How the Snake Lost His Legs" your favorite legend?4. Do you know who wrote this story?

5. Do you think the snake is an evil character?6. What does the story try to teach us?

Quartet 258

What Do You Think?

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U N I T

3

Choose one of the topics and write your own African legend.Your story should explain something in nature.

1. What causes rain/clouds/thunder and lightning?

2. Why do elephants have trunks?

3. Why do zebras have stripes?

4. Where does the sun / the moon come from?

Quartet 259

On Your Own

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Quartet 260

U N I T

3

Dana: Good morning, Professor Tranter. I’d like to start my

assignment on urban legends, and I have some questions.

Professor Tranter: What do you want to know?

Dana: What exactly are urban legends?

Professor Tranter: They are stories that are told over and over again. They are

always said to be true by the people who tell them, but theyare usually not true. They usually begin with "a friend of afriend told me that…"

Language Point

Before You Start

PART 2: URBAN LEGENDS

Present Passive

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Quartet 261

U N I T

3


True False

1. Dana is one of Professor Tranter’s students.

2. Most urban legends are true.

3. Alligators live in the sewers of New York City.

4. Urban legends help people understand their

society.

5. Urban legends are about things that areenjoyed by all the people in a society.

6. Professor Tranter believes the story he told

Dana.

Dana: Those stories always sound too crazy to be true.

Professor Tranter: Exactly, although they are based on things thatreally happened. Like most legends, they help people tounderstand the rules and values of society. Often, they are

about things that are feared by the people in a society.

Dana: Can you give me an example, Professor?

Professor Tranter: No problem. Several years ago, many New Yorkers boughtalligators as pets. They later set them free because theywere too difficult to take care of. These alligators went into

the sewer system, and grew larger and larger. Nowthey’re living under the city…

Dana: Stop, Professor, you’re scaring me!

Professor Tranter: But the story is true, I promise! A friend of a friend told it tome.

✔

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U N I T

3

Present Passive

Quartet 262

Some Grammar

BE Past

present Participle

I am told that the story is true.

The Professor / is asked many questions every day.

He / She

Urban legends / are repeated many times

They

I ‘m not, am not taught by Professor Tranter.

He / She isn’t asked to tell stories very often.

These stories aren’t printed in books.

Am I taught by Professor Tranter?

Is he liked by his students?

Are these legends written in a book?Where are these legends told today?

Why is that story believed by everyone?

• We use the Passive when the action is more important than the person whodoes it.Example: Urban legends are told in every culture.

• We usually use the Present Passive to talk about processes.Example: Stories are first written by authors and then are sent to apublisher.

• We don’t need to say who did the action if it is clear or unimportant.Example: In my neighborhood, mail is delivered at 8:00 am.

Note:

1. The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed , like the past tense.2. The past participle of irregular verbs is often different from the past tense.

See page 167 for a list of irregular verbs.

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Quartet 263

A Fill in the missing words. Use the positive or negative form ofam, is, or are.

1. Urban legends ______ told over and over again.

2. In an urban legend, very often, someone who breaks a social rule _____

punished.

3. Baby alligators ______ kept as pets anymore.

4. Many of society’s values _____ explained through legends.

5. Urban legends ______ usually told to small children. Children prefer fairytales.

B What is your opinion? Check ( ✔) yes or no. Compare youranswers with a partner. Explain your answers.

C Complete the passage below with the verbs in the box. Use thePresent Passive.

Are urban legends similar to the ancient legends we all know and love? Both

types of legends (1) ___________ in every society in the world. Although ancient

legends (2) _______________ from generation to generation, urban legends

usually don’t last very long. They (3) ___________________ for a short period of

time, and then they (4) _____________________ by new ones. Although ancient

legends (5) _____ usually ___________ down, urban legends are mostly oral. In

both types of legends, we (6) ______________ something about the values of

our society. This is the main purpose of all legends.

U N I T

3

Some Practice

pass down repeat replace teach tell write

are

yes no

People are sometimes hurt by urban legends.

Even today, ancient legends are told more often than urbanlegends.

Urban legends are enjoyed by everyone.

Urban legends are forgotten very quickly.

Urban legends are repeated too often. They are a waste of time.

are told

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U N I T

3

D Rewrite the passage using the passive wherever possible.

First an unusual event occurs. It surprises and scares people. The newspaperwrites about the event. The television broadcasts a story about the event. Anauthor writes a book about the event. A moviemaker makes a movie about theevent. Everyone adds new "facts." In the end, people create a legend.

E Read the notices found on the notice board of The School ofLegends. In groups, answer the questions. Tell the class.

Quartet 264

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U N I T

3

Secretary: Birchland College, how can I help you?

Dana: Hello. I’m calling to get some information about a course that Iread about. It’s called "Ancient and Modern Legends."

Secretary: Oh, yes. That’s a fascinating course. It’s only offered this term.

Dana: Can you tell me who teaches the course?

Secretary: The course is taught by Professor Tranter.

Dana: Do you have any idea if the course is offered in the evenings?

Secretary: No, only during the day. It’s on Mondays and Wednesdays

from 2:00 - 4:00 pm.

Dana: Could you give me some information about enrolling in thecourse?

Secretary: Certainly. You can register in the main office any morning between

9:00 am and 12:00 pm.

Dana: Thank you very much for your help.

Secretary: You’re welcome. Enjoy the course!

A Make the following sentences true.

Example: Dana wants information about a professor at Birchland College.Dana wants information about a course at Birchland College.

1. The course that Dana wants to study is offered in the evenings.2. The course "Ancient and Modern Legends" is taught by the secretary.3. The course is on Friday afternoons from 3:00 - 6:00 pm.4. Dana has to register for the course in the History Department.5. The secretary thinks that "Ancient and Modern Legends" is a boring course.

Quartet 265

Language In Use

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U N I T

3

Language Function

Here are some of the expressions you can use to get information.

Can / Could you tell me if / when…I'd like to know if/when…

Do you have any idea if/when…

Could you give me some information about…

I need / I'd like to get some information about….

Quartet 266

A Check (✔) whether the person is asking for information or givinginformation.

Some Practice

asking giving

1. Do you know which legends we are going to talk

about in this course?

2. Dr. Tranter is available at 2:00 pm today.

3. A famous author wrote this story.

4. Could you tell me if this is the History Department?

5. The course begins on September 7.

6. Do you have any idea if every legend has a happyending?

7. I wonder if you could tell me what the difference is

between an ancient legend and a modern one.

✔

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U N I T

3

B What do you think is the best place or way to get information

about the subjects below? Explain your answer to your partner.Example:

facts about ancient mythology for a school assignment

Look in an encyclopedia because it has a lot of information in one place.

1. information about a course that interests you

2. the latest urban legend

3. an ancient legend called "How the Elephant Got His Tusks"

4. an article called "Urban Legends: Are They True?"

C Read the advertisement from The School of Legends andinterview a candidate.

Quartet 267

Use the cues below to ask questions:

previous experience in actingknowledge of legends

availabilityvoice trainingcontact with audience/fear of audienceflexibility in changing the program

Needed urgently:

AN ACTOR

WHO CAN TELL LEGENDS

Daily performances are required.

Loud and pleasant voice is needed.

Immediate availability!

Call Nick at 555-3389

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3

A Do you know who these people are? Use the answers in the box.

Example:

Who was the poor girl who married a prince? ________________.

1. Who was the man who slept for twenty years? ________________.

2. Who was the boy who never grew up? ________________.

3. Who was the girl in Greek mythology who became a tree? ____________.

4. Which Greek philsopher wrote stories about animals who can talk?

________________.

5. Who was the hero who stole money from rich people and gave it to thepoor? ________________.

Quartet 268

AesopCinderellaDaphne

Peter PanRip Van WinkleRobin Hood

Some Fun

Cinderella

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U N I T

3

B Complete the crossword puzzle using the clues below.

Across

3. Another word for trip is _______ .4. This woman might be married to your father, but she is not your mother.

6. Another word for "take the place of" is _______ .8. Another word for very bad is _________ .9. Another word for an old story that teaches us something is ______ .

Down

1. Another word for afraid is _____ .2. Another word for legend is _______ .5. Witches and wizards have _____ powers.

7. If you do something well, you feel _______ .

Quartet 269

9

7

1

R

1 2

3

4

5

8

6

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U N I T

3

Write a paragraph about legends in your culture. Answer some ofthese questions.

1. Which legends are told over and over again?

2. Do most of the legends in your culture try to teach something?

3. Do any of the legends in your culture talk about nature or animals?

4. Do any of the legends in your culture include evil characters? Who are

they?

Facts:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Quartet 270

On Your Own

What Did You Learn?

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Quartet 271

U N I T

3

Words:

Language points:

Word Meaning

Language Point Example

Relative Clauses

Present Passive

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(from page 69)

Quartet 272

U N I T

3

Crossword Answers

9

L E G E N D

U

O

R

7

P

A

C

I

GA

1

R

L

C ED

N

E

T

H

G

I

R

1

F

H E

N E

H

T

Y

2

M3

J O U

M O4

S T E P

P L

5

M

8

E V

6

R E

R

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U N I T

4 Another Legend –The Story Of Persephone

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U N I T

4

Quartet 274

PART 1: IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Result Clauses

Language Point

Before You Start

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U N I T

4

Quartet 275

Check (✔) the wrong sentences.

1. ___ The Greek people passed these stories down from generation togeneration.

2. ___ Stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes are called myths.

3. ___ The Greek people believed in gods, so they married them.

4. ___ Gods were ordinary people who could only do good things.

5. ___ Demeter missed Persephone.

6. ___ As long as Persephone was away, the earth was cold and dark.

7. ___ Persephone was the goddess of the flowers and trees.

8. ___ Demeter was the goddess of the harvest.9. ___ Hades was the King of the Underworld.

Some Grammar

• In order to show a result or consequence between two clauses we use so,therefore, such…that and so…that.

Examples:

Demeter was angry, so / therefore she made the world dark.= Demeter was angry. As a result, she made the world dark.

Greek legends are such interesting stories that we still read them today.= Greek legends are interesting stories. Consequently, we still read them

today.

• Note that therefore is more formal than so

Cause Result clause

He didn't know you were coming, so he left early.

Nothing grew, therefore there was no food.

She made such a good meal that we all ate it for lunch.

It was so hot (that) I had to go for a swim.

He ran so quickly (that) I couldn’t catch him.

Result Clauses

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4

Quartet 276

A Check (✔) the sentences that show a result or consequence.

