Question to Ponder

1. What was the most important innovation in the history of the world?

The Beginning

Culture and Civilization

Instincts

Biologically inherited patterns of complex behavior

Reflexes

Simple automatic behaviors

Drives

Basic bodily needs that must be satisfied in order to survive

Concepts of Culture

Humans are social animals

They live and work in groups and and rely on language

Where humans live and work is known as their society

What is Culture? Culture is the whole

learned socially influenced behavior that has characterized mankind throughout history

Methods of Learning

Imitation—act like another person

Direct –Teaching—specific and formalized goals

Personal ExperiencesWhat did you learn from that mistake?

Terms to know…In case you don’t remember

Norms: Established rules of behavior…can vary based on place in society.

Folkways: The little things that we conform to on an everyday basis…society tolerates nonconformity.

More terms…Reviewed

Mores: Norms that are essential to society…these are taken more seriously; nonconformity is punished.

Taboos: These are super-mores. The very thought of breaking creates revulsion…cannibalism; incest

What is Civilization? Civilization

Written records Large cities Advanced technology Industry and the arts

Important Groups for Societies

Primary Groups

Close face-to face relationships

Few written rules

Groups--Continued

Secondary Groups

Limited relationships

More written rules Ex. FHS, Village of

Palatine

Human Needs & Relationships

Roles

Rights & responsibilities associated with a position

Student -Parent -Teacher

Status

Relationship a person may have with others

Ascribed--Status

Achieved—Status

Cultural Universals—all cultures in one way or another**

Care & rearing of the young

Place/status/role

Satisfying essentials

Regulation & safeguard of property

Providing order & the common welfare

Explain the unknown--religion

Sense of esthetics/beauty

Communication Defense

Three Methods of Culture Change

1. Innovation

2. Diffusion

3. Acculturation

Points to Remember about Change

People’s reactions: People resist

change Material culture

usually changes faster.

Cultural lag.

Influences: Change is

unplanned. Change creates

more change Gov’t encourages

or discourages change.

When it’s time to change…

Values change slowly.

What are values?

What is Ethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrism =negative

Cultural Relativism =positive

More Culture Concepts

Culture trait

Culture area or region

Culture hearth

Other Significant Terms

Ethnic group:

Race:

Subculture:

The Culture of Human

Development

The Evolution of Technology

Technology

First kind of technology was agriculture

The Two Types of Agriculture

Subsistence

Commercial

The Beginnings of Agriculture

Before: Hunter Gatherer

Now: Farmers What caused the

change? Neolithic Revolution!

Domestication of Animals

Domestication

The dog was probably the first domesticated animal

Humans and the Animal Kingdom

Breeding animals

Some species increase in #’s chickens, cats, sheep and cattle

As a result, pests increase rats and cockroaches

Endangered Species

Agriculture and Man

First crops?

Seeded? (Southwest Asia)

Tubers? (Southeast Asia)

The Importance of Corn or Maize

Corn or Maize

Illinois and Iowa together grow more corn than any single country (except U.S.) on earth

Urbanization

Urbanization City

Urbanization Specialization

Suburbs

Characteristics of Urban Areas

Large population

Permanent population

High population density

Heterogeneity

Three Things that Cities Need

1. Sites

2. Situation

3. Hinterland

Characteristics of Rural Areas

1. Smaller population

2. Less dense Pop.

3. Agriculture

4.4. HomogeneousHomogeneous

Industrialization

Began in the 1700s and 1800s

Moderns Economy Trade

The Consequences of Trade

Self-sufficiency

Tariffs

Quotas

Other Important Terms

Nationalism

Fundamentalism

Questions to Ponder

1. What was the most important innovation in the history of the world?

2. What was the most important innovation of the 20th Century?

3. Why is industrialization a good thing? Why is it a bad thing?