1.Rerum Novarum- On the Condition of Labor

Promotion of human dignity through just distribution of wealthWorkers have basic human rights that adhere to Natural Law, which says all humans are equalright to work, to own private property, to receive a just wage, and to organize into workers' associationsEmployers and employees each have rights and responsibilities: while the worker should not riot to create a situation of conflict with the employer, the employer should maintain an environment respecting worker's dignity.The church has the right to speak out on social issues. Its role is to teach social principles and bring social classes together. The state's role is to create a just society through laws that preserve rights.

Quadragesimo anno- “On the Reconstruction of Social Order”Charges that capitalism's free competition has destroyed itself, with the state having become a "slave" serving its greedWarns against a communist solution, however, because communism condones violence and abolishes private property. Labor and capital need each other. A just wage is necessary so workers can acquire private property, tooA response to the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and rocked the world. In Europe, democracy has declined and dictators have emerged to take power. Fortieth anniversary of Rerum novarum.

Mater et Magistra- On Christianity and Social Progresseconomic, scientific, social, and political developmentsthat have taken place since Rerum novarum and Quadragesimo anno. there's not just a disparity between rich and poor classes anymore—there's a disparity betweenrich and poor nations. It's the duty of wealthy, industrialized nations to help poor, nonindustrialized nations;but in giving aid, it is every country's duty to respect the latter's culture and to refrainfrom domination. Since technological advances have made nations interdependent as never before, cooperation and mutual assistance are necessary.all Catholics should be reared on Catholic social teaching.

Octogesima Adveneiens A Call to ActionAddresses urbanization and the new social problems it has created—such as a new loneliness and specific problems for youth, women, and the "newpoor." ("New poor" includes the elderly, the handicapped, and the cities'marginalized—people disadvantaged because of urbanization.)discrimination because of race, origin, color, culture, sex, and religion. personal responsibility on the part of Christians in seeing that injustice is challenged.In combating injustice, need to focus on political action—not just economic action.Encourages individual Christians and local churches to apply gospel principles ofjustice to contemporary situations and take appropriate political action

Laborem Exercens : On Human WorkWork is at the center of the social question—the key to making lifemore human and the measure of human dignity.Nature of work is: (1) to fulfill the command in Genesis to "subdue the earth" and (2) to make family life possible.Criticizes both capitalism and Marxism: denounces tendency to treat humans as mereinstruments of production; against collectivism; affirms right to private property yetsubordinates it to the right of common use.work is a duty; employers need to provide for workers via good planning,unemployment benefits, and international collaboration righting imbalances instandards of living; resources must be used to create employment; wages must besufficient to support a family, and working mothers should be afforded specialconsideration; workers deserve health care, right to leisure, pension, accidentinsurance, decent working environment; right to unionize strongly supported; disabledpeople should be given opportunities to work; people have a right to leave nativecountries in search of a better livelihood.

Centesimus Annus The Hundredth YearMarking the 100th anniversary of Catholic social teachingfall of "real socialism" in the Eastern Bloc nations invites a lengthy discussion ofcommunism and capitalism. The "fundamental error of socialism" is that it's based on an atheistic view of humanity instead of a transcendent one; leads to a "social order without reference to the person's dignity and responsibility." Distinguishing, on the one hand, between "unbridled," "radical," or "primitive" capitalism and, on the other hand, a "business economy" that serves and protects the human person, "on the level of individual nations and international relations, the free market is the most efficient instrument for utilizing resources and effectively responding to needs" (#34). Capitalism also recognizes the freedom of the humanperson. Warns, however, against: (1) The consumeristic tendency of moderncapitalistic societies, (2) Elevating capitalism, as an economic tool, to the level of anall-encompassing ideology.

