radio frequency identification radio frequency identification

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RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RFID RFID PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED BY: HIMANTIKA HIMANTIKA PG DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE PG DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

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Page 1: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATIONRADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATIONRFIDRFID

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:HIMANTIKAHIMANTIKA

PG DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE PG DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONSAND APPLICATIONS

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTEDAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

Page 2: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Session DescriptionSession Description

It is unlikely that any technology in the automatic It is unlikely that any technology in the automatic identification and data capture industry has been identification and data capture industry has been hyped more than RFID. hyped more than RFID. So what is the truth?So what is the truth?What technologies are best suited for which What technologies are best suited for which technologies? What is the relationship between technologies? What is the relationship between regulations in the United States and in other parts regulations in the United States and in other parts of the world? What is the future of that of the world? What is the future of that regulation? regulation? How to determine which technology is How to determine which technology is best for you by asking yourself three little best for you by asking yourself three little questions: "How far?", "How fast?”, and "How questions: "How far?", "How fast?”, and "How many?"many?" Learn the answers to these and other Learn the answers to these and other questions in this session.questions in this session.

Page 3: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

What is RFID?What is RFID?

RFID is an ADC technology that uses RFID is an ADC technology that uses radioradio--frequency waves to transfer frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, movable item to identify, categorize, track...track...

RFID is fast, reliable, and does not RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the between reader/scanner and the tagged itemtagged item

Page 4: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

What Constitutes an RFID What Constitutes an RFID System?System?

One or more RF tagsOne or more RF tags

Two or more antennasTwo or more antennas

One or more interrogatorsOne or more interrogators

One or more host computersOne or more host computers

Appropriate softwareAppropriate software

Page 5: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

TagInsert

Antenna Reader

Firmware

Customer’sMIS

Host

ApplicationSoftware API

TCP/IP

Power

~

Asset

Asset/Tag

RFID System ComponentsRFID System Components(block diagram)(block diagram)

Page 6: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RESPONSES

COMMANDS

Tag Physical Memory

APPLICATIONRESPONSES

APPLICATION INTERROGATOR RF TAG

APPLICATIONCOMMANDS Command /

ResponseUnit

PHYSICALINTERROGATOR

DATA PROTOCOL PROCESSOR

ISO/IEC 15961 ISO/IEC 18000

Encoder

Logical Memory

AIR

INTERFACE

ISO/IEC 15962 ISO/IEC 15962Annexes

Logical Memory

Map

Note: The Logical Memory Map in the Tag Physical Memory is given by the Tag architecture and the mapping rules in the Tag Driver. All the information in the Logical Memory is represented in

the Logical Memory Map

Decoder

Tag Driverand

Mapping Rules

Application Program

InterfaceA

pplication Program Interface

DEVICECOMMANDS

DEVICERESPONSES

Page 7: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID OperationRFID OperationSequence of CommunicationSequence of Communication

Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues CommandsHost Manages Reader(s) and Issues CommandsReader and tag communicate via RF signalReader and tag communicate via RF signalCarrier signal generated by the reader (upon Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request from the host application)request from the host application)Carrier signal sent out through the antennasCarrier signal sent out through the antennasCarrier signal hits tag(s)Carrier signal hits tag(s)Tag receives and modifies carrier signalTag receives and modifies carrier signal

“sends back” modulated signal (Passive Backscatter “sends back” modulated signal (Passive Backscatter -- FCC FCC and ITU refer to as “field disturbance device”)and ITU refer to as “field disturbance device”)

Antennas receive the modulated signal and send Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to the Readerthem to the ReaderReader decodes the dataReader decodes the data

Results returned to the host applicationResults returned to the host application

Page 8: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID OperationsRFID Operations

Page 9: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

What is RFID? What is RFID? ---- The TagsThe Tags

Tags can be readTags can be read--only or readonly or read--writewriteTag memory can be factory or field Tag memory can be factory or field programmed, programmed, partitionablepartitionable, and optionally , and optionally permanently lockedpermanently lockedBytes left unlocked can beBytes left unlocked can berewritten over more thanrewritten over more than100,000 times100,000 times

