HISTORY

• Charles Walton, the Father of RFID• Although Walton did not strictly invent RFID

technology, he was responsible for enormous leaps in the technology in the 1970's.

• The first application was in door locks.

What is RFID? “The Successor to Bar Codes”

• A method of identifying unique items using radio waves.• Other Auto-ID-Technologies:

- Bar Code- Smart Cards- Biometrics (e.g. fingerprint)

• Special Characteristics of Radio Communication:

- No physical contact- No line-of-sight- Imperceptible

Contd..

• The two major components: Readers and Tags.Reader- multiple antennas that are responsible for

sending and receiving the radio waves.The tag, or transponder, is made up of the microchip

that stores the data.

• Works well for collecting multiple pieces of data on items for tracking and counting purposes.

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

• Uses RF (radio frequency)• Three primary frequency bands have been

allocated for RFID use.• Low Frequency (125/134KHz) – LF: Most commonly

used for access control and asset tracking.• High Frequency (13.56 MHz) – HF: Used where

medium data rate and read ranges are required.• Ultra High Frequency (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4

GHz to 2.5 GHz) – UHF: Offers the longest read ranges and high reading speeds.

WHY 13.56MHz??

•RF field at 13.56MHz is not absorbed by water or human tissue

•Since inductive RFID systems are operated in the near field, interference from adjacent systems is lower compared to other systems.

WHAT’s INSIDE

• T r a n s p o n d e r / Ta g

• A n t e n n a

• RF T r a n s c e i v e r/ RF Module

• R e a d e r

HOW IT WORKS?

• The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals (magnetic field) in a relatively short range and receives the data transmitted by the tag.

• An antenna of the reader generates a field that induces voltage in the coil of the tag and supplies the tag with energy (Faraday’s Law)

Contd…

•Data transfer from transponder :-- reader:

•Resonant transponder draws energy from magnetic alternating field.•This can be detected in reader's antenna (voltage drop).

Contd…

• RFID tags:• Active RFID Tags• Passive RFID Tags

• Data Storage:• Read-Only• Read-Write.

• Looping: Open/Closed

data

Applications

The Electronic Product Code

The EPC is a 96-bit number made up of a header and 3 sets of data.There are several iterations of the EPC, depending upon the specific application.

1st header : SSCC or GTIN

2nd header : EPC manager3rd header : Type of product

Real-world scenario

On a typical trip to the grocery store

RFID: Technological challenges

• “Tag contention“

• Read Distances

• Security implications

Other Hindrances

• Primary among these challenges are the cost of an RFID system (particularly the tags)

• Government Regulation• Privacy Issues

The RFID Affect

• Manufacturers by offering the tools to better plan production and respond more quickly to market demand.

• Facilitate automation of inventory counts and speed shipping.

• Streamlining the POS function.• Inventory track/Theft/More experience

Manufacturing companies

• Texas Instruments• Intermec Technologies Corporation• Paxar • Advanced Applied Radio Frequency

Identification (AARFID)• ActiveWave • ActiveRF

Sources

• www.technovelgy.com• http://www.uc-council.org/ean_ucc_system• www.paxar.com• http://www.bauer.uh.edu/rfid• www.rfidjournal.com• www.atkearny.com

• www. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

THANK YOU

Prepared By:Sudip

GuptaPrateek

KatiyarPranav

Mehta