A. DevelopmentCells - tissues - organs - systems - organism1.Cells: Major Componentsa. Cell membraneb. Cytoplasmc. Nucleus

2.Tissues: Primary Typesa. Connectiveb. Epitheliumc. Muscled.Nervous

3.Organsa. Composed of two or more different tissuesb. Have specific functions

4.Systems: Related organs with common functions5.Organism: A living person

B. CavitiesA space containing organs1.Dorsala. Cranialb. Vertebral (spinal)

2.Ventrala. Abdominalb. Pelvicc. Thoracic

C. PlanesAn imaginary flat surface1.Frontal – anterior/posterior2.Sagittal – right/left3.Transverse – upper/lower

D. PositionsA reference point for location or direction.1.Anterior/Ventral – front of the body

Posterior/Dorsal – back of the body2.Deep – away from the surface

Superficial – on the surface3.Inferior – situated below

Superior – situated above4.Lateral – pertaining to the side5.Medial – pertaining to the middle6.Prone – lying face down

Supine – lying face up

A. StructureMost medical words are composed of two or moreterms. To define a medical word:• divide the word into its terms• analyze the terms• define the wordExamples:Pericarditis

peri = around; card = heart; itis = inflammationInflammation around the heart

Oncologyonco = tumor, mass; logy = study ofStudy of tumors

B. TermsTerm + Term (.....+.....) = medical wordThere are five categories of terms:1.Prefix - beginning of a word

(ex., pre____; post_____) Designated by a “____” after the term.

2.Suffix - ending of a word (ex., _____stomy; _____itis) Designated by a “____” before the term.

3.Root - foundation/base of a word (ex., hepat;gastr)

4.Combining vowel - vowel (usually “o”) added to aroot (ex., gastro).

Use a combining vowel when joining:a. Root to another root (ex., gastrohepatitis)b. Root to a suffix beginning with a consonant (ex.,

cardiomegaly)5.Combining form - root + vowel (ex., hepat/o;

gastr/o)Designated by a “/” between the root and the vowelExamples:Hyperleukocytosis

hyper (prefix) = excessive leuko (combining form) = white cyt (root) = cellosis (suffix) = condition of

Definition: condition of excessive white blood cells (leukocytes)Hematotoxic

hemato (combining form) = bloodtox (root) = poisonic (suffix) = pertaining to

Definition: pertaining to blood poisoning

TIPS:1.Some terms have more than one definition. To

determine the correct definition in a particularmedical word, analyze the other terms in the word.

Example:Poliomyelitis

polio = gray (matter)myel = spinal cord, bone marrowitis = inflammation

Definition: Inflammation of the gray matter of thespinal cord. The bone marrow does not have gray matter.2.Some terms may function as a root/combining

form in one word and a suffix in another word.Classification depends upon the specific medical

word.Examples:Cytologycyto (combining form) = celllogy (suffix) = study of

Definition: Study of cellsErythrocyte

erythro (combining form) = redcyte (suffix) = cell

Definition: Red blood cell

BarCharts, Inc. ® WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE

calor/i heat calorimetrycampt/o bent camptocormiacapsul/o, caps/o capsule, container capsulitiscarcin/o cancer carcinolysiscari/o caries, rottenness cariogenic-cataphasia affirmation acataphasiacathar/o, cleansing, purging catharsiscathart/o-cathisia, sitting acathisia-kathisiacaud/o tail caudalcavit/o, cav/o hollow, cavity cavitationchem/o chemical, chemistry chemosurgerychron/o time, timing chronobiologyclin/o to slope, bend clinocephaly-coimesis sleeping dyscoimesis-coma deep sleep semicomaconsci/o awareness, aware unconsciousconstrict/o narrowing, binding vasoconstrictioncontus/o to bruise contusioncorpor/o body corporealcritic/o crisis, dangerous criticalcry/o cold cryotherapycyt/o, -cyte cell cytocidedem/o people epidemicdesicc/o to dry electrodesiccationdilat/o enlarge,expand vasodilatordolich/o long dolichofacialdolor/o pain dolorogenicdors/o back dorsoventralduct/o to lead conductiondynam/o power, strength dynamometer-dynia pain gastrodyniadys- bad, difficult, painful dysphoniaechin/o spiny, prickly echinocyteectr/o congenital absence ectrogenyele/o oil eleomaemmetr/o the correct measure, emmetropia

proportionedenanti/o opposite, opposed enantiobiosisequi- equality, equal equilibriumerethism/o irritation erethismiceti/o cause etiologyeu- good, normal, well eubiotics-facient to cause, make liquefacient

happenfebr/i fever febriphobiafil/o, fil/i, thread, threadlike filamentousfilament/o-form specified shape, form multiformfrig/o, frigid/o cold frigorismfunct/o performance dysfunctionalgel/o to freeze, congeal gelosisgemell/o twins gemellology-gen, gen/o producing, generating pathogen-genesis production, formation neogenesis-genic produced by, forming carcinogenicger/o, geront/o aged, old age geriatrics-grade step centigradehapl/o simple, single haploidheredo- heredity heredoimmunity-hexia condition cachexiahist/o tissue histoclastichomeo- likeness, constant, homeodynamics

samenesshydr/o water, hydrogen hydrolysisiatr/o treatment, physician iatrogenic-ician specialist clinicianion/o ion ionophoresis