Page 10: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Tag ID OnlyTag ID Only

Programmable Programmable Database Pointer Database Pointer

Mission Critical Mission Critical InformationInformation

Portable DatabasePortable Database

•• Read Only (Factory Read Only (Factory Programmed)Programmed)

•• WORM WORM -- Write Once, Write Once, Read Many timesRead Many times

•• Reprogrammable Reprogrammable (Field (Field Programmable)Programmable)

•• Read/Write (InRead/Write (In--Use Use Programmable)Programmable)

RFID System BasicsRFID System Basics

Page 11: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Tags can be attached to Tags can be attached to almost anything:almost anything:

pallets or cases of productpallets or cases of productvehiclesvehiclescompany assets or personnelcompany assets or personnelitems such as apparel, items such as apparel, luggage, laundryluggage, laundrypeople, livestock, or petspeople, livestock, or petshigh value electronics such high value electronics such as computers, TVs, camcordersas computers, TVs, camcorders

What is RFID? What is RFID? ---- The TagsThe Tags

Page 12: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?Basic Types:Basic Types:

ActiveActiveTag transmits radio signalTag transmits radio signalBattery powered memory, radio & Battery powered memory, radio & circuitrycircuitryHigh Read Range (300 feet)High Read Range (300 feet)

PassivePassiveTag reflects radio signal from readerTag reflects radio signal from readerReader poweredReader poweredShorter Read Range (4 inches Shorter Read Range (4 inches -- 15 feet)15 feet)

Page 13: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Variations:Variations:MemoryMemory

Size (16 bits Size (16 bits -- 512 512 kByteskBytes +)+)ReadRead--Only, Read/Write or WORMOnly, Read/Write or WORMType: Type: EEPromEEProm, , AntifuseAntifuse, , FeRamFeRam

Arbitration (AntiArbitration (Anti--collision)collision)Ability to read/write one or Ability to read/write one or many tags at a timemany tags at a time

FrequencyFrequency125KHz 125KHz -- 5.8 GHz5.8 GHz

Physical DimensionsPhysical DimensionsThumbnail to Brick sizes Thumbnail to Brick sizes

Price ($0.50 to $250)Price ($0.50 to $250)

Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?

Page 14: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID System BasicsRFID System Basics

•• How far?How far?

•• How fast?How fast?

•• How many?How many?

•• How much?How much?

•• Attached to and surround by Attached to and surround by what?what?

Page 15: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

What is RFID? What is RFID? ---- The The ReadersReaders

Readers (interrogators) can be at a Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such asfixed point such as

Entrance/exitEntrance/exitPoint of salePoint of saleWarehouseWarehouse

Readers can also be Readers can also be mobile mobile ---- tethered, tethered, handhand--held, or wirelessheld, or wireless

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AdvantagesAdvantagesUses normal CMOS processing Uses normal CMOS processing ——basic and ubiquitous basic and ubiquitous Relative freedom from Relative freedom from regulatory limitationsregulatory limitationsWell suited for applications Well suited for applications requiring reading small requiring reading small amounts of data at slow amounts of data at slow speeds and minimal distancesspeeds and minimal distancesPenetrates materials well Penetrates materials well (water, tissue, wood, aluminum)(water, tissue, wood, aluminum)

<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )

Page 17: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:Does not penetrate or transmit around metals Does not penetrate or transmit around metals (iron, steel)(iron, steel)Handles only small amounts of dataHandles only small amounts of dataSlow read speedsSlow read speedsLarge Antennas Large Antennas ---- compared to higher compared to higher frequenciesfrequenciesMinimal RangeMinimal Range

<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )

Page 18: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:Tag construction: Tag construction:

is thicker (than 13.56 MHz)is thicker (than 13.56 MHz)is more expensive (than 13.56 MHz)is more expensive (than 13.56 MHz)more complex more complex (requires more turns of the induction coil)(requires more turns of the induction coil)

<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )

Page 19: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

13.56 MHz 13.56 MHz

AdvantagesAdvantagesUses normal CMOS processingUses normal CMOS processing----basic and ubiquitous basic and ubiquitous Well suited for applications requiring reading small Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data and minimal distancesamounts of data and minimal distancesPenetrates water/tissue well Penetrates water/tissue well Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of the coil); Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of the coil); lower costs to buildlower costs to buildHigher data rate (than 125 kHzHigher data rate (than 125 kHz----but slower than but slower than higher MHz systems) higher MHz systems) Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz)Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz)Popular Smart Card frequencyPopular Smart Card frequency

Page 20: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesGovernment regulated frequency Government regulated frequency (U.S. and Europe recently harmonized)(U.S. and Europe recently harmonized)Does not penetrate or transmit around metals Does not penetrate or transmit around metals Large Antennas (compared to higher frequencies)Large Antennas (compared to higher frequencies)Larger tag size than higher frequenciesLarger tag size than higher frequenciesTag construction: requires more than one surface Tag construction: requires more than one surface to complete a circuitto complete a circuitReading Range of ≈ 0.7 mReading Range of ≈ 0.7 m

13.56 MHz 13.56 MHz

Page 21: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID Primer…FrequenciesRFID Primer…Frequencies

Electromagnetic FieldElectromagnetic FieldCoupling: Lower Range Coupling: Lower Range

UHFUHF>>300 MHz <3 (<1) GHz 300 MHz <3 (<1) GHz

(862(862--928 MHz ANSI 928 MHz ANSI MH10.8.4, ISO 18185, BMH10.8.4, ISO 18185, B--11 11 & GTAG)& GTAG)

(433.92 MHz ISO 18185)(433.92 MHz ISO 18185)

1000 MHz

Cell Phone

RFID:Toll Roads

DataTerminal

Page 22: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

>300 MHz <1GHz>300 MHz <1GHz

AdvantagesAdvantagesEffective around metals Effective around metals Best available frequency for Best available frequency for distances of >1mdistances of >1mTag size smaller than 13.56 MHz Tag size smaller than 13.56 MHz Smaller antennasSmaller antennasRange: licensed to 20Range: licensed to 20--40' with 40' with reasonable sized tag (stamp to reasonable sized tag (stamp to eraser size). Unlicensed 3eraser size). Unlicensed 3--5 m.5 m.Good nonGood non--lineline--ofof--sight sight communication (except for communication (except for conductive, "conductive, "lossylossy" materials)" materials)High data rate; Large amounts High data rate; Large amounts of dataof dataControlled read zone (through Controlled read zone (through antenna directionality)antenna directionality)

Page 23: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesDoes not penetrate water/tissue Does not penetrate water/tissue Regulatory issues (differences in frequency, Regulatory issues (differences in frequency, channels, power, and duty cycle) channels, power, and duty cycle) Regulatory issues in Europe Regulatory issues in Europe (similar band 869 MHz requires frequency (similar band 869 MHz requires frequency agile chip)agile chip)950 950 -- 956 MHz under study in Japan 956 MHz under study in Japan

>300 MHz <1GHz>300 MHz <1GHz

Page 24: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID Primer…FrequenciesRFID Primer…Frequencies

ElectromagnetiElectromagnetic c

Field Coupling: Field Coupling:

2.45 GHz2.45 GHz

RFID: Item Management

EAS

2.45 GHz

Page 25: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

2.45 GHz2.45 GHzAdvantagesAdvantages

Tag size smaller than inductive or Tag size smaller than inductive or lower range UHF (1"x 1/4") lower range UHF (1"x 1/4") Range: greater range thanRange: greater range thaninductive w/o batteryinductive w/o batteryMore bandwidth than lowerMore bandwidth than lowerrange UHF (more range UHF (more frequencies to hop)frequencies to hop)Smaller antennas than lowerSmaller antennas than lowerrange UHF or inductiverange UHF or inductiveHigh data rateHigh data rate

Page 26: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

AdvantagesAdvantagesGood nonGood non--lineline--ofof--sight communication sight communication (except for conductive, "(except for conductive, "lossylossy" materials)" materials)Can transmit large amounts of data more Can transmit large amounts of data more quickly than lower frequenciesquickly than lower frequenciesControlled read zone Controlled read zone (through antenna directionality)(through antenna directionality)Effective around metals with Effective around metals with tuning/design adaptationstuning/design adaptations

