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ATelecommunications RADAR TRAINING SYSTEM

MODEL 8096Radar

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Lab-Volt Radar Training System consists of sixsubsystems (Models 8096-1 to 8096-6). Subsys-tems 8096-1 to 8096-3 provide students with hands-ontraining in the principles and operation of analog anddigital radar, as well as radar tracking systems.Subsystem 8096-4 trains students in the principles andscenarios of Electronic Warfare (EW). Subsystem 8096-5is a sophisticated, pulse-mode, radar cross-section (RCS)measurement training system with inverse synthetic-aperture radar (ISAR) imagery capability, that isspecifically designed for operation at close range.Subsystem 8096-6 provides students with training in theprinciples of electronically steered antennas.

The Radar Training System uses patentedtechnology to detect and track passive targets at veryshort range in the presence of noise and clutter. The verylow transmitter power allows for safe operation in avariety of training environments.

Radar Training System FeaturesC Active, real-time radar system operating in a

classroom laboratoryC Low power, safe operationC Latest technology, e.g., microstrips, Surface Mounted

Devices (SMD’s), Digital Signal Processing (DSP),and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

C Pulsed, continuous wave (CW) Doppler, andfrequency-modulated continuous wave (FM-CW)modes of operation

C A-scope display outputC Plan Position Indicator (PPI) display on a computer

monitor (on-screen PPI display) with fixed-intensity,intensity-modulated, color-modulated, and color-coded (weather radar) display modes

C Conventional PPI display capability (vector scanoutput)

C Moving Target Indication (MTI) processor for fixed-target echo cancellation and clutter rejection

RADAR TRAINING SYSTEMMODEL 8096

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Figure 1. Radar echo of a moving target observed on an A-scopedisplay obtained using a conventional oscilloscope.

C Sensitive Moving Target Detection (MTD) Processorthat differentiates between fixed and slowly movingtargets at short range

C Surveillance processor for Track-While-Scan (TWS)operation

C Computer-based (i.e., on-screen) control of theradar's processing and display functions

C Computer-based control of the clutter generation forthe study of the MTI processor functions

C High repeatability of hands-on manipulations ensuredthrough computer-based control of the cluttergeneration and radar's key parameters

C On-screen block diagrams of the pulsed radar andradar processor/display subsystem with hardware-related (real signal) test points

C Computer-based oscilloscope for time-domainobservation and analysis of test point signals

C Powerful, computer-based, data monitoring systemfor easy study of the first stage in the MTDprocessing (FFT Doppler filtering, thresholding, andalarm generation)

C Split range-gate trackerC Leading-edge range tracker C Lobe-switching angle trackerC On-screen, O-scope displayC O-scope display outputC Built-in Electronic Counter-Counter Measures

(ECCM)C Active jamming pod to electronically attack the radar

tracking systemC Noise and deception jamming capabilitiesC Chaff cloud simulationC Radar cross-section (RCS) measurementC Inverse synthetic-aperture radar (ISAR) imagery

capabilityC Phased array antennaC Comprehensive coursewareC System level trainingC Modular constructionC Fault-insertion capability for the teaching of

troubleshootingC Multiple test pointsC Protection against incorrect connections

The Basic Radar Training System, Model 8096-1, isa complete set of hardware, courseware, and allnecessary accessories such as targets andinterconnecting cables, that allows the principles of pulse,CW Doppler, and FM-CW radar systems to be studied.An oscilloscope is required for target echo visualizationon an A-scope display as well as time-domainobservation of signals at outputs and test points (theLab-Volt Model 797 Dual Trace Oscilloscope isrecommended).

The Basic Radar Training System consists of atransmitter, a receiver, three instrumentation modules, anantenna with pedestal, a target positioning system, anda set of accessories. A comprehensive student manualand an instructor guide, which may be orderedseparately, are also provided. Refer to the lists ofequipment provided in this data sheet for additionalinformation.

(continues on page 3)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Table of Contents of The Student Manuals . . . . . . 11Lists of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Additional Equipment Required to Perform the Exercises in the Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Equipment Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Ordering Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

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Figure 2. The Basic Radar Training System, Model 8096-1

Figure 3. Example of a PPI display obtained with the RadarProcessor/Display.

Figure 4. The Radar Processor/Display, Model 8096-2

GENERAL DESCRIPTION (cont’d)

The Radar Processor/Display, Model 8096-2, is usedin conjunction with the Basic Radar Training System,Model 8096-1, to form a complete, modern pulse radarsystem. The Radar Processor/Display adds the followingelements to the Basic Radar Training System: radar echosignal processing functions, PPI display functions, on-screen block diagrams of the complete radar and radarprocessor/display subsystem, and computer-based (i.e.,on-screen) instruments (oscilloscope and data monitoringsystem). Two major types of radar echo signal processingfunction are available: Moving Target Indication (MTI) andMoving Target Detection (MTD). The RadarProcessor/Display also provides computer-controlledgeneration of clutter and interference to allow study of theMTI processing function. The following types of clutterand interference can be generated: sea clutter, rainclutter, second-trace echo, noise, and pulse interference.

The Radar Processor/Display consists of areconfigurable training module (RTM), a power supply forthe RTM, three interface modules, a set of accessoriesincluding the Lab-Volt Radar Training System (LVRTS)software, two comprehensive student manuals, and auser guide. A Pentium-type host computer (to bepurchased separately) is required with the RTM. TheLab-Volt Model 9695 Radar Host Computer isrecommended.

The RTM is the cornerstone of the RadarProcessor/Display. This module, which uses state-of-the-art digital signal processor (DSP) technology, can beprogrammed to act as either an analog pulse radar (i.e.,a pulse radar with MTI processing) or a digital pulse radar(i.e., a pulse radar using MTD, correlation andinterpolation, and surveillance processing). Interfacemodules that students install in the RTM allow connectionof the various signals coming from the Basic RadarTraining System, as shown in Figure 5. The RTM canalso be programmed to act as a tracking radar when usedwith the Radar Tracking Training System, Model 8096-3.


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Figure 5. Simplified connection diagram of the Basic Radar Training System and Radar Processor/Display.

The RTM processes the signals from the Basic RadarTraining System to detect targets, and sends data to theradar host computer via a high-speed data link (Ethernetlink with TCP/IP protocol). The RTM can also generateclutter and interference which are added to the I- andQ-channel echo signals from the radar receiver, beforesignal processing takes place. The radar host computer,which runs the LVRTS software, uses the data producedby the RTM to display the detected targets on aPPI display generated on a color monitor. TheLVRTS software is a Windows®-based application usedto download programs into the DSP memory of the RTM,to select the type of radar which is implemented (seeFigure 6). It also has an intuitive user interface to:C select the radar processing functions and adjust other

parameters of the radar, such as the video gain,detection threshold, etc. (see Figure 7)

C control the radar display functions such as the PPIdisplay mode selection, Variable RangeMarker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), etc.(see Figure 8)

C display diagrams that show how to connect theequipment (see Figure 9)

C display the functional block diagrams of the completeradar and radar processor/display subsystem (seeFigure 10)

C connect virtual probes to test points in theaforementioned block diagrams to observe real signalsusing the built-in oscilloscope (see Figure 11)

C use the Data Monitor to observe and analyze thesignal processing sequence involved in Moving TargetDetection (see Figure 12)

C insert faults in the system (password-protectedfeature) for troubleshooting purposes (see Figure 13)

C set the parameters that control the generation ofclutter and interference (see Figure 14)

C obtain on-line help screens (see Figure 15)

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Figure 6. On-screen selection of the type of radar which isimplemented.