TERMS DEFINITIONS WORDSacid/o acid, sour, bitter acidityacu- needle acupunctureacu/o, acut/o sharp, severe subacuteadip/o fat adiponecrosisaer/o air, gas aerophagyagit/o rapidity, restlessness agitophasia-algia pain cephalalgiaambul/o to walk ambulatoryanomal/o irregular anomalyanthrac/o coal, carbon, anthracosis

carbuncleanthrop/o man, human being anthropometryantr/o antrum antrotomyaphth/o ulcer aphthosisapic/o apex apicotomyaque/o water aqueousatmo- steam, vapor atmometeraxi/o axis abaxialbar/o weight, pressure barotraumabary- heavy, dull, hard baryphonia-basia walking brachybasiabathy-, batho- deep, depth bathycardiabio-, bi/o life, living biogenesisblast/o, -blast early embryonic blastocyte

stage, immature-calculia to compute dyscalculia

THE HUMAN BODYFOUNDATION OFMEDICAL WORDS

1

sub- under, beneathsuper- above, beyondsupra- above, beyondtel/e distant, endtrans- acrossultra- beyond, excess

B. FIVE rrh’s-rrhagia, -rrhage excessive flow, profuse

fluid discharge-rrhaphy suture-rrhea flow, discharge-rrhexis rupturerrhythm/o rhythm

C. NUMERICAL VALUEShalf demi-

hemi-semi-

one mono-uni-

one and a half sesqui-two bi-

di-three tri-four tetra-

quadri-five quinque-

pent-penta-

six hex-hexa-sex-

seven hepta-sept-septi-

eight octa-octi-

nine noni-ten (101) deca-hundred (102) hecto-thousand (103) kilo-million (106) mega-billion (109) giga-trillion (1012) tera-quadrillion (1015) peta-quintillion (1018) exa-one tenth (10-1) deci-one hundredth (10-2) centi-one thousandth (10-3) milli-one millionth (10-6) micro-one billionth (10-9) nano-one trillionth (10-12) pico-one quadrillionth (10-15) femto-one quintillionth (10-18) atto-

D. SURGICAL PROCEDURES-centesis surgical puncture of a cavity-desis surgical fixation, fusion-ectomy surgical removal-pexy fixation-plasty surgical correction/repair-rrhaphy suture-sect to cut-stomy surgical opening-tomy surgical incision-tripsy to crush, break

E. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURESaspir/o, aspirat/o removal-assay to examine, analyzeauscult/o, auscultat/o to listenecho- reverberating soundelectr/o electricity-gram written record-graph instrument for recording-graphy process of recording-meter instrument for measuring

A. DIRECTIONAL TERMSab- away fromad- toward, nearambi- around, on both sides, aboutamphi- around, on both sidesana- up, backward, againstante- before, forwardanter/o frontanti- againstapo- away, separationcata- down, undercircum- aroundcontra- against, oppositedextr/o rightdia- through, throughoutdis- apart, to separatedist/o distantec-, ecto- outside, outen-, endo- inside, withinepi- above, over, uponeso- withinex- out, away fromexo- outside, outwardextra- outsidefore- before, in fronthyper- above, excessive, beyondhypo- under, deficient, belowinfra- below, beneathinter- betweenintra- withinjuxta- nearlater/o sidelevo- leftmedi/o middlemeso- middlepara- alongside, near, beyond, abnormalper- through, throughoutperi- around, surroundingpost- after, behindposter/o behind, towards the backpre- before, in front ofpro- beforepros/o forward, anteriorproxim/o nearre- back, againretro- behind, backwardsinistr/o left

ipsi- same ipsilateral-ist specialist pharmacist-itis inflammation hepatitiskary/o nucleus karyorrhexiskel/o tumor, fibrous keloid

growthkraur/o dry kraurosiskym/o waves kymography-labile unstable, perishable frigolabilelater/o side bilateralligat/o binding, tying ligaturelim/o hunger bulimia-logist specialist neurologist-logy study of cardiology-lucent light-admitting radiolucentlumin/o light luminescencely/o dissolve, loosen lyoenzyme-malacia softening osteomalacia-masesis mastication, chewingdysmasesismedi/o middle medialmedic/o heal, healing medicalmer/o part meromicrosomiameso- middle mesodermmethod/o procedure, technique methodology-mimesis imitation, simulation pathomimesismorph/o shape, form dolichomorphicmort/o death morticiannom/o custom, law nomotopicnomen- name nomenclaturenos/o disease nosologynucle/o nucleus nucleoplasmnutri/o, nutrit/o nourish nutritionole/o oil oleovitamin-oma tumor, mass histocytomaonc/o tumor, mass oncogenesisorgan/o organ organomegalypalliat/o soothe, relieve palliativepant/o all, whole pantomorphiapath/o disease pathogenicpharmac/o drugs pharmacologyphyl/o race, species, type phylogenesisphysi/o nature physiologistphysic/o physical, natural physicochemicalphyt/o, -phyte plant phytotoxinpin/o to drink pinocytosisplan/o flat, level, wandering planocellularplant/o sole of the foot plantalgia-plasm formation, growth neoplasmplex/o network (nerves plexectomy