1. ___ He wanted to find his daughter, so he asked for help.

2. ___ They were unhappy when Hades took their daughter.

3. ___ The god who lived in the Underworld fell in love with Persephone.

4. ___ Greek myths are such interesting stories.

5. ___ Nothing grew, so there wasn’t enough food.

6. ___ The gods and goddesses were such ordinary people that they fell in

love, got married, and had children.

7. ___ She is interested in Greek mythology, therefore she is studying Greek.

8. ___ She said that the Earth would be cold and dark until Persephone

came home.

B Match the sentence beginning with the sentence ending.

Some Practice

1. ___ Legends are so important

to us

2. ___ Every society has its owntraditions,

3. ___ We have such a strong

feeling about people in legends

4. ___ The Greek legends had so

many gods and goddesses

5. ___ Legends talk about nature

and human nature,

a. so every society has its own

legends.

b. that we pass them down fromgeneration to generation.

c. that we believe that they really

existed.

d. therefore we can learn a lot from

them.

e. that it’s difficult to remember them

all.

A B

b

✔

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4

Quartet 277

C Finish the sentences using the adjectives and clauses in the box.

Use so + adjective and that + clause.

Example:

1. The dog is ______________________________________.

2. The table is ________________________________________.

3. The English test is ___________________________________.

4. The sweater is ______________________________________.

5. My grandmother's ring is ______________________________.

D Connect each pair of sentences to show cause and result. Use theword so.

Example:

I was very excited about my vacation. I couldn't sleep.I was so excited about my vacation that I couldn’t sleep.

1. Demeter missed her daughter. She made the earth cold and dark.

2. The sun didn’t shine. Nothing grew.

3. Hades fell in love with Persephone. He took her to the Underworld.

4. The ancient Greeks believed in stories about gods and goddesses.

They told them to their children.

Adjectives Clauses

expensive I'm not going to wear it.

old I'm not going to buy it.

heavy everyone knows the answers.

big we can't carry it.

easy everyone is afraid of it.

so big that everyone is afraid of it

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U N I T

4

E Use such instead of so and write new sentences.

Example:

The book was so good that I couldn't put it down.It was such a good book that I couldn't put it down.

1. The room is so small that two people can't sleep comfortably in it.

It is _______________________________________________________.

2. The weather is so rainy that I need an umbrella.

It _________________________________________________________.

3. The movie was so boring that I fell asleep in the middle.

It _________________________________________________________.

4. The bus was so crowded that there was no room to sit.

It _________________________________________________________.

F Complete the conversation about Arlene's vacation. Use so and

such.

Jan: Tell us about your vacation, Arlene.

Arlene It was (1) _____ a fantastic vacation that we didn't want to leave. The

people were (2) _____ friendly, and everyone was (3) _____ helpful.

Jan: What was the weather like?

Arlene: Wonderful! It was (4) _______ hot and sunny that we were in the water

for hours. The water was (5) ________ clean and clear that you could

see right down to the bottom. I don’t remember (6) ________clearwater there before.

Jan: Was the food good?

Arlene: The food was (7) ___ good! There were (8) ________ good

restaurants that we didn't know which one to eat in every night. We

didn't stop eating for two weeks.

Jan: I'm so happy to hear that you had (9) ________a good vacation.

Arlene: Yes, we enjoyed everything (10) ________ much.

Quartet 278

such

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U N I T

4

G Read the rules below and play the chain game.

1. Write a sentence with a situation and a result on a piece of paper.

2. Pass the paper to the next person. He / She adds a new situation and result

sentence and passes the paper to the next person.

3. After five to six sentences, stop and read the story. The last person finishes

the story.

Example:

Person A: It started to rain, so Tomas stayed in the house.

Person B: There was nothing to do in the house, so he decided to eatsomething.

Person C: He wanted to eat pizza, so he called a restaurant and ordered apizza.

Person D: A very interesting woman brought the pizza to Tomas’ house, so

he invited her to come in and eat the pizza with him.Person E: She agreed to eat pizza with him, so they had a chance to talk.Person F: They talked and fell in love, so they got married. Now they eat pizza

together every day.

Quartet 279

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U N I T

4

Quartet 280

The Story of Persephone: A Letter to the Editor

Something to Read

Dear Editor,

I really enjoyed reading the storiesfrom Greek mythology. It made merealize that in ancient mythsanything is possible.

The story I liked the most was "NoNews Like Ancient News" about thekidnapping of Persephone. Why was

most of the story about QueenDemeter? We already know that shewas so sad and unhappy that theearth became cold and dark.There was no food, so peoplestarved.

What about Persephone? Hadeskidnapped her while she was

picking flowers and took her to theUnderworld. How could such a

terrible thing happen to the daughterof the powerful gods Demeter andZeus? We know that she wasunhappy in the Underworld. At first,she wouldn't accept any food from

Hades. Finally she agreed to eat theseeds from a pomegranate, marriedHades, and became the Queen of

the Underworld. Hades finally letPersephone live on the earth for sixmonths a year.

This legend tells us why we have

four seasons: winter, spring,summer, and autumn. For sixmonths of the year whenPersephone lives on earth and her

mother is happy, it’s spring andsummer. For the other six months

when she returns to theUnderworld, it’s autumn and winter.

Kidnapping was then and still is avery serious problem. It happened inancient times to powerful gods and itstill happens today.

Thank you for the amusing stories

and for informing us about thepeople of ancient Greece.

A pleased reader

Some Words

acceptagreeamusingancient

earthentertaininginformkidnap

mythologypomegranatepowerfulreturn

seasonsstarve

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4

Quartet 281

A

1. ___ ancient2. ___ spring3. ___ mythology

4. ___ kidnap5. ___ agree6. ___ pomegranate7. ___ return

8. ___ amusing

B

a. causing laughter or a smileb. have the same opinionc. very old

d. stories handed down fromgeneration to generation

e. round fruit with red seedsf. to go back

g. season when plants start to growh. to take a person without permission

A Match the words in A with their meanings in B.

B Use the correct form of the words from Something to Read tocomplete the sentences.

1. Hades _____________ to let Persephone return to the earth.

2. There was no food, so everyone ____________.

3. The ___________ Greek people believed stories about gods and

goddesses.

4. The Laurel Chronicle writes stories about ancient Greek

__________________.

5. The people of Greece enjoyed listening to such ____________ stories.

6. Demeter was sad when Hades _______________ her daughter.

7. Every year Persephone ____________ to earth for six months.

8. Demeter was the goddess of all growing things on _____________.

c

agreed

Some Practice

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4

Quartet 282

C Next to each sentence write (P) Persephone, (D) Demeter, or (H)

Hades.

1. ___ I screamed for help and dropped the flowers.

2. ___ I am the goddess of the seasons and the harvest.

3. ___ I live in the Underworld for half the year.

4. ___ I am King of the Underworld.

5. ___ I am so unhappy that nothing grows on the Earth.

6. ___ I gave Persephone the seeds of a pomegranate.

7. ___ I am married to Zeus.

8. ___ I want to make Persephone my wife.

9. ___ I am Zeus and Demeters' daughter.

10. ___ I am Zeus and Demeters’ son-in-law.

D Match the sentences in A to the results in B.

A B

P

1. People told stories about the gods

so ___

2. Hades came up from the

Underworld so ____

3. Hades wanted Persephone so __

4. Demeter was sad so __

5. The plants died so __

6. Persephone visited her mother so

__

7. Demeter was happy so __

a. people didn’t have anything to eat.

b. he kidnapped her.

c. spring came to the world.

d. they could explain things in the

world.

e. Demeter was happy.

f. he could find a wife.

g. the world became cold.

d

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4

Quartet 283

A According to this story, how did the seasons come intobeing?

B Do you know other stories about the seasons of the year? Sharethem with the class.

What Do You Think?

On Your Own

Choose a funny or amusing headline from the newspaper orcreate your own. Write a short newspaper article using that

headline.examples: Flying Horses Help Hero

Three-headed Horse Guards the Underworld

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U N I T

4

Quartet 284

PART 2: WHAT REALLY HAPPENED?

Modals: could, may, might

Language Point

Before You Start

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U N I T

4

Quartet 285

Old Man: I think that King Hades is a good man. He would neverkidnap anyone. Persephone is in love with him. She

looks happy.

Young Man: I think that Hades kidnapped Persephone, but shewanted him to do it. She might want to get away fromher mother.

Woman with: Persephone wanted to marry Hades, but she'llBaby want to see her mother after she has a baby.

Old Woman: Persephone looks very happy now, but we will have towait and see what happens. Things may change.

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Quartet 286

A Check (✔) the sentences that are not true.

1. ___ Everyone thinks that Persephone wanted to marry Hades.

2. ___ Everyone thinks that Demeter is very angry.

3. ___ Everyone thinks that Hades is an evil man.

4. ___ Everyone thinks that Hades kidnapped Persephone.

5. ___ Everyone thinks that Persephone is in the Underworld.

6. ___ Everyone thinks that there will be a happy ending to the story.

B Look at the newspaper articles in Before You Start again. Findthe words that answer the questions. When there is no answer,write "don't know."

1. How does Queen

Demeter feel?

2. Where doesPersephone live?

3. What does Demeter

want from her daughter?

4. How does Persephone

feel in the Underworld?

5. How does Persephone

feel about Hades?

6. What will Demeter do

if Persephone does not

return?

upset, angry, and

unhappy angry

The Mythological News The Hades Evening News

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Quartet 287

Modals

Some Grammar

• We use modals with the base form of the verb.

could

• We often use could (past ability) as the past of can (=ability).Example: I can’t run fast, but when I was young I could run 100 yards

(91 metres) in ten seconds.

• We sometimes use could in questions to request permission.Example: Could we talk to you for a minute?

• We use could with the verbs: hear, smell, see, taste, feel, remember,understand.Example: She spoke in a low voice but I could hear everything.

may / might

• We use may and might to talk about things that are possible now or in thefuture.Example: We may / might go on a short trip next week.

• We use may / might when we are not sure about something.Example: That may / might be the truth. I don’t really know.

Modal Example Meaning

Could Could I leave the table now? permission - question

He was an excellent tennis player. ability (past)

He could beat anybody.

You could be there on time if you hurried. ability

May It may rain tomorrow. possibilityMight You might fall if you're not careful. possibility

My uncle might not arrive on time.

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Quartet 288

A Complete the sentences in A with sentence endings in B, addingcould / couldn't .

