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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa HNi

Khoa in T-Vin Thng

Ti: H Thng a!ar

"io Vi#n H$ng %&n: o Ngc 'hi(n

)inh *i#n +h,c hin : Ng inh .c /$0 : T1-K21

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Ni Dung Chnh1. L Thuyt Radar

2. M hnh ca h thng radar

. Tha! " #nh h$%ng h&'t (ng ca rada). R*C+ radar cr&"" ",cti&n

-. Mt " &'i radar /0 ng dng

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1. L thuyt radar1.1. Nguyn l hot ng

1.2. Khong cch ca mc tiu pht hin

1.3. S pht !ung t"ong "a#a"

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1.1 Nguy3n 4&'t (ng Radar5radi& d,t,cti&n and ranging67 8h9t ra ":ng

din t; /0 thu ":ng di 'i (< =9c (>nh !c ti3u D?a tr3n "? 8h9t hin /0 8h ":ng Radi& Radi& 0 ":ng (in t;7

@$Ac ":ng d0i Bhng c9ch @a& tr!7 1c! + 1EEEEF!

Radar "G dng @$Ac ":ng 1Ec!H t$Ing ng tJn "K4

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1.1 Nguy3n 4&'t (ng$%&%$$%#io &'t'ction %n# $anging

Antenna

Transmitted

Pulse

TargetCross

Section

Propagation

Reflected

Pulse

(echo)

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1.1 Nguy3n 4&'t (ng D?a tr3n "? 8h9t hin /0 8h ":ng Radi& Radi& 0 ":ng (in t;7

@$Ac ":ng d0i Bhng c9ch @a& tr!7 1c! + 1EEEEF!

Radar "G dng @$Ac ":ng 1Ec! + 1.OOc!H t$Ing

ng tJn " K4 + 1P4

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1.2. Bhng c9ch ca !c ti3u 8h9t hin

Transm

itted

Pulse

Reflec

ted

Pulse

Rang

e

Target

Target range =

c3+

2

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1.2. Bhng c9ch ca !c ti3u 8h9t hin 2RcQt

c . !". Sn tc an truyUn ":ng (in t; Qt 7 Fhng thVi gian trW t; Xc 8h9t =ung (n Xc nhn

($Yc =ung 8h#n =' tr% 'i

Ta c:7 RcQt2

1EP

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1.. *? 8h9t =ung tr&ng radar ChuZi =ung 0 d'ng (iUu ch @i3n ( ca ":ng

!ang tJn " Radi&. ing /Ai (iUu ch @i3n ( tr&ng /iWn thng. Thng tin r[t (In gi#n7 !t =ung (In ($Yc \8 'i

t'& th0nh chuZi =ung

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1.. *? 8h9t =ung tr&ng radar

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1.. *? 8h9t =ung tr&ng radar ]^7 8u", _idth5`"6 ThVi gian 8h9t =ung RT 7 R,",t ti!,5`"6Fh&ang thVi gian giba 2

=ung. ]RT78u", r,8,titi&n ti!,Fhng thVi gian giba

(i thVi

gian

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2. M hnh ca h thng radar2.1. *I (e Fhi

2.2. Bhi 8h9t ":ng 5Tran"!itt,r6

2.. Bhi thu 5R,c,i/,r62.). Bhi Nguen 5]&_,r *u88y6

2.-. Bhi (eng @ 5*ynchr&ni,r6

2.O. f chuy

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2.1. *I (e Fhi

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2.2. Bhi 8h9t ":ng 5Tran"!itt,r6 T'& ":ng radi& /0 (iUu ch n: /Ai dy =ung t'& t;

@ (eng @

Bhuyt ('i tn hiu 3n !c njng $Yng ca& (nh !c ti3u7

]r 5*N6N] /Ai ]r7 njng $Yng ":ng 8h#n hei

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2.. Bhi thu 5R,c,i/,r6 Njng $Yng nhp nh[t (< 8h9t hin *!in 5*N6N] 5^6 MD*7Minimum Discernible Signal

MD* 1E &g5*!in1!^6 5d@!6

*N (< =9c (>nh /t "W (uYc hi hay Fhng hi tr3n !0n hnh. *N 17 njng $Yng 8h#n =' nhiWu nUn th /t "q ($Yc

hi + nhiWu An hIn N] "q ($Yc hi. C#nh @9&"ai.

