30 Nshien ciru Ion giao. Sd lO - zouy

^ QURN DI€M PHn CHRP TRONG THI€N HOC

cun TU€ TRUNG THUONG SI

T ue Trung ThUdng Si T r i n Tung (1230-1291) la hgc trd xua't s i c n h a t

ciia thien sU Tieu Dao - mgt n h a n va t ndi t ieng cuoi thdi Ly. Tue T r u n g khdng chi la t h i y cua vua T r i n N h a n Tdng, eiia phai True Lam ma cdn la n h a tU tUdng cua dan tgc Dai Viet, Cugc ddi va sii nghiep cua Tue T r u n g Thugng Si la met tam gUdng sang, cd I n h hudng khdng cbi ddi vdl Phat giao thdi T r i n ma cdn ddi vdi khdng khf hgc t h u a t ciia thdi ki dd. Ong la mgt nha thien hgc da dem tU tudng cua minh gdp p h i n tao nen tU tudng Thien True Lam Viet Xam.

Trong khudn kho bai \ i e t nay. chiing tdi chi de cap den quan diem Phd chap t rong Thien hgc cua Tue Trung ThUdng Si.

Theo Pha t giao. chap la co' chap, me chap, khdng dung ma chap la dung, khdng tha t ma chap la tha t , khd ma chap la sUdng, th ien kien dUng ve mgt phfa. Pha chap la pha bd tU tUdng chd r i n g giad li k inh dien n h a P h a t la hean tdan diing dan. Pha chap la hieu va h a n h dgng vUdt len t r en giae If, tii dd vach ra cen dudng mdi di den giac ngg. Thee mgt nghia nan dd. pha chap ciing la ddi mdi ma trUdc be t la ddi mdi n h a n thUc. h a n h dgng. Ndi each khac. pha chap la t iep t h u tmh hoa van hoa lich sif t ren t inh t h i n phe phan, khdng r a p khudn may mdc.

Tu tudng phii chap xuat hien r a t sdm t rong cac k inh cua P h a t giao, Khi cdn tai the Due Pha t thu'dng ndi; "Trdng sud't bd'n

NGIYEN D i e DIEN'*'

mUdi chin n a m t h u y e t phap , ta chUa he ndi mgt Idi nao". Ldi ndi ay de nhac nhd ngUdi hgc dad pha i n a m lay cai "tU tudng", cai "hdn" t rong k i n h chif khdng pha i chap vao cau chii t rong k inh . Trong k inh Vien gidc ciing viet. eac ldi day trong k inh chang k h a c nae ngdn tay chi mat t r ang . X^eu thay m a t t r a n g rdi thi cd the biet cai de chi' m a t t r a n g (ngdn tay) khong pha i la ma t t r ang . Ta t d ldi ndi ciia N h u Lai . Bd t a t ciing deu n h u the.

Trong qua t r inh t h a m nhap va phat tr ien ciia P ha t giao Viet Nam. tU tudng pha chap da du'dc cac thien sU tiep thu. Ke thifa tu tudng pha chap ciia cac thien sU di trUdc, Tue Trung dac biet quan tam den viec "pha chap" vao giao li va coi dd nhU mgt phUdng phap ngg dao. Ddi vdi Tue Trung, pha chap la mgt sii pha t trien theo hudng phii dinh bien chifng trong nhan thUc. giiip eon ngUdi n h a n h chdng dat den ban the. Theo dng, mud'n giac ngg, hanh gia khdng chi "dap pha" nhi nguyen (vong nhi kien) ma cdn "dap pha" ca khai niem. Vdi quan niem ay. Tue Trung da dimg nhiing " ddn " m a n h liet n h a m giai phong ngUdi hge dao thoat khdi sii me chap vao giao If. Trong qua t r inh n h a n thiic ban the. "pha chap" dUdc Tue T rung van dung mot each triet de va toan dien. nhUng tap trung chii yeu d ba "bUdc": gidi. dinh, tue. Ba "budc" nay dUdc 'vi n h u cae giai doan ciia qua t r inh triic n h a n b a n the.

. TS. Triei hpc. Dai hpc Y khoa Ha Npi.

