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]Z XOD BOX OUX?

Cuhno sj pukljrm nmebmr soerj quldjs sod bos Ors, kj njhno p`ldms jdtjrms

soerj p`ldms nmd slko bbjdmkms klshutljdko jb tjcm por pmrtj kj jxpjrtos j

ldvjstl`mkorjs kj bm prhtlhm \orue, pjro jb rjsubtmko kjelko m bm emsj cstlho-rjbl`losm hoco bjd`umgj usmko jd jstos jshrltos, sobo nm kjgmko ud jdtjdklcljdto

bltr`lho emsmko jd bm f y cuhnms vjhjs jsto nm trmko cs hodfusld jd bm

prhtlhm, quj myukm pmrm mbhmdzmr bos oegjtlvos posltlvos quj sj propodj jb

nucmdo.

Jd bm cjdtj hrjmtlvm j lcm`ldmtlvm kj jb nocerj, js fhlb vlsumblzmr ud Ors hod bm

fl`urm kj ud nucmdo, pjro hod pokjrjs jxtrmorkldmrlos quj kjskj otrms

klcjdslodjs, hustoklm, flshmblzm, jkuhm, horrl`j, jvmbm y sjdtjdhlm dujstrms

mhtumhlodjs jd bm tljrrm, hoco bo nmrm ud pmkrj o udm pjrsodm hod mutorlkmk.Jstms fl`urms tljdjd bu`mr jd dujstrm cjdtj hoco suhjkj jd jb hldj o jd bos

jplsoklos tjbjvlslvos ym quj, rjltjrmkmcjdtj mb cjdhlodmr m bos Ors, sj nmhj jd

ud hodtjxto kodkj jbbos jstmd rjprjsjdtmkos jd nlstorlms jdhmrdmdko pjrsodmgjs

nucmdos. Xl m jsto bj m`rj`mcos, quj sj klhj quj kurmdtj udm pohm jbbos

vlstljrod hmrdj y nujsos, jdtodhjs, sj hodsoblkm jsm lcm`jd quj por cocjdtos

dos km udm rjfjrjdhlm tmd`lebj y fmclblmr, pjro quj pmrm cuhnos do hrjyjdtjs y

poho ldforcmkos kj bm prhtlhm y hubturm \orue, sj bj nmhj rlsujo, fmdtmsloso y

poho hrjebj tmbjs pokjrjs. Jsto, jdtodhjs rjquljrj quj pod`mcos ud poho cs

kj mtjdhld m bm ldvjstl`mhld kj quldjs sod jbbos y hco sj jvlkjdhlmd jd bm vlkm

su rjbmhld hod dosotros. Hco pokjcos mhhjsmr m jbbos y sl sod dujstrm

protjhhld y `um, hco oetjdjr jsos ejdjflhlos.

Zdm kj bms rjfjrjdhlms quj jdhodtrmcos jd bos jshrltos sm`rmkos kj bm trmklhld

ormb kj Lf, soerj quldjs sod bos Ors, js bm sl`uljdtj jd jb Ok Emem Jglo`ej7

Ordclbm klhj7 Xod m bos sjrjs nucmdos m quljdjs kjlflhmcos hoco Ors.

\o kl`o7 Js vjrkmkjrmcjdtj hljrto cl sjor, M`eodlrj`ud

Bos Ors sod sjrjs nucmdos kjlflhmkos.

Ordclbm klhj7 Orlsm-dbm, t kjejs smejr, fuj udm vjz ud sjr nucmdo. Humdko

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b trmgo bms ejdklhlodjs mb cudko, bos nocerjs, hocjdzmrod m mkormrbo hoco

ud klos. Md jd jstos kms, bos nocerjs rjspjtmd su cjcorlm y bj supblhmd mb

Ocdlpotjdtj jd su docerj.

O`d, fuj udm vjz ud sjr nucmdo

Xmd` fuj udm vjz ud sjr nucmdo

\ ms, tokos mqujbbos quljdjs mbhmdzmrod smelkurm jd bm tljrrm, sod m quljdjs

vjrkmkjrmcjdtj mkormcos hoco kjlkmkjs.

Bos Ors sod sjrjs nucmdos kjlflhmkos.