Example: The Greek gods were like people, and they could do badthings as well as good things.

Some Practice

A

1. When Hades was a young man,he _______

2. Demeter _______

3. Finally Hades agreed thatPersephone _______

4. How _______

5. When Persephone lived on earth,she _______

B

a. _______ pick flowers

b. _______ make the worldbecome very cold.

c. _______ find a wife.

d. _______ return to Earth everysix months.

e. _______ such a terrible thinghappen?

B Circle the modal in each sentence and write its meaning:ability/permission/possibility

Example: He may come over tonight. _____________

1. Persephone may love Hades. _____________

2. Could I sit next to you? _____________

3. When she was a little girl, she could dance. _____________

4. Take a sweater with you. It might be cold. _____________

5. May I watch television until midnight? _____________

6. Persephone may miss her mother. _____________

7. Persephone might like living in the Underworld. _____________

8. People could die in the cold weather. _____________

9. Some plants might still be alive after the winter. _____________

possibility

c

couldn’t

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Quartet 289

C Write sentences with may or might .

Example: Perhaps I will go to the Underworld.I may go to the Underworld.

1. Perhaps I will see my daughter tomorrow.

2. Perhaps it will rain today.

3. Perhaps Hades will forget.

D Read the conversation between Hades and Persephone at dinner.

Complete the conversation with could, couldn’t, may, may not,and might . There is more than one correct answer.

Persephone: (1) ____________ I leave the table, please? My mother's here to

visit me.

Hades: Your mother's here in the Underworld? (2)__________ she let us

know before?

Persephone: It's a surprise for me too.

Hades: Sorry, my love. No, you (3)__________ leave in the middle of

dinner, but your mother (4)__________ join us.

Persephone: That's not a good idea. You (5)__________ get angry because she

(6)__________ ask me to come back to the earth and leave you.

Hades: You (7)__________ leave if you want to. But you (8)__________

like living on earth anymore. There are no birds or flowers anymore

and it's very cold.

Persephone: I don't know what I want. I (9)__________ try to live there for a

while and then decide.

Hades: Well, I want you to be happy. I have another idea. You

(10)__________ live with me in the Underworld for six months and

then you (11)__________ go to your mother for six months. This

way you (12)__________ enjoy both worlds.

Persephone: Thank you darling. You’re really wonderful.

Could / May

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Quartet 290

E Write four things you can do now, that you couldn't do five years

ago.

Example: I can drive a car now but I couldn't five years ago.

1. _________________________________________.

2. _________________________________________.

3. _________________________________________.

4. _________________________________________.

F What could Demeter do to get her daughter back? Give her fivesuggestions using could.

Example: Demeter could search for her daughter.

1. __________________________________________.

2. __________________________________________.

3. __________________________________________.

4. __________________________________________.

5. __________________________________________.

G Hero myth

1. Each member of your group names one person he/she considers a heroand describes his/her special characteristics. Tell each other about yourheroes.

2. The group makes up a hero and writes a story which describes the person

and his/her life. Present your hero to the class. Each member of the grouptells part of the story.

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Quartet 291

H Talk to your partner about one of these conversations. What do

you think the gods will say?

1. Demeter tries to convince Persephone to leave the Underworld.Persephone wants to stay in her new home.

2. Demeter wants Persephone to visit her often. Hades only wants her to visitonce a year.

3. Persephone wants to move back to the Earth with Hades. Hades wants tostay in the Underworld.

Some Fun

A Read the rules below and play the game.

1. Take a piece of paper and write an opening sentence for a Greek myth.

2. Pass it on to your neighbour. They must read your sentence and add theirown. Make sure they fold the paper over before passing it to the nextperson.

3. Continue passing the folded story to at least ten people. Each person mayread only the last sentence before adding a new one.

4. Read the story aloud.

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Quartet 292

B Fill in the missing words and complete the crossword puzzle.

Across

4. Another word for very old is _____________ .6. Another word for come back is ______.

7. What you think about something is your ____ .9. Another word for very strong is _____________ .10. This is the opposite of disagree.

Down

1. In some places it snows during this season.

2. Green things that grow are called _____ .3. A woman is married to her ______ .5. A word that means very bad.8. This is a warm season - not summer.

10

9

8

5

3

7

4

1

2

6

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Quartet 293

A Write at least five sentences about things you may or might dothis year.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

B Write at least three sentences about Demeter, Persephone, andHades. What is your opinion of this myth?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Facts:

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

On Your Own

What Did You Learn?

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Quartet 294

Words:

Language points:

Word Meaning


Result Clauses

Modals: may

Modals: might

Modals: could

Crossword Answers

10A G R E E

N

I

R

9

P

8

S

O W E R F U L

B

I

R

R

E

5

T

E

O N

D

A

B

SU

3

H

7

O P I N

4

A N C I E NR

T

N

I

1

W

L

2

P

S

T

N

U R N6

R E

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5Nature & Adventure Vacations

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PART 1: WHY DO YOU DO THAT?

Purpose: in order to, so that, because

Quartet 296

Language Point

Before You Start

T h e P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l e r

By Clark Trinton

Our Namibian safaristarted in Windhoek wherewe got on the hot airballoon. Our first stop was

the Sossusvlei wildernesscamp, built near the top ofa mountain overlooking20,000 acres of openplains and tall mountains.We stayed there for twodays so that we wouldhave enough time to visitthe Sossusvlei Dunes and

look at the desert plantsand animals. On the thirdday we flew over thedunes and the surroundingarea. At noon we stoppedat Swakopmund in order

to tour the town and havelunch. That afternoon weflew to the DamaralandCamp. It’s a verycomfortable place withlarge tents and bathrooms.The next day we got upearly so that we could goon a long nature drive and

later visit the rockpaintings.On day five we flew fromDamaraland to OngavaLodge for two days. Thislodge has small houses

with bathrooms and air-conditioning. It is verypopular with touristsbecause you can sit onyour private balcony andwatch animals drinking atthe water hole. This timewe saw only a few animalsbecause there wasn’tmuch water. For two dayswe relaxed, watched the

animals, and went on ashort drive in the EtoshaNational Park. Because itwas so hot, we rested inthe afternoons. On dayseven, my friends andI flew from Ongava back toWindhoek in order to

catch a plane home.

A Balloon Safari in Namibia, Africa

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A Circle the correct answer.

1. Clark traveled to the Sossusvlei Camp by: hot air balloon , car , donkey ,

camel .

2. Clark traveled: alone , with other people , with animals .

3. They were in the balloon: seven times , five times , four times .

4. They saw animals drinking at a water hole at: Swakopmund , Damaraland

Camp , Ongara Lodge .

Purpose Clauses

• We use the words so , that, in order to, and because to answer the question

"what for?" and show the reason/purpose for an action.

• So that and because connect two sentences. In order to is followed by the

infinitive. The terms so that and because are followed by subject + verb.

Examples:

I work at the bank because I make a lot of money there. = reason

I study geography so that I can be a tour guide. = purpose or intention

Clark Trinton went on the safari in order to seethe sights of Namibia. = purpose or intention

Quartet 297

Some Grammar

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A Read Clark's diary and complete it. Use in order to, so that or because.

1. We went to Sossusvlei Dunes ____________ we could see the wild life

there.

2. We stopped at Swakopmund ____________ we wanted to tour the town.

3. We spent a day in Damaraland Lodge ____________ we wanted to relax.

4. We also stayed at the camp ____________ it’s in a good location and____________ you can go on nice trips from there.

5. We continued to Ongava Game Reserve ____________ we could see the

Dolomite Hills.

6. We spent another day at the Ongava Lodge ____________ enjoy a night

walk and drive through the Etosha National Park.

B Travelog Radio Station is interviewing Clark about his trip to

Namibia. Read the interview and fill in the missing words.

Radio interviewer: Welcome to our program once again.

Clark: Thanks a lot.

Radio interviewer: So Clark, why did you go on this balloon safari in Namibia?

Clark: (1.) ___________________________________________.

Radio interviewer: And why didn't you fly in the hot air balloon every day?

Clark: (2.) ___________________________________________.

Radio interviewer: Why didn’t you drive through Namibia instead of flying?

Clark: (3.) ___________________________________________.Radio interviewer: Why did you fly over the Sossusvlei Dunes?

Clark: (4.) ___________________________________________.

Radio interviewer: And why did you have to rest every afternoon? You’re still

very young.

Clark: (5.) ___________________________________________.

Radio interviewer: This really sounds like a fantastic tour. What are your future

plans? Our listeners want to know.

Clark: I can't really tell you (6.) ___________ I don’t know myself.

Quartet 298

Some Practice

I went on the safari in order to see the country

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C Fill in so that , in order to, or because. Then check ( ✔ ) the

answers that are true for you.

Quartet 299

A d v e n t u r e T o u r C l u bT h e o n e m a d e j u s t f o r y o u ! ! ! !

Jo in the Adven tu r e To ur C lub. Read the f o l l ow ing ques t i onsand check (✔ ) the co r r e c t answer f o r you .

1. Why do you want to join the club?

❒ _____________________ meet new people

❒ _____________________ I won’t have to plan my own trips

❒ _____________________ enjoy unusual trips

2. How do you want to travel?

❒ by car _____________________ I like my comforts

❒ by jeep _____________________ I can get to many exciting new

places

❒ by hot air balloon _____________________ I want to see every

thing from above

3. How are you joining us?

❒ with a friend _____________________ I don't like to travel alone

❒ alone _____________________ I won’t need to think of anyone

but myself❒ with my relatives _____________________ I want to spend some

time with them

4. When do you want to travel?

❒ in the winter __________ there aren't many tourists then

❒ in the summer __________ it's the only time I have a vacation

❒ any time is OK __________ I'm not working now

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D Compare your answers from exercise C with a partner. Do you

both have the same answers?

E Answer some of the questions below and read the answers toyour group. Explain.

1. Do you like adventure vacations?

2. Do you read travel guides before vacations?

3. Do you read mystery stories?

4. Do you like to travel by boat/plane/balloon/train?

5. Do you watch nature programs on television?

6. Do you want to learn English?

Quartet 2 100

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U N I T

5

Something to Read

Some Words

bottombreatheceiling

climateextinctionhumid

layerspollutionreserves

tribesvegetation

1.The world’s rainforests are located around the equator because the weather thereis humid and wet. The temperature is 80 degrees Fahrenheit all year and therainforests get 180 - 400 inches (457 to 1016 centimeters) of rain per year.

