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Race in Colonial Latin America

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Page 1: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Race in Colonial Latin America

Page 2: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Question to Consider

How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Page 3: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

The Peopling of Latin America

Heterogeneous IndianEuropeanAfricanAsian

Page 4: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Racial Mixing

High Degree of Racial MixingCastas25% by 18th Century

Blurring of Racial GroupsPhysical Characteristics“One Drop Rule”

“Passing”

Page 5: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Basic Castas

Mestizo (Indian & European) Mulatto (African & European) Zambo (Indian & African)

Page 6: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Mexico in 1793

8,000 Europeans700,00 Criollos

6,000 Blacks360,000 Mulatos

2,300,000 Indians1,000,000 Acculturated

100,000 Asians

Page 7: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Restrictions

Not allowed to live in Indian neighborhoods

Denied posts Sumptuary Legislation

(cloths & jewelry)

Page 8: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Breakdown of Racial Barriers

Less residential segregation Intermarriage Occupation/Education more important

than race Certificate of Whiteness

Page 9: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Conclusions

Racial Ambiguity High Degree of Mobility Money & Education

Example of rich Mestizos and Mulatos Loss of Control (Spanish Authorities)

Page 10: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

18th Century Casta Paintings

NPR: “Inventing Race Through Art” http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3043790

Page 11: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Questions to Consider

What do the images reveal about attitudes toward racial mixing and the different castas?

How would you compare the attitudes expressed in the primary documents versus those depicted in the casta paintings?

Page 12: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Spaniard and an Indian Produces a Mestizo

Page 13: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Spaniard and a Mestizo Produces Castiza

Page 14: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Spaniard and a Castiza Produces a Spaniard

Page 15: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Mestizo and an Indian Produces a Coyote

Page 16: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

An African and a Spaniard Produces a Mulatto

Page 17: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Mulatto and a Spaniard Produces a Marisco

Page 18: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Spaniard and a Marisca Produces a Albino

Page 19: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Spaniard and an Albina Produces a Black- Return-Backwards

Page 20: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Black and an Indian Produces a Wolf

Page 21: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Black and an Indian Produces a Zambaiga

Page 22: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Zambaiga and an Indian Produces an Albarazado

Page 23: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

An Indian and an Albaradazdo Produces a Chamizo

Page 24: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Chamizo and an Indian Produces a Cambuja

Page 25: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

An Albarrado and an Indian Produces a Cachimboreta

Page 26: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

An Indian and a Cambuja Produces a Wolf-Return-Backwards

Page 27: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

A Wolf-Return-Backwards and an Indian Produces a Hold-Yourself-in-Mid-Air

Page 28: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

18th Century Casta Paintings

Reaffirmed the Importance of Racial Heritage

Subcategories of Castas Details of Everyday Life People at Various Social Levels Material Culture

Page 29: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Conclusions

Spaniards preside over society Spaniards possessors of culture Ambiguity/Inconsistency in racial markers More racial mixing, status declines Spanish blood redeemable, black not Underscore colony’s wealth

Page 30: Race in Colonial Latin America. Question to Consider How was race constructed during the Colonial period?

Post-Independence

Lessening of Racial Barriers Indigenous Peoples Increasingly

“Celebrated”EuropeanizedRomanticized

Casta Designations BannedEquality Before the Law


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