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7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017 Radioactivity Strong Nuclear Force... Attractions between particles in the nucleus. proton proton proton neutron neutron neutron Heavy nuclei can become unstable if the strong nuclear force cannot overcome the electromagnetic repulsion Radioactivity The Spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei through the emission of particles Henri Becquerel Marie and Pierre Currie Discovered it in 1896 Isolated in 1898 two new radioactive elements Polonium and Radium Governed by the Weak Nuclear force . This is why the nucleus doesn't just explode, but breaks into specific pieces.

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Page 1: Radioactivity - greenall-physics30.wdfiles.comgreenall-physics30.wdfiles.com/.../main:modern-physics/Radioactivity… · 7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017 Ernest Rutherford Named

7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017

RadioactivityStrong Nuclear Force...

Attractions between particles in the nucleus.

proton ­ protonproton ­ neutronneutron ­ neutron

Heavy nuclei can become unstable if the strong nuclear force cannot overcome the electromagnetic repulsion

RadioactivityThe Spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei through the emission of particles

Henri Becquerel

Marie and Pierre Currie

Discovered it in 1896

Isolated in 1898 two new radioactive elements Polonium and Radium

Governed by the Weak Nuclear force. This is why the nucleus doesn't just explode, but breaks into specific pieces. 

Page 2: Radioactivity - greenall-physics30.wdfiles.comgreenall-physics30.wdfiles.com/.../main:modern-physics/Radioactivity… · 7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017 Ernest Rutherford Named

7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017

Ernest Rutherford

Named the three types of radiation

AlphaParticlesαBeta Particles βGamma Rays γ

Particle Description  Charge 

Alphaα 

Helium nucleus (2 protons 2 neutrons)Fast but travel short distancesStopped by aluminum foil 

Beta β 

ElectronsVery High Speed (close to light)Need several mm of aluminum to stop

­ 

Gamma γ Electromagnetic Radiation Various speedsNeeds 2 km of air or 30 cm of lead to stop

Page 3: Radioactivity - greenall-physics30.wdfiles.comgreenall-physics30.wdfiles.com/.../main:modern-physics/Radioactivity… · 7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017 Ernest Rutherford Named

7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017

Charged particles are bent by a magnetic field

Radioactive source

Can measure radioactive particles with:

Photographic FilmCloud chamberBubble ChamberGeiger Counter

Page 4: Radioactivity - greenall-physics30.wdfiles.comgreenall-physics30.wdfiles.com/.../main:modern-physics/Radioactivity… · 7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017 Ernest Rutherford Named

7 Radioactivity.notebook May 29, 2017

Measuring Radioactivity

R = N   t

1 Cu = 3.7 x 1010 Bq