radiation detectors in particular, silicon microstrip detectors by dr. darrel smith
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Radiation Detectors
In particular,Silicon Microstrip
Detectorsby
Dr. Darrel Smith
![Page 2: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Silicon Microstrip Detectors
• Introduction• Charged Particle Detectors• Silicon Microstrip Detectors• Their use in remote sensing
![Page 3: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction• Since the discovery of radioactivity (1890’s), scientists have designed detectors to record and measure the appearance of new particles.
, , and radiation ( +, -)• n radiation (neutrons)• p radiation (protons)
![Page 4: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Detectors• Photographic Film• Emulsions• Bubble Chambers• Wire Chambers• Scintillators• Cerenkov Detectors• Solid-State Detectors
![Page 5: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ionization Radiation
• In the case of searching for charged particles, most of these detectors work on the principle of energy loss, namely dE/dx.
• The Bethe-Bloch equation:
• The slower a particle moves, the more ionization that occurs.
![Page 6: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ionization Radiation
• β = v / c• v velocity of the particle• E energy of the particle• x distance travelled by the particle• c speed of light• z particle charge• e charge of the electron• me rest mass of the electron• n electron density of the target• I mean excitation potential of the target o permittivity of free space
![Page 7: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Bragg Curve
• Stopping Power– Type of particle– Energy of the particle– Properties of the material
![Page 8: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ions Slowing Down
• A typical ion slowing down in material due to the dE/dx energy loss.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 9: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Basic Interactions• Electromagnetic Interactions
– electrons, and photons lose most of their energy through these processes.
• Hadronic Interactions– particles containing quarks, tend to lose a greater fraction of their energy through nuclear interactions.
![Page 10: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electromagnetic Interactions
• Electrons and Photons• A “figure of merit” describing the interaction of electrons in materials is called the radiation length, Xo.
• Energy loss is primarily through bremsstrahlung, and pair production down to 10’s of MeV.
• Below a few 10’s of MeV, the energy loss I primarily through ionization.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 11: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hadronic Interactions
• The figure of merit is called the “nuclear interaction length.”
![Page 12: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Detector Resolutions• Bubble Chamber 10-150 m• Streamer chamber 300 m• Drift Chamber Scintillator50-300
m• Emulsion 1 m• Silicon Strip pitch/(3-7)• Silicon Pixel 2 m
![Page 13: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Early Tests (CERN)
![Page 14: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Early Tests (CERN)
Vertex Reconstruction
Simulation of a topquark decay into a B meson.
![Page 15: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vertex Reconstruction
• Short-lived particles (b-decays)
• Lifetime = 1.54 x 10-12 seconds
• c o = 462 m
• Lo = co
![Page 16: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Vertex Reconstruction
![Page 17: Radiation Detectors In particular, Silicon Microstrip Detectors by Dr. Darrel Smith](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf711a28abf838c7e0a2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Next Generation Detectors
• CCDs in layers• Pixel readout• 3 dimensional reconstruction