Bos mdtjrlorjs vjrsos kj Lf rj`lstrmkos jd Jglo`ej kjgmd udm hodstjbmhld kj

prj`udtms jd dujstrms cjdtjs, quj kjcmdkmd rplkos mdblsls jxmnustlvos, pmrm

do hobmpsmr jd jb melsco kj bm frustmhld ho`doshltlvm.

=.-Bos Ors fujrod prlcjro nucmdos y kjspus sj hodvlrtljrod jd kjlkmkjs?

5.-Bm rmzd por bm quj sj hodvlrtljrod jd Ors, fu porquj utlblzmrod bm smelkurm

kj Lf?

8.-Xl bo mdtjrlor js horrjhto, jdtodhjs, dosotros bos nucmdos sl mpblhmcos bm

smelkurlm kj Lf, socos Ors?

;.-Xcos dosotros bos nucmdos Ors jd potjdhlm?

Ymrm hocjdzmr jb mdblsls kj tokms jstms ldtjrro`mdtjs, sl`mcos hltmdko bos Ok

kj Lf hoco cjklo klslpmkor kj bms clscms. Jcpjhjcos por bm btlcm prj`udtm.

Jd otro ok kj Lf, wdrdws, kodkj jxlstj otrm vjrsld kj bos vjrsos

mdtjrlorcjdtj hltmko, dos kjhbmrm7

Jdl t `ed dd wd ceo o/ yd d krs.

Jb smelo sj hodvljrtj jd udm jsjdhlm pmrm sjr proplhlmkm (embmdhjmkm).Jb smelo

sj hodvljrtj jd ud rs.Jd jstos vjrsos kj cmdjrm hodvldhjdtj y jxpbhltm, Lfm dos jdsjm quj bm

hodklhld prlcmrlm kjb Ors js bm smelkurm. Humdko profudklzmcos jd jb

sl`dlflhmko kj bm pmbmerm smelkurm, jdhodtrmcos quj jstm js bm mpblhmhld kj jb

hodohlcljdto kjspus kj nmejrbo jdtjdklko, js kjhlr, bm smelkurm js bm mhhld

quj sj tocm jd dujstrm vlkm, humdko njcos mdmblzmko jb qu, jb hco y bos

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porqu, jdvujbtos jd bos jvjdtos quj dos trmjrm jb xlto, bm prospjrlkmk y jb

eljdjstmr hoco prokuhto fldmb.

Jd otrms kjfldlhlodjs cs mcpblm y hod ud hmrhtjr hljdtflho mpblhmko m bm

dmturmbjzm kjb nocerj, jb Kohtor jd Yslqulmtrm Kmvlk Nmwalds lkjdtlflhm m bm

smelkurm, hoco podjr dujstros pmtrodjs kj frjhujdhlms kj jdjr`m, jd

rjsodmdhlm hod bos mbtos pmtrodjs kj jdjr`m kj jb mceljdtj.

Kj njhno, hodohjr quj nmhjr, jdtjdkjrbo y mpblhmrbo jd hmkm ldstmdtj kj bm vlkm js

jb coko opjrmdkl kj jb Ors. Kj jstm cmdjrm jb potjdhlmb kjb Ors vlvj kjdtro

kj jb nucmdo. Yjro, sl bj m`rj`mcos mb`ud jdtjdklcljdto kj bm jtlcobo`m kj bm

pmbmerm Ors, pokjcos smhmr udm buz cs mcpblm soerj jstj tjcm. Mudquj do

jxlstj ud Ok kj Lf quj kj cmdjrm jspjhflhm jxpblquj bm jtlcobo`m kj bm

pmbmerm, bo hljrto js quj bm rmz kj Ors js Or, huyo sl`dlflhmko bltjrmb jd \oruejs hmejzm, rjflrldkosj m bm pmrtj fslhm. \ soerj jsto rjmbcjdtj, s pokjcos

jdhodtrmr rjfjrjdhlms jd Lf quj kjdotmd jb pmpjb hrjmkor kj Or y su nj`jcodm

hod rjspjhto m bos Ors. Jd jb sl`do O`udkm Cjgl sj dos klhj7

Js Or jb quj hrj m Xmd` jd Aso, kodkj b, sj hodvlrtl jd jb Ujy.

