rahul
TRANSCRIPT
LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES
PRATAPGARH ROAD SORAON , ALLAHABAD
MINI PROJECT REPORT ON
AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION
2011-12
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: - SUBMITTED BY:-
Dr. C .P. SINGH RAHUL TRIPATHI
H.O.D E.C 4th YEAR
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION (ROLL NO:-0828331037)
ABSTRACT
In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because the
main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of
water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the
zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of
water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. For this purpose; we use this
automatic plant irrigation system.
In the conventional irrigation system, the farmer has to keep watch on irrigation
timetable, which is different for different crops. The project makes the irrigation automated.
With the use of low cost sensors and the simple circuitry makes this project a low cost product,
which can be bought even by a poor farmer .This project is best suited for places where water is
scares and has to be used in limited quantity. The Project presented here waters your plants
regularly when you are out for vocation. The heart of the project is the IC op amp lm324. This is
safest and no manpower is required. Require smaller water sources, for example, less than half of
the water needed for a sprinkler system. This is very useful to all climatic conditions any it is
economic
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Title of the project : Automatic Plant Irrigation System with water pump
Control based on soil moister condition
Domain : using IC OPAMP LM324
Power Supply : +9V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply
Sensors : Electromagnetic moister sensor
Load : 230 V ac motor
Applications : Roof Gardens, Lawns, Agriculture Lands,
Home Gardens
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Dedicating this Mini Project to the Almighty of God whose abundant grace and murices enabled its successful completion, I would like to express my profound gratitude to all of people who has inspired and motivate me to undertake this Mini Project.
Then I would like to Thanks “Prof (Dr.) A.L.Kundu” & “Mr. Sanjay Gupta”, who gave me such platform for studying in “LDC Institute of Technical Studies, Allahabad”.
I wish to express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department “Dr. C.P.Singh” for providing an opportunity to undertake this Mini Project. Who’s precious guidance, in every difficulty and doubts faced during the implementation of this Mini Project, More ever, showed me the right path to modify my Project and to it give a good shape.
I am deeply indebted to my Project Guide “Mr. P.C.Mishra” for providing me with valuable advice and guidance during the course of Project.
I am specially grateful to “Mr., Avadh Pati”& “Mr. Digvijay Narayan Singh” for their time to time, much needed valuable guidance.
I would also like to thanks to “my entire Teacher” who teach me other subject of Electronics, because of to make any project, knowledge of basic electronics is also essentional.
And finally my heartfelt gratitude is to my “Parents & Friends”, who gave me moral support and encouragement to accomplish task.
Date: November 11, 2011 RAHUL TRIPATHI
Place: Allahabad Electronic & Communication
Semester: 7th
CONTENT
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGE
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING PRINCIPLE
COMPONENT DISCIPTION
APPLICATION
ADVANTGES
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Automatic plant watering systems have proved to be a boon for those, who lack time for
watering plants manually. Read on to know more about the various aspects of automatic plant
watering systems.
Nowadays, there are very few homes which do not have plants, both indoor and outdoor
ones. There are many plant enthusiasts, who keep on buying different varieties and end up with
no time to take care of those plants. One of the main aspects of plant care is watering, which has
to be done regularly for healthy growth of plants. While some people get fed up with manual
watering, others do not have enough time for this task. Automatic watering systems can be of
immense help to such people. You can either make some simple homemade automatic plant
watering systems or purchase the best suited one from the wide range of systems available in the
market. Scroll down for more information about automatic plant watering system.
Automatic Plant Watering System
as you know that by installing an automatic watering system, you can do away with the task of
watering plants manually. There are various types of automatic plant watering systems, which
store water and supply the plants with the required amount of water. These types vary from
simple ones to most sophisticated systems and you have to choose the best suited one for your
plants. There are many types of watering systems, designed for both indoor and outdoor potted
plants as well as flower gardens. In short, such system takes care of the water requirements of
plants and totally eliminates manual watering. However, you have to fill water in some systems,
as and when it requires and set the timer, if the system has any.
Types of Automatic Plant Watering Systems
As mentioned above, these systems range from simple ones to sophisticated ones.