Nguyen Dtrc Dien. Quan diem phd chap trong Thien Iwc. 31

Ddi vdi Pha t giao. thi gidi cd vai trd nen t ang t ren con dUdng giac ngg. NgUdi hgc nhd ccng phu tri gidi ma cc dUdc trf tue sang sudt. Theo Tue Trung. gidi chi la phifdng tien. Mudn giac ngg chan h, ngUdi hgc dad khdng nen chap vao giao If ma phai vUdt len t ren giao If. Do do, Tue Trung yeu d u ngUdi hgc phai hieu ban chat ciia gidi n h a m muc dich gi, chU khong the dUa vao gidi mgt each may mdc. Khdng chi pha chap t rong gidi luat, nhieu van de t rong kinh Pha t ciing dUdc Tue Trung n h a n thUc thee t inh t h i n ay. Trdng sii nghiep h a n h dao, Tue Trung cd ra t nhieu cugc ddi thoai, t rong dd dng thifdng dung phap Thoai ddu, Cdng dn de khai thi cho hgc trd. Chang ban . mgt hom cd vi tang den hdi Tue Trung: "The nae la thanh t inh phap than", Tue Trung tra ldi:

"Ra vad trong nUdc dai t rau,

Chui rue giiia dong phiin ngiia"'",

Tue Trung cho rang, khong nen phi thdi gian vad nhUng chuyen da ban nhieu va khong bao gid gi l i quyet dUdc, khcng hay hd gi. Tue Trung pha chap vac tU tUdng mud'n gi l i thich ve Pha t phap. Vi tang lai bdi: Vay lam the nao de chifng ngg dUdc? Tue Trung dap: Khdng cd niem nhd ban tUc la phap than t hanh tinh. Tue Trung dgc bai ke;

"Xua nay kheng ban, sach,

Phap than khcng vUdng mac,

Nad "trgc" vdi nac "thanh!"

Biin, sach deu bU danh'"'.

"Ban, sach" la kha i niem do con ngUdi tu bay dat, ddi vdi dad thi kha i niem ay am chi sii t hanh t inh hay khcng thanh tinh. Thee Tue Trung, ban, sach deu la mgt. NgUdi hgc dd me chap nen sinh ra phan biet, cung nhU t inh Pha t thi ai ciing cc, ciing gieng nhau nen phai pha chap triet de vac nhUng quan niem ay. Tren cd sd dd. dng dUa ngUdi bgc dac den vdi phap

than nhu met thiic tai, vUdt qua khai niem t h a n h t inh va d nhiem.

L i n khac, cd ngUdi hdi Tue Trung: Trong giao If Pha t ndi: "Khdng tifc la sac, s i c tUc la kheng, y nghia the nao? Tue Trung t ra ldi: NgUdi cc sac than khong? Vay sao ndi "sac tifc la khcng?" NgUdi cc nhin thay cai "khdng" c6 tudng mao gi khong? Vay sao ndi "khdng tUc la sac", Tue Trung dgc bai ke:

"Sac vd'n chang phai khdng,

Khong vd'n khdng phai sac"'''',

Bai ke t ren cd ve di ngUdc lai vdi giad li kinh dien, nhUng thiic te Tue Trung phe phan nhUng ngUdi do chap (me chap), khdng biet dau la gi l , dau la tha t nen khi ndi "sac tUc la khong, khong tUc la sac" lien chap ludn vao dd. Suy cho cimg thi "sac" va "khong" cung chi la nhUng ao giac, do t am vgng, do nhi kien ma ra. Ong noi tiep:

"Sac tUc la khong, khdng tUc sac,

Ba ddi chU P ha t quyen bien dat.

Kheng vdn khdng sac, sac khcng khdng,

The t inh sang lau, chang dUdc mat"'".

Tue Trung giai thfch chd ngUdi hgc dac biet rang, sac ciing la khong va khong ciing la sac, tuy hai ma van mgt, tat ca deu la khdng. Con ngUdi dd me nen sinh ra "kheng" vdi "sic", "met" vdi "hai", khi ngg rdi thi het thay deu la khong. ChU Phat qua khu, hien tai, tUdng lai deu cei giao li la phUdng tien de thuyet phap, chif vd'n Khdng khdng cd Sic, S i c khcng cc Khdng. Ban the (ban tinh, chan nhU) ciia cen ngUdi vd'n sang lau c h i n g dUdc mat. Hieu nhU vay tdc nam dUdc ban chat ciia dae.