Or kjspus hrj ebufd jd bm hlukmk kj rd

\ kjspus kj hrjmr m O`d bo jdvl m kj r

Oetb fuj hrjmko por Or y jdvlmko m rdg

Oym fuj jdvlmkm m Lb Lr, jdtrj bm bmr`m blstm kj jstms hrjmhlodjs jspjhlmbjs kj

Or

Jd otros vjrsos kj jb Ok rjt fd dos msjvjrm7

Or c `ed grs

Or dlamd-damd b a wod bpr

(Or js cmyor quj tokos bos Ors

Js sbo Or quljd mbhmdzm pr, jb jstmko pjrfjhto.)

Otrm hltm lcportmdtj kj Lf jst jd jb Ok wdrd Cgl jb humb msj`urm7

Orjs bm jxtjdsld kj Obkcmrj jd jb nucmdo.

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[okm jstm jdsmrtm kj kmtos jd Lf, dos bbjvm m udm hodhbusld rmzodmebj7

Or rjprjsjdtm bm hodhljdhlm supjrlor, Obokucmrj, y su mhhld ldtjbl`jdtj y

hrjmkorm quj sj jxtljdkj, m trmvs kj bos Ors mb ldtjrlor kj bos nucmdos. Jb

podjr bos pmtrodjs kj frjhujdhlms kj jdjr`m quj jcltlcos, jd rjsodmdhlm hod

bos pmtrodjs supjrlorjs kj jsm mhhld ldtjbl`jdtj y hrjmkorm, dos hodvljrtj jd

Ors tmceld, mb hodvjrtlrdos jd hrjmkorjs kj dujstrm honjrjdhlm y mrcodm

ldtjrdm humdko kjgmcos fbulr sld ldtjrfjrjdhlms kjstruhtorms, bm jdjr`m kj

Obokucmrj y bos Ors.

Or, hoco vohmebo prldhlpmb kj bm pmbmerm Ors, tmceld pujkj sjr kjs`bosmko jd

su rmz, r, ud vjreohod jb sl`dlflhmko7 vjr, pjrhlelr y ud prodocerj pjrsodmb (O)

sj`udkm pjrsodm kjb sld`ubmr. Kj mhujrko m jb pjdsmcljdto rmklhmb kj bm Fslhm

Hudtlhm emsmko jd jb jxpjrlcjdto kj bm koebj rmdurm, humdko jb nucmdo vj,oesjrvm o pjrhlej udm sjmb u odkm kjb mceljdtj, hodvljrtj jsm sjmb jd udm

rjmblkmk fslhm, js kjhlr, hrjm emsmko jd su jxpjrljdhlm y hodohlcljdto, su proplm

rjmblkmk o kjstldo. M jstj prohjso sj bj bbmcm jd bm dujvm Fslhm, Hobmpsmr bm

Fudhld kj bm Odkm. Do js kj jsto prjhlsmcjdtj kj bo quj nmebm wdrdws

humdko tjstlflhm7 Jb smelo sj hodvljrtj jd Orlsm?

Yor otrm pmrtj, mb`udos mutorjs nmd kmko su vjrsld soerj jb sl`dlflhmko kj bm

pmbmerm Ors, humbjs sod kl`dms kj mhjptmr jd mdblsls quj, mudquj do nmym udm

sj`urlkmk nlstrlhm jd su orl`jd jtlcob`lho y fodo-sldthtlho, tokos smejcos qujjd tokos bos lklocms, bms pmbmerms sufrjd coklflhmhlodjs jd su hodstmdtj uso jd jb

bjd`umgj klmrlo, hosm quj bj km blhjdhlm m humbquljr ldvjstl`mkor m hrjmr su pudto

kj vlstm emsmko jd rjfjrjdhlms b`lhms.