You can even make a watering system from materials used for household purposes. One of the
basic homemade automatic plant watering system can be made with plastic containers. Clean the
containers and make two to three small holes on their bottom. Now, fill the containers with water
and set them in the dirt, next to the plant. If the soil is wet, very little amount of water will be
absorbed and as it get dry, more water will leak out of the container. Now, you know, how to
make automatic plant waterer. This is one of the basic methods, but, you can make different
types of automatic plant watering devices with various other materials. Read more on gardening
accessories.
Even commercial watering systems come in various types. There are stand-alone
systems, which come with pots, water reservoirs, etc. The water reservoirs too, are available in
different designs and patterns. Such systems may or may not have timers. These systems take
care of the water requirements of individual plants. There are multiple plant watering systems,
that can take care of a certain number of plants, simultaneously. These systems constitute water
tanks, pipes that supplies water from the tank to individual plants and drips attached to the end of
each pipe. For a garden, sprinkler and drip systems with timers are available. In some
sophisticated ones, even ground sensors are used, so that watering will be done, whenever, the
ground gets dry. While some of watering system work on battery power, some others use power
from the mains. There are simple ones too, that work under gravity. Each type of plant watering
system has its own features, which have to be understood, before investing on it. Select the one,
which is best suited for your requirement.
Now, you have a basic idea about automatic plant watering systems, which can be very
useful for those, who don't have time to water their plants and also for those are going on a
vacation. Above all, automatic house plant watering systems can be of great help in water
conservation too.
Relevance:
1) Used in the field of agriculture as a new technology.
2) Used in conventional farming areas.
3) Used in the garden system.
Present theory:
The Project presented here waters your plants regularly when you are out for vocation.
The circuit comprises sensor parts built using op-amp IC LM324. Op-amp's are configured here
as a comparator. Two stiff copper wires are inserted in the soil to sense the whether the Soil is
wet or dry.
The Microcontroller was used to control the whole system it monitors the sensors and
when more than two sensors sense the dry condition then the microcontroller will switch on the
motor and it will switch off the motor when all the sensors are in wet. The microcontroller does
the above job it receives the signals from the sensors, and this signals operated under the control
of software which is stored in ROM.
Block diagram
Soil dry – wet
Sensor LM324 Transistor led display Comparator driven circuit
Ref Voltage
water
Ac input RELAY pump
Step Bridge filter regulator power
Down t/f rectifier circuite supplies
To all Sectionns
WORKING
The project presented here waters your plants regularly when you are out for
vocation .the circuit comprises sensor parts built using op-amp LM324. Op-amp is configured
here as a comparator. And electromagnetic moisture sensor is inserted into soil to measure the
moisture level in soil.
Comparator compares the voltage levels from sensor and reference values. If moisture
levels is low than reference value then it produces a dc signal and it passed to transistor, this
transistor send a signal to relay. Relay activates the motor to run and supply water to the plant.
Now moisture level increases than the reference value then comparator gives another
signal to transistor. Then transistor stops the signal flow to the relay. Now relay stops the
electrical motor. This process is continuous to give healthy watering to the plant.
In this way we can control the water flow to a plant.
CERAMIC CAPACITOR (FILTER)
Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier
and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and
load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this
point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.
Capacitor blocks DC (constant) signals. Capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals
Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal processing functions,
specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones,
or both.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant
voltage level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic
components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC
voltages.
As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an
electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project,
power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812
voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers
05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels. The L78xx series of three-terminal positive
regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several
fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications.
These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution
problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting,
thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially
indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver
RECTIFIER OUTPUT
FILTER PURE DC
AC+DC DC
over 1 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices
can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage and currents.
The voltage regulators are
classified into two types.
1. positive
series(7805)
2. Negative series(7905)
5. TRANSISTORS
7805
I/P GND O/P I/P
7905
O/PGND
7805SERIESOutput
voltage
A transistor is a semi conductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic
signals. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current
flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much
more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.
The transistor is the key active component in practically all modern electronics. Many
consider it to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Its importance in today's
society rests on its ability to be mass produced using a highly automated process (semiconductor
device fabrication) that achieves astonishingly low per-transistor costs.
Although several companies each produce over a billion individually packaged (known as
discrete) transistors every year, the vast majority of transistors now are produced in integrated
circuits (often shortened to IC, microchips or simply chips), along with diodes, resistors,
capacitors and other electronic components, to produce complete electronic circuits.