1. Nguyan Hue Chi,... Tha vdn Ly - Trdn. Tap 2. Quyen thtrang. Nxb. KHXH, ha Npi 1998, tr. 225. 2. Nguyin Hue Chi,... Sdd.. tr 318. 3. Nguyen Hue Chi,... Sdd.. tr. 287. 4. Nguyin Hue Chi.... Sdd., tr. 249.

32 Nghieri cuu l(!>n giao. So iO - zvu^

Tren quan diem ban the khdng. giac

ngg phai tii minh, do minh, Tue T r u n g da

pha chap vao vice d u Pha t , d u thien.

Ong noi:

"Thanh Van ngdi thien. ta khdng ngdi.

Bd Lilt thuyet pbiip. ta ndi thiic"' ' ' .

Theo thuat ngU dao Phat . T h a n h Van de chi ngudi tung kinh. nghe giang ma ngg dao. XhUng tif Thanh Van viin phai tu may bac nua mdi den Bd ta t . Tue Trung cho r ing . Phiit tiii tiim. Phat d trong ta chU khdng d ngoiii ta. Ke ngu. ngUdi tri. Phat linh vd'n khdng khac nhau . chi \T me. ngg khong gidng nhau nen cd ke ngu. ngUdi tri. Tue Trung khiic Thanh Van d chd. ong la bac thugng tr i dii dac dao. ma d ie dao rdi thi khdng ciin phai ngdi thien, cdn Thanh Viin thi phai ngdi thien. Do dd. Tue Trung mdi ndi "Thanh Van ngdi thien, ta khdng ngdi". Mat khac. cung la biic giiic ngg nhu'ng Tue Trung lai khac vdi Bd tiit, VI Bd tilt thuyet phap cdn Tue Trung ndi thiic. Ciii thiic ma Tue Trung noi d diiv. trUd'c bet la thu'c tu'dng cua van pbiip va Cd the lii thiic t r ang cua dat nudc, xii hgi. Vii neu ciii "thiic" ma Tue Trung noi den lii thuc tr;ing cua da't nii'dc thdi ki (Id thi cung hi ddng gdp tich ciic cua dng viio lich su tu tudng dan tgc. Phai chang, nhd phu'dng phap n h a n thUc dac biet ay mii ttic gia Lich sd Phdt gido Viet Nam da Viet: "Diem dang chu y la quan diem n h a n thuc mang miiu siic chu nghia tifdng ddi dd dii khdng dan Tue Trung den sii phu dinh hu \'d <4iu nghia. Ma ngu'dc lai. dUdng nhu nhd nd, dng bd mgi r ang huge t rong nep nghi cung nhu trong nep sd'ng""''.

Tue Trung khdng chi la mgt cU si t inh thdng ve diio mil cdn hi mgt vi tUdng cua nhii T r i n . Viec dng tu Pha t trUdc het la guic ngg cho minh. sau dd giiic ngg cho mgi ngu'di. Dd hi li do giai thich tiii sao Tue Trung lu Thien nui khdng di den phu dinh hu vd chu nghia. Tu tudng ciia dng cdn chi cho ngUdi hoc biet. neu cu' ngdi

t ung kinh, g5 md, niem P h a t ma khdng biet Phiit la ban t inh tu nh ien ciia minh thi khdng bao gid giac ngg dudc, Dieu nay Cling gid'ng nhU "mieng ndi k h e n g ' ma mudn kiep khdng tha'y tfnh nen cUng c h a n g cd fch gi, Giac ngg pha i thiic hanh tir t rong t a m chii khdng t u n g niem sudng, vi mieng t u n g ma t am khdng h a n h th i chi n h u buydn. nbU hda. nhU ddng dien tboiing qua rdi bien ma t .

Khdng ehi pha chap vao gidi. Tue T r u n g cdn phe phan ngu'di hgc do chap vao b inh t huc th ien nen da tii trdi buoc minh. Tren t inh t h i n ay. dng tuyen bd;

"Vi gap Co Dam quen cdng lanh.