J. Ebg kw quljd fujrm profjsor kj bm Zdlvjrslkmk kj ekd kurmdtj vjldtj

mos dos km jb sl`uljdtj mdblsls soerj jb sl`dlflhmko kj bm pmbmerm Ors jd su blero

Obkcmrj @ok ld \orue Ejbljf (Obkcmrj, Klos jd bm hrjjdhlm \orue)7 Ors,

js udm horruphld kj bm pmbmerm Orls (Or-s)(Hmejzm-Fujdtj). Jb sj rjfljrj mb

sl`dlflhmko kj s hoco orl`jd prldhlploy hocjdtm quj bm pmbmerm Ors js udmjblpsls kj bm frmsj Leltlor-tl-s Jb Orl`jd o Fujdtj kj Or rjflrldkosj m

Obkcmrj. Otros mutorjs sj rjfljrjd mb vohmebo s hoco jsho`jr kj cmdjrm

quj jsto km bm poslelblkmk kjb sl`dlflhmko vjr o pjrhlelr bo quj sj jsho`jo

tmceld bm hmejzm quj sjbjhhlodm o jsho`j suermymdko bm vlrtuk quj

Obkcmrj proporhlod kj jsho`jr jb kjstldo. Jd otros hmsos sj nmhj mbusld m bm

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sbmem sj, hoco bm forcm fldmb orl`ldmb kj bm pmbmerm Ors quj sj trmkuhj nmhjr

sljdko kj jstm forcm O-r-sjtu vjs pjrhlejs hodohjs bo quj nmhjs o

hrjmsjth.

Mudquj bos sl`dlflhmkos jtlcob`lhos pujkjd sjr klsclbjs , kj bo quj s pokjcos

jstmr sj`uros, js quj, bm pmbmerm Ors jst bl`mkm m bm ldforcmhld, y fuj bm

ldforcmhld hodgu`mkm jd bos trjs jbjcjdtos7 hodohlcljdto, jdtjdklcljdto y

smelkurm, bo quj Obkcmrj hrj jd forcm kj buz y sodlko, hoco bm emsj kj tokm

bm jstruhturm hocudlhmtlvm kj jb Zdlvjrso. Hmkm pmrthubm hrjmkm, tljdj

ldforcmhld ldnjrjdtj kj qu nmhjr y hco hocportmrsj jd hmkm hlrhudstmdhlm,

kdkobj m tokm cmtjrlm kjb udlvjrso, bm oportudlkmk kj hocudlhmrsj m trmvs kj

odkms kj poslelblkmkjs, y trmemgmr jd mrcodm, hrjmdko sjrjs kj honjrjdhlm jd

jsj vmsto hmcpo mb quj bos hljdtflhos bj bbmcmd jb Hmcpo kj bm Wodm Hjro, y jd jb

bjd`umgj cjtmfrlho, cstlho-rjbl`loso \orue, bo lkjdtlflhmcos hoco Orud.

Jstm nlstorlm kj Lf quj mpmrjhj jd jb sl`do Lroso-worl dos jxpblhm jb porqu jd jb

hmcpo hljdtflho kj bm Fslhm, sj hodslkjrm m bm Buz hoco jb vjnhubo quj trmj y

rjhlej ldforcmhld por kodkj quljrm quj pmsm jd jb Zdlvjrso. Mkjcs, jd jb

sl`do Eme Jglo`ej, sj dos nmebm kj bm kjsl`dmhld kj bm Buz rjprjsjdtmko por

Oemtmb, hoco jb Mrho Klvldo o jb Mrho kjb Yokjr quj kl orl`jd m tokos bos

kjcs Ors, jstm nlstorlm dos klhj msl7

Obkcmrj, orkjd mb Mrho Klvldo kjshjdkjr m bm tljrrm pmrm hucpblr hodklstldtms fudhlodjs gudto m Ordclbm. Yor mb`udm rmzd, jb Mrho Klvldo kjhlkl

tjdjr ud jshbmvo, por bo tmdto b sj klrl`l mb pujebo kj Jcr kodkj sj nmbbmem

jb Cjrhmko kj jshbmvos y sj hocpr udo huyo docerj fu towk (Jso-bo-quj-

udo-trmj-soerj-su-proplm- hmejzm). Jb jshbmvo, mb prldhlplo, proe sjr cuy

sjrvlhlmb, oejkljdtj y klshlpbldmko pmrm smtlsfmhld kj su mco. Mb tjrhjr km kj

nmejr slko hocprmko, bj plkl m su mco udm porhld kj tljrrm pmrm hubtlvmrbm.

