radial access for all - cardiotecaradial access appeared very early in the interventional era (1948,...
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RADIAL ACCESS FOR ALL ACS PATIENTS
IVÁN J NÚÑEZ GIL, MD PhD FESC
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Conflicts of Interest
Despite not having any relationship with industry or similar, I have a
conflict of interest …..
I AM
RADIALIST¡¡¡
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History of Medicine
Nobel Prize: Physiology/Medicine 1956
Werner Forssmann
(1904-1979)
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Andreas Gruentzig
(1939-1985) AHA, 1976
Sept´77, Zurich
History of Medicine
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History of Coronariography
Radial access appeared very early in the interventional era
(1948, Radner first radial access).
The limitations of the material and equipment (Fr) required a change to
larger arterial vessels (FEMORAL).
Seldinger
Campeau, 1989 radial cath series
Kiemeneij & Laarman performed the first radial PCI, 1993
Due to the low rate of complications in the puncture site and the comfort
of the patient, begins a wave of enthusiasm.
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Femoral Access: Classic
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About 10 -20%
Hematoma
Retroperitoneal hematoma
Pseudoaneurysm
AV Fistulae
Arterial Infection
Complex access..
Femoral Complications
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Radial Access
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Very low risk of bleeding or pseudoaneurysm
No ischemic complications in case of occlusion if the palmar arc is permeable
Very low risk of arteriovenous fistula or nerve damage
Hemostasis is simpler
Save staff time and labor (sheath manipulation and groin monitorization)
Save on costs and complications of vascular closure devices
Radial Access Advantages
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Ideal in selected patients as :
Obesity
Patients who can not lie after procedure Iliofemoral disease
Anticoagulated patients ACS patients: fibrinolysis, clopidogrel, 2b/3aInhibitors
Radial Access Advantages
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Negative Allen´s risk(<10%) ??? spasm (mainly in very tiny arteries)
Difficult guide management (subclavian, brachiocephalic trunk curves….)
Respiratory induced guide deplacement
Femoral area is used anyway if IABP or temporary PM is needed
Radial Access Drawbacks
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6F
7F
8F
†
9F
.070”
.078”
.088”
.098”
5F
.056”
Maximum diameter: Radial
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Simultaneous compression of both arteries, radial and ulnar.
Ask the patient to open and close the hand three times
The palm acquires a pale colour
Then pressure is released from the ulnar artery
If there is adequate collateral circulation, normal color of the palm is recovered in less than 10 seconds
Allen´s Test
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1 2
4
1
Needle: 21 G, guidewire: 0,018”
Radial Sheath 5-6 Fr Heparin30 U/kg Verapamile 2,5 - 5 mg/NTG
More complex puncture
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Radial
Artery
Brachial Artery (distal)
Subclavian Artery
Brachial Artery
(proximal)
Tricks-Learning Curve
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Immediate withdrawal of introducer (regardless of anticoagulation /
antiplatelet).
Grateful Post-procedure
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Grateful Post-procedure
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Pay attention! Complications
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Comparative studies
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Comparative studies
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Prospective observational study (1999-2008, one centre), searching minimum number of cases for optimum clinical benefit
(control: ˃300 cases operators)
Learning Curve (PTCA)
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Learning Curve (PTCA)
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Learning Curve (PTCA)
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To assess whether radial access was superior to femoral access in patients with ACS who undergo coronary angiography with possible intervention.
Multicenter randomized study 1:1 to Radial Vs. Femoral
˃7,000 patients.
Primary outcome: composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or non-coronary artery bypass graft (non-CABG)-related major bleeding at 30 days.
Head to Head comparison !!
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RIVAL Study
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RIVAL Study
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RIVAL Study
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Head to Head comparison !!
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RIFLE Study
Primary endpoint: 30d net adverse clinical events
(NACEs): composite of cardiac death, stroke,
myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization,
& bleeding
J Am Coll Cardiol 2012 (In Press)
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RIFLE Study
↓ Cardiac death
↓ bleeding (minor)CV
↓ anemization
Reduced hospital stay
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Spain
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Comparative studies
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Comparative studies
MORTALITY MACE
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More Comparative studies ¡¡¡
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Long term Comparative studies
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The femoral and radial accesses are two equally valid options.
Operator experience is the deciding factor for choosing one approach or
other. Radial learning curve steeper.
Conclusions
Bleeding complications are lower with transradial access. (at the expense
of failed accesses rate slightly higher -switch).
The hospitalization time was significantly lower with radial access, and the
total procedure time also.
Complex procedures (tortuosity, IABP, CTOs, etc..): Femoral required.
Radial access in patients with STEMI is associated with significant clinical
benefits, in terms of both lower morbidity and cardiac mortality. Thus, it
should become the recommended approach in these patients, provided
adequate operator and center expertise is present.
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