or vessels), plexus-poiesis formation cytopoiesisposit/o arrangement, place repositionprosop/o face prosopospasmprote/o protein proteolysispsamm/o sand, psammomatous

sand-like materialpuls/o, pulsat/o to beat, beating pulsation-puncture to pierce a surface venipuncturepurul/o pus formation purulentpyr/o fire, fever, heat pyrogenpyret/o fever pyretolysis-receptor, receiver thermoreceptor-ceptorresuscit/o revive resuscitationreticul/o netlike reticularsanit/a health sanitarianscirrh/o hard scirrhomasomat/o body somatotype-some body chromosomespectr/o image, spectrum spectrogram-stabile stable, fixed thermostabile-stasis standing still, hemostasis

standing-stat device/instrument for hemostat

keeping somethingstationary

stere/o solid, stereoradiographythree dimensional

succ/o juice succorrheaymptom/o occurrence asymptomaticsynaps/o, point of contact, synaptogenesissynapt/o to joinsystem/o system systematicsystol/o contraction presystoletechn/o skill, art technologytele/o perfect, complete teleomitosistemp/o, period of time, tempolabiletempor/o the temples-therapy, treatment therapeuticstherapeut/otherm/o heat thermometertors/o twisting, twisted sinistrotorsiontrem/o, tremul/o shaking, trembling tremortri/o to sort out, sorting triage-tumescence, swelling detumescencetumesc/o-type, typ/o class, somatotype

representative formventil/o to aerate, oxygenate ventilationventr/o belly, ventrolateral

front of the bodyvers/o, -verse turn, turning cardioversionvir/o virus virologistviscer/o internal organs visceromegalyvit/o life vitalvolv/o, volut/o to roll involutionzyg/o union, junction zygogenesis

TERMINOLOGY SETS

2

A. Hearingacous/oacoust/oaudi/oaudit/o-cusis

B. Smellolfact/o-osmiaosm/o-ophresiaosphresi/o

C. Touchhaph/epselaphes/otact/othigm/o

D. Taste-geusiagustat/ogust/o

E. Vision-opia-opsiaopt/o

abdomen air all bileabdomin/o aer/o pan- bil/iceli/o phys/o pant/o chol/elapar/o pneum/o

pneumon/o

bladder blood body breastcyst/o hem/o corpor/o mamm/ovesic/o hemat/o somat/o mast/o

sangu/i -somesanguin/o

breathe cecum chest childbirth-pnea cec/o pector/o -pararespir/o typhl/o steth/o -parousrespirat/o thorac/o -partumspir/o -tocia

toc/o

cornea of death different diseasethe eye mort/o allo- nos/ocorne/o necr/o hetero- path/okerat/o thanat/o

dry ear eardrum eyekraur/o aur/o myring/o ocul/oxer/o auricul/o tympan/o opthalm/o

ot/o opt/o

eyelid face fat fecesblephar/o faci/o adip/o corp/opalpebr/o op/o lip/o scat/o

prosop/o steat/o sterc/opimel/o

fever first foot hairfebr/i arch/i ped/o pil/opyr/o arch/e pod/o trich/opyret/o -arche

primi-prot/o

half hearing heart heatdemi- acous/o cardi/o calor/ihemi- acoust/o coron/o therm/osemi- audi/o

audit/o-cusis

huge itching kidney lens of the eyegigant/o prurit/o nephr/o phac/omega- psor/o ren/o phak/omeglo-

life lip ligament little, smallbio- cheil/o desm/o -olebi/o chil/o ligament/o -ulevit/o labi/o syndesm/oviv/i

lung milk mind mouthpneum/o galact/o ment/o or/opneumon/o lact/o -noia stomat/opulmon/o phren/o

psych/o

mucus muscle nail nightblenn/o muscul/o onych/o noct/imuc/o my/o ungu/o nyct/omyx/o myos/o

nose nucleus oil ovarynas/o kary/o ele/o oophor/orhin/o nucle/o ole/o ovari/o

pain palate pregnancy pupil-algia palat/o -cyesis cor/odolor/o uran/o gravid/o pupill/o-dynia

rectum saliva same skinproct/o ptyal/o homeo- cutane/orect/o sial/o homo- derm/o

ipsi- dermat/otauto-

sound specialist stone straightson/o -ician lith/o ithy-phon/o -ist petr/o orth/o

