Quick Fire

• Is a person’s status/position in society important? Explain.

• How might one’s status help or hurt them in life? Give at least one example of each.

THE PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE ACT AND REACT IN RELATION TO OTHERS

• HUMANS RELY ON SOCIAL STRUCTURE TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS– SOCIAL STRUCTURE TAKES INTO ACCOUNT ELEMENTS OF

SOCIETY AND CULTURE, INCLUDING SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND ALL TYPES OF GROUPS IN WHICH ARE FOUND

• RELATIVE STABLE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

– THESE PATTERNS • MAKE THE SOCIAL WORLD UNDERSTANDABLE • HELP GUIDE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR• MAKES LIFE APPEAR AS SAFE AND PREDICTABLE• ALLOWS FOR SOCIAL STABLITY AND ORDER

A RECOGNIZED SOCIAL POSITION THAT AN INDIVIDUAL OCCUPIES

• STATUS SET– ALL THE STATUSES HELD AT

ONE TIME• DANCE PARTNER• BOSS• FRIEND• HARLEY CLUB MEMBER• SPORTS PARTICIPANT• BUSINESSMAN

HOW STATUSES ARE OBTAINED

• TYPE OF STATUS– ASCRIBED: INVOLUNTARY

POSITIONS– ACHIEVED: VOLUNTARY

POSITIONS• OFTEN THE TWO TYPES

WORK TOGETHER, WHAT WE ARE ASCRIBED OFTEN HELPS US ACHIEVE OTHER STATUSES

HEY! I WORKED HARD TO ACHIEVETHIS STATUS IN LIFE!

THE STATUS THAT SEEMS TO DEFINE A PERSONALSO, A PERSON’S “MASTER STATUS” CAN EITHER WORK IN FAVOR, OR AGAINST A

PERSON.EXAMPLE: PERSONS WHO ARE INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGED

...THE BEHAVIOR EXPECTED OF SOMEONE WHO FILLS A PARTICULAR STATUS

• ROLE SET– A NUMBER OF ROLES

ATTACHED TO A SINGLE STATUS

• DISCIPLINARIAN• SPORTS AUTHORITY• DIETITIAN• BUSINESSWOMAN• CAREGIVER• DR. MOM• KITCHEN QUEEN

Rights and Obligations of Status’s

• Role – a status in action• Rights – the behaviors you expect from others• Obligations – the behaviors others expect

from you

ROLES DEMAND A PERSON’S TIME AND ENERGY

• ROLE CONFLICT – INVOLVES TWO OR MORE STATUSES

• EXAMPLE: CONFLICT BETWEEN ROLE EXPECTATIONS OF A POLICE OFFICER WHO CATCHES HER OWN SON USING DRUGS AT HOME – MOTHER AND POLICE OFFICER

• ROLE STRAIN– INVOLVES A SINGLE STATUS

• EXAMPLE: A MOM WHO HAS TOO MANY RESPONSIBILITIES AND “BUCKLES” UNDER THE PRESSURE

Quick Fire

• Describe two everyday social interactions you’ve had in the last 24 hours.

• What motivated the interaction?• What was the outcome of the interaction?

How do you interact with other people?

Illustrating Interaction

• Each group is assigned one of the five types of social interaction.

• Create and illustration/cartoon that illustrates the key ideas of the assigned interaction – you may include words if necessary– How does it happen?– Why does this type of interaction happen? (cause)– Effect on society and social structure

• Be able to explain each

• Exchange occurs when people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions.

• Reward might be tangible or intangible

• Reciprocity is the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return.

• Basis of exchange interactions

• Exchange theory is the idea that people are motivated by self-interest in their interactions with other people.

• Rewarded behavior is repeated

Exchange

Conflict• Conflict is the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose

someone, or to harm another person.– Has few rules of accepted conduct– Can reinforce group boundaries and loyalty

Competition• Competition occurs when two or more people or groups oppose each

other to achieve a goal that only one can attain.– Common in Western societies– Sometimes considered basis of capitalism and democracy– Can lead to psychological stress, a lack of cooperation, and conflict

Competition and Conflict

• Cooperation occurs when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person.

– A social process that gets things done– May be used along with competition to motivate members to

work harder for the group

Cooperation

Compromise

Each party gives up something they want in order to come to an agreement

Mediation

Calling in a third party who guides the two parties toward an agreement

Arbitration

A third party makes a decision that is binding on both parties

Accommodation

Truce

Temporarily brings a halt to the competition or conflict until a compromise can be reached

Accomodation is a state of balance between cooperation and conflict.

Groups Within Society• Groups are the foundation of social life. They differ in terms of

size, life, organization, and purpose.• Groups perform important functions, such as setting

membership boundaries, choosing leaders, fulfilling goals, and controlling members’ behavior.

Groups in Society

• Should parents be responsible both criminally and civilly for acts committed with their guns by their children?

• Size• A dyad is two people.• A triad is three people.• Fifteen is the largest number that works well as a group.

• Time• A group can be a one-time meeting or a lifetime.• Interaction is not continuous; there are breaks.

• Organization• A formal group has clearly defined structure, goals, and activities.• An informal group has no official structure or rules of conduct.

There are many kinds of groups. Most people belong to several.

• The most intimate type• Fundamental in forming the social

nature and ideals of the individual• Small group that interacts over a

long period of time on a personal basis

• Involves entire self of a member

Primary Groups

Types of Groups

• Interaction is impersonal and temporary

• Involve only part of a member’s self

• Casual and limited• Importance of person linked to his

or her function• Members can be replaced

Secondary Groups

Reference Groups• A group with whom an individual

identifies and whose attitudes and values are adopted

• Can have both positive and negative effect on behavior

Electronic Communities• Have arisen with arrival of internet• Some reflect primary-group dynamics

In-Groups and Out-Groups• In-group: any group that a person

belongs to and identifies with• Out-group: any group that the person

does not belong to or identify with

Social Networks• The web of relationships across groups

that occurs because of the many groups people belong to

• No clear boundaries

Types of Groups (cont.)

In with the “In” Crowd

In which group do you belong?

• Identify 10 groups at City High

• Identify whether it is:• Formal or informal• Primary or secondary