Figure 7. Computer-based control of the radar processingfunctions and operating parameters.

Figure 8. Computer-based control of the radar display functions.

Figure 9. Window showing the interconnections to the RTM.


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Figure 10. On-screen block diagram of the Moving TargetIndication (MTI) processor.

Figure 11. Real signals can be observed on the built-inoscilloscope by connecting virtual probes to test points in the on-screen block diagrams.

Figure 12. The Data Monitor is a powerful tool designed to studythe various stages (FFT Doppler filtering, thresholding, alarmgeneration) of Moving Target Detection (MTD).

Figure 13. Faults window in the LVRTS software.

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Figure 14. Computer-based control of clutter and interferencegeneration.

Figure 15. On-line help screens are available through a few clicksof the mouse button.

Figure 16. The Radar Tracking Training System, Model 8096-3.

Figure 17. Antenna replacement is quick and easy thanks tominiature plug-in connectors in the antenna frame and antennapedestal's shaft.

The Radar Tracking Training System1, Model 8096-3,adds on to the pulse radar implemented with the BasicRadar Training System and the Radar Processor/Display(Models 8096-1 and 8096-2, respectively), to form acontinuous tracking radar. This radar can track a passivetarget that moves in the classroom laboratory. The RadarTracking Training System includes an interface moduleto be installed in the RTM of the RadarProcessor/Display, a special dual-feed parabolic antenna,a joystick-type hand controller, a set of accessories, anda student manual.

1 The hardware of the Radar Tracking Training System will be available by September 2006.

Installation of the Radar Tracking Training System isvery simple: insert the interface module in the RTM,modify a few connections, connect the hand controller toa USB port of the host computer, and replace theconventional parabolic antenna with the dual-feedparabolic antenna. These two antennas come with aminiature plug-in connector to facilitate replacement, asshown in Figure 17.

The tracking radar can operate in three differentmodes (Scan, Manual, and Lock), which is selectedthrough the hand-controller buttons. In scan mode, theantenna rotates at constant speed, allowing observationof targets on the PPI display. In manual mode, theoperator can isolate a fixed or moving target of his or herchoice, using the hand controller to control the antennabeam angle and to position an electronic marker (rangegate) over the target echo signal. A computer-basedO-scope display is used to monitor the position of the


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Figure 18. The Radar Active Target (RAT) Training System, Model8096-4

Figure 19. Effect of barrage noise jamming produced by thejamming pod trainer of the RAT Training System as observed onthe Lab-Volt radar PPI display.

Figure 20. Stealth accessories in the RAT Training System allowreduction of the jamming pod trainer’s radar cross section.

range gate relative to the echo signal of the target to beacquired. When the range gate straddles the target echosignal, the lock mode can be activated and the target isautomatically tracked in range and azimuth by thesystem.

Range tracking is achieved by means of the splitrange-gate technique, whereas angle tracking isaccomplished using lobe switching (sequential lobing).In addition to the fully automatic tracking mode, severaluseful ECCM features are available, such as a switchablelobing rate, a range tracking rate limiter in the range loop,manual control of either the range loop or the azimuthloop while the system is locked onto a target, and leading-edge range tracking. The computer-based interface of thetracking radar allows control of these functions and offersthe same other possibilities as for the pulse radar system(visualization of the system's block diagrams, connectionof virtual probes in the on-screen block diagrams,observation of signals on the built-in oscilloscope, faultinsertion, etc.).

The Radar Active Target (RAT) Training System,Model 8096-4, is used in conjunction with the threeprevious subsystems (Models 8096-1, 8096-2, and8096-3) to train students in the principles and scenariosof EW. This is a truly unique system that places real-time,safe, and unclassified EW demonstrations into the handsof students. The RAT Training System consists of anactive jamming pod trainer, an elaborate set ofaccessories, and a comprehensive student manual.

The jamming pod trainer is a Self-Screening Jammer(SSJ) target that can perform direct or modulated noisejamming (see Figure 19) as well as repeater jamming. Itincludes a remote controller to select the type of jammingand set the jamming parameters. The jamming podtrainer and the included accessories are designed for usewith the Lab-Volt radar to implement real EW situations.This provides an effective means of introducing studentsto a real-time jamming situation that necessitates a

response, that is, the use of an appropriate ECCM toprevent losing track of the target.

The RCS and ISAR Measurement Training System,Model 8096-5, adds on to the Basic Radar TrainingSystem, Model 8096-1, to form a computer-based, pulse-mode system that can measure the radar crosssection (RCS) of targets as well as produce ISAR imagesof targets (see Figures 21 to 23).

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Figure 22. RCS pattern of a scale model of a 777 Boeing aircraftobtained using the RCS and ISAR Measurement Training System.

Figure 23. In the ISAR imagery mode, the RCS and ISARMeasurement Training System can produce images that show theshape of a target (top front view of 777 Boeing aircraft shown).

Figure 24. The RCS and ISAR Measurement Training System,Model 8096-5

Figure 21. The RCS pattern of an actual aircraft can be obtainedby placing a reflective scale model on top of the low-RCS rotatingsupport of the RCS and ISAR Measurement Training System.

The system can generate RCS patterns of targets ofup to 75-cm (30-in) length when the longest pulse widthis used. The system can also generate high-resolutionISAR images of much larger targets when the shortestpulse width is used. Because the system is based onpulse operation, it does not need to be operated in ananechoic chamber or in an outdoor range. Backgroundclutter is rejected using time-gating and subtractiontechniques during the measurement process.

The RCS and ISAR Measurement Training Systemincludes a low-RCS target support to achieve preciseRCS measurements; a high-quality desktop computerequipped with the necessary interface cards andRCS measurement/ISAR imagery software; anRCS/ISAR measurement interface module; a set ofaccessories; and a system user guide.

The Radar Phased Array Antenna Trainer,Model 8096-6, is specifically designed to be used with thecomplete, pulse radar system that can be implementedwith the Basic Radar Training System and the RadarProcessor/Display (Models 8096-1 and 8096-2,respectively). The trainer includes a phased arrayantenna, a beam-steering control module, the necessarycables, and a comprehensive student manual that dealswith the principles of electronically steered antennas.


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Figure 25. The Radar Phased Array Antenna Trainer, Model 8096-6

Figure 26. The Radar Phased Array Antenna Trainer is fullycompatible with the Lab-Volt radar training system. It allowssector-scan operation with no antenna motion.