-logist

strength sugar sweat swellingdynam/o gluc/o hidr/o -edema-sthenia glyc/o sud/o -tumescencesthen/o sacchar/o tumesc/o

tear thick time tonguedacry/o pachy- chron/o gloss/olacrim/o pycn/o temp/o lingu/o

pykn/o tempor/o

tooth tumor/mass uterus vaginadent/i onc/o hyster/o colp/oodont/o -oma metr/o vagin/o

uter/o

vein vertebral/spinal column vesselphleb/o rachi/o angi/oven/o spin/o vas/o

spondyl/o

vulva waterepisi/o aque/ovulv/o hydr/o

Aa-, an- without, notab- away fromabdomin/o abdomenablat/o to remove, take awayabrad/o, abras/o to scrape offacanth/o thorny, spinyacar/o mitesacid/o acid, sour, bitteracous/o hearingacoust/o hearing, soundacr/o extremitiesactin/o ray, radiationacu- needleacu/o, acut/o sharp, severead- toward, nearaden/o glandadenoid/o adenoidsadip/o fatadren/o adrenal glandsaer/o air, gasagglutin/o clumpingagit/o rapidity, restlessness-agogue producer, leader-agra severe painalb/o, albin/o whitealbumin/o albumin-algesia, alges/o pain sensitivity-algia painallo- other, differentalveol/o alveolusambi- around, on both sides, aboutambly/o dim, dullambul/o to walkammon/o ammoniumamni/o amnionamphi- around, on both sidesamyl/o starchan/o anusana- up, backward, againstandr/o maleaneurysm/o aneurysmangi/o vesselanis/o unequalankyl/o stiff, crooked, bentanomal/o irregularante- before, forwardanter/o frontanthrac/o coal, carbon, carbuncleanthrop/o man, human beinganti- againstantr/o antrumaort/o aorta-apheresis separation, removalaphth/o ulcerapic/o apexapo- away, separationaque/o waterarachn/o spiderarch/i, arch/e, -arche firstarsenic/o arsenicarteri/o arteryarteriol/o arteriolearthr/o jointarticul/o jointaspir/o, aspirat/o inhaling, removal-assay to examine, analyze-asthenia, asthen/o weaknessastr/o star, star shapedatel/o incomplete, imperfectather/o fatty substance, plaqueatmo- steam, vapor-atresia closure, occlusionatreto- closed, lacking an openingatri/o atriumatto- one quintillionth (10-18)audi/o, audit/o hearingaur/o, auricul/o earauscult/o, auscultat/o to listenauto- selfaux/o growth, accelerationaxi/o axisaxill/o armpitazot/o nitrogen, urea

-metry process of measuring-opsy to viewpalp/o, palpat/o to touch gentlypercuss/o to tapradi/o x-ray, radiation-scope instrument for visual examination

-scopy visual examination-tome instrument for cutting

F. PATHOGENSacar/o mitesarachn/o spiderbacteri/o bacteria-coccus berry-shaped bacteriumfung/i fungus, mushroomhelminth/o, -helminth wormhirud/i, hirudin/i leechixod/i ticksmyc/o fungusparasit/o parasitepedicul/o lousescolec/o wormverm/i wormvir/o virus

G. COLORSalb/o, albin/o whitechlor/o greencirrh/o orange-yellowcyan/o blueeosin/o red, rosy, dawnerythr/o redflav/o yellowfusc/o dark brownglauc/o gray, bluish greenjaund/o yellow

leuk/o whitelute/o yellowmelan/o blackpoli/o gray

purpur/i purplerhod/o red, rosyrose/o rosyrubr/o, rubr/i redtephr/o gray (ashen)xanth/o yellow

FIVE SENSES

SYNONYMS

GLOSSARY

3

Bbacteri/o bacteriabalan/o glans penisbalne/o bathbar/o weight, pressurebary- heavy, dull, hardbas/o, basi/o base, foundation-basia walkingbathy-, batho- deep, depthbi- twobibli/o booksbil/i bilebio-, bi/o life, livingblast/o, -blast early embryonic stage,

immatureblenn/o mucusblephar/o eyelidbrachi/o armbrachy- shortbrady- slowbrom/o bromine containing

compound, odorbronch/o bronchusbronchiol/o bronchiolebucc/o cheek-bulia, -boulia willburs/o bursa

Ccac/o bad, illcalcane/o heelcalci/o calcium-calculia, to computecalcul/ocali/o calyxcalor/i heatcampt/o bent-capnia, capn/o carbon dioxidecapsul/o, caps/o capsule, containercarb/o carboncarcin/o cancercardi/o heartcari/o cariescarp/o wristcata- down, under-cataphasia affirmationcathar/o, cleansing, purgingcathart/o-cathisia, sitting-kathisiacaud/o tailcaus/o, cauter/o burn, burningcavit/o, cav/o hollow, cavitycec/o cecum-cele hernia, swellingceli/o abdomen-centesis surgical puncture

of a cavitycenti- one hundredth ( 10-2)centr/o centercephal/o headcerebell/o cerebellumcerebr/o cerebrum, braincervic/o neck, cervix-chalasia relaxationcheil/o, chil/o lipchem/o chemical, chemistry-chezia, -chesia defecationchir/o, cheir/o handchlor/o greenchol/e gall, bilecholedoch/o common bile ductchondr/o cartilagechori/o chorion-chroia skin colorationchrom/o colorchron/o time, timingchrys/o goldchyl/o chyle-cide killing, agent which killscine- movementcircum- aroundcirrh/o orange-yellow-clasis, -clasia breakcleid/o clavicleclin/o to slope, bend-clysis irrigation, washingcoagul/o coagulation, clotting