2.45 GHz2.45 GHz

Page 27: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesMore susceptible to electronic noise than lower More susceptible to electronic noise than lower UHF bands, e.g. 433 MHz, 860UHF bands, e.g. 433 MHz, 860--930 MHz930 MHzShared spectrum with other technologiesShared spectrum with other technologies----microwave ovens, RLANS, TV devices, etc.microwave ovens, RLANS, TV devices, etc.Requires nonRequires non--interfering, "good neighbor" interfering, "good neighbor" tactics like FHSStactics like FHSSCompetitive requirement: single chipCompetitive requirement: single chip----highly highly technical; limited number of vendorstechnical; limited number of vendorsRegulatory approvals still "in process"Regulatory approvals still "in process"

2.45 GHz2.45 GHz

Page 28: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

RFID Primer…FrequencyRFID Primer…Frequency>5.8 GHz >5.8 GHz (European Road (European Road

Telematics Frequency)Telematics Frequency)

Advantages:Advantages:Less congested band/less interferenceLess congested band/less interference

DisadvantagesDisadvantages: : Not available in U.S. or many other Not available in U.S. or many other countries (5.9 now in FCC review)countries (5.9 now in FCC review)Must orient antennas carefullyMust orient antennas carefullyRange limited (due to scaling Range limited (due to scaling issues/wavelengths)issues/wavelengths)Chip difficult to buildChip difficult to buildExpensiveExpensive

RFID:European Tolls

300 GHz

Page 29: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Spectrum RegulationSpectrum Regulation

The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a scarce and The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a scarce and shared resource, used nationally and internationally, shared resource, used nationally and internationally, and subject to a wide range of regulatory oversight. and subject to a wide range of regulatory oversight. In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission is a key regulatory body that allocates spectrum use is a key regulatory body that allocates spectrum use and resolves spectrum conflicts. The International and resolves spectrum conflicts. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which plays the same agency of the United Nations which plays the same role internationally.role internationally.

Page 30: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Regulations Regulations -- ITUITU

Page 31: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Regulatory DifferencesRegulatory Differences

Usage of channelUsage of channelPrimary servicePrimary serviceSecondary serviceSecondary service

Cannot interfere with primary serviceCannot interfere with primary serviceCannot claim protection of interference from primary serviceCannot claim protection of interference from primary serviceCan claim protection of interference from other secondary usersCan claim protection of interference from other secondary users

Industrial, Scientific, & Medical (ISM) BandsIndustrial, Scientific, & Medical (ISM) Bands

Narrowband or Spread SpectrumNarrowband or Spread SpectrumPower levelPower levelDuty cycleDuty cycle

Page 32: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

How far, how fast, How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached to how much, how many, attached to whatwhat??

Frequency Regulation Range Data Speed Comments

125-150 kHz Basically unregulated Å 10 cm LowAnimal identificationand factory datacollection systems

13.56 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

< 1m Low tomoderate

Popular frequency forI.C. Cards (SmartCards)

433 MHzNon-specific ShortRange Devices (SRD),Location Systems

1 Š 100 m Moderate Asset tracking for U.S.DoD (Pallets)

860-930 MHz

ISM band (Region 2);increasing use inother regions,differing power levelsand duty cycle

2 Š 5 m Moderate tohigh

EAN.UCC GTAG,MH10.8.4 (RTI),AIAG B-11 (Tires)

2450 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

1 Š 2 m HighIEEE 802.11b,Bluetooth, CT,AIAG B-11

Page 33: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Radio Frequency Identification Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)(RFID)

ApplicationsApplications

Page 34: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications

Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking

Page 35: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications

Limited number items at forklift speeds8’ X 10’ doorwaysElectronic receipt & dispatchWrong destination alertElectronic markingPallet/container item tracking

Page 36: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line

Read / Write OperationsHigher Accuracy than Bar Code

Page 37: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line

Up to 450 fpm60+ items per containerInexpensive tunnelsLonger tunnel more itemsElectronic receiptSortingElectronic marking

Page 38: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Hand Held Application Hand Held Application CategoriesCategories

WirelessBatch

Fixed Station

Page 39: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Application ExamplesApplication Examples

Wireless / Batch

Inventory Management

Material HandlingBy Destination

Material HandlingInspecting / Maintaining

Material HandlingAggregate / De-aggregate

Where is it? What is it?What is inside the box?

