R. Chidambaram R. Chidambaram **

Principal Scientific Adviser to GOI & Principal Scientific Adviser to GOI & DAE-Homi Bhabha ProfessorDAE-Homi Bhabha Professor

&&

P.S.DhekneP.S.Dhekne

Raja Ramanna Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Raja Ramanna Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research CentreResearch Centre

* * Keynote talk in the Internet 2 Spring Meeting, Keynote talk in the Internet 2 Spring Meeting, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 23 April, 2012Arlington, Virginia, USA, 23 April, 2012

2

Outline History of Networking in IndiaHistory of Networking in India

Grid Computing (LHC Grid and GARUDA Grid Computing (LHC Grid and GARUDA

Grid)Grid)

Eu-IndiaGrid Eu-IndiaGrid

Emergence of National Knowledge Network Emergence of National Knowledge Network

e-Research and e-Sciencee-Research and e-Science

International LinksInternational Links

Virtual Research CommunitiesVirtual Research Communities

SummarySummary

3

The EU-IndiaGrid Project Joining The EU-IndiaGrid Project Joining European and Indian grids for e-European and Indian grids for e-

sciencescience• Two year project started from Oct 2006 Two year project started from Oct 2006

with BUDGET of 1208 k-EUR total fund with BUDGET of 1208 k-EUR total fund

out of which 1015.9 k-EUR from out of which 1015.9 k-EUR from

European CommissionEuropean Commission (5 Europe & 8 (5 Europe & 8

Indian partners)Indian partners)

• PartnersPartners• INFN, ICTP, Cambridge Univerity, Gerr, INFN, ICTP, Cambridge Univerity, Gerr,

MetawareMetaware

• BARC, TIFR, VECC, SINP, C-DAC, ERNET, BARC, TIFR, VECC, SINP, C-DAC, ERNET,

NCBS, Pune Univ NCBS, Pune Univ

• GEANT- India Link 45 Mbps, soon raised to GEANT- India Link 45 Mbps, soon raised to

100 – 175 Mbps and then to 2.5 Gbps through 100 – 175 Mbps and then to 2.5 Gbps through

Trans Eurasia Info Network - 3Trans Eurasia Info Network - 3

Cooperation with Global Virtual Research Communities (GVRCs) through projects like LHC Grid & EU-IndiaGrid gave India much needed impetus for creating an e-infrastructure within the country. The cooperation has been enhanced by two closely related EU-funded projects – EU-IndiaGrid2 and CHAIN.

The World wide LHC computing Grid(WLCG) of CERN has also brought together India and the U.S through, e.g., the CMS Tier 2 Grid centre(now migrated to NKN) at TIFR and the CMS Tier 1 Centre at Fermilab. The data received by the latter is further distributed to Tier-2 and Tier-3 centres in the U.S. through the Esnet and Internet2.

We would also like to harmonise the e-research infrastructures of India and the US

e-Science & e-e-Science & e-ResearchResearch

5

Large Hadron Collider Computing Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid (LCG)Grid (LCG)

• More than 140 More than 140 computing centres computing centres

• 12 large centres for 12 large centres for primary data primary data management: CERN management: CERN (Tier-0) and eleven Tier-(Tier-0) and eleven Tier-1s1s

• 38 federations of smaller 38 federations of smaller Tier-2 centresTier-2 centres

• India – BARC, TIFR, VECCIndia – BARC, TIFR, VECC

• Relies on European Relies on European (EGEE) and Open Science (EGEE) and Open Science Grid of U.S(OSG) Grid Grid of U.S(OSG) Grid Infrastructure Infrastructure

6

National Grid: Garuda by C-National Grid: Garuda by C-DACDAC

• The Proof of Concept of The Proof of Concept of GARUDA was established in GARUDA was established in collaboration with ERNET collaboration with ERNET

• Uses GT4, scheduler, Uses GT4, scheduler, monitoring toolsmonitoring tools

• Collaborative environment Collaborative environment enabled through Video enabled through Video Conferencing over IP at the Conferencing over IP at the following centres of C-following centres of C-DAC : Bangalore, Pune, DAC : Bangalore, Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai and TrivandrumMumbai and Trivandrum

This project passed successfully from proof-of concept to This project passed successfully from proof-of concept to foundation phase and now a phase 3 (Grid Technology foundation phase and now a phase 3 (Grid Technology services  for operational phase of Garuda) has been  services  for operational phase of Garuda) has been  approved. approved. Major locations of Garuda migrated to NKN.Major locations of Garuda migrated to NKN.

