Chapter – 1

Direction: Choose the most appropriate preposition

1. The peasant refused to grovel__________ the feet of this master.a. on b. about c. upon d. at e. by2. It is dangerous to intrude _________ the enemy’s camp.a. in b. into c. on d. through e. by3. President Saddam Hussain has lived______the gun all his life.a. with b. for c. by d. on e. through4. The Mother was anxious ______ the safety of her son. a. at b. about c. for d. upon e. with5. A good judge never jumps ______ the conclusion.a. to b. at c. on d. for e. with6. He was killed ______a highway man _______a daggera. by; for b. by; with c. in; for d. with; for7. My uncle was afflicted _______ a serious illness and was almost confined ______ bed ______more than two months.a. by; on; for b. by; on; since c. with; to; ford. to; to; since8. Finding myself short _______ money, I wrote ______ my uncle _______ help.a. of; to; for b. in; to; to c. with; to; for d. to; to; about9. The boys looked_______ the old kite maker _______ the same indifference as they showed ________ the shoemaker.a. to; with; for b. on; in; to c. at; in; to d. at; with; to10.It is a long time _______ I saw my friend who lives ______ his parents ________ the neighbouring town.a. when; at; of b. since; with; in c. when; for; ind. since; for; of11. He was advised to abstain _______ all alcoholic drinks. a. in b. at c. from d. by12.It is not always easy to sympathise ______ an unfortunate man.a. with b. for c. by d. at13. He had to repent _____ what he had done.a. at b. of c. over d. for 14.Take this medicine and you will get rid______ the bad cold.a. from b. over c. at d. of15.My cousin has invested a lot of money _____ farming.a. on b. for c. in d. into16.Give an example pertinent________ the case.a. with b. on c. for d. to17. The candidates were tense_______ expectancy.a. with b. in c. on d. from

18. My voice reverberated ______ the walls of the castle.a. with b. from c. in d. on19. Are not these slums a disgrace _______ the civic authorities.a. for b. to c. towards d. on20.She could not dissociate herself _______ what she said earlier.a. off b. with c. from d. of21. The reward was not commensurate ________ the work done by us.a. for b. on c. with d. order22. Such remarks are certainly derogatory ____ your reputation.a. of b. for c. with d. to23. Our tragic experience in the recent past provides an index ______ the state of lawlessness in this region.a. of b. in c. at d. by24.Pakistan is not enamoured________the bomb of its own sake.a. with b. for c. of d. by25. Very often we do not get what we pine __________a. about b. for c. at d. on26.Your conduct smacks _______recklessness.a. of b. with c. from d. in27.The customer smashed his fist down ________ the table.a. into b. at c. on d. against28. He has suffered heavy losses, yet he was rolling ________ wealth.a. for b. with c. from d. in29.The peasant refused to bow ______ his master.a. on b. about c. upon d. to e. by30. It is dangerous to enter_________the enemy’s camp.a. in b. into c. on d. through e. by31. President Saddam Hussain has been familiar _______a gun all his life.a. with b. for c. by d. on e. through32. The mother was concerned________the safety of her child.a. at b. about c. for d. upon e. with33. A good judge never gropes ______the conclusion.a. to b. at c. on d. for e. with34. In the morning, I simply take a glance _______ the news paper headlines.a. at b. on c. of d. through e. over35. He thought that his father was not happy ______him.a. with b. about c. for d. at e. over36. I was disappointed ______not finding the doctor in his seat.a. on b. from c. at d. over e. in37.Let this be an example _______ the troublemakers.a. for b. about c. against d. to e. with38. There is no exception ____ this rule.a. in b. to c. for d. about e. on

39. Nobody in our group has a genius _______winning friends and in convincing people.a. for b. in c. of d. at40. If you are averse_______ recommending my name, you should not hesitate to admit it.a. about b. for c. to D. against41. I am not obsessed _____such ideas as you are.a. in b. on c. for d. with42. Religious leaders should not delve _______ politics.a. in b. with c. at d. into43. What you say has hardly any bearing ________ the lives of tribal.a. about b. for c. on d. with44. I am ready to say this ________ her face.a. at b. in c. to d. by e. on45. The insects are a great nuisance ________us.a. with b. for c. to d. at e. upon46. She was devoted wife and looked ______ her husband.a. after b. at c. for d. to e. upon47. He dispensed with the services _______his dishonest clerk.a. of b. by c. for d. to e. from48. India is committed ______ a policy of peaceful existence.a. for b. with c. to d. of e. on49. No one can stop a man from doing a thing if he is really keen ____ it.a. in b. at c. for d. on e with50. Sometimes we have to put _________ with irksome or unpleasant situations.a. on b. in c. off d. up e. for

Chapter - 1 ANSWER

1 D 21 C 41 D2 C 22 D 42 D3 C 23 A 43 C4 B 24 C 44 E5 B 25 B 45 B6 B 26 A 46 A7 C 27 D 47 A

8 A 28 D 48 C9 D 29 D 49 D10 B 30 B 50 D11 C 31 A12 A 32 B13 D 33 D14 D 34 A15 C 35 A16 D 36 C17 A 37 D18 B 38 B19 B 39 A20 C 40 C

Chapter – 1

Direction: Choose the most appropriate prepositions

51. I am angry with him ________ his carelessness.a. at b. in c. for d. of e. on52. The rainfall _____ India varies _____place to place and also from year ______year.a. over; with; by b. of; from; after c. in; from; to d. for; with; after e. None of these53. Men have made ships that can sail ___ the sea and fly ____the air.a. along; above b. on; in c. over; into d. upon; throughe. None of these54. The shopkeeper deals _______ grain, but did not deal honestly _______me.a. in; with b. with; by c. with; to d. in; bye. None of these55. There was no agreement ______the great powers _______a treaty to ban nuclear weapons.a. between; about b. among; on c. in; for d. with; about e. None of these56. The problem_____housing_________ India is a complex one.a. about; in b. of; in c. in; of d. for; in e. None of these57. I must hold discussions _______you _______that matter shortly.a. about; in b. with; on c. with; for d. about; fore. None of these58.________the topmost branch of the tree sat a monkey making faces ______us.a. on; at b. on; to c. over; to d. in; for e. None of these59. He is laboring ________a misapprehension, but labouring_____a cause.a. under; for b. in; towards c. by; in d. with; overe. None of these60. I am annoyed ____him _______what he has done to me.a. by;in b. with; against c. at; for d. with; for e. None of these61. You must apologise____him ______the wrong you have done him.a. from; against b. from; on c. to; for d. to; against e. None of these62. Only the blood-stained road was a witness_______his assassination.a. of b. to c. at d. on e. for63. After high tea, he settled himself _______his arm chair.a. on b. in c. over d. at e. into64. Minority aspirations cannot forever be kept in check_______the gun.a. with b. from c. by d. through e. under65. The Indian magpie indulges _______a long flight.

a. in b. with c. on d. at e. over66. Why were the voters disillusioned _______the Congress (I) is the question?a. at b. by c. in d. of e. with67. A steady mind triumphs_________difficulties.a. in b. over c. at d. with68. I do not agree _____you on this point.a. to b. with c. in d. at69. The thunder was accompanied ________at heavy rains.a. with b. by c. up d. through70. I brought him ______with great difficulty.a. about b. in c. round d. up71. He tured_____the proposal without thinking.a. out b. up d. down e. in72. The principal called_______the names of the winners.a. on b. at c. out d. for73. He resembles_______his mother.a. with b. in c. at d. None of these74. We must keep ______something for the rainy day.a. by b. for c. in d. at75.The teacher has no control ________the students.a. on b. over c. with d. at76. Under this heavy load the bridge will give________.a. way b. in c. out d. away77. I have been waiting here for him ________three weeks.a. for b. from c. since d. on78. They quarreled with me ________the division of the booty.a. about b. in c. above d. on79. Good sleep is necessary_____good health.a. of b. for c. at d. from80. I am used_______such hardshipsa. to b. at c. for d. from81. Rita is married ________Bobbya. with b. at c. between d. to82. Let us travel_______night, it will be cool then.a. at b. by c. in d. during83. I was astonished_______the sad news.a. at b. in c. with d. to84. We travelled ________ a boat to reach Dhaka.a. by b. on c. for d. about85. _______the whole. I like the book very much.a. at b. from c. on d. in86. The man robbed me ______ my possessions.a. of b. from c. with d. on87. He was vexed _____Sohan for his behaviour.a. with b. upon c. at d. to

88. Exercise is beneficial _______health.a. towards b. for c. to d. in

89. Ramesh’s mind was attuned _______music.a. at b. to c. with d. on90. Keep clear_________wicked boys.a. of b. from c. out d. with91. Ram is confident______his success.a. of b. for c. about d. towards92. Shyam has no control_______ his temper.a. over b. in c. at d. after93. You must listen_________the question first.a. at b. to c. for d. over94. Peter’s speech pointed_______some of our defects.a. to b. towards c. on d. at95. Your statement is very much similar ______mine.a. to b. of c. about d. on96. The soldiers rebelled ______the king.a. at b. on c. with d. against97. My relations ____Preeti are gooda. to b. on c. with d. against98. Pawan’s story is devoid_______truth.a. from b. to c. of d. through99. I have a distaste ______publicity.a. for b. about c. against d. at100.There is no hindrance_____his going there.a. over b. to c. at d. on

Chapter - 1 ANSWER

61 C 81 D62 B 82 C63 E 83 A64 A 84 A

65 A 85 C66 E 86 A67 B 87 A68 B 88 C69 A 89 B70 D 90 A

51 C 71 C 91 A52 C 72 C 92 A53 B 73 D 93 B54 B 74 C 94 B55 B 75 B 95 A56 B 76 A 96 D57 B 77 A 97 C58 A 78 A 98 C59 A 79 B 99 A60 D 80 A 100 B

Chapter-2

Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there is any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation errors, if any)

1. The teacher/together with his/wife and daughter/were drowned./ No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

2. The taxi was/hired by/the ladies for/its picnic/ No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)3.Having been found guilty/on murder/the accused was/ sentenced to death./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)4.The father as well as/the sons were/mysteriously missing/ from the house./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)5.The issues are/complex and/has been obscured/by other factor./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)6.Neither the size/nor the colour/of the gloves/were right/No error (A) (B) (c) (D) (E)7.It is in 1929/that we first/flew to/the United State./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)8.Hardly had/I left the house/than it began/to rain./ No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)9.A more irrational world/to this one in which/we presently live/ could hardly be (A) (B) (C) (D) conceived./No error (E)10.He hoped to finish/the work in the last week/but in fact/ he could not./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)11.He not only comes there/for swimming/but also for coaching/new swimmers./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)12.He could not cut/the grass today because/ the handle of the machine/ has broken a fewdays ago./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)13.His ability to/talk to strangers/is one of his/stronger points./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

14.My brother said/ that he preferred / the white shirt/than the black one./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)15.She was daughter/of a working farmer/who was one of the/headman of his village./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)16.No king in that period/was so intensely involved/ in the welfare of his people/as king Ashoka./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17.What to talk of charity/ Rajan doer not practice/even/ordinary humanity./No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)18.I have hunted and/shot myself/so I know what/it is like./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19.He only wrote/on one side of/the paper./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 20.The two sisters/struck/one another/at the platform./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21.I am very thirsty/give me/little water/to drink./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22.Everybody was/in the garden/amusing/themselves./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23.If I was you/I would not/attend/the function/no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24.These organizations/work lest/their activities/may be banned./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25.Avinash and his friend/were walking towards/the station when/they met his common friend./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)26.Priyamvada was unhappy/ to hear the news/of her son’s failing/in the final examination./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)27.For expecting the company to pay/for the transport/of the personal furniture of the employee/was not fair./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)28.Aditi was unable /to support her parent/ even though both of them/ had no income of their own./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

29.Tax evaders should/be heavily fined/as they are doing/ it intentionally./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)30.The idea that shook/the whole world was published in one/of the unknown journal./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 31.The information supplied/to us were not as/useful as we first/thought it would be./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)32.The man/appears to have seen/more happier days./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 33.Have you read/this book/farther than I?/no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 34.The production of different kinds of artificial materials/are essential to the (A) (B) conservation of/our natura resources./no error (C ) (D)35.My brother-in-law with his wife/now in Singapore/were present at the function./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 36.She/eagerly wishes/to help me./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 37.The sun is shining good/about/the horizon./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 38.To lead a well-balanced life/you need/to have other interests besides studying./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 39.Nehru was/a great politician/and a great statesman./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 40.The disclosure of the synopsis of / the Thakkar Commission Report/ on the (A) (B) (C) assaissination of Mrs Gandhi has raised several vital question./no error (D)41.Her/knowledge of English are/very limited./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 42.There are so many filths/all around/the place./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 43.Do you realy believe/that she has blamed us / for the accident, especially you and I?/no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) 44.Nobody offered to give up/their seat to the lady/holding her child in her arms./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 45.He labours/hard lest/he may fail./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 46.You have/no/excuse/to be late./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

47.The flowers smell sweetly/and/are/of great value./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)48.His all daughters/are ugly so/they cannot be married./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 49.Two men have/been arrested /by the police who are believed /to be involved in the robbery./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)50.The price/of this car is /higher/than your car. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)51.He suggested/that I should/see him / in his letter./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)52.I am hardly pressed/for time,/I can not /accompany you./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)53.Even so great a poet/ like Shakespeare/has his/faults./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)54.I have great pleasure/move/this resolution/for your consent./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)55.Did not the teacher/instruct you/to revise your answer/ if time was available?/no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)56.No sooner the bell rang/than the teacher/entered the class./no error (A) (B) (C) (D)

57.Wearing a costly suit/and flaunting a foreign accent/does not make/one respectable./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)58.I have pleasure/to certify/that Shamim worked meritoriously / for the last three (A) (B) (C) (D) years in our organization./no error

(E)59.Pappu was happy that Jyoti and/his sister was going/on the same train/next day./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)60.The manager tested/the peon to see / if he could /read English./ no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

CHAPTER - 2

ANSWER

1 D 21 C 41 B2 D 22 D 42 A3 B 23 A 43 C4 B 24 D 44 B5 C 25 D 45 C6 D 26 C 46 D7 A 27 A 47 A8 C 28 B 48 A9 B 29 C 49 C10 A 30 D 50 D11 A 31 B 51 D12 D 32 C 52 A13 D 33 C 53 A14 D 34 B 54 B15 D 35 C 55 A16 A 36 B 56 A17 A 37 A 57 C18 B 38 A 58 C19 A 39 C 59 B20 C 40 A 60 B

Chapter -2

Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there is any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation error, if any)

1.It was difficult/to persuade Subas to agree/to read the book/ to the blind man./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)2.How to solve the problems/is the main concern/of the organizers/at the moment./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)3.Upon arrival/at any place of posting/ I found it greatly different than/what I had imagined./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)4. Neither the speaker/nor his secretary / were informed/ of the cancellation./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)5.When learning to swim/one of the most important things/is to relax./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 6.Each girl/was given a bunch of flowers/which pleased her very much./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 7.He says he/is going to / cut down his smoking./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 8.The Department of Modern Indian Languages/ is running a course in Comparative Literature/for the (A) (B) (C) last fifteen years./no error (D) (E)9.After you will return/from Shimla/I will come and see you./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 10.Had he follow/the directions carefully/he would have felt/better much quicker./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)11.Once he realized/that he has committed a mistake/he admits it/corrects it without delay./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)12.Since we do not accept cheques/you will have to buy/ a draft so that to pay/for you tickets./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)13.The parents scolded the child /for having broke the windows/but their words fell/on deaf ears./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)14.Each cigarette which /a person smokes/does some/harm to him./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)15.He hoped to finish/the work in the last week/but in fact/he could not./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)16.It was apparent to/everyone present that /he would die/if he doesn’t receive timely help./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17.The speech he made/on his visit to our college/concerning our society’s needs/have bothered me (A) (B) (C) (D) greatly./no error (E)18.The driver tried his best/ to avert the accident by/bringing the car/to a suddenly stop./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19.The lecture to be held/in the auditorium tomorrow/was open to the public/ and free of (A) (B) (C) (D) charge./no error (E)20. There appears to be/very little liaison/among the tow of/the various wings of the party./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21.Everyone of the survivors/ of the ill-fated aircraft/have told/the same story./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

22.My neighbour along with his children/are going tonight/ to see the Taj Mahal/at Agra./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23.But for his cousin’s help/he would have been/at the height/of his career./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24.He would not have/written this letter/if he would not have/heard the news./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25.Soon after their child was born/he went off/leaving her/in the lurch./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)26.She was able/to free herself/with her debts/by working very hard./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)27.Hardly had we/settled down for the night’s rest/when we were started by/loud noises outside the house./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)28.No sooner did/the train arrived at the station/than the passengers/rushed towards it./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)29.I have worked/in this office for six years/but I now work/in a different office./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)30.A first European sailor/to come to India/in modern times/was Vasco da Gama./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)31.All we could find/from his neighbours are/that he has/a job in the competition./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)32.None of the rooms/are available/for occupation/at present./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)33.Drawing water from the well/is preferable/than depending on/the erratic tap-water supply./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)34.May I know/whom/you wish/to see now?/no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