2.The largest rainforests are in Brazil, Zaire, and Indonesia. Smaller ones are in Hawaiiand the islands of the Pacific and Caribbean.

3.The people who live in the rainforests are Indian and native tribes of other origins.There are a thousand or more groups of people who live in the forests around theworld. Their numbers are going down every year, and in some places they are closeto extinction.

4.The tropical rainforest is divided into three main layers: the canopy, which is thegreen ceiling of the forest, the understory, where the young trees grow, and the

forest floor at the bottom of the forest where the vegetation grows.

5.The rainforests are very important. They influence and control the world’s climateand water reserves. They also help avoid pollution. Without rainforests we wouldn’thave clean drinking water or be able to breathe fresh air.

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A Answer the questions. Write the number of the paragraph whereyou found the answer.

1. What is a rainforest? ___________________________________________2. What kind of climate do you need for a rainforest? ___________________3. Why are the rainforests important? ________________________________

B What other questions can you ask about the rainforests? Write

them down and ask your partner. Report on any new facts youhave.

C Which of the two sentences has the same meaning as thenumbered sentence?

1. The rainforests help avoid pollution.___ The rainforests keep the air clean.___ The rainforests make the air dirty.

2. The rainforests influence the world’s climate.

___ The world’s weather is influenced by the rainforests.___ The weather of the rainforests influences the world’s weather.

3. Some tribes who live in the rainforests are close to extinction.___ There are fewer and fewer native people.___ There are fewer and fewer rainforests.

4. The tropical rainforests are divided into three layers.___ There are three parts to the rainforests.___ There are three types of rainforests.

5. The climate in the rainforests is hot and humid.___ The climate in the rainforests is like the climate in the desert.___ The temperature is usually around 80 degrees Fahrenheit and there’s

a lot of rain.

6. In some parts of the world, there are only limited reserves of water.___ In some places, there’s no water for drinking and farming.___ In some places, there isn’t a lot of water for drinking and farming.

7. There’s a lot of vegetation at the bottom of the rainforests.___ You can find plants at the lowest level of the rainforests.___ You can find plants below the rainforests.

Quartet 2 102

✔

Some Practice

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D Clark is visiting the Amazon rainforests and Lewis, the radio

interviewer, is on a safari trip in Africa. Their postcards gotconfused. Read the sentences and put them in the correct place inthe table below.

1. I’m sending you this postcard so that you can see where I am right now.2. It’s always wet here.3. A vacation like this is the best way to enjoy fishing, hunting, and sightseeing.4. Start saving your money so that you can come and join me on my next trip

to South Africa.

5. You were right about the beauty of the safari animals. The elephants,lions, impala, and buffalo are fantastic.

6. Regards to everyone at work.7. The visit to the safari museum is great. You can see the local jewelry.8. The postcard shows one of the last rubber tapper tribes in the Amazon.9. You can see the pictures when I get home.

10. I’ll call you as soon as I get back.

Quartet 2 103

About the safari About the rainforests In both postcards

1

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5

E Read the advertisement below and talk to a partner. Would you

like to go on a camping vacation like this? Why? Why not?

Quartet 2 104

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5

F What does the tour offer? The advertisement in exercise E tells

you what you can and can’t do and the things you can see inthe Grand Canyon.

Fill in the missing information.

Quartet 2 105

What you can do What you can’t do What you can see

sleep in the open air eat hamburgers the Colorado River

What Do You Think?

Talk to a partner about a vacation you want to go on. Chooseany of the vacations mentioned in the unit or any other possibletour. Explain why you want to go on this vacation. You can startthis way:

I want to go to … so that / because I …

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U N I T

5

Write a short postcard to a friend using the information in thisunit about the rainforests, the safari, or the Grand Canyon.

On Your Own

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5

PART 2: IT WAS CREATED MANY YEARS AGO

Past Passive

Quartet 2 107

Language Point

Before You Start

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5


1. ___ The website was rated as very good.

2. ___ Many people visit it.

3. ___ You can get a free vacation if you visit the site.

4. ___ It lists people who want to go on a tour with the company.

5. ___ The site was created by the World Wide Web.


1. Do you know who the web visitors are?2. Is it important to know who they are?

Quartet 2 108

Some Grammar

I, He, She, It was, wasn’t asked to leave.

You, We,They were, weren’t told to read the whole story.

I, He, She, was , wasn’t picked up by a friend.

You, We,They were, weren’t picked up by a friend.

Was, Wasn’t I, he, she, it taken to the reef?

Why/When were you, they invited to the party?

Why/When was, he, she followed by a detective?

Past Passive

• We use the Past Passive when we want to focus on the action and not on

the person who did it, or when the person who did the action is unknown.

Examples: These shoes were made by hand, not by machine.The cake was eaten as soon as it was brought to the table.

t

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U N I T

5

A Here are some facts about the Wilderness Tour in Australia. Arethe sentences Active or Passive?

Some Practice

1. The tour starts at 9:00 a.m.

2. The tourists are picked up at their hotel.

3. The tours that were booked ahead of time

leave first.4. Everyone gets a tape with an explanation

about the reef.

5. All the guides were trained by the AustralianMinistry of Tourism.

6. You can join the tour three times a day.

B Match the questions in A to the answers in B.

1. Where is the rest of the group? ___

2. Is this bungee safe? ___

3. Where were the cave paintingsfound? ___

4. Who invented the specialAustralian natural medicines? ___

5. How do we know about thesemedicines today? ___

6. What are we going to eat while weare on the tour? ___

a. We’re very careful here at“Adventure Bungee Tour ." Ourbungee was tested with heavyweights, so you don't have to worryat all.

b. They were discovered in therainforest of the Mossman Gorgenear the reef.

c. A special Australian meal wasprepared for you. We hope youenjoy it.

d. The other tourists were taken to theDaintree rainforest.

e. The secret of the medicines waspassed on from father to son.

f. The medicines were developed bythe people of the Kuku Yalanji tribe.

A B

Active Passive

d

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5

C Use the verbs in parentheses ( ) to complete the description of

the Great Barrier Reef.

THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

The Great Barrier Reef is in the Coral Sea off the coast of Australia. It is

more than 1,250 miles (2,012 kilometres) long.

It (1) ______________ (create) over 2,000 years ago. It (2) ___________ (form)

by the bodies of millions of tiny sea animals. During the years, many of the coral

reefs (3) ___________ (cover) by mud and (4) ___________ (destroy) by it.

In order to save the reef, a team of specialists (5) ___________ (form). They

prepared a plan to save the reefs. Money (6) ___________ (raise) through

donations and government gifts. Thanks to the actions that (7) ___________

(take), the site (8) ___________ (reopen) in 1965.

D Fill in the missing verbs. Use Active or Passive verbs in the past.

1. The guides on the tour ___________ (train) by the Ministry of Tourism.

2. The buses for the tour _______________ (leave) on time.

3. All the tourists ___________ (meet) in front of the hotel.

4. The tourists ___________ (tell) not to smoke on the bus.

5. The tourists ___________ (take) bottled water with them.

6. All the people on the coach _________________ (introduce) to each other.

7. Each person ___________ (ask) to tell his name and profession.

8. The bus ___________ (return) on time.

9. The tourists ___________ (be) very happy with their guide.

10. The guide ___________ (give) a large tip.

Quartet 2 110

was created

were trained

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5

E Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the Past

Passive.Tourist: Excuse me for being late for the tour. I (1) _______________ (give)

the wrong directions. I (2) _______________ (send) to another tour,not to this one.

Guide: Did you call the office? I (3) ____________ (not give) a message.Tourist: I tried calling your office but my phone (4) _____________

(disconnect).And the car I rented (5) ____________ (tow), so I had to find a taxi.

Guide: But you (6) ____________ (tell) not to rent a car. They aren’t verygood in this town. OK. You’re here now. You only missed the

introduction which (7) ______________ (give) by a person from theKuku Yalani tribe.

F You are on a walking tour and can't hear some of the things theguide is talking about. Fill in any suitable verb in the PastPassive.

Welcome to Kuku Yalanji Dreamtime Tours. I would like to start this tour of the

Mossman Gorge Reserve by telling you that the Kuku Yalanji tribes used to live inthe area of Cooktown and (1) ________________ to this area by the

government. In this one-hour walking tour, you will see the cave paintings that (2)

________________ by these tribes. The Kuku Yalanji are also famous for the

paintings and medicines that (3) ________________ by their ancestors.

You are welcome to visit our shop. All the items in the shop (4)

________________ by the people of the Kuku Yalanji tribe. Thank you for your

cooperation, and have fun on your tour!

G Answer the questions.

1. How long is the tour?2. What are the tribes famous for?

Quartet 2 111

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5

Tourist: Excuse me, can I reserve a tour for tomorrow?

Clerk: Sorry, we don't have a tour tomorrow.

Tourist: But your advertisement says that you have one every day.Clerk: Please excuse us but the guide is sick.

Tourist: What do you mean? Do you only have one guide?

Clerk: Sorry, the others are on vacation.Tourist: On vacation? This is high season.

Clerk: Please forgive me, but I'm new here.Tourist: What about the tour for Tuesday?Clerk: No problem.

Tourist: Good. How much is it?

Clerk: $185

Tourist: But your advertisement says $125.Clerk: I'm terribly sorry. You’re looking at an old advertisement.

Tourist: Well, maybe we should just forget about it.

Clerk: But why, sir? It’s a great tour!

Quartet 2 112

Language in Use

Day trips and river cruises to Kuranda Daintree.

• Operates daily.• Small groups.• Trained guides specializing in the nature of

the Australian reefs and rainforests.• Prices start from $125 per person.• Fully air-conditioned buses.

Read the dialog. You have $185 and want to go on the tourtomorrow. Is that possible? Why or why not?

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U N I T

5

Complaints Apologies

But your advertisement I’m terribly sorry. You’re looking

says you have one every day. at an old advertisement.

Language Function

When we feel bad about something we have done, we apologize and say thatwe are sorry. We sometimes add an explanation. We also apologize when wehear a complaint. Some expressions of apology are:

I’m sorry …Please excuse me.

Forgive me for …

Examples: I‘m very angry that there is no tour today. = complaint

Sorry , we don’t have a tour today, because the = apologyguide is sick.

Please excuse me , but I must leave right now. = apology

Please forgive me , but I’m in a terrible rush toget home. = apology

A Read the conversation on page 112 again and fill in the table.

Some Practice

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5

B Read the advertisement and the conversation on page 112 again.

