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Race, Attitudes, and Inequality
Andrew J. Perrin
November 25, 2014
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26
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What is Race?
A social reality that is historical, processual, stratified, and analyticallymultilevel but that is also entangled with biological inputs inherited fromthe geographic distribution of humans in genetic watersheds over the past
50,000 years.
–Shiao et al.Sociological Theory 2012
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Racialization
Race is a social formation
Meaningless outside a race system
Race systems vary by place and time
Race systems are cultural formations
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Racialization: Example“Say Something Black!”
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Racial Stratification in the US
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Why Does Racial Stratification Persist?
Racism: Do authority figures discriminate against people of color?
Genetics: Does unequal racial distribution of IQ cause differences ineconomic fortune?
Class Reproduction: Do the privileges of social class makeintergenerational mobility difficult?
Wealth: Even with similar incomes, do African Americans have lesswealth to draw on?
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Racism: Audit StudiesPager, “The Mark of a Criminal Record”
Difference between what people say and do
Audit study method
“Blacks are less than half as likely to receive consideration byemployers,... and black nonoffenders fall behind even whites withprior felony convictions.”
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Racism Without Racists
Bonilla-Silva, E. Racism Without Racists
Race is a cultural formation, therefore:1 No action is race-neutral2 Racism doesn’t require race hostility
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Example: Racial Coding in the Skies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noE1YzvfA08
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Genetics
Psychometrics: the search for g
Murray and Herrnstein, The Bell Curve:How can inequality be based on merit and social mobility be low?They reasoned (with relatively scant evidence) that g is “heritable.”
Claim: As society gets “freer,” social position is more and more theresult of innate ability.
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Genetics (cont.)
Fischer et al., Inequality by Design: Response to Murray andHerrnstein
Poor test of gEducation ⇒ gVariation in national socialinequality
Variation in inequality over time
Social policy can changeinequalities
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Class Reproduction
White vs Black preferences for residential integration
Tipping point: preferences don’t aggregate well
Neighborhood social class provides all sorts of advantages
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Class Reproduction: Residential Segregation
Racial % Blacks Racial % WhitesComposition OK Moving In Composition OK Moving In
All-white (14/14) 35 All-white (14/14) 962 black/12 white 89 1 black/13 white 89
3 black/11 white 737 black/7 white 99 5 black/9 white 47
10 black/4 white 99 8 black/6 white 31All black 78
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Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
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Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
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Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
WealthConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
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Wealth and EducationConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
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Wealth and EducationConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
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Wealth and IncomeConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
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Racial Attitudes: The Scar of Race
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Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
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Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
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Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Final Exam
1 Open everything
2 Sakai-based
3 Designed for 2 hours
4 You have 3 hours
5 6 of 8 Sentence Answer (5% each)
6 2 of 3 Paragraph Answer (15% each)
7 1 Essay Answer (40%)
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