Beam steering in the Radar Phased Array AntennaTrainer is achieved using a microwave switch coupled toa Rotman lens and microstrip tapered slot arrayantennas. Beam steering control can be manual,continuous or radar PRF dependent. Scan speeds of upto 1080 scans/min can be achieved, thereby allowing thePPI display (sector scan) of the radar system to berefreshed at much higher rates than with a conventionalmechanically rotated parabolic antenna. Targets can thusbe followed in near real time.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STUDENT MANUALS

Volume 1

Principles of Radar Systems (38542-00)– Basic Principles of Pulsed Radar– The Range-Delay Relationship– Radar Antennas– The Radar Equation– Radar Transmitter and Receiver– Antenna Driving System– CW Radar and the Doppler Effect– Frequency-Modulated CW Radar– Troubleshooting a CW Radar– Troubleshooting an FM-CW Radar– Troubleshooting a Pulsed Radar: The RF Section

Volume 2

Analog MTI Processing (38543-00)– Familiarization with the Analog Pulse Radar– The PPI Display– Phase-Processing MTI– Vector-Processing MTI– Staggered PRF– MTI Limitations– Threshold Detection– Pulse Integration– Sensitivity Time Control– Instantaneous Automatic Gain Control– The Log-FTC Receiver– Constant-False Alarm Rate– Troubleshooting the MTI Processor– Troubleshooting the Display Processor– Troubleshooting an MTI Radar System

Volume 3

Digital MTD Processing (38544-00)– Familiarization with the Digital Pulse Radar– The PPI Display– Cell Mapping– Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Processing– Constant False-Alarm Rate (CFAR)– Correlation and Interpolation (C&I) Processing– Surveillance (Track-While-Scan) Processing– Troubleshooting the Digital MTD/PPI Processor

Volume 4

Tracking Radar2 (38545-00)– Manual Tracking of a Target– Automatic Range Tracking– Angle Tracking Techniques– Automatic Angle Tracking– Range and Angle Tracking Performance (Radar-Dependent

Errors)– Range and Angle Tracking Performance (Target-Caused

Errors)– Troubleshooting an Analog Target Tracker

Volume 5

Radar in an Active Target Environment2 (38546-00)– Familiarization with the Radar Jamming Pod– Spot Noise Jamming and Burn-Through Range– Frequency Agility and Barrage Noise Jamming– Video Integration and Track-On-Jamming– Antennas in EW: Sidelobe Jamming and Space

Discrimination– Deception Jamming using the Radar Jamming Pod– Range Gate Pull-Off– Stealth Technology: The Quest for Reduced RCS– Deceptive Jamming Using Amplitude-Modulated Signals– Cross-Polarization Jamming– Multiple-Source Jamming Techniques– Chaff Clouds– Chaff Clouds used as Decoys

Volume 6

The Phased Array Antenna2 (38547-00)– Basic Principles, Operation and Adjustments– The True-Time Delay Rotman Lens– The Switching Matrix– Beamwidth Measurement– Radiation Pattern Measurement– Angular Separation Measurement– Phased Array Antenna Gain Measurement– Maximum Scan Angle Measurement– Target Bearing Estimation– Target Speed Estimation

2 This student manual will be available in the second half of year 2006. Contact your sales representative for more information.


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LISTS OF EQUIPMENT

BASIC RADAR TRAINING SYSTEM, MODEL 8096-1

QTY DESCRIPTION ORDERING NUMBER3

1 Horn Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9535-001 Power Supply / Antenna Motor Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9601-101 Radar Synchronizer / Antenna Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9602-001 Rotating-Antenna Pedestal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9603-001 Radar Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9604-001 Dual-Channel Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9605-001 Target Positioning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9607-101 Radar Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9620-101 Radar Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9621-101 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9689-001 Volume 1 – Principles of Radar Systems (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38542-001 Radar Training System (Instructor Guide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38542-10

RADAR PROCESSOR/DISPLAY ADD-ON, MODEL 8096-2

QTY DESCRIPTION ORDERING NUMBER

1 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9408-001 Reconfigurable Training Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9431-101 Analog/Digital Signal Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9630-001 Data Acquisition Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9631-001 Analog/Digital Output Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9632-001 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9689-A01 Volume 2 – Analog MTI Processing (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38543-001 Radar Processor/Display (User Guide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38543-E01 Volume 3 – Digital MTD Processing (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38544-00

RADAR TRACKING TRAINING SYSTEM ADD-ON, MODEL 8096-3


1 Dual Feed Parabolic Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9604-A01 Radar Target Tracking Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9633-001 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9690-B01 Hand Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9694-101 Volume 4 – Tracking Radar (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38545-004

3 The model numbers shown apply to the English 120-V version. Other versions are available. Refer to the Ordering Numbers section.4 This student manual will be available in the second half of year 2006. Contact your sales representative for more information.

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LISTS OF EQUIPMENT (cont'd)

RADAR ACTIVE TARGET TRAINING SYSTEM ADD-ON, MODEL 8096-4


1 Horn Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9535-001 Radar Jamming Pod Trainer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9595-101 Radar Jamming Pod Trainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9608-101 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9609-001 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9690-C01 Electronic Warfare (Text Book) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32254-801 Volume 5 – Radar in an Active Target Environment (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38546-005

RCS AND ISAR MEASUREMENT TRAINING SYSTEM ADD-ON, MODEL 8096-5


1 RCS/ISAR Measurement Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9610-001 RCS/ISAR Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9611-001 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9690-D01 Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9691-001 RCS/ISAR Measurement Training System (User Guide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39102-E0

RADAR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA TRAINER ADD-ON, MODEL 8096-6


1 Phased Array Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9612-001 Phased Array Antenna Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9613-001 Connection Leads and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9690-E01 Volume 6 – The Phased Array Antenna (Student Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38547-005

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED TO PERFORM THE EXERCISES IN THE MANUALS


1 Dual Trace Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797-206

1 Dual Function Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9402-107

1 Frequency Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9403-007

1 Radar Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9695-008

5 This student manual will be available in the second half of year 2006. Contact your sales representative for more information.6 Required for Volumes 1 and 2.7 Required for Volume 2.8 Required for Volumes 2 to 6.


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EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTIONS

SUBSYSTEM 8096-1, BASIC RADAR TRAININGSYSTEM

Model 9535 – Horn Antenna

The Horn Antenna is used in FM-CW radar and antennagain experiments. When used in conjunction with theRadar Antenna, it allows separate transmission andreception of RF signals. The Horn Antenna is also usedin certain EW demonstrations.

Model 9601 – Power Supply / Antenna Motor Driver

The Power Supply / Antenna Motor Driver is the physicalbase for the Basic Radar Training System. Severalmodules of the system are designed to be stacked on topof it side-by-side. The power supply distributes threeunregulated DC voltages to the stacked modules throughself-aligning connectors. These voltages are regulatedwithin each module to provide the required voltages.Three regulated DC voltage outputs are also availablethrough miniature banana jacks on the front panel of thepower supply.

The antenna motor driver supplies power to theModel 9603 Rotating-Antenna Pedestal. It is a Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) motor driver that uses a four-quadrant chopper requiring a command signal from theantenna controller or radar target tracking system. It isequipped with front-panel test points for trainingpurposes.

Model 9602 – Radar Synchronizer / AntennaController

The Radar Synchronizer / Antenna Controller is used forPulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) generation andsynchronization of the radar system. It also controls theoperating parameters of the radar antenna.

The synchronizer includes a PRF generator equippedwith push buttons to select the PRF and either single orstaggered mode. Two sets of outputs are used forsynchronization, one at the selected PRF and one at1024 times the selected PRF.

The antenna controller provides three control modesfor the radar antenna: manual mode, where speed(clockwise or counterclockwise) is manually controlled;PRF locked mode, which synchronizes the rotation of theantenna to the system PRF; and SCAN/TRACK mode for120-degree scanning. A three-digit display that can beswitched to show antenna position or speed is provided.The controller accepts feedback signals from the encoderon the rotating antenna pedestal and generates acommand signal for output to the antenna motor driver.The controller also generates azimuth informationrequired by other system modules.