2. Rerum Novarum- Pope Leo XIIIGioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi

Quadragesimo Anino- Author: Pope Pius XIAmbrogio Damiano Achille Ratti

Mater et Magistra- Author: Pope John XXIII Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Octogesima Adveneiens Author: Pope Paul VIGiovanni Battista Montini

Laborem Exercens : Author: Pope John Paul IIKarol Józef Wojtyła

Centesimus Annus Author: Pope John Paul IIKarol Józef Wojtyła

3.Rerum Novarum- May 15, 1891 Quadragesimo Anino- May 15, 1931Mater et Magistra- May 15, 1961Octogesima Adveneiens- May 14, 1971Laborem Exercens – September 14, 1981Centesimus Annus – May 1, 1991

4. Rerum Novarum- of new thingsQuadragesimo Anino- on the fortieth yearMater et Magistra- mother and teacherOctogesima Adveneiens- eightieth anniversaryLaborem Exercens – exercising laborCentesimus Annus – centennial year

5. the words mean “the eightieth anniversary” and refer to the eightieth anniversary of Leo XIII’s Rerum Novarum (1891), the first papal social encyclical. Paul VI is following the tradition of Pius XI, whose 1931 social encyclical was entitled Quadragesimo Anno (forty years) and also paid homage to Rerum Novarum.

Octogesima Adveniens reads like an encyclical, but it is properly classified as an apostolic letter, a typic of document that is usually addressed to a Vatican official or a group of bishops. Octogesima Adveniens is addressed to Cardinal Maurice Roy, president of the Pontifical Commission on Justice and Peace, which was established by Paul VI. It is likely that Octogesima Adveniens was intended to give prominence to that body. The work consists of fifty-two sections without any chapter divisions.

To mark the eightieth anniversary of Rerum novarum, Paul VI did not write an encyclical letter, but rather an apostolic letter to Maurice Cardinal Roy, who was president of the Pontifical Commission Justitia et Pax. The move away from the encyclical as a literary form already suggests Paul VI's awareness of the importance of human experience or a historically conscious methodology. A look at the structure of Octogesima adveniens confirms this awareness these signs of the times and an exhortation to action.

6. Major themes from Catholic Social TeachingThe following principles highlight major themes from Catholic social teaching

documents of the last century.1. Dignity of the Human PersonBelief in the inherent dignity of the human person is the foundation of all Catholicsocial teaching. Human life is sacred, and the dignity of the human person is thestarting point for a moral vision for society. This principle is grounded in the ideathat the person is made in the image of God. The person is the clearest reflection ofGod among us.

2. Common Good and CommunityThe human person is both sacred and social. We realize our dignity and rights inrelationship with others, in community. Human beings grow and achieve fulfillmentin community. Human dignity can only be realized and protected in the context ofrelationships with the wider society.How we organize our society -- in economics and politics, in law and policy --directly affects human dignity and the capacity of individuals to grow in community.The obligation to "love our neighbor" has an individual dimension, but it alsorequires a broader social commitment. Everyone has a responsibility to contribute tothe good of the whole society, to the common good.

3. Option for the PoorThe moral test of a society is how it treats its most vulnerable members. The poorhave the most urgent moral claim on the conscience of the nation. We are called tolook at public policy decisions in terms of how they affect the poor. The "option forthe poor," is not an adversarial slogan that pits one group or class against another.Rather it states that the deprivation and powerlessness of the poor wounds the wholecommunity.The option for the poor is an essential part of society's effort to achieve the commongood. A healthy community can be achieved only if its members give specialattention to those with special needs, to those who are poor and on the margins ofsociety.

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8. blame a rapid population growth that our economy can’t keep up with. unemployment, inflation, inequality and corruptionmost Filipinos are poor because they were born poor to begin with.A poor person can’t simply “decide” to be rich. In fact, even if he wanted to, there are factors that may prevent a poor person from being rich, and it has very little to do with the often blamed Filipino laziness.

it’s possible that people who are born poor struggle to become rich because kids who grow up poor have less impulse control. The psychological consequences of childhood poverty and stress are the same psychological barriers that may prevent a person from becoming more successful in adulthood. Furthermore,

impediments to the development of the prefrontal cortex can also affect a child’s ability to learn, making it more difficult to compete with children who did not grow up in poverty.

Poverty causes people to make bad decisions. The research article, “Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function,” suggests that stress experienced due to poverty impede cognitive function. In other words, people who are poor are at greater risk to make decisions that further perpetuate their poverty, because their brain is so exhausted by, well, poverty. The poorer are person is, the higher the likelihood that he’ll make decisions that will worsen his situation.