NKN is a state-of-the-art multi-gigabit pan-India network: www.nkn.in

►9th April 2009: President of India Inaugurated the NKN Project. ► 16 PoP► 26 Backbone

Links► 57 Edge Links► 100 Crores

allocated in 2008 budget

► Completed in ¾ year

Connect R & D, educational, health, agri, labs institutes etc..

NIC working as the Project

Execution Agency

Idea of setting NKN was

finalized at the Office of PSA &

NKC.

1500+ institutes in final phase

GoI approved a budget of INR

5990 crores for NKN in March,

2010

Emergence of NKN

►5th March, 2011: Launched the Logo & Website of NKN► 27 PoP► 76 Backbone

Links► 216 Edge Links

NKN Project Management

High Level Com

DIT TAC

Grid Appln Com

Security Adv Imp Com

Policy

e_Gov Com

NIC

Climate Change, HEP, Bio, Agriculture, S&T

NKN - PIU

Implementing Agency

Dr. B.K.Gairola, DG, NIC

Prof P.S.Dhekne

Dr. R.Chidambaram, PSA to GOIDr. R.Chidambaram, PSA to GOI

Prof S.V.Raghavan

R.S.Mani, Project Director

NICSI

G.P.Srivastava

Dr. B.K.Gairola

Prof S.V.Raghavan

Model Projects Eval Com

NKN Topology

The Core:The Core: 7 Supercore 7 Supercore locations pan India locations pan India with fully meshed with fully meshed Multi-10 Gbps Multi-10 Gbps connectivity and 24 connectivity and 24 Core locations having Core locations having Multi-10 Gbps Multi-10 Gbps partially meshed partially meshed connectivity with connectivity with Supercore locations. Supercore locations. Will be raised to Will be raised to 40/100 Gbps as 40/100 Gbps as demand risesdemand rises

The distribution layerThe distribution layer connects to the core connects to the core of the network using of the network using multiple links at multiple links at speeds of 2.5 / 10 speeds of 2.5 / 10 Gbps. Gbps. The Edge networks The Edge networks are having are having connectivityconnectivityupto a speed of 1 upto a speed of 1 GbpsGbps..

► 31 PoP► 89 Backbone Links► 1500 Edge Links► More than 774

connections by April 2012

National Knowledge Network National Knowledge Network On Conclusion of Final PhaseOn Conclusion of Final Phase

Courtesy: R.S. Mani, NICCourtesy: R.S. Mani, NIC

Regional and International Research Collaboration can be enhanced by connecting such Knowledge Networks

Aims to connect all Knowledge Institutions in India through a high-speed all-optical fibre low-latency network

NKN-like Networks NKN-like Networks needed for needed for Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

NKN

NKN

NKN APPLICATIONSNKN APPLICATIONS

NKN e-Classroom

NKN Webcasting

Remote Experiment

Climate Change

High Energy Physics

Engineering Research Collaboration: Complex Systems from Nuclear to orthodontics (Collab CAD platform)Engineering Research Collaboration: Complex Systems from Nuclear to orthodontics (Collab CAD platform)

Virtual Lab via

NKN

A Laboratory without walls

HBNI, Mumbai *ESRF (FIP), Grenoble, France

2.5 Gbps TEIN3

link Geant

Organic Synthesis

X-Ray Diffraction Pattern

Atomic level Structure

1 Gbps NKN

Data Bases

Drug- resistant HIV -1 Protease Enzyme

Crystallography experiments with the remote access & control of experimental facility (a beamline within the ESRF Synchrotron) in Grenoble, France directly from Mumbai, India

*There are more than a dozen such labs available for remote operation, out of which 6 labs are in USA

Support specific user communities:Climate Change

RegCM3

ROMS

Exp-0 Exp-15

Climate Changeprediction of the Indian summer monsoon

(Cross-fertilization of Information Technology and Neuroscience)(Cross-fertilization of Information Technology and Neuroscience)

The project envisages linking, through a The project envisages linking, through a Grid-based e-infrastructure (NKN and Grid-based e-infrastructure (NKN and CANARIE), Indian Medical Imaging CANARIE), Indian Medical Imaging Centres and Canadian Medical Imaging Centres and Canadian Medical Imaging Centres through two hubs: National Centres through two hubs: National Brain Rsearch Centre, NCR Delhi and Brain Rsearch Centre, NCR Delhi and Montreal Neurological Institute McGill Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University, Montreal – with special University, Montreal – with special reference to epilepsy, stroke, brain reference to epilepsy, stroke, brain tumours and dementia. tumours and dementia.

C – Brain C – Brain Global BrainGlobal Brain

I - BrainI - Brain

www.nkn.in