Unregulated DC power is automatically supplied tothe Radar Synchronizer / Antenna Controller through self-aligning connectors when it is installed on the PowerSupply / Antenna Motor Driver.

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Model 9603 – Rotating-Antenna Pedestal

The Rotating-Antenna Pedestal is the mount and drivemotor for the radar antenna. It provides the RFconnection between the antenna and the radar transmitterand receiver. Antenna position feedback is obtained froman incremental optical shaft encoder, the output of whichmay be monitored through front-panel test points. The RFsection includes a circulator for simultaneoustransmission and reception. A rotary joint provides RFcoupling to the rotating antenna mount.

Model 9604 – Radar Antenna

The Radar Antenna mounts on the rotating-antennapedestal and has a miniature plug-in connector for quickRF coupling. It uses an offset-feed design to reducemasking effects. A screen of microwave-radiation-absorbing material is also supplied, which, although not

required due to the low level of RF power radiated by thesystem, provides training in microwave safety techniques.

Model 9605 – Dual-Channel Sampler

The Dual-Channel Sampler performs time expansion ofthe I- and Q-channel baseband signals from the radarreceiver in order to allow further processing and display.It has three switches to select the system observationrange, as well as control knobs for adjusting the systemrange origin, the balance of the I- and Q-channel outputsignals, and the DC offsets at the I- and Q-channeloutputs. A time base output is provided to obtain an A-scope display on a conventional oscilloscope.

Unregulated DC power is automatically supplied tothe Dual-Channel Sampler through self-aligningconnectors when it is installed on the Power Supply /Antenna Motor Driver

Model 9607 – Target Positioning System

The Target Positioning System positions a passive radartarget accurately. The system consists of a mobile targettable, a remote target controller module connected to thetable via a multiway cable, and four types of targets (asphere, a cylinder, a 90-degree reflector, three metal


16

plates and a plexiglass plate). The surface of the targettable measures 90 by 90 cm (35.1 x 35.1 in) and ismarked with a 1-cm (0.39-in) grid.

The system provides closed-loop DC servo controlof the position and speed of the target in X and Y. On thetarget controller, either manual control of target positionand speed or one of four preprogrammed trajectories canbe selected. Two three-digit displays give a readout of theX and Y position or speed of the target. The targetposition can be controlled externally using rear panelinputs.

Model 9620 – Radar Transmitter

The Radar Transmitter is an instructional moduledesigned to provide training in system- and module-leveltroubleshooting. It has switches that the instructor canuse to insert faults. These switches, as well as the circuitboards and test points, are accessed through the hingeddoor on top of the module.

The Radar Transmitter generates an RF signal thatcan be either frequency modulated or amplitudemodulated. It includes an RF oscillator, a pulse generator,and an amplitude modulator.

The RF oscillator has a frequency modulator withvariable modulation frequency and deviation. It also hasa variable output frequency, which is indicated on 2½ digitdisplay. An RF power switch allows the RF output to bedisabled.

The pulse generator produces the pulses required bythe system. It provides discrete and continuous variationof the pulse width. The pulse generator output signalcontrols the amplitude modulator to produce the pulsed(amplitude-modulated) RF signal.

Unregulated DC power is automatically supplied tothe Radar Transmitter through self-aligning connectorswhen it is installed on the Power Supply / Antenna MotorDriver.

Model 9621 – Radar Receiver

The Radar Receiver is an instructional module designedto provide training in system- and module-leveltroubleshooting. It has switches that the instructor canuse to insert faults. These switches, as well as the circuitboards and test points, are accessed through the hingeddoor on top of the module.

The Radar Receiver down-converts the receivedRF signal to baseband directly (homodyne receiver) forthe three types of radar that can be implemented (CW,FM-CW, and pulse radars). Direct CW Doppler andFM-CW outputs are provided. Quadrature detection(I- and Q-channel outputs) is used for the pulse radar.Wideband amplifiers are used in the I- and Q-channelsto ensure faithful baseband reproduction of the receivedRF signals.

Unregulated DC power is automatically supplied tothe Radar Receiver through self-aligning connectorswhen it is installed on the Power Supply / Antenna MotorDriver.

Model 9689 – Connection Leads and Accessories

The Model 9689-00 Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains all of the cables and accessories necessary foroperation of the Basic Radar Training System,Model 8096-1. These include; SMA flexible cables, BNCcables, a DB9 cable, an antenna motor driver cable, BNCtees, SMA attenuators, an SMA 50-Ω load, a measuringtape, a level, a waveguide-to-coax adapter, a hornantenna support, and quick-lock fasteners.

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SUBSYSTEM 8096-2, RADAR PROCESSOR/DISPLAY

Model 9408 – Power Supply

The Power Supply is the power source for theReconfigurable Training Module (RTM), Model 9431. Ithas two multi-pin connector outputs, located on the backpanel, that provide regulated DC voltages. Each outputcan supply power to one RTM. Auto-reset fuses protectthe Power Supply outputs against short-circuits.

Model 9431 – Reconfigurable Training Module

The Reconfigurable Training Module (RTM) is thecornerstone of the Radar Processor/Display. It consistsmainly of a powerful digital signal processor (DSP) andthree slots on the module's front panel for installinginterface modules. An Ethernet port (RJ-45) connector,located on the back panel, allows connection of the RTMto the radar host computer. The functionality of the radarsystem (analog pulse radar, digital pulse radar or trackingradar) is determined by downloading a program into theDSP memory using the host computer that runs theLVRTS software. Electrical power is supplied to the RTMby the Power Supply, Model 9408, through a multi-pincable that connects to the back panel.

Model 9630 – Analog/Digital Signal Combiner

The Analog/Digital Signal Combiner is a compact moduledesigned to be installed into one of the slots on the RTMof the Radar Processor/Display. This module converts theclutter and interference generated by the DSP of the RTMto analog format, and adds it to the I- and Q-channel echosignals coming from the Radar Receiver.

The Analog/Digital Signal Combiner has twoBNC-connector inputs to receive the I- and Q-channelecho signals. It also has four BNC-connector outputs.Two outputs provide the clutter and interference signalsadded to the I- and Q-channel echo signals. The othertwo outputs provide the I- and Q-channel, perturbed echosignals. All these inputs and outputs are protected frommisconnections within the system. Test points areavailable on the module's front panel to observe all thesesignals using a conventional oscilloscope.

DC power is automatically supplied to theAnalog/Digital Signal Combiner when it is installed intothe RTM.


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Model 9631 – Data Acquisition Interface

The Data Acquisition Interface is a compact moduledesigned to be installed into one of the slots on the RTMof the Radar Processor/Display. This module receives theI- and Q-channel echo signals of the radar, perturbed ornot, and converts them to digital format. It also receivesthe PRF and synchronization signals as well as azimuthinformation from the Radar Synchronizer / AntennaController. All these signals are then routed to the RTMfor digital signal processing.

The Data Acquisition Interface has twoBNC-connector analog inputs to receive the I- andQ-channel echo signals. It also has two BNC-connectordigital inputs where the PRF and synchronization signalsare injected. A DB15 connector is provided as a digitalinput for the azimuth information. All these inputs areprotected from misconnections within the system. Testpoints are available on the module's front panel toobserve the input signals using a conventionaloscilloscope.