Where is it going? Where has it been?Should it be here?

What have I assembled or disassembled?How many do I have? Do I have enough?

Has this been repaired?Is this under warrantee?Has this been inspected?Is this complete? What is the asset’s status or state?

Page 40: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Shipping ValidationShipping Validation

Tote/Box/Unit Level Inventory

Page 41: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Intelligent LabelsIntelligent Labels

Page 42: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

The The HazMatHazMat LabelLabelSHIP TO: SHIP FROM:

COMMANDING OFFICER DDSP SUSQUEHANNA, PA 15230

CHEMICAL SUPPLIER CHEMICAL COMPANY INSTITUTE, WV 23456

TCN:

NSN:

CAGE:

MSDS #:

GTIN:

HCC:

AHRIST DATA:

AWHGEAA$0F00090XX

5310011987585

AWHGE 00098756100013CHEM WT:

ABCDE 10000A1

Page 43: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

HazMatHazMat Smart LabelSmart LabelLow power > long range1024 bit memoryRead/write/lock on 8 bitsAdvanced protocol

Efficient multi-id Lock data permanently12 ms/8 byte read 25ms/byte writeGroup select Broadcast write40 tags/second Anti-collision

Page 44: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Radio Frequency Identification Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)(RFID)StandardsStandards

Page 45: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Movement Vehicle(truck, airplane, ship, train)

Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)AIAG B-15

Container(e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)

Layer 4ISO TC 104 (None)

Unit Load“Pallet”

Unit Load“Pallet”

Layer 3ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANSI MH10.8.1AIAG B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

Layer 2ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANSI MH10.8.1AIAG B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6/EAN Genl Spec

Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg

Layer 1ISO TC 122/WG 7 (22742) ANSI MH10.8.6AIAG B-4 (TBD)EIA 621/624 & IEC TC 91 UCC 1 /EAN Genl Spec

Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item

Layer 0ISO TC 122 (TBD)ANSI MH10.8.7AIAG B-4EIA SP-3497UCC 1 /EAN Genl Spec

The Layers of Logistic Units The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable Media)(Optically Readable Media)

Page 46: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item

Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

TransportUnit

Unit Load“Pallet”

Unit Load“Pallet”

Container(e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)

Movement Vehicle(truck, airplane, ship, train)

Layer 5ISO TC 104ISO TC 204 (ISO 14816)IATAISO TC 8AAR

Layer 4 (433 MHz, 860-930 MHz)ISO 122/104 JWG (ISO 10374)ISO TC 104 (ISO 18185)ISO TC 104 (Beyond 18185)ISO 17363 (122/104 JWG)

Layer 3 (433 MHz, 860-930 MHz)ISO 17364 (122/104 JWG)ANSI MH10.8.4AIAG (TBD)EIA (TBD)EAN.UCC GTAG

Layer 2 (860-930 MHz)ISO 17365 (122/104 JWG)ANSI MH10.8.8AIAG (TBD)TCIF (TBD)

Layer 1 (860-930 MHz) ISO 17366 (122/104 JWG)

Layer 0 (860-930 MHz) ISO 17367 (122/104 JWG)AIAG B-11

The Layers of Logistic Units The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency Identification (Radio Frequency Identification -- RFID)RFID)

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Lads, Dads, & GranddadsLads, Dads, & Granddads

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REFERENCESREFERENCES

K.FINKEN ZEELLOR, RFID hand bookK.FINKEN ZEELLOR, RFID hand bookRAY TAMTRON SOLUTIONSRAY TAMTRON SOLUTIONS

SOME WEBSITES:SOME WEBSITES:www.superrfid.netwww.superrfid.netwww.tamtronsolution.fiwww.tamtronsolution.fiwww.qed.orgwww.qed.orgwww.autoid.orgwww.autoid.org

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Thank You!Thank You!