-coccus berry-shaped bacteriumcoccyg/o coccyxcochle/o cochlea-coimesis sleepingcol/o coloncolp/o vaginacom-, con- with, together-coma deep sleepconi/o dustconjunctiv/o conjunctivaconsci/o awareness, awareconstrict/o narrowing, bindingcontra- against, oppositecontus/o to bruisecor/o pupilcorne/o corneacoron/o heartcorpor/o bodycortic/o cortexcost/o ribcox/o hipcrani/o skull-crasia mixture (good or bad),

temperamentcric/o ringcrin/o secrete, separate-crit separatecritic/o crisis, dangerouscry/o coldcrypt/o hidden, concealedcrystall/o crystal, transparentcubit/o elbow, forearmculd/o cul-de-saccune/o wedge, wedge-shapedcupr/o copper-cusis hearingcutane/o skincyan/o bluecycl/o ciliary body, circular-cyesis pregnancycyst/o bladder, cystcyt/o, -cyte cell

Ddacry/o teardactyl/o digit (finger or toe)deca- ten (101)deci- one tenth (10-1)demi- halfdem/o peopledent/i toothderm/o, skindermat/odesicc/o to dry-desis surgical fixation, fusiondesm/o ligamentdeuter/o second, secondarydextr/o rightdi- twodia- through, throughoutdidym/o a twin, testis-didymus conjoined twindilat/o enlarge,expanddipl/o doubledips/o thirstdis- apart, to separatedist/o distantdolich/o longdolor/o paindors/o backdrom/o, -drome runningduct/o to leadduoden/o duodenumdynam/o power, strength-dynia paindys- bad, difficult, painful

Eec-, ecto- outside, outechin/o spiny, pricklyecho- reverberating soundeco- environment-ectasis, -ectasia dilation, expansion-ectomy surgical removalectr/o congenital absence-edema swellingele/o oilelectr/o electricity

embol/o embolusembry/o embryo-emesis vomiting-emia blood conditionemmetr/o the correct measure,

proportioned-emphraxis stoppage, obstructionen-, endo- inside, withinenanti/o opposite, opposedencephal/o brainenter/o intestines (small

intestines)eosin/o red, rosy, dawnepi- above, over, uponepididym/o epididymisepiglott/o epiglottisepisi/o vulvaequi- equality, equalerethism/o irritationerg/o workerythem/o flushed, rednesserythr/o redeschar/o scabeso- withinesophag/o esophagusesthesi/o, sensation, feeling-esthesiaeti/o causeeu- good, normal, welleury- wide, broadex- out, away fromexa- quintillion (1018)excit/o to arouseexo- outside, outwardextra- outside

Ffaci/o face-facient to cause, make happenfasci/o fasciafebr/i feverfemor/o femurfemto- one quadrillionth (10-15)ferr/i, ferr/o ironfet/o fetusfibr/o fiber, fibrousfibul/o fibulafil/o, fil/i, thread, threadlikefilament/oflav/o yellowflex/o, flect/o bendflu/o, flux/o to flowfluor/o fluorinefollicul/o small sac, folliclefore- before, in front-form specified shape, formfrig/o, frigid/o coldfunct/o performancefung/i fungus, mushroomfusc/o dark brown

Ggalact/o milkgalvano- direct electric currentgamet/o gametegam/o marriage, sexual uniongangli/o, ganglionganglion/ogastr/o stomachge/o earth, soilgel/o to freeze, congealgemell/o twins-gen, gen/o producing, generating-genesis production, formation-genic produced by, forminggeni/o chingenit/o reproductionger/o, geront/o aged, old agegest/o, gestat/o to bear-geusia tastegiga- billion (109)gigant/o hugegingiv/o gumsglauc/o gray, bluish greengli/o glue, neuroglia-globin proteinglomerul/o glomerulusgloss/o tongue

gluc/o glucose, sugarglyc/o glucose, sugargnath/o jawgnos/o knowledgegon/o genitals, semengonad/o gonadsgoni/o angle-grade step-gram written recordgranul/o granules-graph instrument for recordinggraph/o writing-graphy process of recordinggravid/o pregnancy-gravida pregnant womangustat/o, gust/o tastegynec/o woman, femalegyr/o circle, spiral

Hhaph/e touchhapl/o simple, singlehect/o hundred (102)helc/o ulcerheli/o sunhelminth/o, worm-helminthhemi- halfhem/o, hemat/o bloodhepat/o liverheredo- heredityhetero- different, otherhex-, hexa- six-hexia conditionhepta- sevenhidr/o sweathirsut/o hairyhirud/i, hirudin/i leechhist/o tissueholo- entire, completehomeo- likeness, constant,

samenesshomo- same, similarhormon/o hormonehumer/o humerushyal/o resembling glass, glassyhydr/o water, hydrogenhygr/o moisturehymen/o hymenhyper- above, excessive, beyondhypn/o sleephypo- under, deficient, belowhypothalam/o hypothalamushypsi- highhyster/o uterus

Iiatr/o treatment, physicianichthy/o fish-ician specialisticter/o jaundiceide/o idea, mental imagesidi/o individual, distinct,

unknownile/o ileumili/o iliumimmun/o protection, immuneinfra- below, beneathinguin/o groininter- betweenintra- withiniod/o iodineion/o ionipsi- sameir/o, irid/o irisisch/o suppress, restrainischi/o ischiumis/o equal-ist specialistithy- erect, straight-itis inflammationixod/i ticks