DC power is automatically supplied to the DataAcquisition Interface when it is installed into the RTM.

Model 9632 – Analog/Digital Output Interface

The Analog/Digital Output Interface is a compact moduledesigned to be installed into one of the slots on the RTMof the Radar Processor/Display. This module providesanalog and digital output signals generated by the RTM.The nature of the signals generated depends on the typeof radar processing that the RTM performs.

The Analog/Digital Output Interface has fourBNC-connector analog outputs and four BNC-connectordigital outputs. All these outputs are protected frommisconnections within the system. Test points areavailable on the module's front panel to observe theoutput signals using a conventional oscilloscope.

DC power is automatically supplied to theAnalog/Digital Output Interface when it is installed into theRTM.

Model 9689-A – Connection Leads andAccessories

The Model 9689-A Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains a DB15 cable, a USB port cable, an RJ-45connector crossover cable, an Ethernet adapter (networkcard) to be installed in the radar host computer, two semi-circular cross section targets, a multiple target holder tobe used with the Target Positioning System, and theLVRTS software CD-ROM.

Model 9695 – Radar Host Computer

The Radar Host Computer is a Pentium-type personalcomputer with the Windows® XP operating system andLVRTS software installed, two color monitors, and a dual-output display adapter (video card) compatible withMicrosoft DirectX® version 9 or later.

The Radar Host Computer is used to run the LVRTSsoftware and is linked to the RTM of the RadarProcessor/Display through a high-speed data link(Ethernet link with TCP/IP protocol). It provides theradar's PPI display and allows control of the radarprocessing and display functions, and much more asdescribed in the General Description of the RadarProcessor/Display, Model 8096-2.

The Radar Host Computer is not included in theRadar Processor/Display. It must be purchasedseparately or replaced with an equivalent personalcomputer. The Windows® XP operating system is requiredto run the LVRTS software.

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SUBSYSTEM 8096-3, RADAR TRACKING TRAININGSYSTEM

Model 9604-A – Dual Feed Parabolic Antenna

The Dual Feed Parabolic Antenna mounts on the rotatingantenna pedestal and is fully compatible with theminiature plug-in RF quick connector. The dual-feedhorns are connected to a microwave SPDT switch thatallows alternating transmission and reception of the signalfrom each horn through the single rotary joint of theantenna pedestal. Switch control is achieved bysuperimposing a DC bias on the transmitted RF signal.The antenna beams formed by each horn are squintedin azimuth to allow lobe switching (sequential lobing)target tracking.

Model 9633 – Radar Target Tracking Interface

The Radar Target Tracking Interface is a compact moduledesigned to be installed into one of the slots on the RTMof the Radar Processor/Display. The module provides thelobe switching control signal and the RF circuitry (bias teeand DC blocking capacitor) required to perform lobeswitching with the Dual Feed Parabolic Antenna. To allowmanual or automatic control of the radar antenna rotation,the Radar Target Tracking Interface is also used tointercept the rotation command signal produced by theantenna controller before it reaches the antenna motordriver.

The Radar Target Tracking Interface is provided withfour SMA connectors that provide access to the lobeswitching RF circuitry. It also has two BNC-connectorinputs (lobe switch control input and antenna rotationcommand input) and two BNC-connector outputs (lobeswitch control output and antenna rotation commandoutput). All these inputs and outputs are protected frommisconnections within the system. Test points areavailable on the module's front panel to observe thesignals on the BNC-connector inputs and outputs usinga conventional oscilloscope.

DC power is automatically supplied to the RadarTarget Tracking Interface when it is installed into theRTM.

Model 9690-B – Connection Leads andAccessories

The Model 9690-B Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains a cylinder target, two zigzag targets, and a BNCconnector-to-miniature banana jack cable.

Model 9694 – Hand Controller

The Hand Controller is a joystick-type device designedto be connected to a USB port of a personal computer.It is used to select specific targets when the tracking radaris in the manual mode of operation. Fore and aft motion


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of the handle allows range positioning of a tracking cursor(range gate). Left-right motion of the handle controls thedirection of the antenna's rotation, thereby allowing theantenna to be rotated to a particular azimuth. Modecontrol of the tracking radar is achieved with the triggerbuttons on the handle of the Hand Controller.

SUBSYSTEM 8096-4, RADAR ACTIVE TARGETTRAINING SYSTEM

Model 9535 – Horn Antenna

See subsystem 8096-1.

Model 9595-1 – Radar Jamming Pod TrainerSupport

This support is a mast designed to support the RadarJamming Pod Trainer when it is used to performelectronic jamming against the Lab-Volt radar. The largebase of the mast provides stable support of the RadarJamming Pod Trainer. Soft pads attached under the baseallow the mast to glide softly over the surface of theTarget Positioning System.

Model 9608 – Radar Jamming Pod Trainer

The Radar Jamming Pod Trainer is a Self-ScreeningJammer (SSJ) target in a compact enclosure. It isdesigned to be placed on the Target Positioning System,Model 9607, to electronically attack the Lab-Volt radartraining system by masking the target echo signal withnoise or causing either range or angle deception. TheRadar Jamming Pod Trainer mainly consists of an RFsignal source, a variable attenuator, transmitting andreceiving horn antennas, a signal repeater, an amplitudemodulator, and a remote controller.

The RF signal source is a Voltage-ControlledOscillator (VCO) whose frequency range is approximatelytwice that of the Lab-Volt radar training system. The VCOfrequency can be adjusted to perform radar jammingusing spot noise. The VCO can also be modulated in fre-quency, either internally or externally, to produce barragenoise jamming. The variable attenuator decreases theVCO signal level before it is sent to the transmitting hornantenna. This allows the amount of noise introduced inthe victim radar (i.e., the Lab-Volt radar) to be adjusted.The maximum transmitted power is low, thereby providingsafe operation in a laboratory environment.

The receiving horn antenna intercepts the pulsesignal transmitted by the Lab-Volt radar. The repeater,which consists of an amplifier and a programmable delayline, amplifies and delays the intercepted signal. Bytransmitting this signal back to the radar and graduallyincreasing the delay, the range gate in the radar trackingsystem can be captured and pulled away from the targetecho, thereby producing range deception. This techniqueis usually referred to as Range Gate Pull Off (RGPO).

The amplitude modulator consists of an electronic RFswitch which can be controlled either internally orexternally. It is used to modulate the amplitude of theVCO output signal or repeated signal (on-off modulation).The amplitude modulator allows implementation of AMnoise jamming and asynchronous inverse gain jamming.It also allows blinking jamming when a secondtransmitting horn antenna is connected to an auxiliary RFoutput on the Radar Jamming Pod Trainer. These three

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jamming techniques are used to cause angle deceptionin the radar tracking system.

The remote controller is used to operate the RadarJamming Pod Trainer. Communication between theremote controller and the Radar Jamming Pod Trainer isthrough an infra-red link. Buttons and an LCD display onthe remote controller provide access to the variousfunctions of the Radar Jamming Pod Trainer.