35.Sumitra appealed/to the managing committee/that she may be/allowed to join the volunteer (A) (B) (C) (D) force./no error (E)36.Being a short vacation/Vanita had to return/without visiting/many of the places./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)37.An uncle of mine/who is a lawyer/give me a useful advise/when I went to see him there weeks (A) (B) (C) (D) ago./no error (E)38.An old man in the crowd/warned Julius Caesar/from the danger of death/ on a certain day./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)39.If John told me/last Thursday/I will given him the money/but now it is too late./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)40. Never I have listened/to such beautiful music/as the piece we heard on the radio/last (A) (B) (C) (D) night./no error (E)41.It is our duty/to put off our shoes/before entering the sanctum sanctorum of any temple or (A) (B) (C) mosque./no error (D) 42.The only good thing/about these pens/are their color and their size. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 43.My brother-in-laws/who live in Mumbai/ have come to stay with us. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 44.I advised my son/to engage two coolies instead of one/because the luggage was too much (A) (B) (C)

heavy for a single coolie. /no error

(E)45.Raman was one of those great sons of India/who has earned everlasting fame/for scientific (A) (B) (C) researches. /no error (D) 46.No sooner did the thief see the policeman/that he jumped over the wall/and ran away. /no (A) (B) (C) error (D) 47.On entering the room/she was found hanging /from the ceiling. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 48.If I were /in his shoes/I would die with shame. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 49.I am vexed/at him about what/he has done. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 50.He laid for half an hour unconscious/until he was seen/by a passing vehicle. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 51.My friend did not see me/for many years/when I met him last week. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 52.It is incumbent/with all the students/to abide by the college rules. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 53.The bus collided/but nobody was hurt/in the accident. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D)54.By all standards /he is a best soldier /our military school/has produced so far./ /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)55.While going to his office yesterday/Bhola remembered that/he had not taken/one (A) (B) (C) important office file. /no error (D) (E)56.Why you, don’t told him/and/clarify all /pending matters. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)57.He very promptly /withdrew the marks/made by him/on my office note. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

58.No one will deny/the Sarla is one /of the most well-dressed girl/in our office. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)59.He was extremely annoyed /when I reported/the matter to him/and has fired me. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)60.The director, along with/the staff members/were present for/the annual day celebrations. (A) (B) (C) (D) /no error (E)61.If you will/follow my instructions/you will get/a suitable reward for that. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)62.He obtained good marks/not only in English essay/but also in Arithmetic which was/full (A) (B) (C) of complicated calculations. /no error (D) (E)63.As soon as the principal/entered the school/all the students approached him/and report the (A) (B) (C) (D) matter. /no error (E)64.It is raining/very heavily since/last night. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 65.He asked me/when could I finish/the work. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 66.My younger brother and/I am interested/in music. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D)67.If you would try sincerely/you would get /good results certainly. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 68.Does he really believe/that he is more intelligent than all the boys/in the class. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) 69.Hari was unhappy/that he would/not attend the marriage/of his friend yesterday. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)70.Rama could not/go to the picnic/for his mother/was not well. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

71.Sarita was popular/with her classmates that/she always had some or/the other coming to (A) (B) (C) (D) her house. /no error (E)72.The program which/came on television/these days in the evenings/is very interesting/no (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)error73.Prakash was leading/a happy and leisurely life/after his retirement/from service. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)74.`Yavanika’ is one/of the latest/addition to good drama/which appeared in recent times. /no (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)error75.Children visiting the/park are amused/by the monkey/play in the cages. /no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)76.The car flew off the road/and fell into the valley /because Amit/was driving faster. /no (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)error77.Sadhana was the one person/who could somehow manage/to working in the section/for (A) (B) (C) such a long time./ /no error (D) (E)78.In spite of the late hour/and the bad weather/Naveen decided to brave it out/and drink at (A) (B) (C) (D) bar. /no error (E)79.Sooner than he had arrived/his friends arranged a reception/in his honour in /the best hotel (A) (B) (C) (D) in town. /no error (E)80.The number of people/applying were so large/that the college had to /stop issuing (A) (B) (C) (D) application forms. /no error

(E)

CHAPTER - 2Grammar /Part - 2

1 B 21 C 41 B 61 A2 E 22 B 42 C 62 A3 C 23 B 43 A 63 D4 C 24 C 44 C 64 A5 A 25 B 45 B 65 B6 C 26 C 46 B 66 B7 A 27 E 47 B 67 A8 B 28 B 48 C 68 B9 A 29 A 49 B 69 B10 A 30 A 50 A 70 C11 C 31 B 51 A 71 A12 C 32 B 52 B 72 B13 B 33 C 53 A 73 A14 A 34 B 54 B 74 C15 A 35 C 55 A 75 D16 D 36 A 56 A 76 D17 D 37 C 57 A 77 C18 D 38 C 58 C 78 A19 C 39 C 59 D 79 A20 C 40 A 60 C 80 B

Chapter-3

Direction: Which of the words/phrases, A,B,C and D should replace the words/phrases given in italics in each of the following sentences so as to make them most effective and meaningfully correct. If the sentence is correct and needs no change, mark (D) or (E) as your answer.

1.He has said so out of affection, do not take it to heart.a. in heart b. it in the heartc. by the heart d. no improvement2.Sumit would have been looked smart in traditional clothes.a. was looked b. would be lookedc. had looking d. would have lookede. no correction required3.I am sorry, but I don’t believe what you say.a. I will not believe b. I am not believingb. I will not be believing d. No improvement4. Let’s buy a new sari with the annual bonus, can we?a. can’t we b. don’t wec. shall we d. No improvement5.The need of the hour was some fast action on the part of the leadersa. Needed b. needingc. needs d. no correction required6.The teacher asked the intruder who was he and why was he occupying his chair.a. who he was and why he was b. who he was and why was hec. did he return home than d. no improvement7.No sooner he had returned home than his mother felt happy.a. he had returned home than b. had he returned home whenc. did he return home than d. no improvement8.He stayed back so that it can looks as if he was unaware of the entire incident.a. may look b. would lookc. will look d. no improvement9.In the modern world it is difficult to live through one’s ideals.a. to live up to b. to live byc. to live for d. no improvement10.In accordance to your instructions, we have remitted the amount in the bank.a. by b. withc. for d. no improvement11.Young men and women should get habituated to reading and writing about current affairs.a. prepared b. trainedc. used d. no improvement12.He has cooked that meal so often he can do it with his eyes closed.

a. mind blank b. eyes coveredc. hands full d. no improvement13.Because of his mastery in this field, his suggestions are wide accepted.a. are widely accepted b. are side acceptancec. have widely accepted d. have been wide acceptede. no improvement14.I waited for half an hour for my friend, but the didn’t turn in.a. turn about b. turn aroundc. turn up d. no improvement15.None of the guests were introduced to the bride.a. introduced b. was introducedc. have been introduced d. no improvement

16.All the allegations leveled against him were found to be baseless.a. leveled for b. eye withc. eye against d. leveling withe. no correction is required17.He did many mischiefs.a. made many a mischiefs b. made much mischiefc. committed many mischiefs d. no improvement18.I would gladly accompany your sister if you had asked him.a. would have gladly accompanied b. was to have gladly accompaniedc. will gladly accompany d. no improvement19.Is there any place for me to sit?a. space b. roomc. area d. no improvement20.I am used to hard worka. hard working b. work hardc. work hardly d. no improvement21.Try to be diplomatic when you refuse any invitation, so far not to cause bad feelings.a. as far not b. so as notc. if as far not d. since then not22. Old habits die hardly.a. die much hardly b. die hardc. die too hard d. no improvement23.One of the men gave first aid to Hitesh who is injured in a road accident.a. who had injured b. who was injuredc. which was injured d. as he was to injuree. no improvement24.The members of his family are coming in this train.a. with b. byc. on d. no improvement

25.Never has the inadequacy of police been in clearer focus than in the communal violence that flared up recently.a. higher b. strongerc. better d. sharper26.She cut a sad figure in her first performance on the stage.a. made a sorry figure b. cut a sorry facec. cut a sorry figure d. no improvement27.His trousers are three sizes large.a. three sizes too b. three sizec. three sizes over d. no improvement28.There is a shortage of well qualified teachers of most subjects, specially of English and economics.a. especially of b. especially inc. in special of d. no improvement29.Not till he got home he did realize that he had lost his keys in the theatre.a. did he realize b. he did not realizec. he realized d. no improvement30.I complimented him for his success in the examination.a. with b. onc. in d. no improvement

31.What are needed are not large houses but small cottages.a. were b. wasc. is d. no improvement32.she could not help but laugha. laughing b. but laughingc. laugh d. no improvement

33.The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are laid down by the Reserve Bank of India.a. are laid up b. are led downc. are lead up d. have been lay downe. no improvement34.The matter must be considered in every point of view.a. with b. fromc. at d. no improvement35.On seeing the lion she felt too much afraid.a. very much b. excessivelyc. much d. no improvement36.They have stopped from constructing new buildings.a. to construct b. at constructingc. constructing d. no improvement37.Five years ago today, I am sitting in a small Japanese car, driving across Poland towards Berlin.a. was sitting b. have been sitting

c. sat d. no improvement38.Many believed that girls who received western education would make slaves of their husbands.a. could receive b. had receivedc. have received d. no improvement39.She gave most of her time to music.a. devoted b. spentc. lent d. no improvement40.When I was 14, I sat the entrance examination for senior secondary school.a. sat for b. sat inc. sat at d. no improvement41.You ought not to have gone there, but you did.a. be going b. have beenc. go d. no improvement42. Being worked for the whole day, you should have taken some rest and started the work tomorrow.a. after having work b. having worked forc. working for d. after being worked fore. no correction required43.your results depend not only on how much you have studied but how long you have read.a. but also how long b. but also on how longc. but also on how much long d. no improvement44.I am looking forward to see you soon.a. looking forward towards seeing b. looking forward for seeingc. looking forward to seeing d. no improvement45.It was quite clear that the runner could be able to improve upon his own record.a. will be able b. should be ablec. would be able d. no improvement46.He doesn’t hesitate to do whatever his brother does.a. will do b. would doc. shall do d. would donee. no improvement47.The problems of translation are still remain.a. are remain b. will remainedc. will still remain d. no improvement48.One should exercise their right to vote.a. his b. ourc. one’s d. no improvement49.Can you tell me why did you not speak the truth.?a. why did not you speak b. that why did you not speakc. why you did not speak d. why did you not spokee. no improvement50. If the pain is returning, you would better take another pill.

a. has returned b. should returnb. returned d. no improvement

Direction: (51-65) In each of the following questions, five sentences are given which are on the same theme. Decide which sentence is the preferable one with respect to grammar and usage suitable for formal writing in English and mark the number of that sentence on the answer sheet.51.1.Being worked for the whole day, you should have taken some rest

and started the work tomorrow.2.Working for the whole day, you should have taken some rest and started the work tomorrow.3.After being worked for the whole day, you should have taken some rest and started the work tomorrow.4.Having worked for the whole day, you should have taken some rest and started the work tomorrow.5.After having work the whole day, you should have taken some rest and started the work tomorrow.

52. 1.Have you not reached in time, we would have lost our lives.2.If you have not reached in time, we would have lost our lives.3.Had you not reach in time, we would have lost our lives.4.Had you reached in time, we would have lost our lives.5.If you would not have reached in time, we would have lost lives.

53. 1.The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are laid down by the Reserve Bank of India.

2. The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are led down by the Reserve Bank of India.

3. The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions have been lay down by the Reserve Bank of India.

4. The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are lead up by the Reserve Bank of India.

5. The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are laid up by the Reserve Bank of India.54. 1.Your statement that you were through ignorant of the consequences cannot be trusted.

2. Your statement that you were thorough ignorant of the consequences cannot be trusted.

3. Your statement that you were thoroughly ignorant of consequences cannot be trusted.

4. Your statement that you were thorough of ignorance of the consequences cannot be trusted.

5. Your statement that you were thoroughly in ignorance of the consequences cannot be trusted.55. 1.He was extremely unhappy because of inordinately delay.

2. He was extremely unhappy because of the inordinate delay.3. He was extremely unhappy because of the inordinately delay.

4. He was extremely unhappy because of the inordinately delaying.5. He was extremely unhappy because of the inordinate delaying.

56. 1.I am remembering you telling me that you are having two cars.2. I do remember your telling me that you have two cars.3. I do remember your telling me that you were having two cars.4. I am remembering your telling me that you are having two cars.5. I remember your telling me that you are having two cars.

57. 1.A community is like a ship, everyone should be prepared to take the helm.

2. A community is like a ship, as everyone should be prepared to take the helm.

3. A community is like a ship, since everyone should be prepared to take the helm.

4. A community is like a ship, so everyone should be prepared to take the helm.

5. A community is like a ship, hence everyone should be prepared to take the helm.58. 1.My wife and I do not worry about AIDS since we practice monogamy.

2. My wife and I do not worry about AIDS even if we practice monogamy.

3. My wife and I do not worry about AIDS as we practice monogamy.4. My wife and I do not worry about AIDS though we practice

monogamy.5. My wife and I do not worry about AIDS even though we practice

monogamy.59. 1.Such thing does not happen to you and I, isn’t it?

2. Such a thing does not happen to you and me, isn’t it?3. Such things do not happen to you and me, don’t they?4. Such thing do not happen to you and I, do they?5. Such things do not happen to you and me, do they?

60. 1.Had I been older and wiser, I would have not acted on your advise and made a fool of me.2.Had I been older and wiser, I wouldn’t act on your advise and made a fool of me.3. Had I been older and wiser, I would not have acted on your advise and made a fool of me.4. Had I been older and wiser, I would not have acted on your advice and made a fool of myself.5. Had I been older and wiser, I would have not acted on your advice and make a fool of myself.

61. 1.The more they earn, more they spend.2.More they earn, more they spend,3.More they earn, the more they spend4.The more they earn, the more they spend

62. 1.The old man felled some trees in the garden with hardly no effort at all.2. The old man felled some trees in the garden with hard effort at all.3. The old man felled some trees in the garden with hardly any effort at all.4. The old man felled some trees in the garden with a hardly any effort at all.

63. 1.She says she’s already paid me back, but I can’t remember, so I’ll have to take her word.2. She says she’s already paid me back, but I can’t remember, so I’ll have to take her word true.3. She says she’s already paid me back, but I can’t remember, so I’ll have to take her at her word.4. She says she’s already paid me back, but I can’t remember, so I’ll have to take her word for it.

64. 1.The workers are hell bent at getting what is due to them.2. The workers are hell bent on getting what is due to them.3. The workers are hell bent for getting what is due to them.4. The workers are hell bent upon getting what is due to them.

65. 1.While we would like that all Indian children to go to school, we need to ponder why they do not.2. While we would like that all the Indian children to go to school, we need to ponder why they do not.3. While we would like if all Indian children of India to go to school, we need to ponder why they do not.4. While we would like all Indian children to go to school, we need to ponder why they do not.

CHAPTER - 3 Grammar part -1

ANSWER

1 D 21 B 41 D 61 42 D 22 B 42 B 62 33 D 23 B 43 B 63 44 A 24 B 44 C 64 45 D 25 D 45 D 65 46 A 26 C 46 E7 C 27 B 47 C

8 B 28 A 48 C9 B 29 A 49 A10 B 30 B 50 A11 C 31 D 51 412 B 32 A 52 413 A 33 B 53 114 C 34 B 54 315 B 35 A 55 216 E 36 C 56 217 C 37 A 57 418 A 38 B 58 119 B 39 A 59 520 B 40 C 60 4

Chapter – 3Direction: Which of the words/phrases, A,B,C and D, should replace the

words/phrases given in italics in each of the following sentences so as to make them most effective and meaningfully correct. If the sentence is correct and needs no change, mark (D) or (E) as your answer.

1.The greatest thing in style is to have a use of metaphor.a. command b. knowledgec. need d. No improvement2.Nothing but books and magazines pleases her.a. were pleasing b. pleasec. are pleasing d. No improvement3.Why did you not spoken to me earlier?a. did you not spoke b. you did not speakc. did you not speak d. were you not spokene. No improvement4.Any able bodied man is eligible for the job.a. any able-bodied men are b. each able-bodied man isc. any able-bodied men have been d. No improvement5.The fast train came a halt to before crossing the bridge.a. came before to a halt b. came to a halt beforec. came before a halt to d. No improvement6.May I know who did accompany you to the bus station?a. whom did accompany you b. whom you accompanyingc. whom did you accompany d who accompanied youe. No improvement7.On basis this information the Deputy Collector took strong actiona. on basis of b. on the basisc. on the basis of d. No improvement8.The record for the biggest tiger hunt has not been met since 1911 when

Lord Hardinge, then Viceroy of India, shot a tiger that measured eleven feet six and three-fourth inches.

a. bettered b improvedc. broken d. No improvement9.Poor Tom laid in the shade of a tree before he could walk further.a. lied b. lainc. lay d. No improvement10.I can always count on him in times of difficulty.a. count at him b. count on hec. count him on d. count with hime. No correction required11.He is a singer of repute, but his yesterday’s performance was quite

disappointing.a. performances for yesterday were b. yesterday performance wasc. yesterday performances were d. performances about yesterday weree. no correction required12.The courts are actively to safeguard the interests and rights of the poor.

a. are actively to safeguarding b. have been actively safeguardingc. have to active in safeguarding c. are actively in safeguardinge. no correction required13.I gave my niece a children’s very colourfully illustrated encyclo-paedia.a. a very colourfully illustrated children’s encyclopaediab. a child’s very colourfully illustrated encyclopaediac. an illustrated child’s very colourful ecyclopaediad. no improvement14.He asked me where was my book.a. my book was b. my book is c. is my book d. no improvement15.Had I realized how close I was to the edge of the valley, I would not have

carried the bags there.a. had I been realized b. if I would have realizedc. when I realized d. had I realizede. no correction required16.She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.a. relaxing then b. then is relaxingc. relaxing is then d. then relaxese. no correction required17.The chemist hadn’t hardly any of those kind of medicines.a. had hardly any of those kinds b. had hardly not any of those kindsc. had scarcely any of those kind d. had hardly any of those kinde. no correction required18.Because of his ill health, the doctor has advised him not to refrain from

smokinga. to not refrain from b. to resort toc. to refrain from d. to be refrained frome. no correction required19.The Cheeta can run faster than the gazelle; it is the speediest of the two.a. the most speedier b. more speedyc. the speedier d. no improvement20.Often one is hearing reports of explosions in the provinces.a. was hearing b. hearsc. has been heard d. no improvement21.It is better to love and lose than not to have loved at all.a. be loved and lost b. have loved and lostc. have-been loved and lost d. no improvement22.They have not spoken to each other since they quarreled.a. because b. for c. ever since d. no improvement23.The easiest of the thing to do is to ask the address from the postman.a. of the things to do b. among the things to doc. of the thing to be done d. of all the things donee. no correction required24.Hardly does the sun rise when the stars disappeared.

a. have the sun rose b. had the sun risenc. did the sun rose d. the sun rosee. no correction required25.Ramesh is as tall if not, taller than Mahesh.a. not as tall but b. not so tall but asc. as if not d. as tall as, if note. no correction required

Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there is any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation errors, if any.)