Compare the promises made in the advertisement to theconversation. Fill in the missing information.

Quartet 2 114

Promises in the advertisement Facts in the conversation

C With a partner, role-play the dialog on page 112. You may makechanges.

D Write an apology under each picture.

1 2

43

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5

E Read the apologies and guess what the complaints were. Write

the complaints.1. Sorry about the delay. We usually start the tour on time. I think it’s the traffic.

2. Sorry for interrupting you, but this is an emergency.

3. Excuse me for losing your new map. I think I can get you a new one at our

next stop.

4. Excuse me, but this is a non-smoking area.

5. Sorry to intrude, but I was here first.

6. Excuse me. I think you’re in the wrong place.

1. ____________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________

F Role-play a situation.

Student A: Apologize and give a reason.Student B: Accept your partner’s apology.

1. You were late for the tour meeting. Your group is very angry with you.

2. You promised to cook dinner and forgot all about it.

3. You lost your friend’s guidebook. He/she is angry with you.

4. You lost your way because you didn’t listen to the guide.

Quartet 2 115

I’m extremely angry. Why are we late again?

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U N I T

5

Fill in the missing words and complete the crossword puzzle.

Across

4. When you are sick, this can make you feel better.7. A place where it rains a lot most of the year.8. Tall hills of sand are called ______ .

Down

1. Another word for the disappearance of an animal or native tribe is ______ .2. Another word for very wet is ______ .3. The weather conditions in a given place.5. To open something again is to ______ it.6. Millions of tiny sea animals died and formed coral _______ .

Quartet 2 116

Some Fun

8

6

5

3

7

1

4

2

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U N I T

5

Facts:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Quartet 2 117

What Did You Learn?

Words:

Language points:

Word Meaning


Purpose ClausesPast Passive

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Quartet 2 118

U N I T

5

Crossword Answers

8

D U N E SF

E

E

6

R

E

P

O

E

5

R

R S T

A

M

I

L

3

C

E

I7

R A N F

N

O

T

C

N

I

T

X

1

E

C I N E4

M E D

U

2

H

D

I

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U N I T

6H a w a i i

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U N I T

6

PART 1: WHAT IF…

Real Conditions

Quartet 2 120

Language Point

Before You Start

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Quartet 2 121

A Check (✔) the facts that are correct, incorrect or don’t appear in

the text.


1. Where can you find a text like this?

2. According to the advertisement, what is the best way to tour Hawaii?

3. Why are the Hawaiian Islands a good place for a vacation?

4. What do they grow on the Hawaiian Islands?

C In your opinion, what kind of person usually goes on a tour likethis? Compare your answer with other students in the class.

U N I T

6

correct incorrect not in the text

The helicopter is safe.

The company is at leastten years old.

You get a light meal on the

flight.

The flight saves youa ferryboat ride.

The helicopter leavesfrom Waima canyon.

You get a free hat.

✔

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U N I T

6

Real Conditions

Quartet 2 122

Some Grammar

Present - Condition clause Result

If you join us, you’ll save money.

If you like helicopter rides, you can join us on the tour.

If he doesn’t buy a plane ticket soon, he won’t be able to come to Hawaii

with us.

If it rains, will he go on the cruise?

If you’re in Hawaii, visit the volcanic mountains.

If you don’t go on a tour, you won’t see the islands.

• We use if clauses to talk about conditions.

• For a condition that is real or possible, we use if with the Present (not withwill. )

• Sometimes the if clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, andsometimes it comes at the end.

Examples:

If you join us, you’ll save money. = You’ll save money if you join us.

If you enjoy fresh fruit, = Come to Hawaii if you enjoy freshcome to Hawaii. fruit.

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U N I T

6

A Match A to B to complete the sentences.

Quartet 2 123

Some Practice

A

1. If people want to see somethingexciting in Hawaii, ___

2. If people want a vacation withgood weather, ___

3. If you want to try pineapple and

sugarcane, ___

4. If you see the Mauna Laovolcano, ___

5. If you want to improve yourhealth, ___

B

a. they’ll choose the HawaiianIslands.

b. you’ll find them growing on the

island of Oahu.c. they’ll go to the Hawaii Volcanoes

National Park on the "big island."

d. you’ll also want to see the othertwo volcanoes on the "big island."

e. visit the health resorts on theisland of Hawaii.

B Check (✔) the sentences that are true for you.Compare your opinions with other students inthe class.

1. __ Volcanoes sound exciting. If I have enough money,I’ll visit the Hawaiian Islands.

2. __ I have enough money. If I have enough time, I’ll go to the Hawaiian

Islands for a vacation.

3. __ There are many places I want to visit more than the Hawaiian Islands.But if there is a movie about the Hawaiian Islands, I’ll go and see it.

4. __ I don’t like hot places. If I have enough time and money, I’ll go to a coldplace like Alaska.

6. __ I like to stay home and read. I’ll read a book about the Hawaiian

Islands if I can find one in the library.7. __ I have many other things to think about. I’ll consider visiting the

Hawaiian Islands if I have time.

c

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6

C Read the three messages and use the words in the box to fill in

the missing if clauses.

Quartet 2 124

J e n n i e,

(1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ m y

f l i g h t ( 2 ) _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ o n

t i m e, ( 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

b e a t H i l o a t

4: 0 0 p m. T h e r e

’ s n o n e e d t o wa i t f o r

m e a t t h e a i r p o

r t i f I ’ m la t e.

I f ( 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ o n t i m

e,

( 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ y o u ( 6 ) _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

t h e p e o p l e a t t h

e h o t e l t o k e e p

m y

r o o m ? L o v e, M

a r k

H i K o st a ,

I w as i n a t er r i b l e r ush t o l eav e f o r t hehel i c o p t er t o ur . If y o u ( 1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ear l y , ( 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o u p l ease ( 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ me a f av o r and c al l M ar k ? T el l hi m ( 4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hi m i f I ( 5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t o o l at e.

T hank s a l o t ,

Gr eg

I f

w i l l

a r r i v e s

a s k

I ’ l l

I ’ m n o tI ’ l l c al l d o w i l l

ge t b ac k d o n’ t ge t b ac k

D Complete the conversation. Use the items in parentheses ( ).

Kosta: Hi, Mark. Greg called. (1) ______________________________________.(meet you later - be free this evening)

Mark: Where did he go?Kosta: On the helicopter tour. (2) _______________________.(sky clear - see

everything)Mark: Will he be able to see the volcanic mountains?

Kosta: I don’t know. (3) ___________________.(go on the special tour - be ableto see the whole island) (4) _____________________. (go on the shortflight - only see the city)

Mark: Are you going to meet him later?Kosta: Maybe. (5) ______________. (go to a nightclub - not return too late).Mark: But you don’t have any money.

Kosta: Yes, so (6) ___________.( have to pay - want me to go with him)

If

He’ll meet you later if you are free this evening

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6

E Read the safety rules and write sentences with if clauses.

Example: If you don’t drink bottled water, you’ll get sick.

1. ________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________

6. ________________________________________________

7. ________________________________________________

Quartet 2 125

Safety Rules in Hawaii

1. Drink only bottled water.

2. Travel with companies that have trained

guides (ask for a certificate).3. Rent cars from well-known companies.

4. Use licensed taxis.

5. Ask for receipts.

6. Don’t carry too much money with you.

7. Leave your passport at the hotel.

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Quartet 2 126

U N I T

6

Something to Read

Some Words

abundantedge(s)

exoticfertile

flowguided

majesticworth seeing

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U N I T

6


1. ___ Lava from volcanic eruptions created fertile land in Hawaii.2. ___ Volcanoes in Hawaii aren’t active.3. ___ Hawaii is sometimes called the "Paradise of the Pacific."

4. ___ There are no coral beaches in Hawaii.5. ___ There are exotic foods and fresh fish in Hawaii.

B Answer the questions about Something to Read.

1. Where can you see a text like this?2. Underline the words that describe the different places and things on the

island of Hawaii.3. How does the writer feel about the island of Hawaii?4. In your opinion, is it dangerous to visit the island of Hawaii?

C Match the words in A to the definitions in B.

Quartet 2 127

Some Practice

1. ___ abundant

2. ___ majestic

3. ___ to guide

4. ___ exotic

5. ___ worth seeing

6. ___ edge

7. ___ fertile

a. different or unusual

b. a good thing to see or visit

c. to lead or show someone the way

d. the place where something ends

e. able to produce good crops

f. a big amount

g. large and magnificent

A B

t

f

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6

D Read the conversation and fill in the missing words.

Nadia: After all this reading, I think I would like to see the island of Hawaii

first.

Boris: Why?

Nadia: I want to see the west part of the "big island" where they grow fruit. I

also want to see the area at the (1) _______ of the island, the one that

has the coral reefs.Boris: But it’s a health resort, and I’m not interested in (2) _______ fruits

and vegetables. I want a good piece of meat. Let’s start in Hilo. I hear

it’s (3) _________________ because it’s the largest city on the island

of Hawaii.

Nadia: I’d like to see the volcanoes. I hear that when they erupt the lava

(4)_________ onto the land below. This makes the land very

(5)_________ here.

Boris: You don’t think any of the volcanoes are going to erupt, do you?

E Boris is planning a vacation to Hawaii and is preparing a list oftourist tips. Complete his list and then write sentences with ifclauses.

Example:Visit the reefs. If you visit the reefs, you will see many types of fish.

Quartet 2 128

edgeexotic

fertileflows

worth seeing

edge

TOURIST TIPS – What to see in Hawaii

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Visit the reefs

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U N I T

6

A For each of the following places, write at least one thing youknow.

Example: There are three volcanic mountains rising out of the Pacific Ocean.

B Give your partner tourist tips about yourcountry/city/town or any other country/city/town that youchoose.

Example: If you go to Paris in the springtime, you will have wonderful weather.

Write a short postcard from Hawaii to a friend. Use theinformation about the Hawaiian Islands from this unit.

Quartet 2 129

What Do You Think?

On Your Own

1. coral reefs2. damage to the land on the

island3. exotic foods

4. fertile land on the island5. the island of Hawaii6. the largest city in Hawaii7. volcanic mountains

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U N I T

6

Language Point

Before You Start

PART 2: WHILE I WAS IN THE HAWAIIAN

ISLANDS…

Time Clauses

Read what Nadia and Boris wrote in their diaries. One is a morning personand one is a night person.

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6

A Check (✔) when the activities take place.

