quoting for success

B1 Level 1Quoting for Success

Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 2 /18

Read about Anthonys journey to finding the sources

he needs to continue with his project

1. Reading strategies

1.1. Skimming

1.2. Scanning

2. Quoting

2.1. Plagiarism

2.2. Quoting styles

2.2.1. Quote in text

2.2.1.1. Direct quote

2.2.1.2. Paraphrasing

2.2.1.3. Inclusion of images and Graphics

2.2.2. The reference list

3. Final Remarks

4. References

5. Credits

pages

CONTENTS

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1. Reading strategies

Well, now that Ive learned how to use research tools in order to find useful information to be included in my project as support, it is time for me to write the justification for my projects proposal.

I need to include relevant information and research findings But theres so much information about the effectiveness of recycling paper at home! It would take me forever to go through all of that! What can I do, Professor Brown?

Well Anthony, in order to go through a large amount of information in a shorter period of time than it would normally take, there are a couple of reading strategies that you should take into account: SKIMMING and SCANNING.

Both techniques have different steps to be followed in order for you to identify the most relevant information relatively quickly. Let me show you what the steps are through a couple of infographics.

Reading strategies


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Reading strategies

1.1 Skimming

THE ROAD TO SKIMMING

It consists on moving your eyes very quickly over the text so you can get the main ideas and a general overview of its content. This helps you to classify relevant material to be read more carefully later.

Take a look at the steps you need to follow (Steps in skimming an article, n.d., para.1):

Step 1

Read the title.

Step 2

Read the introduction

Step 5

Make your eyes run fast over several lines at once.

Step 3

Step 7

Step 4

(if any) and look for

Step 6

Pay special attention to these words:

- Clue words that answer the questions who, what, when, how, why- Proper nouns- Capitalized words- Enumeration

- Words in italics, boldface, underlined, with an *asterisk, etc.


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1.2. Scanning

THE ROAD TO SCANNING

With this technique, you can locate a specific fact or piece of information without reading the entire text.

The road to scanning comprehends the following steps (Steps in scanning an article, n.d., para.1):

Reading strategies

Step 4

Step 5

has the information you need, read it completely.

Step 1

Keep in mind what

for at all times.

Step 2

Anticipate the form in which the information is likely to appear: proper nouns, numbers, etc.

Step 3

That way, if it is a relatively short or familiar text, then you will be able to scan it

then you will need to scan it to identify what the relevant part of the material is.


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Quoting

Well, after implementing those techniques, I have enough information to write my projects justification. There are many people interested in re-cycling with great ideas and conceptions! Ill include them in my projectbut how?

Thats a very good question, Anthony! There are many things to consider when you include ideas and discoveries from other people in an academic paper or project. Before telling you how to do it, theres a concept you need to learn.

2.1 Plagiarism

Take a look at the following situation. Is the politician doing something incorrect?

This guy is clearly taking the lines hes saying from a very famous speech written by Martin Luther King. But he didnt say where he took them from. Representing someone elses work as your own and not giving them credit for it is called PLAGIARISM.

2. Quoting

the color of their skin but by the content of their character

Hum That speech sounds quite familiar

That's because it's Martin Luther

for it. Who does he think he's


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The same thing happens when you include in your project ideas and/or discoveries made by someone else and not their names and the sources you obtained the information from. You have to make sure to include this information, since if you do not do so, it would be like if you claimed those ideas came directly from your mind. This constitutes a serious infringement and even a crime.

2.2. Quoting Style

In order to avoid plagiarism, it is necessary to quote properly. For that purpose, there are many citation styles used in the different fields of knowledge.

The most common ones worldwide are APA, MLA, and VANCOUVER. In this guide, we will also cover ICONTEC, which is relevant for us as Colombians.

QUOTE: to repeat or copy the words of another person, usually without acknowledgement of the source (2000).

Quoting

SOME CITATION STYLES

APA

(American Psychological Association)

MLA

(Modern Language

Association)

VANCOUVER ICONTEC

(Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tcnicas y

Certificacin)


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Now, lets check some generalities about the different types of quotation in each one of the styles.

2.2.1. Quote in text

In the main body of your project, you will need to quote ideas or discoveries that help answering your research questions. These ideas and discoveries can be quoted within a paragraph or at the end of it, and must not be confused with the reference list (which goes at the end of the project or paper and shows all the sources you took the information from).

First, I am going to explain how to quote in the main body of your project. There are two kinds of in-text-quote: direct quote and paraphrasing. Lets explore them!