26.Surekha was trying for admission /in the engineering college/ even though her parents wanted/

(A) (B) (C) her to take up medicine./No error

(D) (E)27.There is no book/ in English language/which is an interesting/ as this. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)28.There is no other book/in the English language/which is as interesting/as this. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

29.Even after working in the office/for several years/Suresh had/hardly mastered any job at all.

(A) (B) (C) (D) /No error

(E)30.It is a job/where in /neither knowledge nor skill/are needed. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)31.Orders have been placed/so fas as/painting the walls of the /classrooms are concerned//No (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

error32.No decision can be made/unless/firm data is available /to the committee. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)33.There was/a number of conferences/which produced little/of practical value. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)34.There was no play/on the fourth day/of the test match/due to the heavy rain. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

35.Sushma persuaded/her sister/to go with her/on the trip. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)36.Our teacher/often emphasizes on/the need for/a lot of oral practice. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)37.As he was feeling very thirsty/after the long journey,/he went into a bar/and ordered a cold

(A) (B) (C) (D)

drink. /No error (E)

38.He told me that/he couldn’t buy the paintings/which he wanted very much/because he hadn’t

(A) (B) (C) (D) enough money. /No error

(E)39.Neither Mr.Jones/nor Mr.Smith/were able to give me/any advice. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)40.A tallest man/I have ever seen/lives near the village/where I was born. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)41.Although he had worked hard/and was understanding as much about the subject/as I did/he

(A) (B) (C)

failed to get a second class in the examination. /No error (D) (E)

42.If you do not agree/to my request/then I shall be /forced to take drastic measures. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

43.She has told me that her brother might have done much better/at the university last year/ had

(A ) (B) he not given so much time/ to the students Union. /No error

(C) (D) (E)44.He hesitated to accept the post/as he did not think/ that the salary was enough/for a man with a

(A) (B) (C) (D)

family of six. /No error (E)

45.The Headmaster advised the student/who had failed in the examination twice/that not to

(A) (B) (C)

attempt it again/until he had time to prepare for it properly. /No error (D) (E)

46.Even though he was over ninety/he still enjoyed reading novels/and sometimes spend/an

(A) (B) (C) evening at the cinema. /No error

(D) (E)47.Up to the time the last vote was recorded/it was difficult/to decide whether victory lay with the

(A) (B) (C) ruling party/or the opposition. /No error

(D) (E)48.We should always/side with those who/are true and unselfish/and work for others. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

49.I will now deal with him/in a manner different /from the one I have adopted so far. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D)

50. His manners indicate/that he has no other intention/than /to steal his money. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

51.Page after page/of Gita were read/and it gave great consolation/to his mind. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

52.He was unanimously/elected/the General Secretary/of our Association. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)53.Before giving/the mixture /to the child/shake it thoroughly. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)54.The short story/should not exceed/more than/two hundred words. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)55.He looks at everything/from/their/best side. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)56.They appointed/him as a manager/as he is /efficient. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)57.The reason/of his/failure/is due to his intelligence. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)58.The prices of this article/considerably varies/in different/parts of the country. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

59.Mr. Sharma is planning/to settle in Delhi/as soon as /he will retire in April next year. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

60.One should /always/take care/of his health. /No error (A) (B) (C) D) (E)

61.Mary is smarter/than/anybody/in her class. /No error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

62.I lived/in a three-hundred-years/old house/in Bombay. /No error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

63.He is/the strongest and very tall/boy in the /whole college. /No error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

64.I was/born/on the 3rd August/1947 in Bihar. /No error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

65.The Principal/offered me/tea but/I denied it. /No error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

66.John’s salary/is much/larger than/Tom. /No error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

67.Ramesh helped/not only me/but also my brother /when he was in need. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)68.Give me/three thousands/rupees,/please. /No error

(A) (B) (C) ( D) (E)69.More than/two boys/were present/in the class. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)70.More than one/person/have found it/correct. /No error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)71.Only three-fourths/of the work/are complete/and we are left with no time./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)72.The English/defeated/French/in the battle of Waterloo./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)73.The three last chapters/of this/book/are very interesting./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)74.In summer/days are /warm than /nights./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)75.A large number of /houses/are coming up/in our town./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)76.I shall/ring him tomorrow/in the afternoon./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) 77.I enjoyed/during my/stay in/England./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) 78.The clothes/were neatly/hanged/ on the cloth line./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)79.The Major/along with/his soldiers/were killed in the field./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)80.The film show/began/when we arrived/in the hall./no error (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

81.I believe/that respect/is more preferable that/money./no error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

82.I never have/visited/or intend to visit/foreign countries./no error(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

83.In this way nuclear fission/or the splitting/of the atom/have been achieved./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

84.Modern film techniques/are far superior/than that/employed in the past./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)85.No sooner the news appeared in the paper/than/there was a rush/in the counter./no error

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

CHAPTER - 3

ANSWER

Grammar part - 21 A 21 B 41 C 61 B 81 C2 B 22 C 42 C 62 B 82 C3 C 23 A 43 A 63 B 83 D4 B 24 B 44 A 64 C 84 C5 B 25 D 45 C 65 D 85 A6 C 26 C 46 C 66 D7 C 27 A 47 C 67 E8 C 28 B 48 D 68 B9 A 29 A 49 C 69 E10 E 30 D 50 C 70 C11 E 31 D 51 B 71 C12 B 32 C 52 E 72 C13 A 33 A 53 D 73 A14 A 34 D 54 C 74 C15 E 35 C 55 C 75 E16 D 36 C 56 B 76 B17 A 37 C 57 D 77 A18 C 38 C 58 A 78 C19 C 39 C 59 D 79 D20 B 40 A 60 D 80 B

Chapter – 4Fill in the blanks and make the sentence complete1.While on a routine flight, the aircraft was hit by a missile and ……….into flames.a. shot b. burst c. caught d. blew2.Authority………..when it is not supported by the moral purity of its users.a. empowersb. crumbles c. prevails d. waits3.He did not register a …………to the proposal.a. dissent b. disfavour c. divergence d. deviation4.No sooner had he entered the room…………the light went out and everyone started talking loudly.a. but b. than c. if d. and5.When I saw him through the window……………..a. I have run out to open the door b. I ran out to open the doorc. I am running out to open the door d. I should run out to open the door6.I congratulate you,………….your success.a. on b. for c. at d. in7.I prefer seeing the film……………reading.a. than b. to c. over d. as8.The festival is always of a very high order because there are a large number of ………..before any performance.a. practices b. exercise c. rehearsals d. repetitions9.I read ‘Treasure Island’because it was……….by my friend who said it was very exciting.a. recommended b. exhorted c. motivated d. commended

10.His English was roughly…….with my French, so commu-nication was rather difficult.a. in accordance with b. at par c. in time d. in tune11.I could not ………….what he wanted to say.a. make up b. make out c. make in d. make away12.A committee has been set up to……..on the problem of terrorism in this region.a. investigate b. inquire c. research d. report13.We can’t eat this food; it is…………a. rotten b. old c. bad d. rancid14.Keats and Shelley were poets of the same period; they werea. contemporary b. colleague c. associate d. co-writers15.Ramesh has been nominated as the person to settle the dispute between the two warring parties; he is the……..a. judge b. advocate c. arbitrator d. barrister16.He has been winning the election, but this time his popularity is on the………..; he may not win this time.a. rise b. wane c. ascendance d. increasing17.Do not……..him; he has done no harm to any of you.a. accuse b. admire c. discuss d. refer

CHAPTER - 4Sentence completion part - 1

1 B 11 B2 B 12 A/D3 A 13 A4 B 14 A5 B 15 C6 A 16 B7 B 17 A8 C9 A10 B

Chapter-4 Sentence completion/part-21.It was the help he got from his friends which……..him through the tragedy.a. supported b. helped c. parked d.boosted2.Anil got the company car for a .......price as he was the senior most employee in the company.a. discounted b. nominal c. fixed d. reduced3.His ……..of the topic was so good that students had few doubts to raise at the end.a. expositionb. picturisation c. clarity d. exposure4.Beauty is to ugliness as adversity is to……….a. happiness b. prosperityc. misery d. cowardice5.All of us should abide………the laws of our country.a. on b. to c. by d. in6.Everyone in this universe is accountable to God…….actions.a. for b. about c. of d. against7. I never miss a cricket match. I……..fond of cricket since childhood.a. have been b. has been c. will be d. am8.He ordered his servant……….a. if he could bring a glass of water b. that bring a glass of waterc. to bring a glass of water d. that he should bring a glass of water9.Though Bindu is poor……..she is honest.a. still b. nevertheless c. but d. yet10.A determined effort will be needed to restrict the country’s……..social services.a. profligate b. profiteering c. renegade d. variegated e. expensive11.I am not concerned……..him………that business.a. for;with b.with;in c. with;for d. by;in12.He deals…….foreign goods only, but our firm deals……..several leading merchants who trade………a variety……….goods.a. in, in, with, of b.with, with, with , of c. with, in, of, withd. in, with, in, of13.The controversy is likely to create………between the two communities.a. amity b. bitterness c. doubt d. revenge14.She is much too……….to have anything to do with that obnoxious affair.a. happy b. hasty c. noble d. proud15.His…….in his family’s position is great but he does not boast about it.a. deceit b. presumption c. pride d. status16.My finger is still………where I caught it in the door yesterday.a. bruised b. injured c. sore d. wounded17.Non-violence is the law of saints as violence is the law of the …………a. brute ` b. coward c. haughty d. ignorant18.We felt as if the ground were…….beneath our feet.a. bursting b. sinking c. slipping d. smashing

19.The task seemed impossible but somehow he………..very skillfully in the end.a. pulled it off b. pulled it away c. pulled it out d. pulled it up20.The enemy paid a large sum as……….a. compensation b. punishment c. redress d. amends e. restitution21.The unruly behaviour of the soldiers……their commander.a. incensed aggrieved c. impeached d. tempered e. clashed22.Jayanth was so good at mathematics that his friends considered him to be a………….a. profligate b. prodigy c. prodigal d. primeval e.protocular23.When Raju heard the new of his selection to the college team he felt………….a. effervescent b. enamoured c. elated d. embittered

e. exasperated24.A son who is unable to look his father in the face is………a. timid b. guilty c. arrogant d. ashamed25.He said that there was no going back because his decision was…….a. peremptory b. premeditated c. parsimonious d. palatable26.Progress in government, science, art, literature, philosophy and religion………great civilizations form mere group of communities.a. extol b. describe c. distinguish d. relinquish27.Since there was adequate grazing are for the herds, the land was……….populated.a. disproportionately b. sparsely c. inadequately d. rustically28.The new owners of the paper changed the ……..completely.a. outlay b. layout c. outlet d. outlook29.This legend has been……..from father to son.a. handed in b. handed out c. handed over d. handed down30.Many young men were……..at street corners for the coffee bar to open.a. hanging about b. hanging on c. hanging togetherd. hanging back

e. hanging out31.Whenever he refers to his favourites he is voluble, but when he talks of his adversaries he is……a. aggressive b. bitter c. rough d. miserly e. reticent32.If a man keeps his fingers crossed, he……….a. hopes for the best b. suspects everybody c. demonstrates peevishnessd. welcomes every danger e. prays for good health33.Although I had pledged not to tell anyone of the previous evening’s trauma, the compulsive urge to unburden myself became…………a. overwhelming b. irresistible c. impassive `d. preponderous

e. indomitable34.The accused was released on……….pending hearing of his case.

a. bale b. bailc. bond d. deposit35.I decided to sell a piece of land when I was offered a more……..price.a. exact b. correct c. trued. realistic36.You will have to catch the morning flight, so you…….better get ready.a. may b. had c. should d. would37. His persuasive tone was able to tackle the boy whom other professors had found……….a. peripatetic b. dissolute c. tenacious d. squeamish e. obdurate38. Through a ……….circumstance, they unexpectedly found themselves on the same bus with Uncle Morris.a. fortuitous b. elusive c. referentiald. lambent e. friable39.We had a wonderful view of the bay through the………a. zenith b. nadir c. vicinity d. proximity e. window40.Lalita failed in the examination because none of her answers was…….to the questions asked.a. referentialb. revealing c. pertinent d. allusive e. impeccable41.The ……….man treated everyone in a ……..manner.a. superficial, thorough b. defiant, belligerent c. supercilious, depreciatoryd. corrupt, ubiquitous e. suspicious, ingenuous42. We never believed that he would resort to……..in order to achieve his end; we always regarded him as an honest man.a. subterfuge b. logic c. diplomacy d. charm e. cunning.43.His monotonous voice acted like……..and his audience was soon asleep.a. a sedative b. an anaesthetic c. an emetic d. a purgative e. a cathartic44.In the ………areas of the rail-road terminal thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.a. commodious b. accomodious c. capriciousd. extensive e. capacious

45.A legislation was passed to punish brokers who………their clients’ funds.a. devastate b. devour c. embezzle d. defalcate e. dawdled46.Modern architecture has discarded the………trimming on buildings and emphasizes simplicity of line.a. gaudy b. gaunt c. flabbergasting d. flamboyant e. flagrant47.In the twentieth century, physicists have made their greatest discoveries about the characteristics of……….objects like the atom and its parts.a. infinitesimal b. infinite c. microscopic d. kaleidoscopic

e. intangible48.His moral decadence was marked by his……..from the ways of integrity and honesty.a. declivity b. obsession c. opprobrium d. departure

Sentence completion part - 2

1 B 21 A 41 B2 B 22 B 42 A3 A 23 C 43 A4 B 24 A 44 A5 C 25 A 45 C6 A 26 C 46 A7 A 27 B 47 C8 C 28 B 48 D9 D 29 D10 E 30 A11 B 31 E12 D 32 A13 B 33 B14 C 34 B15 D 35 D16 A 36 C17 A 37 E18 C 38 A19 C 39 E20 A 40 C

Chapter-41. Even when Mohan’s reputation was in………almost everyone was

willing to admit that he had genius.a. peregrination b. accumulation eclipse d. rebuttal failure2. Patriotism like so many other objects of this imperfect world, is a ……..web of good and evil.a. complicated b. intricate c. entrapped d. entangled e. tangled3.The Indian princess and rulers seldom thought in terms of the country as a whole and…………their time and every in……..warfare.a. exhausted, common b. dissipated, mutual c. depreciated, expensived. desiccated, isolationist e. wasted, reciprocal4. In his attempt to……….the condition of poor people in the slums, he found that he needed the aid of wealth.a. delineate b. assay c. evaluate d. ameliorate e. extricate5. You should…..this paragraph in order to make the essay more………a. enlarge, poignant b. revise, abstruse c. delete; succinetd. excise, expasive e. expunge; witty6.He ………sometimes force himself to work on till late in the night only to find himself unable to do anything the next day.a. could b. used to c. would d. would be e. should7.They have some difficulty………all the employees, especially the smaller ones, to confirm…….the adopted scale of wages.a. to get, with b. getting, toc. in getting, upon d. to getting, over e. to be getting, upto8.Fate smiled………him in all his ventures.a. at b. with c. on d. above e. over9.The event came……….as he had predicted it.a. by b. about c. off d. up e. on10.So many servants attended……..him during his illness.a. at b. upon c. on d.with`` e. about11.He congratulated his friend……….the latter’s success.a. about b. for c. on d. against e. with12…………the event of his resigning his job, his family would starve.a. at b. on c. within d. in e. about13.In the world of today, material values take precedence…….spiritual values.a. at b. on c. over d. about e. with14.His answer was such……..I expected him to give.a. that b. which c. as d. like which e. who15. Idleness squanders what………in a previous generation has won.a. laziness b. indolence c. resourcefulness d. industry e. work16.That charming girl was the……….of all eyes.a. target b. aimc. cynosure d. doggerel e. ambition