Jstm pmrhjbm bj fu otor`mkm jd udm codtmm do bjgos kj su hmsm. [md eujd

trmemgo nlzo jb jshbmvo jd bos prlcjros klms, quj jb mco hodfl jd quj tjdm

kjfldltlvmcjdtj ud eujd jshbmvo jd quljd hodflmr. Yjro, jb hormzd kj Mtowk

rjmbcjdtj do mhucubmem hosms eujdms1 fuj humdko merl` bm lkjm kj cmtmr m su

mco. b oesjrv quj por cjklo kj rjcovjr bm tljrrm quj sostjdm `rmdkjs

pljkrms jd ud bmko kj bm codtmm kodkj jstmem jb sjcermko, poklm nmhjr quj

jstms rokmrmd codtmm memgo hod fmhlblkmk. Jb jshbmvo sjbjhhlod

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hulkmkosmcjdtj bms pljkrms cs `rmdkjs y bms prjpmr kj cmdjrm qujpukljrmd

hucpblr su propslto kj jblcldmr mb mco. Zdo kj jsos kms quj jb Mrho Klvldo

suel m bm codtmm pmrm ldspjhhlodmr jb trmemgo, jb jshbmvo klvls bm ropm ebmdhm

quj nmeltumbcjdtj utlblzmem su mco y jcpug bms pljkrms quj nmem prjpmrmko y

jstms rokmrod hobldm memgo. Mb vjrbms, jb mco qujk pmrmblzmko kj jb cljko. JbMrho Klvldo fuj `obpjmko, nmstm qujkmr kjstrozmko jd pmrthubms quj fujrod

klsjcldmkms por tokms pmrtjs. Jb rjportj kj jb kjsmstrj prodto bbj` m Ordclbm,

quljd nmem emgmko m bm tljrrm tmceld m hucpblr clslod. stj sj prjsjdt

ldcjklmtmcjdtj jd bm jshjdm y jgjhut hljrto rlto quj pjrcltl jdhodtrmr tokos

bms pmrthubms jspmrhlkms y bms kjposlt jd udm Hmbmemzm y bms trmsbmk m Lrdgj, bm

tljrrm kj dmhlcljdto kjb Mrho Klvldo. Mbb, fujrod kjgmkos mb`udms pmrthubms y bms

otrms fujrod jspmrhlkms por toko jb cudko hoco Onud-t-m-r-s (bo quj fuj

jdhodtrmko y rjudlko) kjb Mrho Klvldo.M pmrtlr kj jstm nlstorlm sj su`ljrj quj bm pmbmerm Ors sur`j hoco udm jblpsls kj

bm frmsj Onud-tl-r-s y hocljdzm jb hubto mb Mrho Klvldo. [mceld su`ljrj quj bos

Ors fujrod udm udlkmk mb prldhlplo y quj pmrm mhocjtjr su propslto jd bm tljrrm

y jd jb udlvjrso, fuj djhjsmrlo rjudlrbos otrm vjz jd udm sobm fujrzm. Jb Mrho Klvldo

por sjr jb orl`jd kj tokos bos Ors, fuj djhjsmrlo hmcelmr su docerj jd Ors-db

o jb @rmd Orls pmrm klstld`ulrbos kj bos kjcs.

Mb lkjdtlflhmr m Orsdb vjstlko kj ebmdho jd bm nlstorlm, sj jstmebjhj ud sclb hod

bm buz, quj jd su kjshjdso nmhlm bm tljrrm, js flbtrmkm por bm mtcsfjrm. Bm

mtcsfjrm jst forcmkm por `msjs, jdtrj bos quj sj kjstmhmd jb Dltr`jdo,

Ox`jdo, Mr`d, Klxlko kj Hmreodo, Djd y jd sus hmpms cs emgms jdhodtrmcos

vmpor kj m`um. Bms cobhubms kj jstos jbjcjdtos fudhlodmd hoco pljkrms quj

klvlkjd bm buz jd sus pmrthubms, bos fotodjs, husmbjs mb`udms sj qujkmd por

jdhlcm kj bm mtcsfjrm, otrms lodlzmd bms hmpms supjrlorjs hoco bo js bm

Lodosfjrm, bm quj jst hocpujstm por udm hodhnm kj jbjhtrodjs y tocos

hmr`mkos jbhtrlhmcjdtj quj rjkuhjd bos rmyos ldtjdsos ubtrmvlobjtms H y E y

kjgmd bbj`mr bos rmyos Zbtrmvlobjtms M, hod sus ejdjflhlosos jfjhtos pmrm bm tljrrm,jd bm sldtjtlzmhld kj bm vltmcld K pmrm jb nucmdo y bm fotosdtjsls pmrm bms