T r a n h sao khdi ngang bdng mot

dap" '" .

Cd Dam phien am theo t ieng Phan la GautaiTia. ciing de ggi ten Pha t . Tue T r u n g da mUdn bg ciia P h a t de chi nhiing bac tu h a n h dac dae. Tue T r u n g tu Phat nhu'ng khdng giii gidi. khdng cau Phat, t h a m chi cdn tuyen bd' neu gap Cd Dam thi cii cho thi ing mgt dap . Dieu nay co ve n h u m a u t h u a n va khdng chap nhan dugc ddi vdi mgt ngu'di tu P h a t nbU Tuc Trung. X h u n g thed Thien tdng. thi guio li. gioi. t h a m chi d Pha t ciing chi la phUdng tien de da t den dich ma thdi. Khi ngg rdi thi phu'dng t ien (ke d Pha t ) ciing p h i i bd. quiing di. dap dd.

Q u a n n iem t r en chi cd d n h u n g ngUdi giac ngg vien m a n . Thdi T ran khdng chi cc Tue T r u n g mii d T r a n Tha i Tdng ciing cho r i n g , khi da hieu difdc "Phat ciing khdng cd. Td ciing khdng" thi chang can tr i gidi. t u n g k inh gd md mia. Nghia la giac ngd phai tii t am. tU minh chif khong d n den ba t cif mgt thU ngoai liic nao khac. Ro rang , dng cdng khai chd'ng lai sii me chap cua ngudi hgc dao, chd'ng lai niem tin cd t inh chat ton giao.

5. Nguydn Hue Clii. 6. Nguydn Hue Chi. 7. Nauvdn Hue Oil.

.Sdd., tr. 273. -Sdd., tr. 240. Sdd.. tr. 279.

Nguydn Due Dien. Quan diem phd chap trong Thien hgc. 33

Xung quanh quan niem da giac ngg thi khong chap vao gidi luat cita Tue Trung. ciing cd mgt so' ngUdi cho r i n g , nhU the. Tue Trung khdng d n den phUdng tien, ma van sang difdc "diio bi ngan" (diic dao). Hieu nhU vay la khong dung, vi Tue Trung giac ngc) la nhd tu thien. Treng qua tr inh diu diit hgc trd den vdi dao, Tue Trung da sii dung giao li va coi do nhU mgt phUdng tien. Khi ngg rdi thi khdng c in den phUdng tien nUa. Dd la tU tUdng cd ban trong t n e t If giac ngg cua Tue Trung.

Tren quan diem giac ngg ay nen khi cd ngUdi bdi Tue Trung: TrUdc khi thien thi le Phiit trUdc hay le Td trUdc? Tue Trung dap: "To vii Pha t deu khdng le", va ong doc bai tting;

"Mgt phen p h i t ao budc thong dong,

Thap chu t rdng trUng, gian chang xong,

Phat , To rot cung deu chiing le,

Nggc ngan khe sdm, anh thu trong"'"'^'.

Thd Pha t hay thd Td la dd cen ngUdi tii dat ra, t ren phifdng dien giac ngg la chap, vi tiim hudng ra ben ngeai, Viec Tue Trung khdng le Phat , khong le Td phan anh diing ban chat cua dao. Muc dfch nhan thUc t reng P h a t giao khong ph i i de d i tao the gidi ben ngoai. ma de phiic vu cho sti hudng ngi, ve vdi cai ma Tue Trung ggi la "co' hUdng", Vi vay, chap va tin van guio If mgt each mii quang con ngifdi se thanh ne le chd chfnh minh.