Quartet 2 131

sail boat ride aroundthe coast of the island ofHawaii

swimming lessons

glass-bottom boat cruise

bird-watching trip

sunset dinner cruise

visit to the HawaiiVolcanoes National Park

fishing trip

sunrise walk on the beach

yoga class

snorkel adventure around

the coast

Morning Afternoon Evening Not in the text


1. In your opinion, which diary entry belongs to Boris and which belongs to

Nadia? Why do you think so?

2. Are you a morning person or a night person? Compare with other people in

the class.

✔

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Quartet 2 132

U N I T

6

Some Grammar

• Time Clauses begin with after, before, when , or while.

• Time Clauses describe the time relation between two actions.Example: I’ll call you before I leave my house.

• Time clauses can be either the first or the second clause in a sentence. We

only use a comma to separate two parts of a time clause if the time wordcomes at the beginning of the sentence.Examples:

After I had three cups of coffee, I felt more awake.= I felt more awake after I had three cups of coffee.

• When talking about the future, we use the Present Simple after the timewords. Remember: don’t use will after the time word.Example: When I have time, I’ll go to Hawaii.

• We sometimes use when and while to show that one action interrupts

another action. Notice that the first action is in the Present Progressive and

the action that interrupts is in the Present Simple.Example: When / while I was relaxing on the beach, it started raining.

• We usually use while when two long actions occur at the same time.Examples:

Nadia was sailing while Boris was having lunch.

Time Clauses

When we were on the boat, we saw a whale.

Before I go on the hike, I’ll look at the guidebook.

We’ll meet at the beach after you eat lunch.

We bought new swimsuits before we went to Hawaii.

After I finished my dinner, I went on a sunset cruise.

While I was walking, the sun rose.

I was hiking on the island when I saw a strange-looking animal.

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Quartet 2 133

A Match A with B to complete the sentences.

B Complete the sentences using after , before, when, or while.Remember to use capital letters where necessary. There may bemore than one correct answer.

1. We’ll make plans for the evening ____________ we get back to the hotel.2. __________ we were sailing, the sun was shining.

3. __________ we had dinner, we went dancing in the hotel nightclub.4. We’ll take a helicopter ride around the island _____________ we finish our

lunch.5. I’ll visit Oahu ___________ I have a chance. Right now, I’m enjoying Hawaii

Island.6. I’ll write some postcards _______ I get back from the cruise. I don’t have

time now.7. _______ I get home, I’ll show you the pictures from the vacation.

8. On my next vacation, I’ll read the travel guide ______ I leave home. I’llenjoy the vacation more.

U N I T

6

Some Practice

1. ____ While she was watching the

sun rise,

2. ____ After I went swimming,

3. ____ We’ll send postcards to ourfriends

4. ____ While we were sailing

around the coast,

5. ____ I usually get home late at

night

6. ____ Before we go to the Hawaii

Volcanoes National Park,

7. ____ I’ll go for a swim

a. I dried off and relaxed on the

beach.

b. after lunch

c. our guide fell in the sea.d. when I go dancing.

e. we’ll read about volcanoes in the

guide book.

f. he was sleeping.

g. when we have time to write

to them.

A B

when

f

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6

C Complete the letter. Use after , before, when, or while. There

may be more than one possible answer.

Quartet 2 134

Dear Wallis,

Greetings from Hawaii. I’m spending two weeks at a photo camp on Hawaii

Island. I arrived yesterday and I’m having a terrible time. Here’s what

happened on the first day of my vacation.

(1) ______ I arrived at the camp, they put me in a room with six other kids.

I was unpacking my clothes (2) __________ two of the kids started an

argument. (3) ___________ the argument continued for a few minutes,

the other kids got involved. The room got so noisy that I couldn’t even

think. I left the room and went to eat lunch.

(4) __________ lunch, I went swimming in the sea. (5) ___________ I wassplashing around in the water, I saw a huge fish nearby. I thought it was a

shark, so I started screaming. (6) ___________ I got out of the water, I

realized that it was only a dolphin. Everyone laughed and I was so

embarrassed.

(7) ______________ I went to bed last night I called my parents and

asked them to get me out of here! I’ll call you (8) __________ I get home.

See you soon,

Roland

When

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U N I T

6

D Look at yesterday’s camp itinerary for the Hawaii Photo Camp.

Describe Roland’s and Harvey’s day to your partner. Use before

,after , when and while.

Examples: After he ate breakfast, Roland had swimming lessons.While Roland was swimming, Harvey was snorkeling.

Quartet 2 135

The Hawaii Photo Camp

time Roland Harvey

8 a.m. breakfast breakfast

10 a.m. swimming lessons snorkeling12 p.m. "get comfortable with your lunch

camera" class

2 p.m. lunch animal photography class

4 p.m. nature photography class nature photography class

6 p.m. free time expert photographer’s class

8 p.m. barbecue on the west part of barbecue on the west part

the island of the island

10 p.m. lights out lights out

E Complete the following sentences with information aboutyourself.

Example: Before I go swimming…Before I go swimming, I check to see if the water is warm enough.

1. When I go on vacation, I like…

2. After I wake up in the morning, I often…3. Before I went on my last vacation, I…

4. While I was eating dinner last night…

5. When I have time, I’ll…

6. After I came back from my last vacation, I…

7. When I finish my English course, I…

8. Before I go to bed, I usually…

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6

Agent: Can I help you?

Tourist: Yes, I’ll be here for a week and I would like to see as much as I can.

Agent: We have this very exciting “Go Gliding” tour.

Tourist: Oh no. That sounds very scary.

Agent: Why don't you try it? It's lots of fun!

Tourist: No chance! I’m afraid of flying.

Agent: Then why not go on the "Voyager Submarine" tour?

Tourist: Sorry, I don’t like to be in closed places.

Agent: Are you really sure you can't go on this tour? It's very safe.

Tourist: Really, no. I need something in the open air.

Agent: Then, why don’t you try the "Volcano Adventure Tour"? It’s perfect

for you.

Tourist: You must be joking! You want me to walk on a volcanic mountain?

Agent: Come on! It's a great tour. Everyone goes on it.

Tourist: I’m afraid not. Can't you find me a pleasant, quiet tour?

Agent: Then let me recommend the Luxury Limousine Service. They’ll take

you everywhere and you’ll never have to leave the car.

Tourist: That’s perfect!

Quartet 2 136

Language in Use

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Quartet 2 137

A Which of these tours does the tourist choose?

1. The Volcano Adventure Tour2. The Voyager Submarine Tour.3. The Luxury Limousine Tour.

4. The Go Gliding Tour.

B The agent is trying to persuade the tourist to take different kindsof tours and the tourist is unhappy with most of them. How dothey say it? Fill in the missing information in the table.

U N I T

6

Agent: persuasion

Why don't you try the gliding tour?

Tourist: refusals

No chance! I'm afraid of flying.

Language Function

When we want someone to do something, we give them reasons why it’s agood thing to do. We try to persuade them.

Examples:

Why don’t you try the snorkeling

tour / snorkeling? No way. (informal)

Why not try the snorkeling tour? Really, no.

Are you really sure that you can’t go? Sorry but I can’t.

Why don’t you try the gliding tour / gliding? You must be joking! (informal)

Let me recommend the submarine tour. I’m afraid not.

Come on. You can do it. (informal) No I can’t.

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Quartet 2 138

A Mr. Carter is trying to persuade Boris to rent a car so that he cantour the island. Complete the conversation using the words in thebox.

Mr. Carter: (1) ____________________ rent a car while you are here?

Boris: But I don't know my way around.

Mr. Carter: (2) ________________ that you get a good map of the island.

Boris: I'm on vacation! I don't want to work hard.

Mr. Carter: (3) _____________! I’ll give you a free map with all the tourist sites.

Boris: Sorry. I'm afraid I am not going to accept your offer. But thanks

anyway.

Mr. Carter: (4) ____________ use a taxi to see the island?

Boris: That's a great idea.

B Practice persuading your partner. Give him / her reasons for doingcertain activities. Your partner has to accept or reject yoursuggestions. Here are some ideas:

• go on a catamaran trip around the island

• see a movie that you like

• eat in a Polynesian restaurant that you like

• rent a car and travel around the island

• visit the volcanoes

Example:

You: Why don’t you try the catamaran trip around the island?It’s lots of fun.

Your partner: Sorry, but I don’t like boat trips.

U N I T

6

Some Practice

Why don’t you Come on Please

Let me recommend Why not

Why don’t you

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U N I T

6

Hula ShowThe island of Oahu is

the home of the

famous Hula Show,

performed outdoors

not far from Waikiki

Beach. Enjoy the view

of the historical part

of the island while

professional Hawaiian

dancers do their

famous Hula dance.

The show started in

1937 and is popular

with both residents

and tourists. There’s

seating for 2,000

people.

C You want to go to the Hula Show but your partner is

tired and wants to go back to the hotel to sleep. Read theadvertisement and persuade your partner to go with you.

Quartet 2 139

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6

Crossword puzzle

Across

1. A relaxing tripon a boat iscalled a _____ .

4. Places that arefar away fromthe center ofthe island are_____ .

5. This comes

out of avolcanowhen it erupts.

7. You can crossthe water inthis.

8. Landsurrounded bywater is calledan _____ .

9. Not man-made.

Down

1. A person who shows tourists around is called a ____ .2. A large, yellow fruit grown in Hawaii is a ____ .5. Another word for place is ____ .6. Another word for a lot of is ______ .

Quartet 2 140

Some Fun

9

6

5

7

8

2

1

3

4

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U N I T

6

Using the information that you learned in this chapter, write an

advertisement trying to persuade someone to come to Hawaii.

You may want to choose one specific island or a tourist site that

you liked.

Facts

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Quartet 2 141

On Your Own

What Did You Learn?

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Quartet 2 142

U N I T

6

Words:

Language points:

Word Meaning


Time Clauses: when

Time Clauses: while

Time Clauses: after

Time Clauses: before

Real Conditions

Crossword Answers

9

N A T U R A L

N

A

D

N

U

B

6

A

O A T

C

O

5

L A V A

N

O

I

T

7

F E R R Y

8

I S L A N

L

PP

A

E

N

I

2

P

M O T E

D

I

U

1

G

I S E3

C R

4

R

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U N I T

7Grammar Review

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U N I T

7

PART 1 : MORE PRACTICE

A Fill in the correct positive or negative form of the PresentSimple. You can use words more than once.