2.2.1.1. Direct quote

Here, we include the exact same words the author(s) published in their work. This is an example of how you would quote Freud using APA:

Each style offers an option to quote less than 40 words. Take a look at the instructions for each one of the styles and some examples in chart 1:

... in other words: Lorem ipsum, lorem ipsum Freud (1985, p.78).

Quoting


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Quoting

APA: Include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by p.).

MLA: Include the authors name and page numbers.

VANCOUVER: Each piece of quote introduced in your text needs to have a unique number, assigned in the order of citation. Refer readers to the source with an Arabic number in brackets. This number corresponds to your reference list at the end of the project.

ICONTEC: These norms demand you to include the information about the text as a footnote on the same page.

# OF WORDS UNDER 40

APA

- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper (1961) refers to this phenomenon as a cumulative collaboration of evidence (p.49).

- This phenomenon is best referred to as a cumulative collaboration of evidence (Pepper, 1961, p. 49)

MLA

- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a cumulative collaboration of evidence(49).

- This phenomenon is best referred to as a cumulative collaboration of evidence (Pepper 49).

VANCOUVER- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a cumulative collaboration of evidence(1).

ICONTEC

- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a cumulative collaboration of evidence1

1. PEPPER, Stephen C. World Hypotheses. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961, p. 49.

Chart 1: Quoting less than 40 words (information taken and adapted from The Purdue OWL: APA Style., n.d.).


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# OF WORDS UNDER 40

APA

Joness (1998) study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

MLA

Joness study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (199)

VANCOUVER

Joness study (2) found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help (199)

ICONTEC

Joness study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (199)1

1. JONES, Book name. City: Press, year, p.#.

Chart 2: Quoting over 40 words (information taken and adapted from The Purdue OWL: APA Style., n.d.).

For quotes of more than 40 words, the different styles follow the same structure as in the previous examples, but dont require quotation marks (except VANCOUVER). When introducing the quote use indentation, as seen in chart 2:

Quoting


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Quoting

2.2.1.2. Paraphrasing

We refer to another persons idea but dont write it exactly as they did.

Lets check how to paraphrase an idea in the style of APA, MLA, VANCOUVER and ICONTEC. You can find the instructions for each one of the styles and some examples in chart 3:

APA

Include the authors name and the year of publication (including the page number is not mandatory):

According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners. APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

MLA

Include the authors name and page number:

According to Jones, APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (199). APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones199).

VANCOUVER

Include the authors name and reference number. You can also include the page:

According to Jones (3, p 199), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.

ICONTEC

Include the same information used in the footnotes from the previous example:

According to Jones, APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners. 1

1. JONES, Book name. City: Press, year, p.#.

Chart 3: Paraphrasing (information taken and adapted from The Purdue OWL: APA Style., n.d.).


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Quoting

2.2.1.3. Inclusion of images and graphics

In order to use graphics created by other person, you need to have their written consent for you to use their work; or you must take the item from a free shared resources stock. The elements you find in this kind of websites are of free use. Some of them are:

- www.search.creativecommons.org

- www.shutterstock.com/

- www.stockvault.net/c/graphics

- http://www.freephotosbank.com/

Now, although these images are free, it is necessary to give the author credit. Lets say you want to include the following picture of recycling bins in your project:

Then, you need to give credit to the artist when you use his image as a source.

You can also include a comment on the piece, but make sure to include the artists name and year of creation:

Recycling bins for aluminum cans, scrap metals, plastic bottles, regular trash and paper. Taken by epSos.de (2011).


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Quoting

2.2.2. The reference list

In order to help the reader find the source the ideas were taken from, you need to introduce a reference list at the end of your project, including important information such as the authors full name, the name of the book, website, etc., year of publication, among others. The following chart shows some examples of how to include different kinds of sources in your reference list.

RESOURCE APA MLA VANCOUVER ICONTEC

BOOK

Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivores dilemma New York, NY: Penguin

Group.

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma. New York: Penguin

Group,2006.Print.

Pollan, M. The omnivores dilemma.

New York, NY: Penguin Group; c2006.

POLLAN, Michael. The Omnivores

Dilemma. New York: Penguin Group,2006.

ONLINE BOOK

Milton, J.(1667). Paradise lost: Book I. Poetry

Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poem.

html?id=174002

Milton, John.Paradise

Lost: Book I. Poetryfoundation.

org. Poetry Foundation, 2008. Web. 14Dec.2008.

Milton, J. Paradise lost: Book I. [Internet].

Poetry Foundation; 1667- [updated 2008,

cited 2008 Dec 14] Available from http://

www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poem.

html?id=174002

MILTON, John.1667. Paradise Lost: Book

I. [online book] Available online at

[Accessed on

14-12- 2008.]