RESISTOR
A resistor is a device which opposes the flow of current. In a circuit offenly it is used to protect the
devices like LED etc,.
LED
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.
A single LED is a low-voltage solid state device and cannot be directly operated on standard AC
current without some circuitry to control the voltage applied and the current flow through the lamp. A
series diode and resistor could be used to control the voltage polarity and to limit the current, but this is
inefficient since most of the applied voltage would be dropped as wasted heat in the resistor. A single
series string of LEDs would minimize dropped-voltage losses, but one LED failure could extinguish the
whole string. Paralleled strings increase reliability by providing redundancy. In practice, three strings or
more are usually used. To be useful for illumination for home or work spaces, a number of LEDs must be
placed close together in a lamp to combine their illuminating effects. This is because individual LEDs
emit only a fraction of the light of traditional light sources. When using the color-mixing method, a
uniform color distribution can be difficult to achieve, while the arrangement of white LEDs is not critical
for color balance. Further, degradation of different LEDs at various times in a color-mixed lamp can lead
to an uneven color output. LED lamps usually consist of clusters of LEDs in a housing with both driver
electronics, a heat sink and optics.
Circuit symbol:
MOISTURE SENSOR
VH400 Soil Moisture Sensor Probes
Our high frequency VH400 series soil moisture sensor probes enable precise low cost
monitoring of soil water content. Because our probe measures the dielectric constant of
the soil using transmission line techniques, it is insensitive to water salinity, and will not
corrode over time as does conductivity based probes. Our probes are small, rugged, and
low power.
Compared to other low cost sensor such as gypsum block
sensors, our probes offer a rapid response time. They can be inserted
and take an accurate reading in under 1 second.
The VH400 consumes more power than the VG400 series sensors
because it operates at a much higher frequency, however, it is much
more sensitive at higher VWC levels, and its curves are more linear.
Probes come standard with a 2 meter cable.
Also see our extremely low power VG400 series soil moisture
sensors.
See our Soil Moisture Sensor Selector, to figure out which probe is
right for your application.
VH400 - Soil Moisture Sensor Probe
Soil Moisture Sensor Probe Applications
Irrigation and sprinkler systems.
Moisture monitoring of bulk foods.
Rain and weather monitoring.
Environmental monitoring.
Water conservation applications.
Fluid level measurements.
Soil Moisture Sensor Probe Features
Extreme low cost with volume pricing.
Not conductivity based.
Insensitive to salinity.
Probe does not corrode over time.
Rugged design for long term use.
Small size.
Consumes less than 600uA for very low power operation.
Precise measurement.
Measures volumetric water content (VWC) or gravimetric water content (GWC).
Patent pending technology.
Output Voltage is proportional to moisture level.
Wide supply voltage range.
Can be buried and is water proof.
Probe is long and slender for wider use, including smaller potted plants.
Specifications
Sensors:
o SS model - Stainless Steel
o MS & HS models - Stainless Steel
o with Epoxy coating
All electronics are sealed in water-proof epoxy
Temperature range:
o Operating - 32° to 150° F
o Storage - 4° to 160° F
Output Format:
o Standard format - 0.5 - 5.0 mA
Power requirements:
o Standard 5.5 - 18 VDC, 10-20 mA (max)
Accuracy:
o 1% Volumetric Soil Moisture
Cable Length: 15 ft.
Connection:
o 3 pin, IP66/IP68 rated environmental connector
Dimensions:
o 3.75" w x 1.5" d x 9.5" l
Weight:
o 1.5 lbs.
Product Advantages
Responds immediately and accurately to changes in soil moisture.
Designed to remain in the soil for the growing season or be installed permanently.
Unit is rugged, easy to use and maintenance-free.
Utilizes TDT technology (Time Domain Transmissometry) which is similar in operating
principle to TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry).
Sensor probes are factory calibrated and can operate in all soils and crops.
Optimizes water use and reduces excessive leaching, saving fertilizer and energy.
Install the Gro-Point sensor in the crop's root zone and read the percentage of soil
moisture on the Gro-Point Display Unit, record it on a Datalogger, or IrriWise Wireless
Radio Crop Monitoring System.
Typical measurement field is 2" in all directions from the outside element.