Alina (1) ______________ computers. She (2) ______________ a lot about

them, and she (3) ______________ a lot of time playing computer games. She

(4) ______________ very often, because she is always at home in front of her

computer.

When she (5) ______________ home from work, the first thing that she

(6) ______________ is to turn on the computer and check her e-mail. Then she

(7) ______________ an hour or more on the Internet.

Her roommates in the apartment really (8) ______________ her. They

(9) ______________ that she (10) ______________ a problem. But Alina

(11) ______________ . She is very happy.

Quartet 2 144

Some Words

dogetgo out

haveknowlove

spendthinkunderstand

agree

loves

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7

B Who are these people? Read the sentences and decide which

person goes with each picture.Both Sam and Virginia like to run, but Sam is faster than Virginia.

Philip is older than Mike.Mike is taller than Philip.Virginia is older than Philip.Anita is the oldest.Anita is taller than everyone except Sam.Sam is the tallest and also the youngest.Virginia is the shortest.

Quartet 2 145

Name: ____________

Born: April 25, 1980Height: 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm).Profession: chefInterests: French and Chinesecooking, traveling, classical music

Name: ____________

Born: November 17, 1971Height: 5 feet 7 inches (170 cm).Profession: electrical engineerInterests: computer games, sports,building model airplanes

Name: ____________

Born: September 9, 1965Height: 6 feet 4 inches

(193 cm).Profession: nurseInterests: sports (especiallyrunning), music, gardening

Name: ____________

Born: January 10, 1958Height: 6 feet (183 cm)Profession: lawyerInterests: mystery books,movies, dancing

Name: ____________

Born: April 24, 1974Height: 5 feet 5 inches

(165 cm).Profession: dog trainerInterests: animals, bakingbread and cakes, running

A

C D E

B

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7

C Look at the picture. Using the Present Progressive, describe what

the people are doing. Use the words below to help you.

Example: A woman is feeding the birds.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

feed birdsplay balllie on the grass

read a newspapersit in the parksleep

talk on the telephone

Quartet 2 146

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7

D Ask a partner questions about a book or a movie he/she knows.

Write down his/her answers.Example: Who is the main character?

The main character is Tom Sawyer.

E Complete the passage using Present Simple ( she works ) andPresent Progressive ( she’s working ).

It is Wednesday afternoon in the Pizanti family house.

4:00 PM:

Annette (1) ______________ (wash) the dishes. She always (2) __________

(wash) the breakfast dishes when she (3) __________ (come) home from school.

She usually (4) __________ (do) many things in the house because she

(5) __________ (want) to help her mother.

Her younger brother Harry (6) __________ (watch) television now. He never

(7) __________ (help) in the house after school. He (8) __________ (think) thathousework is for girls, but he never (9) __________ (say) that to his sister.

5:00 PM:

Elizabeth Pizanti is now home from work. She (10) __________ (cut) vegetables

for supper and Annette (11) __________ (help) her. Harry (12) __________

(set) the table. He still (13) __________ (think) that housework is for girls, but his

mother (14) __________ (not agree) with him. When his mother (15) __________

(tell) him to do something, Harry usually (16) __________ (do) it.

6:00 PM:

The Pizanti family (17) __________ (sit) at the table and eating supper. Harry

(18) __________ (try) to tell his mother that he (19) __________ (not have) any

homework, but his mother (20) _______________ (not listen). She (21)

__________ (know) that he (22) __________ (have) an English test to study for.

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is washing

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F Match the questions in A to the meanings in B. Do not use all the

meanings.

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1. __ Can I help you?

2. __ Could I borrow fifty dollars?

3. __ Can I see that picture?

4. __ How can I repair the car?

5. __ Where can we see that

movie?

6. __ How could you give her fifty

dollars?

7. __ When can you give me back

my fifty dollars?

8. __ When can we meet?

9. __ Can you help me?

A B

a. You know where the movie is

playing, so tell me.

b. I want you to give me back the

fifty dollars that you borrowed.

c. I wanted you to give me fiftydollars.

d. I want to see you. Tell me

when it is a good time for you

to meet me.

e. I am asking you for help.

f. I want to look at the picture

that you have.

g. I am surprised that you gave

her fifty dollars.

h. Tell me if you want me to do

anything for you.

i. I don't know how to repair cars.

j. I am asking you to give me fifty

dollars and I will give them

back to you another time.

k. I don’t know how to repair the

car and I think that you knowhow to do it.

h

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G Check (✔) the correct answer. Decide if the sentences are ability

or not.

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Yes No

1. Can I open the window?

2. Can this medicine help me?

3. I can carry the suitcase for you.

4. I can speak ten languages.

5. Too many vitamins can harm your health.

6. Can I speak to you for a minute?

7. I can’t talk to you now, I’m very busy.

8. He can’t come to the meeting tomorrow.

H Check (✔) the words that are countable nouns and the words

that are uncountable nouns.

✔

Words from the text Countable Noun Uncountable Noun

1. coffee

2. food

3. friends

4. money

5. musicians6. parties

7. people

8. person

9. rooms

10. time

✔

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7

I Make two different versions of the passage using some / any /

much / many / a few / a little and a lot of . There are manypossibilities.

Harold is a very unusual person. He works very hard but he doesn’t have

(1) ________ money. He has (2)__________ friends, but he doesn’t have

(3)__________ time to be with them.

He has (4)__________ parties in his house and he always invites (5)__________

friends to his parties. He also invites (6)__________ people who he does

business with.

The parties are terrific. There is always (7)__________ delicious food and

(8) ______ to drink. There is (9)__________ good music because Harold knows

(10)__________ excellent musicians who are happy to play at his parties.

J Complete the passage using be going to or the Present

Progressive.Ron: Hi, what are you (1) _____________ (do) this summer?

Lisa: I (2) _______________ (travel) to the Dead Sea.

Ron: Are you (3) _______________ (travel) alone?

Lisa: No, Claire (4) _______________ (join) me.

Ron: Isn’t Claire (5) _______________ (work) this summer?

Lisa: No, she (6) _______________ (work) now to make some money forthe vacation. She (7) _______________ (take care) of her sister'schildren.

Ron: (8) _______________ (she study) next year?

Lisa: She doesn't know yet. She only knows that she (9) _______________(not work) with children.

a lot of

going to do

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K Complete the passage using Past Simple (We built a new

house ) and Past Progressive (We were living with a friend.)

Last night I (1) _________________ (not go) out because I was very tired.

I (2)____________ (stay) home and (3) ____________ (watch) television.

While I (4) ________ (watch) a murder show, I fell asleep. While I

(5)___________ (sleep) I (6) ____________ (dream) that someone

(7)____________ (try) to kill me.

In my dream I (8)____________ (run) away and (9)____________ (hide) in a

small boat near a lake. The killer (10)____________ (look) for me near the lake

but he (11) ____________ (not see) me.

While he (12) ____________ (look) for me, a cat (13) ____________ (run) out

and (14) ____________ (make) some noise. The killer (15) ___________ (think)

that it was me and shot his gun in the direction of the boat where I

(16) ____________ (hide).

The noise of the gun (17) ____________ (wake) me up. Now I don’t know if I was

killed in my dream or not.

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didn’t go

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L Read what Henia’s mother and Peter’s mother think. Choose the

right word in each pair.

Henia’s mother lives in the city. This is what she thinks.

I think that Peter and Henia (1) should / must sell their house in the country and

move to the city. Henia has a new job in the city. That means she

(2) should / must have a car to get to work from their house because there aren’t

any buses that go to the city regularly. A car is very expensive and she

(3) have / has /should to pay a lot for gas and insurance on the car. She also

(4) should / must drive for a long time to get to and from work every day. If they

live in the city, she won’t (5) have to / should own another car and she won’t have

to drive a long time every day. A house in the country is very nice, but they

(6) should / must have the time and money to enjoy it.

Peter’s mother lives in the country near Peter and Henia. This is what she thinks.

I think that Peter and Henia (7) should / must keep their house in the country.They love the country and their children love the country. If they move to the city

they will (8) have to / should pay a lot of money for a very small apartment. They

(9) should / must spend the money on another car and live in a place that they

love. In addition, Henia (10) should / must be at work very early. That means that

she goes home early, too. She doesn’t (11) have to / must drive during rush hour.

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M Complete the passage. Use used to where appropriate.

Gregory (1) ___________ (play) tennis every week. He (2) _____________ (be)

a great player, but now he (3) _____________________ (not play) very well.

He (4) ___________________ (practice) every day, but now he only

(5)_____________________ (practice) on weekends and during vacations.

Sam (6)____________________ (study) at the university. He (7)__________

(go) to the library every day, but now he (8) __________________ (go out) with

his friends instead. He (9) ___________________ (get) good grades, but now he

(10) __________ (do) badly.

Wanda and her husband have four children. Wanda (11) ______________ (work)

in a bank, and her husband (12)________ (own) a clothes store. They

(13)__________________ (go out) all the time when they were in college, but

now they (14) _____________________ (not have) time. Now they

(15)__________ (work) hard all day and spend time with their children at night.

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though even though although but

N Complete the passage using the words in the box. There is morethan one answer.

1. Paris is a big city _____________ Bombay is much bigger.

2. _______ I heard the movie Casablanca is wonderful, I don’t think I’ll go to

see it.

3. _______ the weather in Alaska was very cold, we enjoyed the visit.

4. Mark asked me to join him, _____ he did it in a very strange way.

5. _____ David doesn’t speak French, he managed very well on his visit to

Paris.

6. _____ Richard knew about the risks of traveling alone in the Canyon, he still

didn’t ask anyone to go with him.

7. _____ Mario apologized, I didn’t forgive him.

8. Nancy doesn’t have a great sense of humor ____ she is very popular.

plays used to be

but

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7

O Put the sentences together and make one long sentence.

Example: England is a democracy.This democracy also has a queen.England is a democracy that/which also has a queen.

1. The artist will be famous one day.

His painting won first prize.

2. This movie was made in Hong Kong.

It’s about Kung Fu.

3. Millions of Native American people died from simple diseases.

The European settlers brought simple diseases with them.

4. Many people disapprove of fur coats.

Fur coats are made of animal skins.

P Complete the passage using the Present Passive.

One of the Japanese sports of fighting without weapons (1) _______ (call) Judo.

The sport (2) _________________ (base) on skill, not mystery. This skill

(3) ______________________ (develop) through constant training and practice.

In contests, points (4) _________________ (score) by throwing the opponent

onto his or her back. The level of each sportsperson (5) _______________

(show) by the color of his or her belt. Different colors (6) _______________

(wear) at each level.