The Radar Jamming Pod Trainer can be tilted 90E toperform cross-polarization jamming, another techniqueused to cause angle deception in the radar tracking sys-tem. It can also be used with accessories to demonstrateother jamming techniques such as sidelobe jamming,formation jamming, and jammer illuminated chaff (JAFF),as well as the fundamentals of stealth technology.

The Radar Jamming Pod Trainer operates fromunregulated DC voltages. A cable allows the RadarJamming Pod Trainer to be connected to a Lab-Voltstandard unregulated DC power bus (available on thePower Supply / Antenna Motor Driver, Model 9601, andthe Power Supply, Model 9609).

Model 9609 – Power Supply

The Power Supply can be installed under the surface ofthe Target Positioning System, Model 9607, to providepower to the Radar Jamming Pod Trainer, Model 9608.It provides the same unregulated DC voltages as thePower Supply / Antenna Motor Driver, Model 9601,through a multi-pin connector located on its top panel.This connector is identical to the power connector usedon several other modules of the system and has the samepin configuration.

Model 9690-C – Connection Leads andAccessories

The Model 9690-C Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains a chaff cloud simulation device, a multifunctionstand, a triangular (stealth) shield to cover the RadarJamming Pod Trainer, Radiation Absorbing Material(RAM), a set of microwave components and cables, anda sample of actual chaff.

SUBSYSTEM 8096-5, RCS AND ISAR MEASUREMENTTRAINING SYSTEM

Model 9610 – RCS/ISAR Measurement Interface

The RCS/ISAR Measurement Interface containsadditional RF circuitry that allows RCS and ISARmeasurements to be performed using the Basic RadarTraining System, Model 8096-1. The RF circuitry consistsof a time-gated, variable-gain amplifier; a circulator; andtwo limiters. The time-gated, variable-gain amplifierincreases the peak RF power transmitted. It alsomaintains the average RF power transmitted to a levelthat allows the system to be operated safely in aclassroom laboratory. The circulator is used forsimultaneous transmission and reception using the sameantenna. The limiters prevent saturation in the I and Qchannels of the receiving section of the system (i.e., theRadar Receiver and the Dual-Channel Sampler).

Model 9611 – RCS/ISAR Processor

The RCS/ISAR Processor converts the I- and Q-channeltarget echo signals coming from the radar receivingsection into digital signals which are then processed usingcomplex calculation algorithms to obtain RCSmeasurements and ISAR images. The RCS/ISARProcessor consists of a high-quality desktop computer


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equipped with the necessary interface cards and RCSmeasurement/ISAR imagery software.

Model 9690-D – Connection Leads andAccessories

The Model 9690-D Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains a low-RCS target support with a storage stand,an adjustable base and long interconnection cables forthe Rotating-Antenna Pedestal, additional BNC and SMAcables, a tripod with an antenna mast, a large hornantenna, a small metal plate target, a small metal platetarget with radar absorbing material (RAM) on one side,and a reflective airplane target (scale model).

Model 9691 – Monitor

The Model 9691 Monitor is used as the display for theRCS and ISAR Measurement Training System. It isdesigned to be connected to the video output of theRCS/ISAR Processor.

SUBSYSTEM 8096-6, RADAR PHASED ARRAYANTENNA TRAINER

Model 9612 – Phased Array Antenna

The Phased Array Antenna is specifically designed to beused with the Lab-Volt Radar Training System. It allowsan horizontal sector to be scanned (azimuthal scanning)without any antenna motion. The antenna can be tilted90E to demonstrate elevation scanning. The Phased

Array Antenna consists of a microwave switch coupledto a Rotman lens and microstrip tapered slot arrayantennas. A built-in circulator allows simultaneoustransmission and reception.

Model 9613 – Phased Array Antenna Controller

The Phased Array Antenna Controller is used for beamsteering control of the Phased Array Antenna (PAA),Model 9612. It allows the PAA to be operated in thefollowing three different scan modes: manual, continuous,and PRF locked (radar PRF dependent). The beamsequence (i.e., the order in which the beams arescanned) can be either linear or pseudo-random, orconsists of even-numbered beams only (skips over everysecond beam). A 3-digit display on the front panel of thePhased Array Antenna Controller indicates the numberof the selected beam, the angular position of the beamor the scan speed.

Model 9690-E – Connection Leads andAccessories

The Model 9690-E Connection Leads and Accessoriescontains two short SMA cables with built-in passivelimiters, two low-loss long SMA cables, a 30-dB SMAattenuator, a DB25 cable, and a microwave absorbingpen.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Model 8096 – Radar Training System 120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

Power Requirement Current 10 A 5 A

Frequency Range 8 to 10 GHz

Output Power Density at Horn CW Mode 0.02 mW/cm2

Maximum Range (equiv. RCS of target: 1 m2) >8 m (>26 ft) (typical)

Range 1.8 m (5.9 ft), 3.6 m (11.8 ft), 7.2 m (23.6 ft), switch selectable

Range Resolution 15 cm (6 in) (typical)

Physical Characteristics Space required per system 8 m2 (86 ft2)

Model 8096-2 – Radar Processor/Display (Analog Pulse Radar)

MTI Processor Functions Sensitivity Time Control (STC), moving target cancellation,logarithmic amplification, Fast Time Constant (FTC), ConstantFalse-Alarm Rate (CFAR), Instantaneous Automatic GainControl (IAGC), antilog conversion, 4- and 8-pulse video integration(non-coherent)

I- and Q-Channel Input Voltage Range !1.5 to +1.5 V

Video Output Voltage Range !10 to +10 V

On-ScreenTest Points 15

Faults 12

Display Processor PPI Outputs X and Y, Voltage Range -8 to +8 V

PPI Output Z TTL

Azimuth Input TTL

On-Screen Test Points 8

Faults 4

Model 8096-2 – Radar Processor/Display (Digital Pulse Radar)

MTD Processor Functions Moving Target Detection (MTD), Correlation and Interpolation,Surveillance

Coherent Processing Intervals (CPI) 2, 4/3 ratio, synchronized in azimuth

Target Tracking Capability up to 8 targets simultaneously

I- and Q-Channel Input Voltage Range !1.5 to +1.5 V

PPI Outputs X and Y, Voltage Range -8 to +8 V

PPI Output Z TTL

Azimuth Input TTL

On-ScreenTest Points 15

Faults 13

PPI Display Number of Sectors 60

Sector Width 6E

Number of Range Segments 16, 32, and 64 on 1.8-m (5.9-ft), 3.6-m (11.8-ft), and 7.2-m (23.6-ft)ranges, respectively

Range Segment Length 11.25 cm (4.4 in)

Number of Cells 960, 1920, and 3840 on 1.8-m (5.9-ft), 3.6-m (11.8-ft), and 7.2-m(23.6-ft) ranges, respectively

Model 8096-3 – Radar Tracking Training System (Tracking Radar)

Lobe Switch Control Input, Voltage Range -5 to +5 V

Antenna Rotation Command Input, Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Lobe Switch Control Output, Voltage Range -5 to +5 V

Antenna Rotation Command Output, Voltage Range -10 to +10 V


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SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 8096-3 – Radar Tracking Training System (Tracking Radar) (cont’d)

PPI Display X- and Y-Output Voltage Range -8 to +8 V

Z Output Voltage Range TTL

O-Scope Display Video Output Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Time Base Output Voltage Range 0 to +10 V

Maximum Range Tracking Rate >35 cm/s (>14 in/s)