Xuat pha t tif quan niem Pha t d trong ta, Phat khong d ngdai ta, Tue Trung khang dinh mgt quan diem; giac ngg chi cd the thuc hien dUdc ngay t reng cugc so'ng t r i n tuc, chif khdng d mgt the gidi niid khiic. Mud'n viiy, ngUdi tu hanh hay song mgt cdch binh thudng va tim sU giai thdat d t rdng cai b inh thUdng ay. Quan diem giac ngg t ren da dUdc tac gia Li,ch sd id tiMng Viet Nam, tap 1 viet: "Cai ggi

la tu tudng nhap the cua Tue Trung chang qua chi la cai quan niem cho r ing , ngUdi tu hanh co the sdng mgt cugc doi t r an tuc. mgt ciich tu do khong he bi Udc thuc bdi mgt quy dinh nad cua gidi luiil nha chua ke d viec an chay, niem PhaL, tri gidi nhan nhuc va toil thien, vi hg thiic hien sii kien t inh thiinh Phat ngay trong cugc song I ran tuc"''",

Phil chap trong Thien hgc Tue Trung khong chi the hien tU tudng cua mgi thien sU giac ngg, ma cdn the bien quan diem cua con ngUdi thiic tien. Nhan thdc " pha chap " n h u vay. vUa p h i n linh ban chat cua diid vUa chc'ng lai sii si me cua ngUdi tu hanh . Tu tUdng ay ndi len rang, khong phai vi an thi t hay an ca ma ngUdi ta trd t hanh 6 ue, nbUng chinh vi sU say me CO chap, cuong tin, lUa bip, tham lam, tu de cao minh, kh inh re ngUdi khac va ac y, mdi lam cho ngUdi ta trd thanh 6 ue. Hdn nUa, t rdng sach Sa di luat, quyen ha, chudng 5 cung viet: " Con ngUdi phai iin de song, cd thiic mdi viic dUdc dad, tuy thed ngUdi ta cho thif gi, thi an thif ay, cho nen p h i i quy trgng khong difdc bd phi. (Manh y thiic thu. dao do thiic tdn. tuy thf dac thiic, co' nghi tich chi, bat kha dien khf)"'"",

Ddi vdi Tuc Trung, giiia Pha t va chung sinh khong cd sii khac nhau nao d , va neu cd khac thi chi d cho ngg va me ma thoi. Vi the. ngUdi ddi thUdng vf Phat va chung sinh nhif hai trai hdng: met chat, mgt nggt, me la chat cdn ngg la nggt. Xdi nhu Tue Trung. ngUdi bgc can ph l i hieu b i n chat cua van de. ma ban chat ay thudng an dau diing sau nhUng menh dc cc ve n h u "phi If". Mac du. ciic hanh dgng va each pha t ngdn cc ve trai ngUdc vdi giae If, nhu'ng thiic te lai khiing dinh dng la n h a Thien hgc xua t siic. XhUng quan

8. Nguydn Hue Chi. . 9. Nguydn Hue Chi, . 10. Nguydn Hue Chi,

Sdd.,tr. 341. Sdd., tr. 231.

.. Sdd., tr. 295-297.

34 Nshien curu Ton giao. So W - LOxjy

diem cua Tue Trung khdng he tdn hai den giao If. trai lai nd cdn thifc tinh ngUdi hgc dao. Bdi vay, ta cd the khang dinh Thien Tue Trung ndi rieng, Thien Phat giae ndi chung la di s in tinh thin, dec dad, quy gia cua van hda PhUdng Ddng, trong dd cd van hda Viet Nam nen chung ta d n tran trgng, giu gin.

Quan niem giac ngg khdng chap vao gidi luat. khong thoat li hien thiic dat nUdc. Tue Trung da trd thanh mgt trdng nhung ngu'di tieu bieu cho tU tudng va loi song cua gidi tu hanh thdi ki dd. Ldi sd'ng cua Tue Trung la cua met cU si dac dac, sdng va hanh dgng mgt each tinh tad vd chap, tu dd tuy thich ma khdng rdi vad hiiu dad hay vd dao. Ldi sd'ng ay la san pbiim cua sii ke thiia cc chgn Igc cac gia tri ve van boa cua mgt so' thien sU dac dao nhu Tieu Dao. Quy Sdn. Ta Tam. Thach Diu, Lad Bang, v.v...

Tue Trung cung cho rang, ngUdi tu hanh mgt khi da giac ngg thi phai hda minh vao trong long the tuc, sd'ng nhu ngUdi t r in tuc. (Dng ndi:

"Den xU cdi tran cu vui ve ma be ad,

Khdng phai la quen le. chi tuy thee thdi tiic ma thci""''.