Sensor Selection Criteria
Gro-Point Sensor 37GP-SS
o Sands with up to 3.0 dS/L salinity
o Silt loam soils up to 1.0 dS/L salinity
Gro-Point Sensor 37GP-HS
o All clay soils (>40% clay particles) regardless of salinity
o Loam soils through clay soil with >2.0 dS/L salinity
Gro-Point Sensors 37GP-MS
o Sands >3.0 dS/L salinity
o Silt loam soils with 1.0 to 3.0 dS/L salinity
o Clay loam soils with up to 2.0 dS/L salinity
RHEOSTAT
A rheostat is an electrical component that has an adjustable resistance. It is a type of
potentiometer that has two terminals instead of three. The two main types of rheostat are the
rotary and slider. The symbol for a rheostat is a resistor symbol with an arrow diagonally across
it. They are used in many different applications, from light dimmers to the motor controllers in
large industrial machines.
How they Work
The basic principle used by rheostats is Ohm's law, which states that current are inversely
proportional to resistance for a given voltage. This means the current decreases as the resistance
increases, or it increases as the resistance decreases. Current enters the rheostat through one of its
terminals, flows through the wire coil and contact, and exits through the other terminal.
Rheostats do not have polarity and operate the same when the terminals are reversed. Three-
terminal potentiometers can be used as rheostats by connecting the unused third terminal to the
contact terminal.
The rheostat is still a common and fundamental electronic component used to control the
flow of current in a circuit. However, it has largely been replaced by the triac, a solid-state
device also known as a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). A triac do not waste as much power as
a rheostat and has better reliability due to the absence of mechanical parts. Rheostats commonly
fail because their contacts become dirty or the coil wire corrodes and breaks.
COMPARATOR(IC OP-AMP LM324)
Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail Output Op Amps.The LMX321/LMX358/LMX324 are
single/dual/quad,low-cost, low-voltage, pin-to-pin compatible upgrades to the
LMV321/LMV358/LMV324 family of general purpose op amps. These devices offer Rail-to-
Rail® outputs and an input common-mode range that extends below ground. These op amps
draw only 105µA of quiescent current per amplifier, operate from a single +2.3V to +7V supply,
and drive resistive loads to within 40mV of either rail. The LMX321/ LMX358/2kΩ LMX324
are unity-gain stable with a 1.3MHz gain-bandwidth product capable of driving capacitive loads
up to 400pF. The combination of low voltage, low cost, and small package size makes these
amplifiers ideal for portable/battery-powered equipment.
Features:
1. Upgrade to LMV321/LMV358/LMV324 Family
2. Single +2.3V to +7V Supply Voltage Range
3. Available in Space-Saving Packages14-Pin TSSOP (LMX324)
4.1.3 MHz Gain-Bandwidth Products
5.105µA Quiescent Current per Amplifier (VCC = +2.7V)
6.No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs
7. No Crossover Distortion
8. Rail-to-Rail Output Swing
9.Input Common-Mode Voltage Range: VEE – 0.2V to VCC – 0.8V
10.Resistive LoadsDrives 2kΩ
Applications:
1. Cellular Phones.
2. Laptops.
3. Low-Power, Low-Voltage Applications.
4. Portable/Battery-Powered Equipment.
5. Cordless Phones.
6. Active Filters.
The OP-AMP is a basic component in the circuits of data acquisition and control. All 8051
based data acquisition board must have used the opAmps in any form, the purpose of use of
OPAMPs in data acquisition system is to interface the sensors and the ADC, the ADC then give
digital data to microcontrollers. Thus Opamp are used in the analog section of the data
acquisition board. Like in this project a furnace is of main concern whose temperature is read, if
the temp is low then set point then heater is switched ON and heater is switched off when
required set point is achieved. Thus we can say that is one of the data acquisition and control
project related to temperature monitoring and control projects based on microcontrollers or
microprocessors.
An operational amplifier IC is a solid-state integrated circuit that uses external feedback to
control its functions. It is one of the most versatile devices in all of electronics. The term ‘op-
amp’ was originally used to describe a chain of high performance dc amplifiers that was used as
a basis for the analog type computers of long ago. The very high gain op-amp IC’s our days uses
external feedback networks to control responses. The op-amp without any external devices is
called ‘open-loop’ mode, referring actually to the so-called ‘ideal’ operational amplifier with
infinite open-loop gain, input resistance, bandwidth and a zero output resistance. However, in
practice no op-amp can meet these ideal characteristics.