Jjaund/o yellowjejun/o jejunumjuxta- near

4

Kkal/i potassiumkary/o nucleuskel/o tumor, fibrous growthken/o emptykerat/o horny tissue, corneakeraun/o lightningketon/o ketoneskilo- thousand (103)kinesi/o, movement-kinesia, -kineticklept/o theft, stealingkoil/o hollow, concave,

depressedkraur/o drykym/o waveskyph/o humpback

L-labile unstable, perishablelacrim/o tear, lacrimal ductlact/o milklal/o, -lalia speech, babblelamin/o laminalampr/o clearlapar/o abdomen,

abdominal walllaryng/o larynxlater/o sidelaxat/o to slacken, relax,

loosenlecith/o yolk, ovum-legia readinglei/o smooth-lemma confining membranelepid/o flakes, scaleslepr/o leprosy-lepsy seizurelept/o slender, thin, delicateletharg/o drowsinessleuk/o whitelevo- left-lexia speech, wordlien/o spleenligament/o ligamentligat/o binding, tyinglim/o hungerlingu/o tonguelip/o fat-lipsis omit, fail-listhesis slippinglith/o stone, calculuslob/o lobelogad/o whites of the eyeslog/o, -log, word, speech, -logue thought-logist specialist-logy study ofloph/o ridgelord/o curvature, bendinglox/o oblique, slanting-lucent light-admittingluc/i lightlucid/o clearlumb/o loinlumin/o lightlute/o yellowluxat/o dislocately/o dissolve, loosenlymph/o lymph-lysis dissolution, breakdown

M-malacia softeningmamm/o breast-mania madness, obsessive

preoccupation-masesis mastication, chewingmast/o breastmaxill/o maxillamedi/o middlemediastin/o mediastinummedic/o heal, healingmedull/o medulla, marrowmega- million (106)mega-, megalo- large-megaly enlargementmel/o limbs, limb

melan/o blackmeli-, melit- honey, sugarmen/o menses, menstruationmening/o meninges, membranesment/o mindmer/o partmeso- middlemeta- after, beyond, changemetall/o metal-meter instrument for measuringmethod/o procedure, techniquemetr/o uterus-metry process of measuringmicro- one millionth (10-6),

smallmi/o less, smallermilli- one thousandth (10-3)-mimesis imitation, simulationmis/o hatred of, aversion-mnesia memorymogi- difficultmono- onemorph/o shape, formmort/o death-motor movement, motionmuc/o mucusmulti- many, muchmuscul/o musclemutilat/o to maim, disfiguremy/o, myos/o musclemyc/o fungusmyel/o bone marrow, spinal cordmyring/o eardrummyx/o mucus

Nnano- one billionth (10-9)narc/o numbness, stupornas/o nosenat/o birthnatr/o sodiumnecr/o deathneo- newnephr/o kidneyneur/o nerveneutr/o neutralnev/o mole, birthmarknoci- to cause harm, injury

or painnoct/i nightnod/o knot-noia mind, willnom/o custom, lawnomen- namenoni- ninenorm/o normal, usualnos/o diseasenot/o the backnucle/o nucleusnulli- nonenutri/o, nutrit/o nourishnyct/o night

Oobstetr/o midwifeocta-, octi- eightocul/o eyeodont/o tooth-oid resembling-ole little, smallole/o oilolfact/o smellolig/o scanty, few, little-oma tumor, massom/o shoulderomphal/o navelonc/o tumor, massonych/o nailo/o egg, ovumoophor/o ovaryophry/o eyebrowophthalm/o eye-opia, -opsia visionopisth/o backward, behindop/o juice, face-opsy to viewopt/o eye, visionor/o mouth

orch/o, orchi/o, testisorchid/o-orexia appetiteorgan/o organornith/o birdorth/o straight, normal, correctosche/o scrotumoscill/o to swing-osis condition, status,

abnormal increaseosm/o, -osmia sense of smell, odor,

impulseosphresi/o, sense of smell, odor-osphresiaoste/o boneot/o earov/o, ov/i egg, ovumovari/o ovaryox/o, -oxia oxygenoxy- sharp, quick, sour

Ppachy- thick-pagus conjoined twinspalat/o palatepale/o oldpalin-, pali- recurrence, repetitionpalliat/o soothe, relievepalp/o, palpat/o to touch gentlypalpebr/o eyelidpalpit/o, palpitat/o flutter, throbbingpan- allpancreat/o pancreaspant/o all, wholepapill/o nipple-like, papillapapul/o papule, pimplepara- alongside, near, beyond,

abnormal-para, -parous to bear, bring forthparasit/o parasiteparathyroid/o parathyroid-paresis partial paralysis-partum childbirth, laborpatell/o patellapath/o disease -pause cessationpector/o chestped/o foot, childpedicul/o lousepel/o mudpelv/i pelvis-penia deficiencypent-, penta- five-pepsia digestionper- through, throughoutpercuss/o to tapperi- around, surroundingperine/o perineumperitone/o peritoneumper/o deformed, maimedperone/o fibulaperspir/o breathe throughpest/i plague, pestspeta- quadrillion (1015)-petal moving toward, seekingpetr/o stone, petrous region