Maximum Angle (Azimuth) Tracking Rate >6E/s

On-Screen Test Points 24

Faults 12

Model 8096-5 – RCS and ISAR Measurement Training System


Antennas pyramidal horn, 73 x 91 mm (2.9 x 3.6 in) aperture, 18 dB; offsetfeed parabolic reflector, 30 cm (11.8 in), 27 dB

Sensitivity !37 dBsm

Pulse Width Selectable 1, 2, and 5 ns

Variable 0.6 to 5.5 ns

Maximum Peak Power 200 mW

Angular Accuracy 0.25E

Model 9408 – Power Supply 120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

Power Requirement Current 3.5 A 2.0 A 2.0 A

Rating of DC Power Outputs (2) +5 V 8 A / output

+3.3 V 7 A / output

+12 V - A 5 A / output

+12 V - B 3 A / output

-12 V 0.75 A (both outputs)

-5 V 0.5 A (both outputs)

AC Power Outlet Rating 120 V, 0.3 A, 50/60 Hz

Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 165 x 250 x 250 mm (6.5 x 9.8 x 9.8 in)

Net Weight 5.6 kg (12.2 lb)

Model 9431 – Reconfigurable Training Module

Interface Card Slots Analog/Digital 2

Digital 1

Analog Inputs (4) Voltage Range ±10 V

Impedance 600 Ω

Analog Outputs (4) Voltage Range ±10 V

Impedance 600 Ω

A and B Auxiliary Outputs Voltage Range ±10 V

Impedance 600 Ω

C and D Auxiliary Outputs Voltage Range ±3.0 V

Impedance 8 Ω

Data Link to Host Computer 10 Mb/s (Ethernet) or 100 Mb/s (Fast Ethernet), TCP/IP Protocol



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SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 9601 – Power Supply / Antenna Motor Driver 120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

Power Requirement Current 5 A 2.5 A

Power Supply Unregulated DC Outputs !25 V typ. !3 A max.; +11 V typ. ! 5 A max. (two separate outputs);+25 V typ. ! 3 A max.

Regulated DC Outputs !15 V at 0.5 A; +5 V at 1 A; +15 V at 0.5 A

AC Line Protection Circuit breaker

Regulated DC Output Protection Foldback current limiting

Unregulated DC Output Protection Circuit breaker

Antenna Motor Driver Input Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

PWM Output Voltage Range -24 V to +24 V max.

Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 104 x 687 x 305 mm (4.1 x 27 x 12 in)


Model 9602 – Radar Synchronizer / Antenna Controller

Radar Synchronizer PRF 12, 18, 144, 216, 288 Hz

Mode Single, Staggered

Outputs A & B TTL

Antenna Controller Antenna Rotation Speed Range 0 to 15 r/min.

Azimuth Output 10-bit TTL

Output Voltage Range -15 to +15 V max.

Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13 x 11.8 in)


Model 9603 – Rotating-Antenna Pedestal

RF Input and Output Impedance 50 Ω

Shaft Encoder Incremental, 1024 steps

Shaft Encoder Outputs (A, B, Index) TTL

Rotation 360E



Model 9604 – Radar Antenna

Type Offset Feed

Feed Type Single Horn

Beamwidth (at -3 dB) 6E

Gain 27 dB (typical)

Impedance 50 Ω

Polarization Linear, vertical



Model 9604-A – Dual Feed Parabolic Antenna

Crossover Level of Antenna Beams (at 6 m) 3.2 dB (typical)

Antenna beam Squint (at 6 m) ±3.2E (typical)




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SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 9605 – Dual-Channel Sampler

I-, Q-Channel Input Voltage Range -1 V to +1 V

Pulse Input Impedance 50 Ω

Trigger Inputs TTL

Range Selectable, 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 m (5.9, 11.8, and 23.6 ft)

A-Scope Time-Base Output Level 2 V

Physical characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13 x 11.4 in)


Model 9607 – Target Positioning System 120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

Power Requirement Current 2 A 0.8 A

Target Table Positioning Accuracy ±0.5 cm (±0.2 in)

Target Controller Speed Range 0 to 30 cm/s (0 to 11.8 in/s)

Programmed Trajectories 4

External Voltage Range -5 to +5 V

External Input Impedance 10 kΩ

Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 950 x 1325 x 1220 mm (37.4 x 52.2 x 48 in)

Net Weight 100 kg (220 lb)

Model 9608 – Radar Jamming Pod Trainer


Output Power !30 to +10 dBm, adjustable in 1 dB steps

Internal Frequency Modulation Waveform Selectable, 980-Hz synthesized triangular wave or 30-kbps pseudo-random bit sequence

Deviation Selectable, 50 MHz, 1, 2, 3, and 4 GHz

Frequency Modulation Input Voltage Range !10 to +10 V (to cover 8 to 12 GHz)

Modulating Frequency Range DC to 130 kHz

Impedance 10 kΩ

Internal Amplitude Modulation Type On-Off

Frequency Selectable, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 , 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145,146, 147, and 148 Hz

Amplitude Modulation Input (on-off modulation) Level TTL

Delay Time / Transition Time 150 ns / 50 ns

Auxiliary RF Output Frequency Range 8 to 12 GHz

Output Power !30 to +10 dBm, adjustable in 1 dB steps

Impedance 50 Ω

Signal Repeater (Programmable Delay Line) Maximum Input Power +10 dBm

Range of Delay 2.66 to 5.60 ns (40 to 84.2 cm), adjustable in 7 steps of 0.42 ns(6.3 cm)

RGPO Walk-Off Time Selectable, 0.8, 1.6, 4.0, and 8.0 s



Model 9609 – Power Supply 120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

Power Requirement Current 1.5 A 0.75 A

Unregulated DC Outputs !25 V typ. !1.5 A max.; +11 V typ. !3 A max.; +25 V typ.!1.5 A max.

Line Input Protection 2-A / 1-A circuit breaker

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SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 9609 – Power Supply (cont’d)

Unregulated DC Output Protection 1.5-A and 3-A circuit breakers



Model 9610 – RCS/ISAR Measurement Interface


RF Amplifier Maximum Gain 22 dB

On Time per Pulse ~150 ns

Limiters Type Diodes

Voltage Limits ±1 V


Sync. Input TTL



Model 9611 – RCS/ISAR Processor

A/D Converters Resolution 10 bits

Dynamic Range 54 dB

Averaging Selectable, 4, 8, 16, and 32 samples

Physical Characteristics Approx. Dimensions (H x W x D) 400 x 200 x 450 mm (16 x 8 x 18 in)

Approx. Net Weight 13.6 kg (30 lb)

Model 9612 – Phased Array Antenna

Scan Width ±35E

Number of Beams 16

Horizontal Beam Width 5 to 6E

Gain 20 to 22 dBi


Control Input TTL



Model 9613 – Phased Array Antenna Controller

Scan Mode Manual, Continuous, and PRF Locked

Scan Speed (Continuous Scan Mode) Selectable, 54, 90, 135, 270, 540, 810, and 1080 scans/min

Beam Sequence Incremental, Pseudo-Random, and Even

Trigger Inputs TTL

Azimuth Output 10-bit TTL

Control Output TTL



Model 9620 – Radar Transmitter

RF Oscillator Frequency Range 8 to 10 GHz

Output Power +10 dBm (typical)