17.Any political leader who allows nepotism to flourish should be subject, to…………a. autopsy b. stringency c. stricture d. punishment e. condemnation18.His attitude to his boss was……..and caused a good deal of repulsion.a. refulgent b. arrogant c. hybrid d. sycopnantic e. aggressive19.His ……..way of life seemed inconsistent whth his professions of virtue.a. equable b. tremulous c. squeamish d. compromising e. dissolute20.The influence of the environment on man is revealed by an………sudy.a. anthropological b. ecologicalc. epigraphic d. numismatic e. ecumenical21.She had a terrible night caused by an…..during her sleep.a. incubus b. debility c. obsession d. delusion e. hypochondria22.The appropriate word used for marriage between people of different races is………a. scurrility b. miscegenation c. reverberation d. embolism e. non sequitur23.India, for the present, is deeply……..in economic difficulties, but the Government has taken a pledge to set everything right within five years.a. saturated b. engrossed c. swamped d. vexed e. ruined24.Knowledge is like a deep well fed by……springs, and your mind is the little bucket that you drop in it.a. immortal b. inexhaustible c. eternal d. perennial e. sterling25.True health and true success go together for they are inseparably………in the thought realm.a. tied up b. bound up c. interwined d. inter-related e. interspersed26.I do not think you will gain anything by insulting and ……..the man you do not agree with.a. defaming b. depicting c. charging d. revamping e. enervating.27.The Indian have discovered a way to boost the yield per acre of different……..of wheat.a. agronomists; varieties b. economists, kinds c. anthropologists, sortsd. phrenologists, layers e. agroanalysts, vistas28.The opposition parties allege that prices of essential commodities are……..like a runaway balloon.a. flying b. reviving c. leaping d. soaring e. shooting29.Success in great ventures calls for ……..concentration and strong personal.a. sterling, attachment b. standing, participation c. continued, apathyd. unflagging, involvement e. hectic, interest30.The admiration some leaders earn is……..by their……instinct for hitting the frontlines in newspapers.a. developed, uncanny b. generated, feeble c. engendered, unerringd. evolved, aggressive e. concended; provocative

31.With the realization, we have found ourselves left with……..moral values and little ethical……..a. extreme, judgement b. fundamental, scruples c. incidental, standardsd. obsolete, direction e. stereotyped, perspective32.Diplomacy is the best means of ………peace which a society of sovereign nations has to offer, but especially under the conditions of ………world politics and of contemporary war, it is not good enough.a. maintaining, today’s b. presenting, contemporary c retaining, presentd. promoting, modern e. evolving, self-centered33.For nations conscious of the ……..of modern war, peace must be the goal of their foreign policies.a. perils b. incidence c. prudence d. redundancies e. potentialities34.Nothing is so……..to a nation as an extreme of self-partiality, and the total want of ……..of what others will naturally hope or fear.a. repugnant, senseb. delusionary, methodly c. fatal, considerationd. unethical, discretion e. detrimental, concern35.Charles Lam’s prose is richly……..with literary ornaments like similes, metaphors, alliterations, transferred epithets, etc.a. embalmedb. saturated c. embellished d. embroidered e. embroiled36.These were reduced to skeletons for they had long been…..for food.a. impingingb. snarling c. craving d. longing e. famishing37.Even more than beauty, youth attracts me and with………appeal.a. an ineluctable b. an irresistible c. an incomprehensibled. a delectable e. a sententious38.It was through the Second World War that Russia……..herself increased……….in power and wealth and prestige.a. saw, abundantly b. noticed, gullibly c. witnessed, prodigiously39.Sometimes it is necessary for an anthor to know what is going on in the minds of his characters. This is called ……….. a. omnipresence b. omniscience c. omnipotence

d. truculencee. introversion40.The speaker painted a ……….picture of hunger in parts of India.a. chimerical b. passionate c. parisimonious d poignant41.Some parents make their commands so………that they antagonize their children.a. perfunctory b. peremptory c. acrimonious d. spasmodic

e. sporadic42.Discontened wives, dejected lovers, frustrated politicians, all these tend to be……..a. specious b. abstemious c. euphemistic d. persiglagus e. querulous43.

a. quis separabit b. resangustadomi c. respice fmem d. non-seqitue. Pour pendreconge44……….is a person who dabbles in art and letters.a. dilettante b. connoisseur c. philistine d. chauviniste. epicurean45.The assassination of the Archduke was followed by……..throughout the whole European continent.a. repercussions b. concatenations c. reprisals d. consternationse. enervations46.A great literary or artistic work is known as a ………..a. pot-pourri b. par excellence c. bete noire d. peccadilloe. magnum opus47.The person who is looking for sympathy talks……..a. glibly b. didactically c. ominously d. plaintively e. disparagingly48.As the market becomes…………competitive, some companies will make larger and larger profits.a. well b. good c. more d. fully e. mainly49.The government should provide attractive tax…………to create the market of quality goodsa. revenues b. structures c. resources d. incentivese. controls50.The salaries and perks of the employees were not in………with their status in this industry.a. value b. conformity c. accordance d. capacity e. possession51.She is so ………..that she easily catches cold.a. sensible b. sincere c. sensitive d. sober52.The accused……….having made any statement.a. refused b. denied c. rejected d. declaimed53.The scientist made a ………discoverery for which he was honoured.a. sentimental b. sensational c. sensuous d. sensual54.The industrial workers……..a fair………for their work.a. request, price b. sought, salary c. demanded, waged. asked, pay55……….diseases spread like wild………a. contagious, flames b. contagious, fire c. fatal, wind d. minor, breeze56.We decided to take the shortest………..to our………a. route, destination b. root, house c. route, residence d. distance, place57.It is our………..to……….the elders.a. object, defy b. duty, respect c. aim, degrade d. hope, disappoint58.He ………..his fault and was………..

a. agreed, excused b. refused, freed c. denied, sentenced d. confessed, pardoned59.No sooner did he ……….me……he tried to run away.a. notice, when b. see, than c. watch, that d. observe, soon60.I ………him because of his………a. love, impertinence b. hate, rudeness c. admire, hypocrisy d. detest, generosity61.The security forces fired at the ………….who was armed to the……..a. dacoit, teeth b. criminal, toe c. thief, head d. culprit, nail62.During the ……..many buildings were……..to the grounda. riots, collapsed b. disturbances, brought c. fire, razed d. floods, razed63.Weather………, I shall………the office.a. allowing, reach b. permitting, attend c. granting, manage d. favourable, visit64.But for his……….. I would not have……..a. advice, lost b. suggestion, won c. assistance, failed d. help, succeeded65. Not to………of milk, even……….was not there.a. talk, bread b. mention, rice c. speak, water d. discuss, tea66.If I…………a doctor, I would. …….you free.a. am, see b. were treat c. was, examine d. be, advise67.You will……….in business if you get him out of your……a. prosper, presence b. succeed, way c. fail, path d. lose, sight68.Many tourists to India visit the beautiful………..of Kashmir……..in spring and summer.a. scencery, generally b. town, frequentlyc. lakes, rarely d. valley, especially69.Only………people are ………..after death.a. brave, forgotten b. vicious, admiredc. virtual, known d. virtuous, remembered70.Prices keep on going………these days, and never move…………a. up, downward b. up, underneath c. high, low d. above, below

Sentence completion part - 3

1 C 21 C 41 B 61 B2 E 22 E 42 E 62 C3 E 23 C 43 B 63 B4 D 24 D 44 A 64 D5 C 25 C 45 A 65 C

6 C 26 A 46 E 66 B7 B 27 A 47 D 67 B8 C 28 D 48 C 68 D9 B 29 D 49 B 69 D10 C 30 A 50 B 70 A11 C 31 A 51 C12 D 32 A 52 B13 C 33 E 53 B14 C 34 C 54 C15 D 35 C 55 B16 C 36 E 56 C17 E 37 B 57 B18 D 38 C 58 D19 E 39 B 59 B20 B 40 D 60 B

Chapter-5Fill the blanks and make sentence complete1. He is too……..to be deceived easilya. strong b. modern c. kind d. honest e. intelligent2. Ravi’s behaviour is worthy of……….by all the youngsters.a. trail b. emulation c. following d. exploration e. experiment3. The speaker did not properly use the time as he went on ………on

one point alone.a. dilating b. devoting c. deliberation d. diluting e. distributing4. The principal and staff have made………efforts to enable the students

to attend college on the days of the bus strike.a. integrated b. deliberate c. concerted d. systematic5. It was ………that a mind so pure and searching could miss the truth.a. likely b. unlikely c. possible d. scarcely6. The ………is working on wood.a. artifactb. artistic c. artist d. artisan7. If an indelible ink is used, this will not be……….a. observed b. obligated c. obliterated d. obviated8. He ……….that he could speak five languages.a. challenged b. boasted c. submitted d. suggested9. It is indeed………that 40 years after independence, we have failed

to………a suitable education or examination system.a. bad, produce b. improper, createc. sad, evolve d. objectionable, present10.The boy you met yesterday is in class…………..a. ninth b. the ninth c. nine d. the nine11.The children were disappointed because they had hoped ………with

us.a. to have gone b. to go c. would have gone12.He is the friend ………I trust most.a. him b. whom c. which d. who13.The meeting was presided…………by the Prime Minister.a. on b. upon c. up d. over14.He…………..his camera on the railway.a. laid b. lay c. lain15.The doctor tried both pencillin and sulphamilamide; the pencillin

proved to be the ………effective drug.a. very b. more c. most16.The soldiers were instructed to ………restraint and handle the

situation peacefully.a. exercise b. control c. prevent d. enforce e. remain17.My friend took his first pay to the bank to………..it in his account.

a. depositb. deficit c. debit d. demote18.Family planning is essential for curbing the rapid………in population.a. spread b. increase c. spurt d. augment19.The ties that bind a family together are………that they can hardly

withstand any strain.a. tenacious b. twisted c. tenuous d. tentative20.The stenographer is very efficient. He is …….to his firm.a. a credit b. a blessing c. an asset d. a boon21.The young man lost his way in the forest and found that he had

become a/an………to the dacoits.

a. enemy b. adversary c. decoy d. quarry22.He sold property because he was under a lot of………a. account b. debt c. loan d. credit23.He was an ……….who was fond of weird pets.a. ambitious b. amiable c. eccentric d. emotional24.He bought new shoes last month but they are already………out.a. given b. gone c. knocked d. worn25.He knew everything better than anybody else, and it was an affront to

his………vanity that you should disagree with him.a. overwrought b. overwhelming c. overweening d. overstrung26.The Government is confident that the standard of living will begin

to……….again soon.a. revive b. lift c. flourish d. rise27.The communalists represent the…….of everything noble we have

inherited from our culture and history.a. antagonism b. immorality c. antiodote d. antithesis28.The bureaucrat was………for his role in the scam.a. reinstated b. criticized c. indicted d. indited.29.The transfer of territories could not take place because one

state………..the findings of the Commission.a. objected b. questioned c. rejected d. disputed30.The mounting pressure was so overwhelming that he ultimately

…………to her wish.a. agreed in b. cowed in c. gave in d. yielded in

CHAPTER - 5Sentence completion part 1

1 E 11 B 21 D2 B 12 B 22 B3 A 13 D 23 C4 C 14 A 24 D

5 B 15 B 25 C6 D 16 A 26 D7 C 17 A 27 D8 B 18 B 28 C9 C 19 C 29 D10 C 20 C 30 C

Chapter-5Fill the blanks and make sentence complete1. Joseph introduced me ………his mother as the best batsman.a. to b. by c. with d. of2. She ………in the crowd because of her height and flaming red hair.a. stood by b. stood off c. stood up d. stood our3. History records 17 incursions of Sultan Mahmood………India.a. againstb. intoc. upon d. on4. He is being considered………senior managerial position.a. of b. to c. for d. towards e. by5. It should be the aim of every educated Indian to see that as……..as

possible people become literate.a. few `b. most c. many d. much6. He……..for their company since1972.a. is working b. had worked c. worked d. had been working7. Washing machines………popular in India in the last ten years or so.a. became b. are become c. have become d. are becoming8. He succeeded in getting possession………his land after a long court

case.a. for b. to c. of d. with e. against9. Prabha’s ……….in athletics yielded rich………..as she got a

scholarship.a. performance, money b. defeat, results c. behavior, appreciationd. excellence, dividends e. failure, disappointment10.In a changing and …………unstructured business environment,

creativity and innovation are being………demanded of executives.a. excessively, rapidlyb. highly, extremelyb. increasingly, moderately d. progressively, increasingly11.In……….of international matters, there is always an element of risk

in ……..one might do.a. view, whichever b. many, doing c. defense, wrong d. case, whatever e. spite, whatever12.Moreover, a fact-finding mission………….by BSN to India in

January this year strongly recommended that the French group should do it alone, and not hand over……..to an Indian partner.

a. constituted, authority b. organized, papersc. dispatched, control d. sponsored, power13.Many women in the developing countries experience a cycle of poor

health that………before they are born and persist through adulthood passing from generation to generation.

a. derivesb. establishes c. begins d. originates14.He did not have the ……idea of the villagers’ problems.a. smallest b. finest c. faintest d. feeblest15.Everyone should……..himself against illness since medical care has

now become expensive.

a. vaccinate b. insure c. brace d. ensure` e. inoculate16.These essays are intellectually…….and represent various levels of

complexity.a. revealing b. modern c. superior d. demanding e. persistent17.His interest in the study of human behaviour is indeed very……….a. strong b. large c. broad d. vast e. deep18.I will be leaving for Delhi tonight and………to return by this

weekend.a. waiting b. plan c. going d. likely e. making19.You need……..shoes for walking in the hills.a. good b. comfortable c. satisfactory d. sturdy20.Authority………when it is not supported by the moral purity of its

user.a. waits b. crumbles c. empowersd. prevails21.Though they did not speak to each other much, there was

a……..understanding between them.a. placid b. contractual c. tacit d. verbal22.Walking at three o’clock, I heard the …….of thunder.a. clank b. crackle c. rumble d. ripple23.If something is beyond the ……..of human knowledge man can know

nothing about it.a. edge b. view c. end d. boundary24.He ………in wearing the old fashioned coat in spite of his wife’s

disapproval.a. resists b. desists c. persists d. insists25.The Education Minister emphasized the need to discover and

……….each student’s ………talents.a. enlarge, dormant b. belittle, concealed c. suppress, potentiald. flourish, hidden e. develop, intrinsic26.He is usually………, but today he appears rather………..a. strict, unwell b. tense, restless, c. quiet, calmd. happy, humorous e. calm, disturbed27.He is so………..that everyone is always………to help him in his

work.a. helpful, reluctant b. aloof, cooperative c. admant, enthusiasticd. miserly, ignorant e. magnanimous, eager28.……….is a criminal……..in England and covers cases where

offensive descriptions of Christianity are published.a. Nepotism, act b. Sacrilege, violence c. Blasphemy, offenced. Obscenity e. Impiety, transgression29.Priya is not …….for this kind of a job.a. cut in b. cut up c. cut through d. cut out

30.The lawyer was threatened………..dire consequences.a. from b. by c. with d. of31.It was very difficult to dig as the ground was very……………a. thin b. softc. rigid d. hardest e. hard32.Would you………..giving your book to me?a. desires b. mind c. all d. observe e. thought33.His ……..speech has seriously………..the young minds.a. audacious, delighted b. maiden, flattered c. humorous, damagedd. irresponsible, misled e. eccentric, questioned.34.On………of the enquiry, if it is found that the……….are true, the

enquiry officer will report the matter to the higher authority.a. demand, finding b. completion, allegations c. instituting, chargesd. withdrawal, inferences e. establishment, results35.Shoppers used to surly clerks behind retail counters elsewhere in

China are in for a ………..a. gift b. shock c. treat d. none of the above36.This was dangerous method of ……….popular support.a. securing b. soliciting c. extracting d. expecting37.The commandos took a long time to ………..the resistance of the

rebels.a. cut down b. pull downc tone down d. break down

38.The priest addressed the…………for more than an hour and was listened to with rapt attention.

a. staff b. audience c. congregation d. crew39.Workers in earlier days were……..because of which the

industries…….a lot.a. honest, lost b. rich, flourished c. autocrats, developedd. inefficient, sufferede. idle, prospered40.If you do not …….., all your monthly expenses would………your

income.a. spend, gain b,. save, outwit c. economise, exceedd. think, swallow e. realize, enhance41.After the present tax holiday period………the power cost to users

may become……..a. starts, unreasonable b. sets, perishable c. ends, lessd. enhances, negligible e. ends, intolerable42.A good teacher-student relationship helps create a……….and

peaceful atmosphere where there is no room for any………..of educational activity.

a. harmonious, interruption b. congenial, development c. quiet, confusiond. cordial, education e. delightful, exaggeration43.Whom would you prefer………..the two of us?

a. among b. of c. between d. to e. in44.The cashier………the money and signed a receipt for it.a. collects b. accepts c. receives d. measured e. counted45.No sooner does he arrive than everyone……….up in his honour.a. stood b. stands c. stand d. got e. bowed

Sentence completion part 2

1 A 21 C 41 C2 B 22 C 42 A3 B 23 D 43 C4 C 24 C 44 E5 C 25 E 45 B6 D 26 E7 C 27 E8 C 28 C9 D 29 D10 D 30 C11 D 31 E12 C 32 B13 D 33 D14 C 34 B15 B 35 C16 A 36 B17 E 37 D18 B 38 C19 B 39 D20 B 40 C

Chapter-6Directions: Each sentence below has one; or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

1. Normally an individual thunderstorm lasts about 45 minutes, but under certain conditions the storm may………, becoming ever more severe, for as long as four hours.

a. wane b. moderate c. persist d. vacillate e. disperse2. perhaps because something in us instinctively distrust such displays of

natural fluency, some readers approach John Updike’s fiction with………

a. indifference b. suspicion c. veneration d. recklessness e. bewilderment3. We lost confidence in him because he never…….the grandiose

promises he had made.a. forgot about b. reneged on c. tired of d. delivered on e. retreated from4. Ms. Sutcliffe’s helpful notes on her latest wine discoveries and her no-

nonsense warnings to consumers about……..wines provide…….guide to the numbing array of wins of Burgundy.