of temporal bone-pexy fixationphac/o lens phag/o, -phagia eating, ingestionphak/o lens phalang/o phalangesphall/o penisphaner/o visible, apparentpharmac/o drugsphas/o, -phasia speechphe/o duskyphen/o appearance-pheresis removal-phil, -philia affinity for, tendency

towardsphim/o muzzlephleb/o vein-phobia, phob/o fear, aversionphon/o, -phonia voice, sound-phore, phor/o bearer, processor-phoresis bearing, transmissionphosphat/o phosphate

phot/o lightphren/o mind, diaphragmphyc/o seaweed, algaephyl/o race, species, type-phylaxis protectionphyll/o leaf, leaf-like-phyma tumor, growthphysic/o physical, naturalphysi/o naturephys/o air, gas-physis growth, growingphyt/o, -phyte plantpico- one trillionth (10-12)picr/o bitterpiez/o, pies/i, pressure-piesispil/o hairpimel/o fat, fattypin/o to drinkpineal/o pineal glandpituitar/o pituitary glandplagi/o slanting, obliqueplan/o flat, level, wanderingplant/o sole of the foot-plasm formation, growthplasm/o plasma, formative

substance-plasty surgical correction/repairplaty- broad, flatple/o more-plegia paralysisplesi/o nearness, similaritypless/i strikingpleur/o pleuraplex/o network (nerves or

vessels), plexusplic/o, plicat/o to fold, pleat-ploid, -ploidy number of chromosome

setspluri- more, several-pnea breathepneum/o lung, airpneumon/o lung, airpod/o foot-poiesis formationpoikil/o variation, irregularpoli/o gray (matter)poly- many, muchpon/o fatigue, overwork, pain-pore, por/o opening, passageway-porosis porous, decrease in

density-posia drinkingposit/o arrangement, placepost- after, behindposter/o behind, towards the backpotenti/o power, strength-prandial meal-praxia action, activitypre- before, in front ofpresby- aging, elderlyprimi- first-privia loss, deprivationpro- beforeproct/o rectum, anuspros/o forward, anteriorprosop/o faceprostat/o prostate glandprote/o proteinprot/o firstproxim/o nearprurit/o itchingpsamm/o sand, sand-like materialpselaphes/o touchpseudo- falsepsor/o itchingpsych/o mindpsychr/o cold-pterygium abnormality of the

conjunctivapteryg/o wing-shaped-ptosis prolapse, droopingptyal/o saliva-ptysis spittingpub/o pubispulmon/o lungpuls/o, pulsat/o to beat, beating

5

-puncture to pierce a surfacepupill/o pupilpurgat/o cleansingpurpur/i purplepurul/o pus formationpy/o puspyel/o renal pelvispyg/o buttockspykn/o, pycn/o thick, densepyl/e portal veinpylor/o pyloruspyret/o feverpyrex/o feverishness, feverpyr/o heat, fire, fever

Qquadri- fourquinque- fivequint/i fifth

Rrachi/o spineradi/o x-ray, radiationradicul/o nerve rootram/i branchre- back, again-receptor, -ceptor receiverrect/o rectumreflex/o, reflect/o to bend backregistrat/o recordingrelaps/o to slide backren/o kidneyrespir/o, respirat/o breathe, breathingresuscit/o revivereticul/o netlikeretin/o retinaretract/o drawing backretro- behind, backwardrhabd/o rodrhabdomy/o striated/skeletal

musclerhe/o flow, current, streamrhin/o noserhiz/o rootrhod/o red, rosyrhytid/o wrinklerose/o rosyrot/o, rotat/o turn, revolve-rrhagia, -rrhage excessive flow,profuse

fluid discharge-rrhaphy suture-rrhea flow, discharge-rrhexis rupturerrhythm/o rhythm-rubr/o, rubr/i red

Ssacchar/o sugarsacr/o sacrumsalping/o fallopian tubesangu/i, sanguin/o bloodsanit/a healthsap/o soapsapr/o rotten, decaysarc/o fleshsaur/o lizardscaph/o a scapha, boat-shapedscapul/o scapulascat/o fecesscel/o, -scelia legschist/o, -schisis split, cleftschiz/o split, divisionscint/i sparkscirrh/o hardscler/o sclera-sclerosis hardeningscolec/o wormscoli/o crooked, twisted-scope instrument for visual

examination-scopy visual examinationscot/o darknessscrib/o, script/o to writeseb/o sebum

-sect to cutsecund/i secondsedat/o to calmsemi- halfsemin/i semensenil/o old, old agesens/o, sensat/o feeling, perceptionsensor/i sensory-sepsis, septic/o putrefaction,

putrifyingsept-, septi- sevensept/o partitionser/o serum, seroussesqui- one and a halfsex- sixsial/o salivasicc/o to drysider/o ironsigmoid/o sigmoid colonsilic/o silica, quartzsinistr/o leftsinus/o, sin/o cavity, sinussit/o foodskelet/o skeletonsoci/o social, societysodi/o compound containing

sodiumsolut/o dissolvedsomat/o body-some bodysomn/i, -somnia sleepson/o soundspan/o scanty, scarce-spasm, spasm/o involuntary

