RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

AND THE LEGACY OF RECONSTRUCTION.

ANDREW JOHNSON SURVIVES IMPEACHMENT.

BY A VOTE OF 35 TO 19EDMUND ROSS REFUSES TO YIELD

TO POLITICAL PRESSURE.SAVE THE PRINCIPLE OF

“SEPARATION OF POWERS”BUT JOHNSON IS WEAKENED.

U.S. GRANT IS ELECTED IN 1868

CONGRESS BECOME DOMINATENO MORE CONFLICT BETWEEN

PRESIDENT & CONGRESS.JOHNSON RETURNS TO TENN. & 5

YEARS LATER IS ELECTED TO THE SENATE

GRANT IS WAR HERO

NO POLITICAL EXPERIENCESLOGAN: “LET US HAVE PEACE.”DEMOCRATS NOMINATE HORATIO

SEYMOURE “COPPERHEAD” GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK.

ELECTORAL VOTE 214 TO 80

LESSON OF THE ELECTION

REPUBLICANS NEED FREEDMAN’S VOTE MUST PREVENT WHITE VOTING. THE KEY TO CONGRESSIONAL

RECONSTRUCTION IS BLACK SUFFRAGE. REUBLICANS NEED BLACK VOTES TO

CONTROL SOUTHERN STATES.

MORE…

14TH AMENDMENT INDIRECTLY PROMOTES BLACK VOTING

RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1867 REQUIRES BLACK SUFFRAGE AS PREREQUISTE FOR READMISSION TO THE UNION.

MORE...

IRONICALLY SOME NORTHERN STATES DENY BLACKS THE VOTE.

CONGRESS PROPOSES THE 15TH AMENDMENT RATIFIED IN 1870

VOTE CANNOT BE DENIED BASED ON RACE, COLOR,…

GRANT AS PRESIDENT

CABINET WEAK & CORRUPTHAMILTON FISH SEC OF STATE,

SOLE EXCEPTIONGRANT NOT PERSONALLY CORRUPT,

BUT LOOKED OTHER WAY TO PROTECT FRIENDS

SCANDALS

JIM FISK & JAY GOULD – THE ERIE RAILROAD DEAL.

VANDERBILT WANTS CONTROL OF THE ERIE R.R.

“WATERING OF STOCK.”: PRINTED AND SOLD MORE STOCK WITHOUT ADDING ASSETS TO THE RAILROAD

MORE SCANDALS..

FISK & GOULD TRY TO CORNER GOLD MARKET

SEPT 24TH, 1869GRANT PROMISES TO HELP.DROVE GOLD PRICES UP, THEN SOLD

SHORT INVESTIGATION CONCLUDES: “GRANT NOT

CROOK, JUST STUPID.”

SANTA DOMINGO

GRANT WANT TO ANNEX SANTA DOMINGO AS HAVEN FOR BLACKS

SEN. SUMNER BLOCKS PLANGRANT HAS HIM STRIPPED OF

POWER.

WILLIAM MARCY TWEED

POLITICAL “BOSS” OF N.Y. CITYPRINCIPLES: “ADDITION, DIVISION, &

SILENCE.”ROBBED MILLIONS FROM

TAXPAYERS

TWEED VS THOMAS NAST

POLITICAL CARTOONIST N.Y. TIMESTWEED OFFERS $5 MILLION BRIBE.NAST SAYS NO!TWEED FLEES TO SPAINCAPTURED WHEN GUARD

RECOGNIZES HIM FROM NAST CARTOON.

SAM TILDEN CONVICTS TWEED

TWEED GOES TO JAIL TILDEN WIN NATIONAL RECOGNITION BECOMES DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE IN

1876

MORE CORRUPTION

THE CREDIT MOBILIER 1867-1872UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD PHONY

CONSTRUCTION COMPANYGRANTS VICE PRESIDENT IS LINKED

TO CORRUPTIONGRANT PROTECTS HIM

THE WHISKEY RING

GRANT’S SECRETARY ORVILLE BABCOCK INVOLVED.

GRANT PROTECTS HIM.

FOREIGN POLICY PROBLEMS

CUBAN REBELLION 1868THE VIRGINIUS AFFAIRSPANISH EXECUTE AMERICAN GUN

RUNNERSGRANT THREATENS WAR.FISH MAKES DEAL

THE ALABAMA CLAIM

U.S. CLAIMS BRITISH OWE $ FOR DAMAGES DONE BY THE ALABAMA

FISH GET $15.5 MILLIONWE USE THREAT TO ARM IRISH TO

CONVINCE THE BRITISH

ELECTION OF 1872

LIBERAL REPUBLICANS REVOLTNOMINATE HORACE GREELEYPROMISES TO END CORRUPTIONDEMOCRATS ENDORSE GREELEYPROMISES TO “CLOSE THE BLOODY

CHASM.”

MORE….

REPUBLICANS RE-NOMINATE GRANT“WAVE THE BLOODY SHIRT.”ATTACK GREELEY AS “BROWN BREAD

EATER.”DESPITE SCANDALS GRANT WINS 286 TO

66GREELEY IS RUINED AND DIES SHORTLY

AFTER ELECTION

SOUTHERN COUNTER ATTACK

“CARPET BAGGERS”“SCALAWAGS”KKKKNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMILLAGOAL TO RE-ESTABLISH WHITE

SUPREMACY

CONGRESS RESPONDS

THE ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1870 PROTECT BLACK VOTERS FEDERAL SUPERVISION OF SOUTHERN

ELECTIONS SUSPENDS HABEAS CORPUS TO DEAL

WITH THE KLAN IN 1869 THE FREEDMAN’S BUREAU DIES

ELECTION OF 1876

HAYES FOR THE REPUBLICANS TILDEN FOR THE DEMOCRATS IT TAKES 185 ELECTORAL VOTES TO WIN TILDEN HAS 184 AND A CLEAR MAJORITY

IN THE POPULAR VOTE. BUT 4 STATES HAVE DISPUTED BALLOTS

WHAT TO DO?

CONGRESS FORMS THE COMMITTEE OF 15

APPOINTS 7 REPUBLICANSAND 7 DEMOCRATS1 INDEPENDENTCAN NOT FIND AN INDEPENDENT TO

SERVE.

THE COMPROMISE OF 1877

HAYES BECOMES PRESIDENTRECONSTRUCTION ENDSPATRONAGE IS DIVIDED BETWEEN

THE PARTIESFEDERAL TROOPS ARE WITHDRAWNTHE FREEDMEN ARE ABANDONED.

REDEMPTION BEGINS

FIRST GOAL STOP BLACK VOTING. TACTICS: KKK AND PHSICAL INTIMIDATION SHARE CROPING & ECONOMIC

INTIMIDATION POLL TAXES THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSE LITERACY TESTS