a. excellent…a useful b. overrated…an inadequate c. overpriced…a trustyd. unsatisfactory…a spotty e. vintage… an unreliable5. We were amazed that a man who had been heretofore the most………

of public speakers could, in a single speech, electrify an audience and bring them cheering to their feet.

a. enthralling b. accomplished c. pedestriand. auspiciouse. masterful

6. If you are trying to make a strong impression on your audience, you can not do so by being under stated, tentative, or………….

a. hyperbolic b. restrained c. argumentative d. authoritative e. passionate7. Despite the mixture’s ………nature we found that by lowering its

temperature in the laboratory we could dramatically reduce its tendency to vaporize.

a. resilient b. volatile c. homogeneous d. insipid e. acerbic8. No other artist rewards the viewer with more sheer pleasure then

miro: he is one of those blessed artists who combine profundity and………..

a. education b. wisdom c. faith d. fun e. depth9. Some Central Intelligence Agency officers have……..their previous

statements denying any involvement on their part with the Contra aid network and are now revising their earlier testimony.

a. justified b. recanted c. repeated d. protractede. heeded10.New concerns about growing religious tension in northern India

were……..this week after at least 50 people were killed and hundred were injured or arrested in rioting between Hindus and Muslims.

a. lessened b. invalidated c. restrained d. dispersed e. fueled11.In a happy, somewhat boisterous celebration of the European

discovery of America, the major phase of the Columbus Cinquecentennial got off to………start on Friday.

a. a slow b. a rousing c. a reluctantd. an indifferent e. a quiet12.In one shocking instance of ……..research, one of the nation’s most

influential researchers in the field of genetics reported on experiments that were never carried out and published deliberately………scientific papers on his non existent work.

a. comprehensive…abstract b. theoretical… challengingc. fraudulent… deceptive d. derivative…authoritativee. erroneous… impartial13.Measurement is, like any other human endeavor, a complex activity,

subject to error, not always used……….., and frequently misinterpreted and…………

a. mistakenly… derided b. erratically… analyzed c. systematically…organizedd. innovatively…refined e. properly…misunderstood14.In a revolutionary development in technology, several manufactures

now make biodegradable form of plastic: some plastic six-pack ring, for example, gradually……when exposed to sunlight.

a. harden b. stagnate c. inflate d. propagate e. decompose15.To alleviate the problem of contaminated chicken, the study panel

recommends that the federal government shift its inspection emphasis from cursory bird-by-bird visual checks to a more …….random sampling for bacterial and chemical and chemical contamination.

a. rigorous b. perfunctory c. symbolic d. discreet e. dubioue16.Her novel published to universal acclaim, her literary gift

acknowledged by the chief figures of the Harlem Renaissance, her reputation as yet……….by envious slights, Hurston clearly was at the ……….of her career.

a. undamaged…ebb b. untarnished…zenith c. untainted…extremityd. blackened…mercy e. unmarred …brink17.To the dismay of the student body, the class president

was……..berated by the principal at a school assembly.a. ignominiously b. privately c. magnanimously d. fortuitouslye. inconspicuously18.Aimed at curbing European attempts to seize territory in the

Americas, the Monrow Doctrine was a warning to………..foreign powers.

a. pertinacious b. credulous c. remote d. overt e. predatory

19.When Frazer’s editors at Macmillan tried to…….his endless augmentations, he insisted on a type size so small and a page so packed as to approach illegibility: and if that proved………., thinner paper.

a. protract…unwarranted b. expurgate…satisfactory c. reprimand…irrelevantd. restrict…insufficient e. revise…idiosyncratic20.The authority of voice in Frazer’s writing strikes many readers today

as ………colonialism: his prose seems as invulnerable and expensive as something on which the was presumed never to set.

a. consonant with b. independent of c. ambivalent towards d. cognizant ofe. detrimental to21.Baldwin’s brilliant The Fire Next Time is both so eloquent in its

passion and so searching in its……….that it is bound to………any reader.

a. bitterness…embarrass b. romanticism…appall c. candor…unsettled. indifference…disappoint e. conception…bore22.Unlike other examples of ………verse, Milton’s Lyci-das does more

than merely mourn for the death of Edward King; it also denounces corruption in the Church in which King was ordained.

a. satiric b. elegiac c. freed. humorous e. didactic23.Few other plants can grow beneath the canopy of the sycamore tree,

whose leaves and pods produce a natural herbicide that leaches into the surrounding soil, ………other plants that might compete for water and nutrients.

a. inhibiting b. distinguishing c. nourishing d. encouraging e. refreshing24.Although a few years ago the fundamental facts about the Milky Way

seemed fairly well………, now even its mass and its radius have come into……

a. determined…resolution b. ignored…danger c. problematic…prominenced. diminished…disrepute e. established…question25.The officers threatened to take………if the lives of their men

were……….by the conquered natives.a. liberties…irrigated b. measures…enhanced c. pains…destroyedd. reprisals…endangered e. affront…enervated26.Despite an affected……….which convinced casual observers that he

was indifferent about his painting and enjoyed only frivolity, Warhol cared deeply about his art and labored at it………..:

a. nonchalance…diligently b. empathy…methodically c. fervor…secretlyd. gloom…intermittently e. hysteria…sporadically

27.Because she had a reputation for ………we were surprised and pleased when she greeted us so………..

a. insolence…irately b. insouciance…cordiallyc. graciousness…amiablyd. arrogance…disdainfully e. querulous ness…affably28.The child was so spoiled by her indulgent parents that she pouted and

became…….when she did not receive all of their attention.a. discreet b. suspicious c. elated d. sullen e. tranquil29.Just as disloyalty is the mark of the renegade, ……..is the mark of the

……….a. timorousness…hero b. temerity…coward c. avarice…philanthropistd. cowardice…craven e. vanity…flatterer30.He became quite overbearing and domineering once he had become

accustomed to the ……….shown to soldiers by the natives; he enjoyed his new sense of power and self-importance.

a. disrespect b. apathy c. deference d. culpability e. enmity31.The …..of time had left the castle……..; it towered above the village,

looking much as it must have done in Richard the Lion-Hearted’s time.

a. repairs…destroyed b. remoteness…alone c. lack…defendedd. status…lonely e. ravages…untouched32.One of the most ……educators in New York, Dr. Shalala ignited a

controversy in 1984 by calling the city public schools a “rotten barrel” in need of ………reform.

a. disputatious…little b. outspoken…systemic c. caustic…partiald. indifferent…pretentious e. sycophantic…superficial33.The newest fiber-optic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country

are made of glass so…….that a piece 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard windowpane.

a. fragile b. immaculate c. tangible d. transparent e. iridescent34.The reasoning in this editorial is so………that we cannot see how

anyone can be deceived by it.a. coherent b. astute c. cogent d. specious e. dispassionate35.The …….of evidence was on the side of the plaintif since all but one

witness testified that his story was correct.a. Paucity b. propensity c. accuracy d. brunt e. preponderance36.Glendon provides a dark underside to Frederick Jack son Turner’s

frontier thesis that saw rugged individualism as the essence of American society an individualism which she sees….atomism.

a. antithetical toward b. skeptical of c. degenerating into d. aspiring toe. renewed by37.Chatwin has devoted his life to a kind of Grail quest, hoping to prove

– by study and direct experience with primitive people – that human

nature is gentle and defensive rather than………., and that man is …., not a piedator.

a. belligerent…an apostate b. martial…a crusader c. aggressive…a pilgrimd. truculent…a gladiator38.The texts as we have them were written down and edited carefully by

Christian proud of their ancestors but unable to bear the thought of their indulging in heathen practices; thus, all references to the ancient religion of the Celts were………, if not……….

a. deleted…expunged b. muddied…suppressed c. labored …denigratedd. aggrieved…overawed e. obscure…ironic39.Because Inspector Morse could not contain his scorn for the police

commissioner , he was imprudent enough to make……….remarks about his superior officer.

a. ambiguous b. dispassionate c. unfathomable d. interminable40.In Japanese art, profound emotion is frequently couched in images of nature, observed with……..conditioned by life in a land of dramatic seasonal change, where perils of earthquake and typhoon make nature’s bounty………and its processes awesome and beautiful.a. an intimacy…precarious b. a fidelity…munificent c. a skill…excessived. an indifference.. chancy e. a sensitivity…distinctive41.A ………statement is an ……..comparison; it does not compare things explicitly, but suggests, a likeness between them.a. sarcastic…unfair b. blatant…overt c. sanguine…inherentd. metapnorical…implied e. bellicose…artent42.Modern architecture has discarded the ……..trimming on buildings and has concentrated on an almost Greek simplicity’ of line.a. flamboyant b. austere c. inconspicuous d. aesthetic e.derivative43.If you are seeking……….that will resolve all our ailments, you are undertaking an impossible task.a. a precedent b. a panacea c. an abstraction d. a directione. a conttivance44.I have no……..motive in offering this advice; I seek no personal advantage or honor.a. nominal b. altruistic c. incongruous d. disinterested

e. ulterior45.This park has been preserved in all its……wildness so that visitors in future years may see how people lived during the eighteenth century.a. hedonistic b. prospective c. esoteric d. untrammeled

e. pristine46.Though he was theoretically a friend of labor, his voting record in Congress……..that impression.a. implied b. created c. confirmedd. belied e. maintained47.The orator was so…….that the audience became………..

a. soporific…drowsy b. inaudible…elated c. pompous…bombasticd. dramatic…affable e. convincing…moribund48.If you carry this………attitude to the conference, you will ………any supporters you may have at this moment.a. belligerent…delight b. truculent…alienate c. conciliatory…deferd. supercilious…attract e. ubiquitous…delight49.The ………pittance the widow receives from the government cannot keep her from poverty.a. magnanimous b. indulgent c. meticulous d. munificent

e. meager50.Harriman, Kennan, and Acheson were part of that inner…….of the American diplomatic establishment whose distinguished legacy………U.S. foreign policy.a. circle..grieved b. sanctum…absorbed c. core…dominatedd. life…biased e. coterie…exacerbated

CHAPTER 6Sentence completion part 1

1 C 21 C 41 D2 B 22 B 42 A3 D 23 A 43 B4 C 24 E 44 E5 C 25 D 45 E6 B 26 A 46 D7 B 27 E 47 A8 D 28 D 48 B9 B 29 D 49 E10 E 30 C 50 C11 B 31 E12 C 32 B13 E 33 D14 E 34 D15 A 35 E16 B 36 C17 A 37 C18 E 38 B19 D 39 E20 A 40 A

Chapter-6Direction: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

1. The young man quickly promoted when his employers saw how………he was.

a. indigent b. indifferent c. assiduous d. lethargic e. cursory2. For Miro, art became a ………ritual: paper and pencils were holy

objects to him and he worked as though he were performing a religious rite.

a. superficial b. sacred c. banal d. cryptic e. futile3. Because it arrives so early in the season, before many other birds, the

robin has been called the ………..of spring.a. hostage b. autocrat c. compass d. newcomer e. harbinger4. Shy and hypochondriacal, Madison was uncomfortable at public

gatherings; his character made him a most……….lawmaker and practicing politician.

a. conscientiousb. unlikely c. fervent d. gregarious e. effective5. The tapeworm is an example of ………..organism, one that lives

within or on another creature, deriving some or all of its nutrients from its host.

a. a hospitable b. an exemplary c. a parasiticd. an autonomous6. In place of the more general debate about abstract principles of

government that most delegates probably expected, the Constitutional Convention put…………proposals on the table.

a. theoretical b. vague c. concrete d. tentative e. redundant7. Overindulgence……….character as well as physical stamina.a. strengthens b. stimulatesc. debilitatesd. maintains e. provides8. We must try to understand his momentary………he has……..more

strain and anxiety than any among usa. outcry…described b. senility…understood c. vision…forgottend. generosity…desired e. aberration…undergone9. He is………opponent; you must respect and fear him at all times.a. a redoubtableb. a disingenuous c. a pugnacious d. an insignificante. a craven10.Your………tactics may compel me to cancel the contract as the job

must be finished on time.a. dilatory b. offensive c. repugnant d. infamous e. confiscatory11.Truculent in defending their individual rights of sovereignty under the

Articles of Confederation, the newly formed states constantly.a. apologized b. digressed c. conferred d. acquiesced e. squabbled

12.If the Titanic had hit the iceberg head on, its water-tight compartments might have saved it from ………, but it swerved to avoid the iceberg, and the collision so many compartments were opened to the sea that disaster was………

a. foundering…inevitable b. sinking…escaped c. damage…limitedd. buoyancy…unavoidable e. collapse…averted13.Written in an amiable style, the book provides a comprehensive

overview of European wines that should prove inviting to both the virtual……….and the experienced connoisseur.

a. prodigal b. novice c. zealot d. miser e. glutton14.The members of the religious sect ostracized the………who had

abandoned their faith.a. coward b. suppliant c. litigant d. recreant e. proselyte

15.I am not attracted by the … …..life of the ……….., always wandering through the countryside, begging for charity.

a. proud…almsgiver b. noble…philanthropist c. affluent…mendicantd. natural…philosopher e. peripatetic…vagabond16.He true feeling………themselves in her sarcastic asides; only then

was her………..revealed.a. concealed…sweetness b. manifested…bitterness c. hid…sarcasmd. developed…anxiety e. grieved…charm17.They fired upon the enemy form behind trees, walls, and any

other………point they could finda. conspicuous b. definitive c. vantage d. exposed e. indefensible18.Critics of the movie version of THE COLOUR PURPLE……….its

saccharine, over optimistic mood as out of keeping with the novel’s more………tone.

a. applauded…somber b. condemned…hopeful c. acclaimed…positived. denounced…sanguine e. decried…acerbic19.We need more men of culture and enlightenment; we have too

many……..among us.a. visionaries b. students c. philistines d. pragmatists e. philisophers20.The sugar dissolved in water………………; finally all that remained

was an almost……..residue on the bottom of the glass.a. quickly…lumpy b. immediately…fragrant c. gradually…imperceptibled. subsequently…glassy e. spectacularly…opaque

21.Alec Guinness has few equals among English speaking actors, and in his autobiography he reveals himself to be an uncommonly………prose stylist as well.

a. ambivalent b. infamous c. supercilious d. felicitous e. pedestrian22.Traffic speed limits are set at a level that achieves some balance

between the danger of ……………speed and the desire of most people to travel as quickly as possible.

a. marginal b. normal c. prudent d. inadvertent e. excessive23.Although the economy suffers downturns, it also has

strong……….and self-correcting tendencies.a. unstable b. recidivist c. inauspicious d. recuperative e. self-destructive24.It is foolish to vent your spleen on………….object; still, you

make……..enemies that way.a. an inanimate…fewer b. an immobile…bitter c. an interesting…curious d. an insipid…dull e. a humane…more25.Since Cyrano de Bergerac did not with to be under an obligation to

any man, he refused to be a ………of Cardinal Richelieu.a. proselytizer b. mentor c. protégé d benefactor e. predecessor26.The leader of the group is the passionately committed Crimond,

whose…………politics is inversely proportional to his disciples’…….political faith.

a. retreat from ….remote b. penchant for…ardent c. indifference to …jaundicedd. engagement in…lapsed e. disinclination for…problematic27.After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December, 1941,

Japanese-Americans were……..of being spies for Japan, although there was no………to back up this accusation.

a. acquitted…buttress b. tired…witness c. reminded…reasond. suspected…evidence e. exonerated…money28.More than one friendly whale has nudged a boat with such……..that

passengers have been knocked overboard.a. enthusiasm b. lethargy c. hostility d. serenity e. animosity

29.The mind of a bigot is like the pupil of the eye: the more light you pour upon it, the more it will………..

a. blink b. veer c. stare d. reflect e. contract30.We have become so democratic in our habits of thought that we are

convinced that truth is determined through……….of facts.a. a hierarchy b. a transcendence c. a plebiscite d. a repeal e. an ignorance

31.Studded starfish are well protected from most……….and parasites by …………surface whose studs are actually modified spines.

a. dangers…a vulnerable b. predators…an armored c. threats…a fragilec. challenges …an obtuse d. exigencies…a brittle32.Chaotic in conception but not in ………Kelly’s can vases are as neat

as the proverbial pin.a. conceit b. theory c. execution d. origin e. intent33.After having worked in the soup kitchen feeding the hungry, the

volunteer began to see her own good fortune as………..an her difference from the……..as chance rather than destiny.

a. an omen...homeless b. a fluke…impoverished c. a threat…destituted. a reward…indigent e. a lie…affluent34.Some students are……….and want to take only the courses for which

they see immediate value.a. theoretical b. impartial c . pragmatic d. idealistic e. opinionated35.Unlike the Shakespearean plays that lit up the English stage, the

“closet dramas” of the nineteenth century were meant to be……….rather than……..

a. seen…acted b. read… staged c. quiet…raucous d. sophisticated…urbane36.Japan’s industrial success is ………..in part to its tradition of group

effort and………, as opposed to the emphasis on personal achievement that is a prominent aspect of other industrial nations.

a. responsive …independence b. related…introspection c. equivalent…solidarityd. subordinate…individuality e. attributed…cooperation37.I was so bored with the verbose and redundant style of Victorian

novelists that I welcomed the change to the……..style of Hemingway.a. prolix b. consistent c. terse c. logistical d. florid38.As………head of the organization, attended social functions and civic

meetings but had no in the formulation of company policy.a. titular…voice b. hypothetical…vote c. former…prided. nominal … competition e. actual…say39.His listeners enjoyed his………..wit but victims often………at its

satire.a. lugubrious…suffered b. caustic…laughed c. kindly…smartedd. subtle…smiled e. trenchant…winced40.The first forty years of life give us the text: the next 30 supply the a. abridgement b. bibliography c. commentary d. epitaph e. title41.The distinctive qualities of African music were not appreciated or

even……..by Westerners until fairly recently.