#10 Many Filipinos depend on the government aloneYes, the responsibility of the government is to provide the basic needs of its citizens. But if Filipinos will always depend on it alone and will not act, they will have a miserable life. Many poor families have tons of children but they cannot feed them. They know their financial situation but they ignore it. Instead of helping the government, they are simply adding to the problem. Then, they love to criticize the president.

#9 Many Filipinos think that Metro Manila always offers great opportunitiesYes, Metro Manila offers great opportunities. But this is not always the case. Decades ago, many people from other places tried their luck in Manila and became successful. But if you will compare the situation then and now, traffic in EDSA is getting worst everyday and flood is instant even on summer season. Many people from provinces have a huge land but they don’t have the patience to cultivate it.

#8 Many Filipinos spend more money for their wants, not their needsMany Filipinos spend their money just to buy the latest version of smartphone even if they don’t really need it. They tend to enter into salary loan or use their credit cards so they can be “in” in the society and in social media. A year later, a new version will come out and they will buy again. Obviously, Apple and other gadget manufacturers will get richer and the poor buyers will get poorer.

#6 Many Filipinos spend excessive money on traditionsAlthough this usually applies to people in the provinces, many Filipinos in big cities also love to spend big money in feasts, weddings, and christening, even if they cannot afford it. Many of them run to pawnshops, and 5-6 (high interest debt) just to follow the tradition. They are afraid that their neighbors and rich relatives might mock them if they fail to spend excessive money for these events.

#5 Many Filipinos are obsessed with “get rich quick” schemesThe news about pyramid scams never grows old, but many Filipinos never learn, especially OFWs. They invest their hard-earned money in MLM (Multi-Level Marketing) businesses without doing a thorough research first. Many MLM members think that the business is legitimate because they are earning from their investment. They don’t realize that there’s no such thing as “get rich quick.”

#3 Many Filipinos lack education in money management

Entertainment gossips, corruption and crime are usually the headlines in the news, and many poor Filipinos love to read them. Here in the Philippines, only a few news articles and local TV programs teach people how to handle their money. We have heard of Filipino lotto winners who became millionaires but became poor again. Every Filipino should be properly educated in terms of money management.

We are “too religious”. We tend to always think that our status in life is what God wants for us to have. We tend to behave this mentalism of “Bahala na ang Diyos!” “Makontento tayo sa kung anong meron tayo at magpasalamat na lang sa Diyos!”.

I totally understand that we need to trust in the Lord and Hiscapabilities. However, Filipinos are having the wrong view. We can never be rich or productive with just trusting in the almighty, we need to move; we need to work and just use His guidance.We are poor because we we let our dreams to be just dreams, not goals. We love to dream; we are too ideal about things; but we are not doing something to reach it. We think that it is not to be made a goal because we can’t achieve it and will only end us up with disappointment.

However, disappointment is always part of reaching a goal. But as Filipinos we are, “Ayoko ngmangarap ng malaki kasi hindi ko naman kaya. Baka hindi ko kaya.” This statement was always heard in poor Filipino families. They lost hope. They lost determination. They stopped believing.It is because rich are becoming richer and poor becoming poorer. So, Filipinos just settle for less because we think we can’t have the best. Because we are too submerged into reality, that we are just poor. And beggars, the poorest of the poor, just let themselves be poor because they are complacent to those people who are continually giving them help. Palaasa. at the other end of this, those people who are “trying to help”, really aren’t helping. They spoonfeed. They don’tteach the people how to live on their own. They are instilling them the thought of “okay lang maging mahirap, tutulungan naman kita.” And here is where politics comes in.

We are poor because we are “too loyal” –Loyal to the people, not to the country. This is so evident in politics. Once an official help those poor, they will definitely give their loyalty to them up to the point of killing each other just to support their candidates and eventually government officials. We let those people use us to cover up their corruption through giving groceries and other things that are not as useful as jobs.In the end, we are the ones suffering. Not because the fate is too harsh on us. But because we let ourselves to be like this. We let “powerful” people to use us. W e chose to be like this. And it will always be our choice if we want to remain like this.