Tue Trung nhac lai cau chuyen cua mgt nUdc trong truyen thuyet cd dai Trung Quo'c. d dd mgi ngUdi khdng mac quin iio. nha vua (vua Vu) den tham cung phai tuiin theo. Qua dd, dng chd rang, sdng trong long the tuc, boa cimg cugc so'ng cua cdng ddng thi phl i theo phong tuc tap quan (van hoii an, van hoa mac), Ndi nhu Tue Trung, den ndi ma d dd con ngUdi khdng mac ao thi minh cung phai tuan theo. nhU the la hda ddng chif khdng phai la viec lam bat nha. Tu tu'dng ay, mgt mat phan linb sii tdn trgng tap quiin, ban sac van boa rieng, mat khac, ndi len sU hieu biet thau dao ve cugc sd'ng t r in tuc. Bdi vay, Tue Trung thiic hanh

dad Thien ma v in khdng thoat li the gidi

tran tuc.

Quan niem ve ldi sd'ng cua ngUdi da giac ngg ma Tue Trung de cap den hoan toan phu hdp vdi tU tudng ciia Tran Thai Tdng. Khi chUa giac ngg thi d n den phUdng tien, khi ngg rdi thi khdng d n phUdng tien nua. Tue Trung ciing nhU Tr in Thai Tdng deu cho r ing, khi da thau dat chan li dao thi giu gidi, tung kinh, go md se trd thanh thiia. Ldi sd'ng ay, Tue Trung khdng ehi tiep thu truyen tho'ng cua dao Thien, ma cdn ke thUa tif dao ddc tieu dao cua ngUdi thay minh la thien sU Tieu Dao. Tac gia Lich sd triet hgc phiicfng Ddng, tap 4 viet: "Dai dUc Tieu Dao thUdng td, chi bao cho biet sU thiic, khdng dCing phUdng tien quyen bien. Liic dau den nUdc ta, the khdng nUdng tiia, cam d n cau khdng lUdi ma budc vao kinh dd, an xong pha bat th in cd cua Phat phap. Ngai cd y tim ngUdi tiep tiic Phat phap ma vach ldi Thien tdng. giai bay tam chU "smh diet diet di. tich diet vi lac" nghia la (sinh diet diet xong, Niet ban la lac thii""-'.

Quan diem ay. Tue Trung da ke thifa tif cac vi Thien To: giac ngg Phat tinh tif ndi minh, cfing nhU treng " gd vd'n cd lifa",

trong nha san cd nggc bau". Ngoai ra. ciing phl i ke den Inh hUdng cua tret li nhap the ma Hue Nang - Td thU sau Thien Tdng Trung Qudc da xien dUdng. Thee Hue Nang, Phat phap d tai the gian, lia the gian ma d u dae. thi ching khac nac tim sifng thd long rua - cai khdng bao gid cd. Phat phap d cdi vo thudng nen giac ngg phai d tai the gian.

Tiep thu tinh hoa Thien tdng, cung vdi tri tue thien ciia minh, Tue Trung da trd thanh ngdi sao sang cua Phat giao thdi

11. Thi'ch Thanh Tii. Thien tdng Viet Nam cuoi the'ki XK. tr. 64. 12. Nguydn Dang Thuc. Lich sir tnet hoc Phuang Ddng. Tap 4. N.xb. Tp Ho Chi Minh. 1991. tr. 225.

Nguyen Dire Dien. Quan diem phd chap trong Thien hpc... 35

Ly - T r i n . Song, cai dac s i c . ndi bat nha t ciia Tue T rung la tU tUdng "hda quang ddng tran", mgt t inh t h i n thien pha chap diing manh, t r ie t de giau ban sac ca nhan . PhUdng phap ay khien cho Tue Trung trd nen "khac la" t rong lang thien va ciing tao nen sUc hap d i n d tU each hgc gia ciia dng. Dd la mgt trong nhUng li do khien nhieu nha nghien ctiu p h l i nhac den ong qua nhUng ldi pha t bieu va each tu tap. Dd dd, d gdc do nhan thdc luan, Tue Trung vUdt d T r i n Thai Teng va T r i n N h a n Tdng.