a. deplored b. revered c. ignored d. neglected e. perceived42.It is only to the vain that all is vanity; and all is……….only to those

who have never been……….themselves.a. arrogance…proud of b. deception…sincere with c. cowardice…afraid ford. indolence…bored by e. solitude…left to43.No act of……….was more pronounced than his refusal of any

rewards for his discovery.a. abeyance b. submission c. egoism d. denunciation e. abnegation44.The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in

an……state: otherwise it may grow to dangerous proportions.a. amorphous b. embryonic c. uncultivated d. overt45.Unlike the gregarious Capote, who was never happier than when he

was in the center of a crowd of celebrities, Faulkner, in later years, grew somewhat……….and shunned company.

a. congenial b decorous c. dispassionate d. reclusive e ambivalent46.She is a pragmatist, as………..to base her future on impractical

dreams as she would be to build a castle on shifting sand.a. determined b. disinclined c. quick d. apt e. diligent47.We are……..the intellects of the past; or, rather, like children we take

it for granted that somebody must supply us with our supper and our……….

a. ungrateful to …..ideas b. dependent on…repose c. unfaithful to…needsd. fortunate in …allowance e. generous to…wants.48.This island is a colony; however, in most matters, it is ……….and

receives no orders from the mother country.a. submissive b. amorphous c. distant d. autonomous e. aloof49.Although 18th century English society as a whole did not encourage

learning for its own sake in women, nonetheless it illogically……..women’s sad lack of education.

a. palliated b. postulated c. decried d. brooked e. vaunted50.Faced with these massive changes, the government keeps its own

counsel; although generally benevolent, it has always been……….regime.

a. an altruistic b. an unpredictable c. a reticent d. a sanguine e. an indifferent

Sentence completion part 2

1 C 21 D 41 E2 B 22 E 42 B3 E 23 D 43 E4 B 24 A 44 B5 C 25 C 45 D6 C 26 E 46 B7 C 27 D 47 A8 E 28 A 48 D9 A 29 E 49 C10 A 30 C 50 C11 E 31 B12 A 32 C13 B 33 B14 D 34 C15 E 35 B16 B 36 E17 C 37 C18 E 38 A19 C 39 E20 C 40 C

Chapter-7Problem-1For generations man has…1…against the wilds to create a world where only he ..2.. whether animals and plants survive or are..3..out. Earlier we accepted as self-evident that any ...4.. in our environment brought about by science and technology must be improvements..5..the world of our ..6.. However, many people all over the world have begun to feel that..7.. are going too far, and that we should try to ..8.. some of the world’s original life before we find it..9..too late. The same sciences which had led us away from nature are now..10..the miracle of creation.1. a. faced b. stood c. struggled d. challenged2. a. decides b. thinks c. advises d. observes3. a. taken b. wiped c. put d. thrown4. a. differences b. increments c. changes d. replacements5. a. in b. at c. over d. for6. a. aborigines b. ancients c. successors d. ancestors7. a. ourselves b. we c. us d. some8. a. demolish b. cherish c. save d. renovate9. a. occurs b. sounds c. seems d. gets 10.a. unfolding b. discussing c. arguing d. narrating

Problem-2It is neither the size nor the length of life which makes man..1..The growth of mind and the intellect is..2.. in proportion to the growth of the human body. The man may ..3.. physically the stature of a giant, yet he may remain ..4.. a dwarf. The true worth of man..5.. upon his action, deed and thought. Man is not like a tree. An oak tree..6.. to a huge size and lives for hundreds of years, only to ..7.. to the ground, withered, dry and leafless..8.. It is not in ..9.. things that ..10.. is sought.1.a. human b. polite c. better d. humble2.a. roughly b. usually c. ever d. never3.a. earn b. attain c. keep d. grow4.a. morally b. spiritually c. socially d. intellectually5.a. depends b. lies c. revolves d. gathers6.a. lifts b. grows c. manages d. raises7.a. decay b. dwindle c. disappear d. fall8.a. log b. wood c. pole d. chip9.a. big b. small c. broad d. lengthy10.a. interest b. value c. curiosity d. perfection

Problem-3The population of the country poses a ..1..economic situation, for we are not able to ..2..it by our own agricultural produce. Besides...3.. all development efforts, the problem brings ..4.. to the community, to the family and the individual. To plan when population growth is ..5.. is like building a house where the ground is constantly ..6.. An argument is

put..7.. that our country is overpopulated. The vast potent resources of the country still lie..8.. It is indeed a pity that our vast resources..9.. unused. If we are able to ..10.. our productive forces, even double the present population can be ..11.. Our population problem does not lie..12.. in the increase in the number of people. The real ..13.. and the menace to the ..14.. of us all lies in the effect of this rapidly increasing population on our ..15.. to provide essentials of life to everyone.1.a. satistactory b. hopeful c. grim d. foul2.a. finance b. flourish c. support d. maintain3.a. rejecting b. dismissing c. boosting d. neutralising4.a. pain b. difficulty c. distress d. relief5.a. increased b. encouraged c. checked d. unchecked6.a. flat b. fertile c. futile c. flooded7.a. down b. up c. through d. forward8.a. tapped b. untapped c. uncontrolled d. dormant9.a. appear b. stay c. lie d. go10.a. mould b. bridle c. stem d. harness11.a. supported b. enhanced c. encouraged d. tolerated12.a. generally b. widely c. broadly d. merely13.a. point b. idea c. meaning d. threat14.a. life b. welfare c. future d. career15.a. will b. inability c. ability d. intention

Problem-4Scaling each other was one of the ..1.. pastimes of the American Indians..2.. of the colonial settlers of the ..3.. discovered world for 4 centuries ..4.. the end of the 19th ..5.. To the white man, arriving ..6.. Hordes from the European countries ..7.. red-skinned man, who had migrated ..8.. Asia more than 10 centuries earlier ..9.. a barrier to settlement and ..10.. wealth. To the Indian, the white man promised only the end of a free way of life, a total humiliation, so they killed each other.1 a. liked b. favourite c. enjoyable d. practical2 a. so b. while c. because d. and3 a. freshly b. lately c. newly d. recently4 a. up b. on c. till d. until5 a. millennium b. annum c. century d. decade6 a. over b. with c. on d. in7 a. such b. the c. that d. any8 a. out b. of c. away d. from9 a. was b. were c. is d. are10 a. possible b. potential c. probable d. certain

Problem-5Fundamentally, all human ..1..possess combinations of fixed inherited traits. All men possess the ..2.. highly developed nervous system, backbones, erect posture, hair, etc. Therefore ..3.. among men arise only

in ..4.. changes of this ..5.. pattern. Racoal ..6.. represent one of the finest distinctions and are based on certain..7.. differences. Two races may be ..8.. in hair colour and in eye colour but ..9.. in stature while two others may be ..10.. in stature but differ in colour of eyes and hair.1 a. animal b. beings c. mind d. society2 a. large b. different c. same d. natural3 a. sameness b. naturalness c. artificial d. variations 4 a. no b. large c. fundamental d. minor5 a. fluctuating b. basic c. mad d. picturesque6 a. difference b. clashes c. hatred d. tolerance7 a. clearcut b. minor c. unnoticeable d. massive8 a. alike b. different c. mismatched d. beautiful9 a. alike b. tall c. same d. different10 a. similar b. short c. uncouth d. different

Problem-6In all compositions ..1.. is the most ..2.. virtue. You should write in a simple and ..3.. manner. The words chosen should be ..4.. in meaning. Try not to use ..5.. words merely because they are ..6.. Do not allow poetic images or ..7.. to spoil the grace of good style. It is no longer ..8.. to stuff your composition with too many ..9.. or proverbs especially if their relevance is ..10..1 a. complexity b. flourish c. simplicity d. reserve2 a. hidden b. described c. depicted d. admired3 a. straightforward b. showy c. ornate d decorative4 a. haphazard b. quick c. discriminating d. clear5 a. difficult b. short c. appropriate d. small6 a. familiar b. literary c. distant d. admired7 a. pictures b. stories c. similes d. examples8 a. dislike b. uncommon c. difficult d. fashionable9 a. philosophies b. writers c. quotations d. systems10 a. good b. observed c. clear d. doubtful

CHAPTER -7Part - 1problem 1

1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D6 C 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 A

problem 21 A 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 A6 B 7 D 8 A 9 A 10 D

problem 31 C 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 D

6 D 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 D11 A 12 D 13 D 14 C 15 C

problem 41 B 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C6 D 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 B

problem 51 B 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 B6 A 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A

problem 61 C 2 D 3 A 4 D 5 A6 B 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 D

Chapter-7Problem -1Inn 1893, Lokmanya Tilak converted the Ganapati festival into a national celebration. He comapaigned ..1..the ..2.. celebration of this public festival throughout Maharashtra. It was ..3.. this festival that he could ..4.. public ..5.. for the nationalist movement. The desired ..6.. of this festival was further ..7.. by the Shivaji festival. It was inauguraged in honour of Chhatrapati Shivaji, the greatest Maratha King, in the ..8.. of several thousand people. In the ..9.. the Marathas were ..10.. and this helped a lot in mounting an attack on the British rule.1 a. with b. withstanding c. against d. for2 a. early b. wide c. sudden d. slow3 a. indeed b. exactly c. through d. before4 a. enhance b. demand c. control d. mobilise5 a. support b. grievances c. places d. festival6 a. decoration b. publicity c. importance d. impace7 a. decided b. reinforced c. displayed d. manifested8 a. protest b. service c. presence d. honour9 a. fight b. beginning c. meantime d. activity10 a. glorified b. forbidden c. absent d. neglected

Problem-2The Congress ..1.. issued on the eve of the ..2.. elections contains an open endorsement of the Dunkel Draft. Stress has been ..3.. allaying 2 specific apprehensions. The Dunkel Draft, the manifesto says, poses no ..4.. to food subsidies and the subside-based public ..5. system. The GATT treaty, it is explained, would all ..6.. to the extent of 10% of the market price. 2nd , there should ..7.. be no fear on account of the Dunkel stipulation of allowing ..8.. of farm products up to 3% of its domestic output. Imports of such a piffling order, according to the manifesto, could ..9.. no threat to the domestic price..10..1 a. manifesto b. paper c. draft d. souvenir2 a. past b. recent c. immediate d. old3 a. put on b. laid on c. give d. placed on4 a. threat b. danger c. problem d. situation5 a. dealing b. working c. distribution d. relation6 a. concession b. allowance c. subsidy d. aid7 a. too b. even c. also d. exactly8 a. imports b. exports c. sell d. purchase9 a. make b. pose c. create d. affect10 a. system b. line c. structure d. pattern

Problem -3Operation Flood was ..1.. with the primary objective of ..2.. rural milk producers with urban milk consumers, by ..3.. viable producer cooperatives in the milk shed, and thus ..4.. the rural milk producers to

earn higher income from milk. The program ..5.. some 72 lakh members in nearly 61000 village societies ..6.. over diverse ecologies in 174 milk sheds. The cooperatives procure an average of 90lakh litres of milk a day to ..7.. the ever growing urban demand for fresh milk from the country.1 a. visualized b. created c. launched d. devoted2 a. joining b. linking c. bringing d. identifying3 a. exposing b. creating c. generating d. providing4 a. offering b. enabling c. activating d . justifying5 a. covers b. rotates c. motivates d. follows6 a. distributed b. assembled c. spread d. situated7 a. control b. meet c. satisfy d. attend

Problem-4Essentially I am interested in ..1.. world, in this ..2.., not in some other ..3.. or a future life. Whether there is such a ..4.. as a soul, or whether there is a survival after ..5.. or not, I do not know and important as these ..6.. are, they do not trouble me in ..7.. The environment in which I have ..8.. upholds the soul and a future life, the karma theory of ..9.. and effect and reincarnation for ..10..

1 a. this b. that c. real d. imaginary2 a. life b. reality c. existence d. truth3 a. reality b. world c. life d. plane4 a. fact b. thing c. reality d. idea5 a. life b. existence c. death d. reality6 a. problems b. situations c. questions d. queries7 a. the least b. the most c. not at all c. actually8 a. reared b. grown c. increased d. thrived9 a. cause b. question c. problem d. reason10 a. permitted b. granted c. allowed d. sure

Problem -5The 1.. of a survey by the National Institute of ..2.. health give ..3.. for ..4.. According to the survey, about 14 million people in India are affected by ..5.. mental ..6.. at any point of time. In the case of the mentally ill, it is ..7.. difficult to ..8.. them, let alone ..9.. them. The most ..10.. are those in the ..11.. areas, for whatever ..12.. for the mentally sick exist are concentrated around major urban centres.1 a. verdicts b. decisions c. judgements d. measures e. findings 2 a. spiritual b. psychical c. social d. physical e. mental3 a. food b. cause c. purpose d. support e. reinforcement4 a. alarm b. discount c. fear d. dissatisfaction e. vexation

5 a. dangerous b. strong c. serious d. fatal e. important6 a. disorders b. perturbation c. dislocation d. confusion e. involvement7 a. seldom b. occasionally c. very d. hardly e. never8 a. cure b. recognize c. identify d. select e. rehabilitate9 a. facilitate b. guide c. cure d. advise e. treat10 a. indifferent b. neglected c. careless d. abandoned e. seriously11 a. urban b. rural c. forest d. suburban e. metropolitan12 a. facilities b. advantages c. avenues d. remedies e. solicitations

Problem-6We can appreciate the importance of Chemistry if we understand what chemistry is. It is experimental science which has the tasks of ..1.. the materials out of which the things in the universe are made. Analyses have ..2.. things to be composed of elements aggregated in different ..3.. Millions of ..4.. which are used in our daily life are prepared with only a few dozen elements. Even the ..5.. molecule does not contain more than four or five types of elements. Both the giant and the micro molecules are ..6..important. Water which is composed of only 2 types of elements, i.e. hydrogen and oxygen, is one of the ..7.. of life. Proteins, the compounds of 4 elements, play a ..8.. role in cell formation. Vitamins, hormones, etc. are all chemical compounds and are ..9.. in laboratories. Dyes, plastics, fertilizers, drugs, synthetic fibres, etc., are all ..10.. substances. Therefore, it would be appropriate to say that chemistry is an important subject and it should be studied by all.1 a. listing b. investigating c. inventing d. collecting2 a. revealed b. allowed c. facilitated d. assumed3 a. shapes b. manners c. styles d. proportions4 a. products b. compounds c. substances d. items5 a. biggest b. heaviest c. longest d. darkest6 proportionally b. critically c. equally d. rarely7 requirements b. blessings c. essentials d. components8 a. major b. positive c. reasonable d. suitable9 a. collected b. found c. synthesized d. used10 a. physical b. light c. imported d. chemical

FILL IN BLANKS PART 2problem 1

1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A6 D 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 D

problem 21 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 C6 C 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 C

problem 31 C 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A6 C 7 B

problem 41 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 C6 C 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 B

problem 51 E 2 E 3 B 4 A 5 C6 A 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 E11 B 12 A

problem 61 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 A6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 D

Chapter – 8Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair1.MASON:WALL:: a. artist : easel b. fisherman:trout c. author :book

d. congressman : senator e. sculptor : mallet2.FIRE : ASHES:: a. accident : delay b. wood : splinters c. water : waves

d. regret : melancholy e. event : memories3.GOOSE :GANDER:: a. duck : drake b. hen: chicken c. sheep : flock

d. dog : kennel e. horse : bridle4.CARPENTER: SAW:: a. stenographer : typewriter b. painter : brush c. lawyer : brief

d. seamstress : scissors e. runner : sneakers5.CAPTAIN :SHOAL:: a. lawyer : litigation b. pilot : radar c. soldier : ambush

d. doctor : hospital e. corporal : sergeant6.HORNS:BULL:: a. a mane : lion b. wattles : turney c. antilers :stag

d. hoofs : horse e. wing : eagle7. JUDGE :COURTHOUSE:: a. carpenter : bench b. lawyer : brief c. architect : blueprint d. physician : infirmary e. landlord: studio8.HELMET :HEAD::a . pedal:foot b. gun: hand c. breastplate :chest

d. pendant : neck e. knapsack : back9.GULLBLE :DUPED::a. credible: cheated b. careful:cautioned c. malleable: molded

d. myopic: misled e. articulate : silenced10.DUNGEON : CONFINEMENT::a. church: chapel b. school: truancy c. asylum : refuge

d. hospital: mercy e. courthouse: remorse11.HERMIT : GREGARIOUS::a. miser : penurious b. ascetic : hedonistic c. coward : pusillanimous d. scholar : literate e. crab: crustacean12.MENDACITY: HONESTY::a. courage: cravenness b. truth : beauty c. courage : fortitude d. unsophistication : ingenuousness e. turpitude : depravity13.MARATHON :STAMINA::a. relay : independence b. hurdle : perseverance c. sprint: celebrity d. jog : weariness e. ramble: directness14.NAIVE :INGENUE::a. ordinary : genius b. venerable ; celebrity c. urbane : sophisticate d. crafty : artisan e. modest : braggart15.RETOUCH: PHOTOGRAPH a. hang : painting b. finger : fabric c. retract : statement d. compose : melody e. refine : style