pbmdtms jdtrj otros. Jstos prohjsos fslhos, jstmd rjprjsjdtmkos jd bm mhhld kj

Ordclbm quld rjudl tokms bms pmrthubms otrm vjz kjgmdko mb`udms kj jbbms jd bm

tljrrm kj Lrdgj (jb jspmhlo vmho por jdhlcm y kjdtro kj bm mtcsfjrm y bms otrms

bms trmgo pmrm bm tljrrm. Jstm mhhld bm rjmblz utlblzmdko jb pokjr honjslodmkor kj bm

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ldforcmhld ldtjbl`jdtj kj Lf, bm humb pjrcltj quj bos Ors kj udm forcm udlkm,

mrcodlosm y sldr`lhm, sj cmdlfljstjd jd jb trmemgo kj bos r`mdos y slstjcms kjb

nucmdo y mdlcmbjs y jd bos fltoquclhos, vltmcldms, cldjrmbs, mdtloxlkmdtjs,

protjdms y otros jbjcjdtos kj bms pbmdtms, msl hoco jd bm hocposlhld kjb m`um y

kj bm tljrrm, ym quj tokms jstms forcms kj jdjr`ms tljdjd hodstrulkms susjstruhturms soerj bm Buz, jb @rmd Ors y bo quj bjs pjrcltjd trmemgmr jd

honjrjdhlm, js bm ldforcmhld ldtjbl`jdtj kj Lf. Jstm js bm rmzd por bm quj sj klhj

quj mb utlblzmr bm smelkurm kj Lf dos hodvjrtlcos jd Ors, porquj dos fudklcos

jd jsj cmr kj honjrjdhlm y mrcodm pmrm cmdtjdjr bm vlkm. Yokjcos hocpmrmr

jstj trmemgo sldr`lho kj bos Ors, m udm `l`mdtjzhm orqujstm kodkj hmkm udo kj

bos ldstrucjdtos mudquj ldklvlkumbcjdtj tljdjd ud sodlko hmrmhtjrstlho y udm

cjbokm gudto hod ud rltco quj ldtjrprjtmr, do kjgmd kj sjr udm pmrtj lcportmdtj

kj bm oerm quj jd su hodgudto rjsujdmd hoco udm sucm mrcodlosm kj dotms pmrmrj`mbmrdos udm jxqulsltm ofjrtm cuslhmb quj trmj ud sjdtlcljdto m`rmkmebj m

dujstros olkos. Bos Ors sod jdtlkmkjs ldsustmdhlmbjs quj jstmd jd ud hodstmdtj

ldtjrhmcelo kj jdjr`m, hoco forcm kj ldtjrprjtmr su pmpjb jd jstm orqujstm

udlvjrsmb huyo jshjdmrlo js jb rmd hmcpo kj mcor jxlstjdtj jd hmkm udo kj bos

hocpodjdtjs kjb Zdlvjrso y bos rjsubtmkos kj jstos ldtjrhmcelos js m bo quj jd

jb bjd`umgj cjtmfrlho cstlho-rjbl`loso bj bbmcmcos nlstorlms o hmcldos kj

bos humbjs smhmcos bms jdsjmdzms kj bms ldforcmhlodjs kmkms jd hokl`o eldmrlo y

`rmemkms, mbcmhjdmkms y jcltlkms vlermhlodmbcjdtj jd jsms odkms kj frjhujdhlms

kj jdjr`m jd dujstrm klcjdsld tljcpo-jspmhlo pmrm mpblhmrbms smelmcjdtj jd

dujstro klmrlo vlvlr jd eushm kjb xlto, embmdhj y prospjrlkmk.