*N An7 t c: c#nh @9& "ai nh$ng Fhng 8h9t hin ($Yc 1

" !c ti3u tht

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2.. Bhi thu 5R,c,i/,r6 *N nhp7 c: nhiUu c#nh @9& "ai high Ka", aar! rat,

5R6

M9y thu CR 5c&n"tant Ka", aar! rat,6 "q (iUuchlnh *N (< gibu tl " c#nh @9& "ai 0 Fhng (si. \c tnh !9y thu7

Tch hY8 =ung7 [y gi9 tr> trung @nh ca nhiUu =ung.

NhiWu ngu nhi3n Fhng =u[t hin tr&ng !Zi =ung +=9c (>nh ($Yc nhiWu /Ai !c ti3u 5=u[t hin tr&ng !Zi=ung6

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2.. Bhi thu 5R,c,i/,r6 iUu Fhi

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2.). Bhi Nguen 5]&_,r *u88y6

Cung c[8 njng $Yng ch& t[t c# c9c Fhi Fh9c Nguen cung c[8 !t njng $Ing ti3u th nhp hIn

njng $Yng 8h9t =ung Njng $Yng cJn ch& Fhi 8h9t =ung 0 An 5/0i F_6. Njng $Yng "q ($Yc tch tr&ng t tr&ng Fhng thVi

gian R,",t Ti!,. *G dng tr&ng 8h9t =ung.

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2.-. Bhi (eng @ 5*ynchr&ni,r6

Bt hY8 "? tnh t&9n thVi gian ch& =9c (>nh 8h'!/i 5]^+R!inH ]R+R!a=6

iUu chlnh tc ( =ung gGi Tn hiu t; @ deng @ gGi tAi !9y 8h9t Gi !t =ung !Ai (n !0n hnh (< r,",t 'i kuwt

!0n hnh

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2.O. f chuy

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2.O. f chuy

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2.. ng t,n 5nt,nna6

Nhn =ung t; !9y 8h9t /0 truyUn ra !i truVng T8 trung njng $Yng th0nh !t ch! tia

Tjng njng $Yng x9c (>nh h$Ang ca !c ti3u.

C: NhiUu h thng jngt,n Fhng thay (si h$Ang/U /t nh$ng c: h thng 9i tia (in tG

f,a!+_idth 5( rng tia67 8h'! /i g:c ca njng$Yng @c =' An nh[t. rng tia th,& trc ngang rng tia th,& trc (ng

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2.. ng t,n 5nt,nna6 zL

7 @,a!+_idth th,& 8h$Ing ngang 5rad6

z7 @$Ac ":ng ca rada L 7 Fch th$Ac ca jngt,n tr&ng h$Ang Fh& "9t Tr&ng jngt,n 1 h$Ang ca ch! tia 2 z L 4 " h$Ang 5dir6 ($Yc tnh @mng "? (& ('c (nh ($Yc !c ti3u Rr," Rr," t$Ing ($Ing /Ai Fhng c9ch ca ( rng =ung Rr," c ]^2

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.1. rng =ung 5]u", _idth6

xung 8h9t t$%ng

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.1. rng =ung 5]u", _idth6

]_!in 12f f7 @jng tJn ca !9y 8h9t

Rr,"5!in6 c)f

Bhng c9ch nhp nh[t !0 radar =9c (>nh ($Yc!c ti3u7

R!in c]^2 Bhng Fhng kuan "9t ($Yc tr3n !0n "q 0 !t

/ng @s trng

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.1. rng =ung 5]u", _idth6

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.2. TJn " \8 'i =ung 5]R6

TJn " ]R #nh h$%ng (n Fhng c9ch c?c ('ic: th< @vt ($Yc !c ti3u

Bhi "? 8h#n 'i t; =a Fhng tAi !9y thu thu tr&ngFhng thVi gian tr$Ac Fhi 8h9t =ung !Ai "qFh&ng ($Yc hi chnh =9c.