16.INDIGENT :WEALTH:: a. contented : happiness b. aristocratic : stature c. smug : complacency d. emaciated : nourishment e. variegated : variety17.SHALE :GEOLOGIST::a. catacombs : entomologist b. aster : botanist c. obelisk : fireman d. love : philologist e. reef : astrologer18.DIDACTIC :TEACH:: a. sophomoric : learn b. satiric : mock c. reticent : complain

d. chaotic : rule e. apologetic : deny19.HACKNEYED :ORIGINAL::a.. mature: juvenile b. trite : morbid c. withdrawn: reserved d. evasive : elusive e. derivative : traditional 20.AUGER :CARPENTER::a. studio : sculptor b. awl : cobbler c. seam : seamstress

d. cement : mason e. apron : chef21.MUSTER :CREW::a. convene: committee b. demobilize: troops c. dominate : opposition d. cheer : team e. dismiss : jury22.DWELL: DENIZEN::a. shun :outcast b. inherit : heir c. squander : miser

d. obey : autocrat e. patronize : protege23.MEANDERING: DIRECTNESS::a. menacing : ambition b. affable: permissivenessc. digressive : conciseness d. circuitous : rotation e. aboveboard : openness24.CEMENT:TROWEL::a. lawn:rake b. conflagration:match c. paint:brushd. floor:polish e. wallpaper:ladder25.PIGHEADED:YIELD::a. lionhearted:retreat b. lily-livered:flee c. dogged:pursued. featherbrained:giggle e. eagle-eyed:discern26.ALARM:TRIGGER::a. prison:escape b. tunnel:digc. criminal:comerd. fright:allay e. trap:spring27.QUOTATION:QUOTATION MARKS::a. remark:colon b. sentence:period

c. aside:parentheses d. clause:semicolon e. interjection:exclamation point28.SIGNATURE:ILLUSTRATION::a. byline:column b. alias: charge

c. credit:purchase d. note:scale e. reference:recommendation29.SCALES:JUSTICE::weights:measures b. laws:courts c. torch:libertyd. laurel:peace e. balance:equity30.SURPRISE:EXCLAMATION::a. insolence:bow b. dismay:groan

c. happiness:grimaced. deference:nod e. contentment:mutter

31.APOSTATE:RELIGION::a. potentate :kingdom b. traitor:country

c. bureaucrat:government d. jailor:law e. teacher:education32.FOX:CUNNING::a. dog:playful b. hyena:amusing c. beaver:industriousd. vixen:cute e. colt:strudy33.PERJURY:OATH::a. plagiaris :authority b. embezzlement:trust

c. disrespect:aged. testimony:court e. jury:vow34.EULOGY:BLAME::a. elegy:loss b. satire:mockery c. tirade:abused. simile:likeness e. benediction:curse35.PRIDE:LIONS::a. gaggle:geese b. honor:thieves c. snarl:wolvesd. arrogance:kings e. lair:bears36.RANGE:MOUNTAINS::a. atlas:mapsb. plain:prairie c. string:beadsd. novel : short stories e. sea : rivers37.EXCESSIVE:MODERATION::a. extensive ; duration b. arbitrary : couragec. impulsive : reflection d. distinguished: reverence e. expensive : cost38.DEADBEAT:PAY::a. killjoy : lament b. spoilsport:refrain c. daredevil:riskd. diehard ; quite. turncoat : betray39.MENDICANT:IMPECUNIOUS::a. critic : quizzical b. complainer:petulantc. physician:noble d. liar : compulsive e. philanthropist : prodigal40.SNICKER:DISRESPECT::a. whimper:impatience b. chortle:glee

c. frown:indifference d. sneer: detachment e. glower : cheerfulness41.MYTH:LEGENDARY::a. sermon;lengthy b. anecdote:witty c. fable:didacticd. epic:comic allegory:obscure42.TIRADE:ABUSIVE::a. monologue:lengthy b. aphorism:boringc. prologue:conclusive d. encomium:laudatory e. critique:insolent43.EXPEDITIOUS:SPEED::a. astute:wisdom b. decorous:impropriety

c. thoughtful:inanity d. haggard:sturdiness e. portable:frailty44.ANNOTATE:TEXT::a. enact;law b. prescribe:medication

c. caption:photograph d. abridge:novel45.DRUDGERY:IRKSOME::a. encumbrance:burdensome b. journey:wearisomec. ambivalence:forced d. compliance:forced e. dissonance:harmonius

46.IMPROMPTU:REHEARSAL::a. practiced:technique b. makeshift:whim c. offhand:premeditation d. glib:fluency e. numerical:calculation47.ELISION:SYLLABLES::a. contraction:letters b. thesis:ideas

c. diagnosis:symptomsd. almanac : facts e. abacus:numbers48.STICKLER:INSIST::a. mumbler:enunciate b. trickster:risk c. haggler:conceded. laggard:outlast e. braggart:boast49.DETRITUS:GLACIER::a. thaw:snowfall b. snow:ice cap

c. silt:riverd. range: mountain e. foliage:tree50.DESCRY:DISTANT::a. mourn:lost b. whisper:muted c. discern:subtled. destroy:flagrant e. entrap:hostile

CHAPTER 8Anology / part 1

1 C 21 A 41 C2 E 22 B 42 D3 A 23 C 43 A4 D 24 C 44 C5 C 25 A 45 A6 C 26 E 46 C7 D 27 C 47 A8 C 28 A 48 E9 C 29 C 49 C10 C 30 B 50 C11 B 31 B

12 A 32 C13 C 33 B14 C 34 E15 E 35 A16 D 36 C17 B 37 C18 B 38 D19 A 39 B20 B 40 B

Chapter 8

Directions: in each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.1.HORSE:CORRAL::a. oyster: reefb. dog : muzzlec. sheep: flockd. pig: stye. deer:stag2.RUBBER:ELASTIC::a. paper:brittleb. diamond:hardc. satin:sheerd. metal: heavye. dust:allergic3.REAM:PAPER::a. carton:milkb. statue ; marblec. tablet:clayd. ink: pene. cord: wood4.HOBBLE:WALK:;a. gollop: runb. stammer: speakc. stumble : falld. sniff : smelle. amble : stroll5.DETECTIVE:INFORMER::a. spy: counterspyb. repoter:sourcec. author : editord. architect : draftsmane. sailor : mutineer6.SCULPTOR::STONE::a. essayist : wordsb. painter : turpentinec. composer : symphonyd. logger : timbere. etcher : acid7.MASTHEAD:NEWSPAPER::a. footnote : essayb. credits : filmc. spine : bookd. ream: papere. advertisement : magazine8.FRAYED:FABRIC::a. thawed : iceb. renovated : buildingc. frazzled : nervesd. watered: lawne. cultivated : manner

9.INDOLENT:WORK::a. decisive : actb. guillible : cheatc. perceptive : observed. theatrical : performe. taciturn : speak10.INFALLIBLE:ERROR::a. irreversible ; cureb. invulnerable : emotion c. impeccable : flawd. intolerable ; defecte. immovable : choice11.INFRACTION:LAW::a. interruption: continuityb. renovation : structure c. establishment: orderd. enactment : amendment e. punishment : crime12.LACHRYMOSE:TEARS;:a. effusive : requestsb. ironic ; jestsc. morose : speechesd. profound : sighse. verbose : words13.MOISTEN;DRENCH::a. enclose :confineb. prick : stabc. disregard : ignored. scrub: polishe. heat : chill14.WITCH:COVEN::a. orgre :castleb. seer : prophecyc. actor : trouped. fairy : spelle. doctor ; medicine15.CONTINENT:ISLAND::a. ocean : lakeb. isthmus : peninsulac. cape : coved. river : canale. plateau : plain16.SKINFLINT:STINGY::a. daredevil : alertb. braggart : care freec. blackguard : protectived. spendthrift : weake. diehard : stubborn

17.STORY:BUILDING::a. plot : outlineb. rung : ladderc. cable : elevatord. foundation : skyscrapere. spire: church

18.CANONIZE:SAINT::a. train : athleteb. guard : dignitaryc. deify : sinnerd. lionize : celebritye. humanize: scholar19.STARE:GLANCE::a. participate : observeb. scorn: admirec. hunt : stalkd. gulp: sipe. confide : tell20.PERFORATE:HOLES::a. speckle : spotsb. evaporate : perfumec. decorate : roomsd. filter : watere. repent : sins21.PUGNACIOUS:BATTLE::a. timorous : begb. loquacious : drinkc. tenacious : persistd. veracious : liee. wicked : survive22.CLEARSIGHTED : PERSPICACITY::a. daring : temerityb. reserved : impulsivenessc. transparent : opacityd. severe ; clemencye. lethargic ; energy23.PLEAD:SUPPLIANT::a. disperse : rioterb. shun : outcastc. revere : elderd. beg : philanthropiste. translate : interpreter24.EPIGRAM:PITHY::a. allegory : lengthyb. saga: heroicc. anecdote : humorousd. elegy : satiric e. proverb : modern25.BOLT:FABRIC::a. lock : keyb. book : paperc. roll : filmd. needle : threade. light : lamp26.PROOF:ALCOHOL::a. cream : milk b. canteen: waterc. tanker : oild. octane : gasolinee. pulp : juice27.INCUBATOR:INFANT::a. henhouse : chicken

b. greenhouse ; plant c. archives : documentd. cooler : winee. hive ; bee28.CITADEL:DEFENSE;:a. chapel : refreshmentb. gazebo : refugec. marina: contemplationd. warehouse : storagee. rampart : supervision29.RANCID:TASTE:;a. tepid: temperatureb. glossy: lookc. rank: smelld. dulcet : sounde. savory : odor30.TRYST:CLANDESTINE::a. reverie : dreamyb. acquaintanceship : briefc. expectation : hopelessd. glance ; resentfule. journey : leisurely31.WHISPER:SPEAK::a. brush : touchb. skip ; walkc. listen : heard. request : aske. whimper : whine

32.ELUSIVE:CAPTURE::a. persuasive : convinceb. elastic : stretchc. headstrong : controld. sensible : decidee. gullible : trick33.LINEAGE:PERSON::a. foliage : treeb. derivation : wordc. adolescence : childd. title : booke. landscape ; portrait34.IMPANEL:JUROR::a. accuse : defendantb. convict : culpritc. testify : witnessd. enroll : studente. involve : bystander35.PECCADILLO:TRIFLING::a. pariah : popularb. diagnosis : accuratec. notion : farfetchedd. squabble : pettye. pursuit : trivial36.PHYSIQUE:STURDY::a. intellect : noble

b. punctuality : tardyc. investment : soundd. fabric : worne. technique : inept37.TRAILER:MOTION PICTURE::a. truck : cargob. theater : playc. edition : noveld. commercial : producte. libretto : opera38.SIGN:ZODIAC::a. poster : billboardb. letter : alphabetc. prediction ; prophecyd. signal : beacone. rhyme : almanac39.LUMINARY:ILLUSTRIOUS::a. zealot : intenseb. miser : prodigalc. atheist : devoutd. dignitary ; conceitede. celebrity : wealthy40.BUFFOON:DIGNITY::a. braggart : modesty b. blackguard : strengthc. laughingstock : ridiculed. imposter : identificatione. gambler : risk41.ROUT:DEFEAT::a. ovation: applauseb. triumph : failurec. grief : lossd. pathway : ruine. memory : oblivion42. METAPHOR: FIGURATIVE::a. fable : contemporaryb. adage : paradoxical c. precept : instructived. irony : dramatice. apic : literal43.CALUMNY:ASPRSIONS::a. approbation : praiseb. slander : mockeryc. approval : criticismd. expectation : threatse. satire : lamentations44.LAST: SHOE::a. cuff: trousersb. finale : curtainc. pattern : gloved. buckle : belte. strap : slip45.INDOLENT : SLOTH::a. wrathful : ireb. arrogant : acuity

c. covetous : enigmad. gluttonous : loyaltye. impatient : apathy46.GROVEL: SERVILITY::a. tiller : arroganceb. fume : angerc. yawn : civilityd. preen : modestye. snivel : hypocrisy47.DELICATE: FASTIDIOUS::a. hard-working :diligentb. altruistic : mercenaryc. demonstrative : effusived. deceptive: fallaciouse. blithe: melancholy48.RICOCHET : BULLET:;a. soar: falconb. aim;crossbowc. pierce:dartd. carom: balle. catapult:missile

49. JUGGERNAUT:INEXORABLE ::a. cosmonaut: worldlyb. colossus: giganticc. demagogue : liberald. philistine : cultivatede. despot : immaculate50.APOCRYPHAL:AUTHENTICITY::a. nefarious ; wickednessb. dogmatic : assertivenessc. hypocritical : integrityd. perspicacious : discernmente. deceptive : artifice

Anology / part 2

1 D 21 C 41 A2 B 22 A 42 C3 E 23 E 43 A4 B 24 B 44 C5 B 25 C 45 A6 A 26 D 46 B7 B 27 B 47 C8 C 28 D 48 D9 E 29 C 49 B

10 C 30 A 50 C11 A 31 A12 E 32 C13 B 33 B14 C 34 D15 A 35 D16 E 36 C17 B 37 D18 D 38 B19 D 39 A20 A 40 A

Chapter-9

In each of the questions, there are 4/5 statements A,B,C, and E that have to be arranged in a logical order to make sensible paragraph or in some the questions, there are four statements A, B, C, and D that have to be arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between statements 1 and 6.

1. A. This information was provided by PTI.B. The tie – up allows orange subscribers to track their accounts.C. The same service is also to be launched in Delhi.D. ICICI launched mobile commerce service in a tie – up with orange.a. ADBC b. DBCA c. BDCA d. DCBA

2. A. Fiscal deficit has touched an all time high.B. I hope India does not go the south East Asian way.C. There were no steps taken in the budget to curb fiscal deficit.D. The country is slowing going into a dept trap.a. DABC b. ABDC c. ACDB d. ABCD

3. A. Lathger.com is poised to roll out its internet service.B. It will be the first ISP to offer – free service.C. Free connectivity will be offered from next month.D. Customers are waiting to avail of this service.a. BACD b. ABCD c. CADB d. BADC

4. A. Otherwise the congress would not have opposed PSU disinvestment today.B. It is clear that there is no consensus on economic reform.C. Nor would allies of ruling NDA oppose privatization.D. All this would stop India from becoming the next super power.a. ABCD b. ABDC c. BACD d. BCAD

5. A. But not his prescription.B. Nobody knows this better than JP himself.C. JP’s diagnosis of what is wrong with India remains as true in the new millennium as it was 40years ago.D. Judged on the touchstone of what he set out to do, his career cannot be regarded as a success.a. DBCA b. CADB c. DABC d. ABCD

6. A. He was always draped in a modest but decent suit. B. Lean and intense, Menon was endowed with a remarkable presence.C. His eyes piercing, and his forehead broad, merging into the disheveled, silvery lock of hair.

D. His hawked nose, sensuous lips, heavy voice, tapering fingers, always busy explaining ideas, and moods supplemented his extraordinary mind.a. BACD b. ADCB c. ACDB d. BCDA

7. A. She will be remembered for being a trendsetter.B. Hailing from a modest middle class background, her success led to a chain reaction.C. Young girls constrained by custom to stay at home have dared to run.D. It is a revolution that has but one catalyst – Usha.a. BDAC b. DBCA c. DABC d. ABCD

8. A. It’s a nightmare in the sky.B. For, Iridium, a project build to provide telephone service to any nook ad corner on the globe, was like a sci-fi adventure.C. A technological meltdown.D. A $5 billion mega dream came to nought.a. BCAD b. BACD c. ADCB d. ACDB

9. A. The computer took 45 hours of non- stop computation.B. The computer was not allowed to learn from experience.C. This is not really surprising, because with eleven items of clothing the number of possible combination is given by multiplying 11 x 10 x 9 x 8 and so on, which gives over 39 million combinations.D. Someone once used the IBM computer to work out the number of ways of getting dressed with eleven items of clothing.a. BDAC b. DCAB c. DBCA d. DACB

10.A. In his first inaugural address he concluded with an eloquent plea: “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.”B. John F . Kennedy, Democratic victor in the election of 1960, was at 43, the youngest man ever to win the presidency.C. On television, in a series of debates with opponent Richard Nixon, he appeared able, articulate and energetic.D. In a campaign, he spoke of moving aggressively into the new decade, for ‘the new frontier is here whether we seek it or not.’a. DABC b. BCDA c. CABD d. BACD

11.A. Of course, sitting out in the country I possessed less information than anyone else at headquarters about.What was on going on, but they called me anyway.B. But as soon as I arrived at my country house, the telephone began ringing.

C. And it kept right on ringing with questions from people back at the office about the most mundane matters.D. In the summer of 1981, the first year became president of SAS, I decide to take a 2 – week vacation.a. DBAC b. DCAB c. DBCA d. DABC

12.A. I have a photograph of Dad striding across the courtyard of Buckingham palace dacked out for this Event.B. He is wearing civil court dress, with knee breeches, black stockings and patent leather shoes, and on his chest is a row of medals that had been given to him by various countries where IBM did business.C. T.J. Watson, the former sewing machine salesman, had arrived.D. While I was on the boat to Europe my father proudly attended the first morning reception given by George 6th , the new king of England.a. ACDB b. ADCB c. DABC d. ABCD

13.A. It would be possible to reduce the annual number of traffice fatalities to virtually zero by passing federalLegislation mandating a nationwide 15-mile per hour speed in it on all roads.B. There are counter examples to the principle of the sancity of life, which are even more embarrassing to pro- life advocates.C. Those who oppose abortion upon demand make the foundation of their arguments the sancity of humanLife, but this seemingly bedrock assumption is actually as week as shifting sand.D. And it is not necessary to invoke the red herring that many antabortion speakers would allow that human life must sometimes be sacrificed for a greater good, as in the fighting of a just war.a. BACD b. DBAC c. ACDB d. CDBA

14.A. Teenagers appear to lay great store on personal grooming.B. Teens are also richer about 32% this year.C. But when compared to their American counterparts Indian teens spend more on knowledge acquisition.D. A whopping 90% of teens of India get pocket money.a. ADBC b. ADCB c. DBAC d. DCBA

15.A. The unfolding Enron scandal brings new meaning to 2 favourite Americans sayings: ‘ What goes arount comes around’ and ‘People in glass houses should not throw stones.’B. countries were told to follow the American model, use American auditing firms, bring in America entrepreneurs to teach them how to run their companies.