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is called

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Q Fill in the missing clauses.

Use: so, such…that , so…..1. They were so happy about the good news _______they decided to throw a

party.

2. Some of the legends we hear sound so real ______ we believe they are

true.

3. He’s interested in being an astrologist, ______ he’s doing a course.

4. He’s such a good cook _______ he’s thinking of turning it into a profession.

5. It was _____ cold in Alaska that we decided to cut our visit short.

6. Nothing grows in the desert, _____ you must take food with you.7. Istanbul is _____ an interesting city that you need at least a week to see it.

R You have won a Dream Trip. decide where you’ll go and whatyou’ll do.

1. I might ___________________________________________ .

2. I may ____________________________________________ .

3. I could ___________________________________________ .

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that

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S Answer the questions using: in order to, because, and so..that

Example:

Why did you go on a safari?I went on a safari because I wanted to see Africa.

... so that I could see Africa.

... in order to see Africa.

1. Why are you taking so many suitcases with you?

I’m taking so many suitcases ____________________________.

2. Why didn’t you walk through the trails of the canyon?I didn’t walk through the trails ____________________________.

3. Why are you spending so much time in the Grand Canyon?

I’m spending so much time there ____________________________.

4. Why are you studying geography?

I’m studying geography ____________________________.

5. Why did you take your family on such a long and difficult trip through the

canyon trails?

I took my family on this trip ____________________________.

T Fill in the missing verbs with Past Passive.

Roller skating (1)____________ (invent) in 1760 in Belgium. It (2)_____________

(develop) by the Americans in the beginning of the 18th century. As a sport, roller

skating (3) ____________ (develop) in the late 19th century. In the 1970s the

shape of the skates (4) _______________ (change), and the wooden and metal

wheels (5) _______________ (replace) with plastic ones. Roller blades took the

place of roller skates.

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was invented

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U Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in

parentheses.1. If you _____________ (visit) Hawaii, you _____________ (understand) why

it is called the Paradise of the Pacific.

2. If the volcano _____________ (erupt), the lava _____________ (cause)damage to the land.

3. We _____________ (can, see) dolphins if we _____________ (go) onthe snorkel adventure cruise.

4. I’ll _____________ (go) on vacation next month if I _____________(get) a raise at work.

5. If he _____________ (carry) his passport around with him, he_____________ (might, lose) it.

6. If we _____________ (drink) the water, we _____________ (could, get)sick.

7. I’ll _____________ (call) you from the airport if the plane _____________

(land) on time.

8. If you _____________ (pay) for the tour in advance, we _____________

(give) you a 10% discount.

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V Fill in the blanks with: before, after, when, while. Use capital

letters where necessary.

1. I bought my new suitcase ________________ the trip to Africa.

2. We saw a good movie _________ we were flying to New York.

3. _________ the teacher entered the room, the students were talking to each

other.

4. We saw hundreds of lions _______ we were flying over the park in the

hot air balloon.

5. _______ I get back from my vacation next week, I will start the new project.

6. I fell asleep _______ I was reading the guidebook.

7. I want to snorkel at the coral reef _______ it is cleaned up.

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before

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PART 2: TEST YOURSELF

A Choose the right word for the blank space.

Questions 1-4:

1. Leroy always __________ home from work if the weather is good.

a. walk b. is walking c. walks d. walked

2. It’s a long walk, but Leroy __________ walking.

a. enjoys b. enjoyed c. will enjoy d. is enjoying

3. Yesterday it __________, so Leroy didn’t walk.

a. rains b. was raining c. rain d. is raining

4. He __________ the bus.

a. catches b. was catching c. will catch d. caught

Questions 5-8:

5. Listen to that song! That is Lucy’s voice. She __________ .

a. sang b. sings c. is singing d. are singing

6. She usually __________ when she is happy.

a. sing b. is singing c. sings d. don’t sing

7. She has the __________ voice in our family.a. beautiful b. more beautiful c. most beautiful d. too beautiful

8. She __________ stay at the party until very late because she is having a

good time.

a. must b. may c. has to d. used to

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B Choose the one question that you cannot answer in each

sentence or group of sentences.

9. Sally lost her watch last week. It was on her wrist and the catch broke.

a. When did she lose it?

b. Where did she lose it?

c. Why did she lose it?

d. Who lost the watch?

10. Derek is going to go to Alaska. He wants to make a lot of money.a. Why is he going to Alaska?

b. Where is he going?

c. Who is going to Alaska?

d. When is he going?

11. Joel’s sister wants to be a doctor. She is planning to go to medical school.

a. What is her name?

b. What does she want to do?

c. Why does she want to go to medical school?

d. Where does she want to study?

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C Choose the right word for the blank space.

12. How ____ video cassettes did you take for the weekend?a. much b. many c. any d. some

13. Do you have ___ milk in the house?a. many b. a c. any d. the

14. I want to buy ____ apples.

a. any b. an c. much d. some

15. Tom is ____ than Dick.

a. taller b. tallest c. very tall d. as tall as

16. Elizabeth is the ____ of the five sisters.

a. as old as b. older c. more old d. oldest

17. The book _____ in Russian.a. was written b. wrote c. was writing d. writes

18. This radio ____ and I can’t fix it. You’ll have to buy a new one.a. is breaking b. is broken c. broke d. breaks

19. Don’t worry about me. ____ I get hungry, I’ll buy some pizza.a. If b. Unless c. But d. Must

20. I am going to be home by 3:00 ____ I have to make dinner tonight.a. if b. as soon as c. because d. so

21. Joe ____, but he doesn’t have time for skiing anymore.a. have to ski b. is skiing c. was skiing d. used to ski

22. Sandra met a man ____ used to be an actor. Now he teaches actors.

a. who b. but c. which d. what

23. Jenny wants to buy a dog ____ she loves animals, especially dogs.

a. so b. although c. because d. if

24. John bought a house near the beach ____ he could swim every day.a. but b. so that c. even if d. unless

25. Bob and Sam want to go on a long trip ____ they finish college.

a. after b. unless c. but d. that

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D Match the definitions to the words.

Questions 26-28:

26. ___ costs a lot of money27. ___ not the same28. ___ free time

a. vacationb. acceptc. differentd. expensive

e. building

Questions 29-31:

29. ___ a person who doesn’t eat meat30. ___ not sick31. ___ very old

a. spendb. vegetarian

c. healthyd. anciente. remains

Questions 32-34:

32. ___ a collection of old stories33. ___ hills of sand

34. ___ to cause something new to exist

a. civilizationb. complimentsc. mythologyd. dunes

e. to create

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E Complete the paragraphs using the words in the box. Don’t use

all of the words.

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ancientare speakingis going to go

is interestingis spendinglanguages

modernspeakspent

traveledwas interested

are interestedbiology

connected

is connectedis connecting

going to be

is interestedknows

reads

whichwho

end lot of practice lot of time

Questions 35-41:

When Professor Hartfeld was a young man, he (35) ___________ in archeology

and (36) ________________ . Every summer he (37) ____________ to differentcountries to dig for the remains of (38) ______________________ civilizations.

He (39) _______________ time in Greece, Italy, Egypt, and Turkey. He knew the

ancient languages of these places and he knew the (40) ___________________

languages that the people of today (41) _____________ . He also went to China

and other places in Southeast Asia.

Questions 42-48:

Ruth is only sixteen years old, but she (42) _____________ what she wants to

do with her life. She is (43) _____________ a biologist. She (44) ____________

all kinds of books about (45) _____________. She goes to a special class at the

university for young people who (46) _____________ in science. She works on

special projects with scientists (47) _____________ want to help pupils in high

school learn more. She is very excited about everything that (48) ____________

to biology.

Questions 49-50:

This is the (49) _____________ of the test. We hope that you have done well. If

there is something that you don’t understand, go back and study the material

again. It takes a long time and a (50) _____________ to learn English. Good

luck!

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ANSWER KEY (50 items, 2 points each item)

1. c. walks

2. a. enjoys

3. b. was raining

4. d. caught

5. c. is singing

6. c. sings

7. c. most beautiful

8. b. may

9. b. Where did she lose it?

10. d. When is he going?

11. a. What is her name?

12. b. many

13. c. any

14. d. some15. a. taller

16. d. oldest

17. a. was written

18. b. is broken

19. a. If

20. c. because

21. d. used to ski

22. a. who

23. c. because

24. b. so that

25. a. after

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26. d. expensive

27. c. different

28. a. vacation

29. b. vegetarian

30. c. healthy

31. d. ancient

32. c. mythology

33. d. dunes

34. e. to create

35. was interested

36. languages

37. traveled

38. ancient

39. spent

40. modern

41. speak

42. knows

43. going to be

44. reads

45. biology

46. are interested

47. who

48. is connected

49. end

50. lot of practice

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Appendix

List of Irregular Verbs

Infinitive Past Simple Infinitive Past Simple

be was/were send sentbeat beat set setbecome became show showedbegin began sing sangbite bit sleep sleptblow blew slide slidbreak broke smell smelledbuild built speak spokeburn burned/burnt spend spentbuy bought spill spilledcan could stand stood

catch caught steal stolechoose chose strike struckcome came swim swamcost cost swing swungcut cut take tookdig dug teach taughtdo did tear toredraw drew tell tolddream dreamed/dreamt think thoughtdrink drank throw threwdrive drove tread on trod oneat ate understand understoodfall fell wake up woke upfeed fed wear wore

feel felt win wonfind found wind woundfly flew write wroteforget forgotforgive forgaveget gotgive gavego wenthave hadhear heardhide hidhit hithurt hurtkeep keptknow knewlay laidlead ledlean leanedlearn learnedleave leftlend lentlet letlie laylight litlose lost

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Advice, asking for and giving 7-8; 26-32Apologizing 112-115Complaining 112-115Clauses

Contrast: even though, although, though, but 37-41Relative: who, which, that, whose 50-55Result: so, therefore, so…that, such…that 74-79Time 130-135

Excuses 42-45; 47Information, asking for and giving 65-67

Modalscould (permission, ability, past ability) 84-91have to/has to (obligation) 2-8may (possibility) 84-91; 93might (possibility) 84-91;93must (obligation) 2-8should, shouldn’t (for advice) 7-8; 26-32

Past Passive 107-111Persuading 136-139; 141Present Passive 60-64

Purpose: in order to, so that, because 96-100Real Conditions 120-125used to 13-18; 21-23

Index of Language Points and Functions

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