Bhi @ (! Fh%i t'& !0n hnh Fh%i t'& 'i +Fhng c9ch hi nhp hIn Fhng c9ch th?c

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.2. TJn " \8 'i =ung 5]R6

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.2. TJn " \8 'i =ung 5]R6

Bhng cach c9ch chnh =9c c? ('i !0 c: th< hi 0 Runa!r

Runa!r c]RT2 c52]R6

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.. Mt " chX

Bhi kuwtH radar cJn (iUu chlnh tl kuwt + "q c: 1" =ung ($Yc truyUn (< "? 8h9t hin 0 tin cy

t =ung7 Fh: 8hn @it !c ti3u "ai /Ai !c ti3utht Mc ti3u "ai7 c: th< hi tr&ng 1 hay 2 =ung nh$ng

Fhng th< tr&ng 1E hay 2E =ung

< tl 8h9t hin "ai np " =ung 8h9t An Fhngtr3n 1E =ung

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.. Mt " chX

Bhi ]R An th ch! =ung kuay nhanh n3ntc ( kuwt An dW d0ng 8h9t hin !c ti3u % h$Ang n0&

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.). TJn " radi&

TJn " ":ng !0n radi& cng c: #nh h$%ng (n "?8h9t =' ca ch! tia radar

TJn " c?c th[87 ch! tia radar @> FhXc =' % tJngFh kuy gib 'i tr&ng duct a! tjngFh&ang c9ch

TJn " c?c ca&7 Ch! tia nh$ 0 9nh "9ng nhn th[y

/0 ![t njng $Yng + Fhng 8h hY8 ch& rada tJ!=a

TJn " cng #nh h$%ng (n @,a!+_idth

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.). TJn " radi&

Cng 1 Fch th$Ac jngt,n tJn " th[8 hIn hIn "qch& @,a!+_idth An hIn.

Nu gibu @,a!+_idth c&n"tant % tJn " th[8 th8h#i tjng FicF" th$Ac jngt,n

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.). TJn " radi&

%tmo)ph'"ic-'ct)

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t!&"8h,ric att,nuati&n

R,K,cti&n &KK &K ,arth" "urKac,

/,r+th,+h&ri&n diKKracti&n5"?nhiWu ='6

t!&"8h,ric r,Kracti&n

Radar beams can be attenuated reflected and

bent b! the en"ironment

Radar beams can be attenuated reflected and

bent b! the en"ironment

3./. (0n )* "a#io

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).R*C+ radar cr&"" ",cti&n

).1 >nh ngha

).2 R*C ca !t " /t thnh ngha

R*C 5!\t 8h{ng cvt ngang radar6 ca !t !cti3u 0 "? "& "9nh njng $Yng ":ng 8h#n ='

ca !c ti,u /Ai "? 8h#n =' ca !t hnhcJu trIn tuyt (i =wt tr3n !t 1!2 nm!ngang.

Fhng @a& ge! t[t c# njng $Yng @c =' rIica !c ti3u

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).1 >nh ngha

R*C ca !t (ch tnh @mng7 ]r&,ct,d cr&"" ",cti&n = R,K,cti/ity = Dir,cti/ity

R,K,cti/ity7 8hJn trj! njng $Yng @c =' ca !c ti3u Dir,cti/ity7 t " giba njng $Yng @c =' /U h$Ang ca

radar tr3n njng $Yng @c =' th,& t[t c# c9c h$Ang ]r&,ct,d cr&"" ",cti&n7 din tch !\t cvt ngang ca (i

t$Yng

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).1 >nh ngha

$S hng c4n56ng 78i #in

t9ch h:nh h;c 4nh cJu7

."8r5r6 R*C ca !t hnh

cJu (c 8 /Ai tJn" Fhi zrang,Hzr

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).2 R*C ca !t " /t th !2 tr3n h$Ang tAi6 *G dng d'ng hnh cJu "q giX8 ch& 8hw8 (&8h$Ing h$Ang /0 /> tr ca hnh cJu "q Fhng @>#nh h$%ng @%i 8hw8 (& c$Vng ( 8h#n =' nh$ !t

!\t 8h{ng 5t[! thw86. Nu (& c9c nguen Fh9c c: th< "G dng 8hw8 (& "&

"9nh.

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).2 R*C ca !t " /t th