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IMAGES/ GRAPHICS

Goya, F. (1800). The family of Charles IV. Museo Nacional del rado. Retrieved from http://www.

metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goya/hd_goya.htm

Goya, Francisco. The Family of

Charles IV. 1800.Museo Nacional

del Prado, Madrid. Museo Nacional

del Prado. Web. 22 May 2006.

Goya, F. Museo Nacional del Prado.

The family of Charles IV. [image on the

Internet]. [1800]. [cited 2006 May 22]. Available

from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goya/hd_goya.htm

GOYA, F. 1800. The family of Charles

IV. [Painting] Available online at http://www.

metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goya/hd_

goya.htm

WEBSITE

United States Environmental

Protection Agency. (2004, July). Drinking

water standards. Retrieved from US EPA

websitehttp://water.epa.gov/drink


Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards. EPA, 8 July 2004. Web. 24Jan.2006


Protection Agency. [Internet]. United

States: US EPA; 2004. Drinking water

standards; 2004 [cited 2006 24 Jan]. [about one

screen] Available from http://water.epa.gov/

drink

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION AGENCY. DRINKING WATER STANDARDS.

EPA. http://water.epa.gov/drink

Quoting


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MEDIA

Youtube video: Murphy, B. (2008, September 19).

Tips For a good profile piece.[YouTube]. Project: Report.

Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k/

Film: Guggenheim, D.

(Director), &Bender,L.(Producer). (2006). An inconvenient

Truth [DVD]. United States:Paramount Home

Entertainment

Youtube video: Murphy, Beth.

Tips for a Good Profile Piece.

Project: Report. YouTube,7Sept.

2008. Web.19 Sept. 2008.

Film: An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. David

Guggenheim. Narr.AlGore.

Paramount,2006. DVD.

Youtube video: Murphy, Beth. Tips for a Good Profile

Piece. Project: Report. [Internet]. [Place

unknown]: [Publisher unknown]: 2008

Sept 7 [cited 2008 Sep 19]- Streaming

video: 8:57 min. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k/

Film: An Inconvenient Truth.

[Film] Directed by: David Guggenheim.

USA: Paramount; 2006.

Youtube video: MURPHY, B. 2008,

September 19. Tips For a good

profile piece. [YouTube].Retrieved

from http://www.youtube.com/

tch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k

Film: GUGGENHEIM, D. An inconvenient

Truth[film]. Produced by L .Bender, United States: 2006. 1 DVD,

44:43, color.

Chart 4: Citation in the reference list, adapted from The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart, created by J. King

Quoting


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3. Final Remarks

All right, thanks to Professor Brown, I think I learned everything I need to write my projects justification. I will make sure to remember:

- I need to stick to a single citation style while writing my project.

- I need to look for ways of making my project interesting to the reader. There are many resources I can make the best out of.

- I have to give credit to the people who came up with the ideas I include in my project by following the norms stated by the citation style of my preference.

- Do my best when writing my project. My effort will surely pay off!

Final Remarks


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References

4. References

- Documenting Sources: The Vancouver Style (2012). Retrieved from: http://www. ucalgary.ca/ssc/files/ssc/BMJ%20Vancouver%20Style%20-%20May%202012.pdf

- EpSos.de (2011). Recycling bins. Retrieved from:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/5693012875/

- King R., J. (n.d). The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart. Retrieved from: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20110928111055_949.pdf

- MLA Style Aid. (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.wou.edu/provost/library/clip/mla/

- Quote [Def. 1]. (n.d.). In The Free Dictionary, Retrieved from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quote

- Skimming and Scanning: Reading and Studying Skills Lab (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.aacc.edu/tutoring/file/skimming.pdf

- The Purdue OWL: APA Style. (n.d). Retrieved from: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/

- Urban, B. (2012). Normas ICONTEC para trabajos escritos. Retrieved from: www.colconectada.com/normas-icontec/

- Vancouver Style (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.bcit.ca/files/library/pdf/bcit-vancouverstyle.pdf


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Credits

5. Credits

Pedagogical direction: Paul Cifuentes Velzquez Carlos Javier Amaya

Direction of Art: Csar Augusto Pez Ramos

ICT leadership: Yeison Ospina Marn

Quality Management: Juan Carlos Rojas Lozada Ingrid Carolina Flrez Urzola Giovanni Martin

Document composition: Vanessa Snchez Guayazn

Content support: Vanessa Snchez Guayazn

Multimedia development: Daniela Vives

quoting for success

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aprendizaje sena

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piece of information

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couple of reading strategies

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