Output Impedance 50 Ω


28

SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 9620 – Radar Transmitter (cont’d)

CW/FM-CW RF Output Power +0.5 dBm (typical)

Impedance 50 Ω

Pulse Generator Pulse Width Ranges 1, 2, 5, 1 to 5 ns

Trigger Input TTL

Output Level 300 mV

Output Impedance 50 Ω

Faults 10, switch-insertable

Test Points 10


Net Weight 5 kg (11 lb)

Model 9621 – Radar Receiver

Type Direct Conversion - DC-IF

Detector Type Quadrature

RF Input Frequency Range 8 to 12.4 GHz

Bandwidth 600 MHz

Sensitivity Noise Figure better than 18 dB

Local Oscillator Input Power +11 dBm (+13 dBm maximum)

I- and Q-Channel Pulsed Output Voltage Range -900 to +900 mV

CW Doppler Output Voltage Range -15 to +15 V

FM-CW Output Voltage Range -15 to +15 V

Faults 6, switch-insertable

Test Points 10



Model 9630 – Analog/Digital Signal Combiner

Analog Inputs (2) Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Impedance 10 kΩ

Analog Outputs 3 and 4 Voltage Range -1 to +1 V

Impedance 600 Ω

Analog Outputs 5 and 6 Voltage Range -11 to +11 V

Impedance 600 Ω

Test Points 6



Model 9631 – Data Acquisition Interface

Analog Inputs (2) Voltage Range -1.5 to +1.5 V

Impedance 10 kΩ

Digital Inputs (2) TTL

Parallel Digital Input TTL, 10 bits

Test Points 4



29

SPECIFICATIONS (cont'd)Model 9632 – Analog/Digital Output Interface

Analog Outputs (4) Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Impedance 600 Ω

Digital Outputs (4) TTL

Test Points 8



Model 9633 – Radar Target Tracking Interface

RF Inputs and Outputs Impedance 50 Ω


Lobe Switch Control Input Voltage Range -5 to +5 V

Impedance 1.5 kΩ

Lobe Switch Control Output Voltage Range -5 to +5 V

Impedance 1.0 kΩ

Antenna Rotation Command Input Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Impedance 10 kΩ

Antenna Rotation Command Output Voltage Range -10 to +10 V

Impedance 600 Ω

Test Points 4



Model 9694 – Hand Controller




30

ORDERING NUMBERS

120 V – 50/60 Hz 220 V – 50 Hz 240 V – 50 Hz

ENGLISH FRENCH SPANISH ENGLISH FRENCH SPANISH ENGLISH797-20 797-20 797-20 797-25 797-25 797-25 797-25

8096-10 8096-11 8096-12 8096-15 8096-16 8096-17 8096-1A8096-20 8096-21 8096-22 8096-25 8096-26 8096-27 8096-2A8096-30 8096-31 8096-32 8096-30 8096-31 8096-32 8096-308096-40 8096-41 8096-42 8096-45 8096-46 8096-47 8096-4A8096-50 8096-51 8096-52 8096-55 8096-56 8096-57 8096-5A8096-60 8096-61 8096-62 8096-60 8096-61 8096-62 8096-609402-10 9402-11 9402-12 9402-10 9402-11 9402-12 9402-109403-00 9403-01 9403-02 9403-00 9403-01 9403-02 9403-009408-00 9408-00 9408-00 9408-05 9408-05 9408-05 9408-0A9431-10 9431-10 9431-10 9431-10 9431-10 9431-10 9431-109535-00 9535-00 9535-00 9535-00 9535-00 9535-00 9535-009595-10 9595-10 9595-10 9595-10 9595-10 9595-10 9595-109601-10 9601-11 9601-12 9601-15 9601-16 9601-17 9601-1A9602-00 9602-01 9602-02 9602-00 9602-01 9602-02 9602-009603-00 9603-01 9603-02 9603-00 9603-01 9603-02 9603-009604-00 9604-00 9604-00 9604-00 9604-00 9604-00 9604-009604-A0 9604-A0 9604-A0 9604-A0 9604-A0 9604-A0 9604-A09605-00 9605-01 9605-02 9605-00 9605-01 9605-02 9605-009607-10 9607-11 9607-12 9607-15 9607-16 9607-17 9607-1A9608-10 9608-11 9608-12 9608-10 9608-11 9608-12 9608-109609-00 9609-01 9609-02 9609-05 9609-06 9609-07 9609-0A9610-00 9610-01 9610-02 9610-00 9610-01 9610-02 9610-009611-00 9611-01 9611-02 9611-05 9611-06 9611-07 9611-0A9612-00 9612-01 9612-02 9612-00 9612-01 9612-02 9612-009613-00 9613-01 9613-02 9613-00 9613-01 9613-02 9613-009620-10 9620-11 9620-12 9620-10 9620-11 9620-12 9620-109621-10 9621-11 9621-12 9621-10 9621-11 9621-12 9621-109630-00 9630-00 9630-00 9630-00 9630-00 9630-00 9630-009631-00 9631-00 9631-00 9631-00 9631-00 9631-00 9631-009632-00 9632-00 9632-00 9632-00 9632-00 9632-00 9632-009633-00 9633-00 9633-00 9633-00 9633-00 9633-00 9633-009689-00 9689-00 9689-00 9689-00 9689-00 9689-00 9689-009689-A0 9689-A0 9689-A0 9689-A0 9689-A0 9689-A0 9689-A09690-B0 9690-B0 9690-B0 9690-B0 9690-B0 9690-B0 9690-B09690-C0 9690-C0 9690-C0 9690-C0 9690-C0 9690-C0 9690-C09690-D0 9690-D0 9690-D0 9690-D0 9690-D0 9690-D0 9690-D09690-E0 9690-E0 9690-E0 9690-E0 9690-E0 9690-E0 9690-E09691-00 9691-00 9691-00 9691-05 9691-05 9691-05 9691-0A9694-10 9694-10 9694-10 9694-10 9694-10 9694-10 9694-109695-00 9695-00 9695-00 9695-05 9695-05 9695-05 9695-0A

38542-00 38542-01 38542-02 38542-00 38542-01 38542-02 38542-0038542-10 38542-11 38542-12 38542-10 38542-11 38542-12 38542-1038543-00 38543-01 38543-02 38543-00 38543-01 38543-02 38543-0038543-E0 38543-E1 38543-E2 38543-E0 38543-E1 38543-E2 38543-E038544-00 38544-01 38544-02 38544-00 38544-01 38544-02 38544-0038545-00 38545-01 38545-02 38545-00 38545-01 38545-02 38545-0038546-00 38546-01 38546-02 38546-00 38546-01 38546-02 38546-0038547-00 38547-01 38547-02 38547-00 38547-01 38547-02 38547-0039102-E0 39102-E1 39102-E2 39102-E0 39102-E1 39102-E2 39102-E0

Table 1. Equipment Ordering Numbers

Reflecting Lab-Volt's commitment to high quality standards in product, design, development, production, installation, and service, our manufacturing and distribution facilityhas received the ISO 9001 certification.

Lab-Volt reserves the right to make product improvements at any time and without notice and is not responsible for typographical errors. Lab-Volt recognizes all productnames used herein as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. © Lab-Volt 2006. All rights reserved.

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