Quan niem giac ngg khong chi cho minh ma cho mgi ngUdi, Tue Trung gdp p h i n lam cho P h a t giao Viet Nam cd sac thai r ieng so vdi Pha t giao Trung Qud'c. Dieu nay the hien ra t re trong qua t r inh h a n h dao cua cac thien sU trUdc va sau Hue Nang. C) T rung Qudc, tif Bd De Dat Ma den H o i n g Nhan, cac thien sU thUdng an t r anh t ren nui cac, hoang phap trong im lang, ft dUdc q u i n chung biet den. Tii sau Hcang Nhan, vi tfn dd ddng due, cac thien dUdng khdng dii chd cho viec tu hanh, khi ay viec hoang phap mdi hudng ra ben ngoai vao cac boat dgng sinh boat hang ngay, phuc vu cho ngUdi tu hanh. Viec lam nay la dc nhu d u giai thoat cua nhiing ngUdi tu h a n h chU khcng ph l i phuc vu giai thoat cho mgi ngUdi. N6i each khac, phUdng phap ngg dad cua Hue Nang ndi rieng, cua cac thien sU Trung Qudc ndi chung, la tu luyen nham d i tao, khac phuc hoat dgng tam li, t inh t h i n ciia ca nhan thee yeu d u giai thea t cua dad Phat . Sd s a n h Thugng Si Ngd Luc vdl Duy Ma Cat (Bd ta t cU si Duy Ma Cat), ta thay, d hai cung mang met y nghi chung la "dac Pha t di vad cugc ddi", xa than cUu the, hen tuc hda quang. Tuy nhien, nhUng ddng gdp ciia ca nhan Duy Ma Cat c h i c c h i n khong b i n g ThUdng Si. D u y M a C a t c h a n g d d n g gdp dUdc gi

t rdng sii nghiep fch qud'c ldi dan cho An

Do, ma chi dUa ra mgt md tU tudng Phat

giao Dai thifa ma thdi. Trong kbi do.

ThiCfTng Si Ngd Liic dUdc cdi nhu mgt tiic

pham tong hdp mgt sd tU tUdng Pha t giad

Dai thifa ciia An - Hea - Viet, va gop

p h i n vao kho tang van boa Pha t giao,

van boa dan tgc.

Cd the ndi rang, Thien Tue Trung noi rieng, Thien Viet Nam ndi chung, tiep thu va I n h hUdng nhieu tU tUdng Thien Trung Qud'c, scng da cc sii sang tac. Dd ciing la ddng gdp r ieng cua Tue Trung, cua Pha t giao thdi T r i n vao lich sif pha t t r ien tU tudng ciia dan tgc. 0 goc do nay, Tue Trung da cd ddng gdp vao van boa dan tgc, dong thdi gdp p h i n hinh thanh t inh each dan tgc, chd'ng lai xu the ddng boa van hoa.

Nhan thUc luan t rong Thien hgc Tue Trung la cua met cU si Pha t giao, mgt tri thdc t inh thong ve dao. N h a n thdc ay, la ket qua cua sU van dung tdng hgp cac phUdng phap cu the: Thien, "Vcng nhi kien", "Pha chap" vdi viec hgc tap. Song, cai quy n h a t t rong Thien hgc Tue Trung la d chd, khdng chi t hda nhan tri thUc do hgc tap dem lai ma cdn cdi nhan thifc la met qua t r inh, Khdng nhUng the, Tue Trung cdn thUa nhan quy luat nen ong ludn khuyen mgi ngUdi sd'ng thuan theo tu nhien. Tu tudng nay dUdc cng n h i c di nhac lai nhieu lan trong quan niem ve sinh tif, ve gidi, ve thien. Thifa nhan quy luat va nhUng tri thifc do hgc tap dem lai. Tue Trung da gdp p h i n dat cd sd che chu trUdng "Thien giae ddng hanh" (ket hdp chat che giiia Thien vdi hgc tap) t reng giac ngg cua P h a t giao Viet Nam sau nay. Vdl nhUng cdng hien tren, dng that xifng dang la nha tU tUdng, nha t n e t hgc Thien - ngUdi gdp p h i n xay diing nen van hien dan tec./.