The operational amplifier is used in the applications in filter, in wave generation,
mathematical operations, and analog to digital and digital to analog conversions
Offset voltage at the input of an operational amplifier is comprised of two components; these
components are identified in specifying the amplifier as input offset voltage and input bias
current. The input offset voltage is fixed for a particular amplifier, however the contribution due
to input bias current is dependent on the circuit configuration used. For minimum offset voltage
at the amplifier input without circuit adjustment the source resistance for both inputs should be
equal.
The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such
that oscillation does not occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and
feedback network must never exceed 180 degree for any frequency where the gain of the
amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical applications, the phase shift
should not approach 180 degree since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously the
most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero.
DIODE
A Diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts electric current only in one
direction. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current in one direction
(called the forward direction) while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse
direction).
However, diodes can have more complicated behavior than this simple on-off action.
Semiconductor diodes do not begin conducting electricity until a certain threshold voltage is
present in the forward direction (a state in which the diode is said to be forward biased). The
voltage drop across a forward biased diode varies only a little with the current, and is a function
of temperature; this effect can be used as a temperature sensor or voltage reference.
Semiconductor diodes have non-linear electrical characteristics, which can be tailored by
varying the construction of their P-N junction. These are exploited in special purpose diodes that
perform many different functions. For example, diodes are used to regulate voltage (Zenor
diodes), to protect circuits from high voltage surges (Avalanche diodes), to electronically tune
radio and TV receivers (varactor diodes), to generate radio frequency oscillations (tunnel diodes,
Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes), and to produce light (light emitting diodes). Tunnel diodes
exhibit negative resistance, which makes them useful in some types of circuits.
RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a
switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation
between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming
in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone
exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor is
called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a
semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and
sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults;
in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still
called "protective relays".
BASIC DIAGRAM OF INDUCTION RELAY
A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an
iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and
one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the
yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a
spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this
condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open.
Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their function. The relay in
the picture also has a wire connecting the armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the
circuit between the moving contacts on the armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit
board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB.
inductor
When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that
attracts the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or
breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts
was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks
the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched
off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its
relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in
industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage
application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.
ELECTICAL MOTOR
It is used to supply water to plants.
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-
carrying conductors to generate force. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from
mechanical energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo; some electric
motors can also be used as generators, for example, a traction motor on a vehicle may perfom
both tasks. . Electric motors and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.
Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps,
machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by
direct current (e.g., a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle), or by alternating current
from a central electrical distribution grid or inverter. The smallest motors may be found in
electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics
provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are
used for propulsion of ships, pipeline compressors, and water pumps with ratings in the millions
of watts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal
construction, by their application, or by the type of motion they give.
The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an
electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing
efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric
motors on a large scale required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution
networks.
Motor rating is 230V AC, 2KW.
ADVANTAGES
_ Highly sensitive
_ Works according to the soil condition
_ Fit and Forget system
_ Low cost and reliable circuit
_ Complete elimination of manpower
_ Can handle heavy loads up to 7A
_ System can be switched into manual mode whenever required
APPLICATIONS
_ Roof Gardens_ Lawns_ Agriculture Lands_ Home Gardens
CONCLUSION
Even commercial watering systems come in various types. There are stand-alone systems,
which come with pots, water reservoirs, etc. The water reservoirs too, are available in different
designs and patterns. Such systems may or may not have timers. These systems take care of the
water requirements of individual plants. There are multiple plant watering systems that can take
care of a certain number of plants, simultaneously. These systems constitute water tanks, pipes
that supplies water from the tank to individual plants and drips attached to the end of each pipe.
For a garden, sprinkler and drip systems with timers are available. In some sophisticated ones,
even ground sensors are used, so that watering will be done, whenever, the ground gets dry.
While some of watering system works on battery power, some others use power from the mains.
There are simple ones too, that work under gravity. Each type of plant watering system has its
own features, which have to be understood, before investing on it. Select the one, which is best,
suited for your requirement.