contractionspectr/o image, spectrumsperm/o, spermatozoaspermat/osphen/o wedge, sphenoid bonespher/o round, spheresphygm/o pulse-sphyxia pulsespin/o spinal cord, spinespir/o breathesplanchn/o viscerasplen/o spleenspondyl/o vertebrae, spinal

columnspongi/o spongelike, spongyspor/o spore, seedsquam/o squamous, scales-stabile stable, fixed-stalsis contractionstaped/o stapesstaphyl/o uvula, grape like

clusters-stasis standing still, standing-stat device/instrument for

keeping something stationary

steat/o fat-stenosis, sten/o narrowed, constrictedstere/o solid, three

dimensionalsteril/o barrenstern/o sternumsteth/o cheststhen/o, -sthenia strengthstich/o, -stichia rowsstigmat/o mark, pointstomat/o mouth-stomy surgical openingstrat/i layerstrept/o twisted, curvedstrict/o to tighten, bind-stroma supporting tissue of

an organstroph/o twistedsub- under, beneathsucc/o juicesuct/o to sucksud/o sweatsulc/o furrow, groovesuper- above, beyondsupra- above, beyond

suspend/o, to hang up, suspendsuspens/osym-, syn- with, togethersymptom/o occurrencesynaps/o, synapt/o point of contact, to

joinsyndesm/o ligament, connective

tissuesynov/o synovia, synovial

membranesyphil/o syphilissyring/o tube, fistulasystem/o systemsystol/o contractionsyzygi/o bound together,

conjunction

Ttachy- fasttact/o touchtal/o talustaph/o gravetapin/o lowtars/o tarsus, edge of eyelidtauto- identical, same-taxia, tax/o arrangement,

coordinationtechn/o skill, arttect/o roofliketegment/o coveringtel/e end, distanttel/o endtele/o perfect, completetemp/o, tempor/o period of time, the

templesten/o tendontenont/o tendon-tension, tens/o stretched, strainedtephr/o gray (ashen)tera- trillion (1012)terat/o monstertermin/o boundary, limitterti- thirdtest/o, testicul/o testistetan/o tetanustetra- fourthalam/o thalamusthanat/o deaththec/o sheaththel/o nippletheor/o speculation-therapy, therapeut/o treatmenttheri/o animalstherm/o heatthigm/o touchthio- presence of sulfurthorac/o chestthromb/o clot, thrombus-thymia mind, emotionsthym/o thymus glandthyr/o thyroid glandtibi/o tibiatoc/o, -tocia childbirth, labor-tome instrument for cuttingtom/o a cutting (section/layer)-tomy surgical incisionton/o tone, tensiontonsill/o tonsilstop/o particular place or areatorpid/o sluggish, inactivetors/o twisting, twistedtox/o, toxic/o poisontrachel/o necktrache/o tracheatrachy- roughtrans- acrosstraumat/o trauma, injury, woundtrem/o, tremul/o shaking, trembling-tresia opening, perforationtri- threetri/o to sort out, sortingtrich/o hair-tripsy to crush, break-trophy, troph/o nourishment, growth-tropia to turn

tubercul/o tubercle, tuberculosistub/o tube-tumescence, swellingtumesc/oturbid/i cloudy, confusedturg/o, turgid/o to swell, swollentympan/o eardrum (tympanic

membrane)-type, typ/o class, representa

-tive formtyphl/o cecum,

blindnesstyph/o typhus, typhoidtyr/o cheese, caseous

U-ule little, smallul/o scar, scarringultra- beyond, excessun- not, reversalungu/o nailuni- oneuran/o palate-uresis urinationureter/o ureterurethr/o urethra-uria urine conditionuric/o uric acidurin/o urineur/o urineuter/o uterusuve/o uveauvul/o uvula

Vvaccin/o vaccinevag/o vagus nervevagin/o vaginavalv/o, valvul/o valvevaric/o varicose veinsvari/o, variat/o change, varyvas/o vessel, vas deferensvascul/o blood vesselven/o veinvenere/o sexual intercourseventil/o to aerate,

oxygenateventr/o belly, front of

the bodyventricul/o ventricle of the

heart or brainvenul/o venuleverm/i wormverruc/i wartvers/o, -verse turn, turningvertebr/o vertebravesic/o urinary bladdervesicul/o seminal vesicle, a

vesiclevestibul/o vestibulevibr/o, vibrat/o to quiver, shakeviril/o masculine, manlyvir/o virusviscer/o internal organsviscid/o, viscos/o sticky, glutinousvitell/o yolkvit/o, vital/o lifevitre/o glassy, vitreous bodyviv/i life, alive-volemia blood volumevolv/o, volut/o to rollvulv/o vulva

Xxanth/o yellowxen/o strange, foreign matterxer/o dryxiph/o sword-shaped, xiphoid

Zzon/i, zon/o zone, encircling regionzo/o animalzyg/o union, junctionzym/o enzyme, ferment

CREDITSAuthor: Dr. Corinne B. Linton

This QuickStudy ® reference guide is a comprehensive listof medical terminology. Use it to your advantage in class, dur-ing homework and as a memory refresher while preparing forexams. Reinforce your knowledge of medical terminologywith this convenient guide. This is a powerful study tool thatcan be quickly and repeatedly referred to during and wellbeyond your college years.

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