C. Remember the East Asian crisis, when the US treasury and its IMF allies blamed that regions problem on crony capitalism, lack of transparency and poor corporate governance.D. Never mind that under the leadership of their own entrepreneurs, East Asia grow faster than any other region over the previous 3 decades.a. ABCD b. BDCA c. CBDA d. ACBD

16.A. 2 way communication channels need to be consciously developed the maintained.B. Performing employees at the operational level must not only be rewarded and shown a visible career path, but must be consciously developed to exercise higher responsibility.C. These people often perform better than MBA inductees, the promising among them are able to apply conceptual inputs through the lens of experiential reality.D. One progressive India retailer has actually run a two week external course on retail marketing for Promising supervisory personnel and people who have responded positively have been quickly promoted to higher positions.E. Open houses, get – together outside the work place ( team picnics and so on), employee suggestions. Boards all play a role in this regard.a. BDCAE b. AEDBC c. DCAEB d. AEDCB

17.A. The problem lies in their ostentatious spending habits, even more condemnable when this vulgar displayOf wealth coexists amidst such poverty and deprivation.B. Consumerism is the new Bahman.C. There is nothing wrong with the New Rich: they are a dynamic layer of an emerging economy.D. ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ is the magic mantra of upward mobility.E. Functions are becoming more ostentatious by the day, with

nouvea rich ingenuity focused on novel ways to upstage rivals.a. EDABC b. BADCE c. DCBAE d. CABDE

18.A. The markets are not just wiring economies together ad altering the structures of companies but changing entire political systems.B. But, as the experience of South Korea shows, figure probably underestimate the impact of the capital markets on the world.C. The speed of movement is faster, the ratio of capital to traded goods bigger and the consequences of aMistake more devasting.D. Everything about global capital markets seems to be breaking

records these days.

E. The amount of capital in circulation is greater than ever before.a. DECBA b. AEDBC c. ADEBC d. EACDB

19.A. After nearly a decade of reforms, scams still come around at regular intervals.B. The latest scams in the Mumbai stock exchange have provided an opportunity for SEBI to take forward.The process of stock market reform.C. SEBI’s response to the scam was thus, quite predictably, to restrain broker directors of the BSE from functioning as directors.D. The cornerstone of this process, as it has emerged, is the separation of the brokers from the regulators.E. But while this commitment to reform is admirable, there are some less comforting facts that cannot be easily brushed.a. ABDCE b. BDCEA c. CDEBA d. BCEDA

20.A. There are many poor children in this country who die of this disease because their families cannot afford the cure.B. Childhood leukaemia for them is a lifelong ailment for it will kill them young.C. They will never have the opportunity to grow up into adulthood.D. Their families are too poor to afford the required drugs even though these drugs are readily available.E. Who knows what these children would have grown up to be if they had a chance to fight back?a. ACDBE b. ABCDE c. AEDBC d. ADBCE

21.A. The last election to yield a parliamentary majority to any party was in 1984.B. Instability came much later.C. Does India need to change its electron cycle so as to give itself a new political rhythm, which will cut short the lives of lame duck administrations?D. The five subsequent election have led to coalition or minority governments.E. India experienced remarkable political stability in is initial

years with only three prime ministers in the 1st 3 decades.a. CEBAD b. EDABC c. ABCDE d. EACBD

22.A. As soon as a website has been developed, it has to go through a series of tests, similar to those an automobile goes through, including a ‘crash’ test.B. Testing, in fact, becomes much more important in time based, business related sites, such as in the case of stock broking sites.

C. It’s as simple as testing an automobiles that’s just left the assembly line. At least the concept is the same.D. What’s interesting is that some firms have converted this need of any dotcom company into a business opportunity.E. However, the testing process after the development of the site can take a long time and in some cases. Prove expensive.a. CAEBD b. CADBE c. ABCDE d. BCADE

23.A. Evaluate the future prospects of the company in the news.B. If there’s been an unusually sharp moment, chances are that any interesting news has already been discounted in part.C. Before you rest to act on these reports, try to analyse the impact of any high profile news report on the company’s revenues and earnings.D. Avoid knee – jerk reaction to headlines.E. Fortune of business seldom hinge on one single factor.a. DABCE b. EABCD c. DACEB d. ACDBE

24.A. Despite posting healthy profits, Volkswagen shares trade at a discount to peers due to a bad reputation among investors.B. A disastrous capital hike, an expensive foray into truck business and uncertainty about the reason for a share buyback have in recent years left investors bewildered.C. The main problem with Volkswagen is the past.D. Many investors have been disappointed and frightened away.E. Volkswagen shares trade at about 9 times the 2002 estimated

earnings, compared to BMW’s 19 and are the 2nd cheapest in the sectors.a. ACDBE b. EBACE c. CBDEA d. ACBDE

25.A. There is a debate on ; however muted it is in the smoke and the cordite of the war of attrition that calls itself an intifada.B. Mainstream Palestinians, from the leadership to the grass roots, recognize they cannot drive the jews into the sea, however much they like it.C. There is a logic to their double talk. D. Israel is there to stay, and somehow, sometime, they have to find a way to live alongside it.E. But the primary differences are over tactics, the efficacy of violence, not the ethics of it.a. DBCAE b. AECBD c. BDCAE d. CBDAE

CHAPTER - 9Parajumbles / part 1

1 B 11 C 21 A

2 C 12 C 22 A3 B 13 D 23 C4 C 14 D 24 A5 B 15 D 25 D6 D 16 A7 D 17 D8 D 18 A9 D 19 A10 D 20 D

Chapter-9In each of the questions, there are four/five statements A,B,C,D and E that have to be arranged in a logical order to make sensible paragraph or in some the questions. There are 4 statements A,B,C and D that have to be arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between statements 1 and 6.

1. 1. As IT professional, the job entails long hours of sitting in front of the computer.

A. This would lead to a lifetime of pain.B. This is the worst thing for your back.C. Because you would remain tense and strained in position.D. To avoid this go to the Godrej showroom today.6. Godrej has designed ergonomics chairs to ease pressures.

a. BCAD b. ABCD c. CABD d. ABDC2. 1. Patel performed a similar feat with service.

A. His successful defense of the officers and his stand that ‘my secretary can write a note opposed to my Views’ evoked a cooperation from all service.

B. Following independence, freedom fighters, now turned into MPs and MLAs demanded stringent action.

Against the Raj’s officers who had repressed them.C. But the officers were needed to run the new India, and

Patel fought for the incorporation in the new constitution of an article that made it difficult for politicians to punish officers.

D. Intriguingly, Patel managed while enlisting the bureaucracy, to retain his hold, over its natural adversary. The reigning political party.

6. In broad terms, the distribution of influence in the Nehru – Patel domain of the India 1947 – 50 saw Patel controlling the services and the congress party, and Nehru enjoying the confidence of the masses and intelligentsia.

a. ABCD b. DCAB c. BCAD d. DBAC

3. 1. When on July 2, 1940, Subhas was arrested it was for the 11th time.

A. He was sent home on December 5 after he had been on a fast unto death for 10 days.

B. The government has worked out ‘a-cat-and-mouse policy’ of taking him back to prison as soon as he had recovered his health.

C. On the night of January 16-17, 1941, Subhas however made a planned escape.

D. He was driven from his Elgin Road home in Calcutta by his nephew Sisir to Gomon in Bihar from where he went to Peshawar.

6. He finally reached Germany.a.ABDC b. ABCD c. BDAC d. DBAC

4. 1. Posterity will remember Jayaprakash Narayan – if at all – as the apostle of one more revolution that never was.

A. Like Gandhi he declined to seek or hold public office.B. The wits even claimed there were three centres of

authority during Morarji Desai’s troubled pime minister ship – the lok sabha , the rajya sabha and jaslok sabha, the last named after the Mumbai hospital where JP spent much of his time.

C. The faithful regard him as the best Priminister India never had.

D. Others saw him as an extra – constitutional centre of power like Sanjay Gandhi.

6. He was heir to an ancient and formidable legacy.a. ABCD b. BDAC c. CADB d. DBAC

5. 1. If one leg of the Maastricht Treaty was economic, the 2nd was political – the Soviet Union’s collapse and, in mid – 1991, the erstwhile East Germany’s merger with its western counterpart restoring the traditional Germany.

A. President Mitterand and Chancellor Kohl of Germany were the two principal proponents of the Maastricht treaty, which aims at not only monetary union but also at integration of foreign, defence and social policies of the member countries.

B. The prospects of a dominant, ultra – nationalist Germany were not too welcome in many European capitals, given the history of the 2 World Wars in this century.

C. The French, in particular, were worried – and so was Chancellor Kohl of Germany, who also felt that the solution to the problems was closer integration of Germany within the EC.

D. If German union spurred a move towards a single European currency, ironically enough, it was also the root cause of the problems that have developed since Maastricht.

6. In retrospect, it seems that the political leadership in European countries were too far ahead of the people in these countries in setting the ambitious goals of Maastricht.

a. CBDA b. ABCD c. BCAD d. CADB

6. 1. Yahoo and Ebay are two of the most popular consumer sites.

A. Another way is to track number of hits per day.B. This information provided by A.C. Nielsen.C. A.C. Nielsen is the world’s leading market research firm.D. Market research is very important to realize the potential

of websites.

6. But hits are not a very true indicator of success.a. BACD b. DBAC c. BCDA d. ACDB

7. 1. There is this story of Rip van Winkle, who went to sleep and woke up 20 years later.

A. Not surprisingly, he found his village changed and was for a while completely disoriencted.

B. For years, it was lulled into a sense of complacency by an atmosphere where change was not a Challenge.

C. The Indian corporate sector is caught in this Rip van Winkle syndrome.

D. Fortunately for him, an old lady who had survived through his slumber helped him learn and cope.

6. Perhaps reforms with its dynamism took it by surprise – Indian corporates are still walking up to the new realities of doing business.

a. DABC b. CBAD c. ADCB d. ADBC

8. A. A good budget is one which makes a sincere attempt to change the policy environment

B. Government finances are terminally impaired with uncontrollable fiscal deficits.

C. There are big gaps in perception and capability of managers.

D. Industry too is not ready to deliver growth, should even the government pursue the right policies.

E. The current reform pace is to slow.F. The fiscal deficit has deteriorated.

a. ABCDEF b. BADCEF c. FEDCBA d. EABCDF

9. A. This man usually knocks on your door in the evenings.B. Of this educational background, he reveals nothing.C. He carries a briefcase that bulges around the middle and

seems to come off at the clips.D. Or he approaches you during the lunch break at the

office.E. The image of the traditional insurance agent is all too

familiar.F. In it, the ‘LIC agent” carries an incredible quantity of

papers.a. EBADCF b. ECFADB c. EADCFB d. EABCFD

10. 1. Dilly Dallying has become the rule.A. But there have been cases when the agencies have shown

diligence and taken proper action.

B. So the SEBI chairman did state the truth, albeit, retrospectively.

C. Inaction is blamed on the laws inadequacy of infirmities.D. The rarity of such instances makes them difficult to

recall.6. It was more a sigh of relief.

a. BCAD b. CADB c. ADCB d. BADC

11. A. The object of the walk on the water race is to design shoes that enable a person to traverse the surface of a swimming pool.

B. It is actually an annual race sponsored by the University of San Diego.

C. The individual or ‘shoe pilot’ that crosses the pool in the shortest time is declared the winner – and legally insane.

D. This is no bunch of would – be sadhus.a. ACBD b. BACD c. DABC d. DBAC

12. 1. The effect can be rather indirect.A. This revenge is not taken on the parents who caused the

damage because they are now old or dead.B. This happens in human populations, too, that juveniles

are ill – treated in a way that leads violent revenge.C. Instead, it is taken on parent – substitutes.D. For instance, one of the results of animal overcrowding is

that parental care suffers and the young do not receive the usual love and attention.

6. Violence against these individuals appears senseless.a. DCBA b. CBDA c. DBAC d. BACD

13. 1. Look at any industry and you will see three kinds of companies.

A. They are the oligarchy.B. Next are the rule takers, the companies that pay homage

to the industrial ‘lords’.C. IBM, CBS, United Airlines, Merill Lynch, Sears, Coca –

Cola, and the like are the creators and procreators of industrial orthodoxy.

D. First are the rule makers, the incumbents that built the industry.

6. Fujitsu, ABC, US, Air, Smith Barney, J.C. Penney, and numerous others are those peasants.

a. DCAB b. DCBA c. CBDA d. BCAD

14. A. For 25 years, he painstakingly amassed evidence to support it.

B. This concept did not become clear in Darwin’s mind until long after he had left the Galapagos.

C. After a great number of generations tortoises on the arid islands will have longer necks than those on the watered islands.

D. And so on species will have given rise to another.a. ACBD b. CDBA c. DBAC d. DCAB

15. A. His comments echo those of the so – called “sage of Omaha” in a famous letter to investors.

B. The overall point is relevant – pensioners are rioting in the streets, unemployment reaches record levels and the country is thrown into its worst recession ever thanks to a misreading by a derivatives trader.

C. Warren Buffet doesn’t appear in the credits of , The Man Who Broke Britain, a BBC Two’s ‘docudrama’ charting the antics of a fictional rogue trader.

D. But his sentiments run through the film, to be screened tomorrow night, like champagne through a trader’s veins on a great day.

E. Derivatives, a main protagonist warms, are the financial equivalent of weapons of mass Destruction.

a. CDEAB b. CEADB c. AEDCB d. ACEDB

16. A. The power that ruled the world could not really in the shape of just one of oits dependent creatures, but rather be complete in itself.

B. Elsewhere on the Mediterranean shore, similarly indignant Prophets denied that God had any picturable image or rose from nothing.

C. No image of zeus as man – like, bull – like or a golden rain could be acceptable.

D.Xenophanes of colophon (570-478 BC), like Clement, despised myths.

a. DACB b. CBAD c. DBAC d. BCAD

17. A. Research has shown that innovation follows a regular brainstorming ‘cycle’ and the companies that consistently succeed at innovation follow a specific process.

B. They then select from these ideas, the one that seems to be the most likely to succeed.

C. Its members generate as many good ideas they can.D. They return to the idea generation stage, except that now

they focus on good ideas about this one good idea.a. ABCD b. ACBD c. BDCA d. ACDB

18. 1. And this brings me to the point at which I asked.

A. On the whole, it must be admitted, we do very little.B. But more and better machines will only gives us still

more time and still more energy, and what are we to do with them?C. The answer, I think, is that we should try to become more

civilized.D. “What do we do with all the time which the machines

have saved for us and the new energy they have given us”6. For the machines themselves, and the power which the

machines have given us, are not civilization but aids to civilization.a. DCBA b. DACB c. DABC d. CDBA

19. 1. The train had just left Nagpur.A. The horizon lay interspersed with silken clouds – plain

white balls of unblemished cotton.B. It would be some time before reached Hyderabad, my

destination.C. It was as if I was in the midst of a celestial play.D. The deep blue sky spread over the craggy Deccan

expanse.6. The sun was as its playful best.

a. ADCB b. BCDA c. ACBD d. BDAC

20. 1. Witness the market contrast between the stability of governments in states ruled by regional parties and those by the national parties.

A. There is no superior authority to whom the dissident MLA can go to with his complaints.

B. Invariably, they enforce party discipline with a firm hand.

C. It is not that the former leaders are paragons of democratic virtues.

D. Yet, they are directly responsible and accountable to the legislators.

6. Looked at another way, the tendency to control from above is a reflection only of leadership insecurities.

a. ABCD b. BCAC c. CDBA d. ABCD

21. 1. The first thing thast strikes you as your Airbus lands at Don Muang Airport is the heat and the humidity.

A. Japanese tour groups, complete with Nike shoes and matching bags; huge contingents form mainland China easily distinguishable with their obsession with khaki, animated Malaysians, colourful smatterings of Indonesians and Koreans and the rest.

B. In Thailand, it is either hot and humid, very hot and humid or mild and humid.

C. Many of thousand of tourists descending upon a kingdom which must boast the most successful tourism industry in the world.

D. Almost as overwhelming is the rush of humanity as you approach the immigration clearance area.

6. The inclement weather apart, Thailand is overstuffed with cars, choked with auto pollution, and always in a state of flux.

a. CBAD b. CADB c. CDAB d. BDCA

22. A. The new legislation would have the effect of banning some departments of the federal government from outsourcing work to poor countries.

B. The annual jamboree of Nasscom, the lobby for IT and services firms held in Mumbai this week, has for years been a forum for self – congratulation.

C. Therefore this year’s change in tone marked by dismay about what is seen as an American effort to change the rules of the game is interesting.

D. The catalyst for this was one small part of an omnibus spending bill passed by the US Senate late last month.

E. The reason is simple India’s software and, more recently, “outsourcing firms” – call centers, back office processing, technical support and the like – are an unfailing source of pride, able to make up the fastest growing segment of what is now a booming economy.

a. BEDCA b. BADEC c. AEDCB d. ACDEB

23. A. In a case no money can be recovered by these means, the courts could jail the mother or father.

B. Parents of child vandals face being jailed under government proposals announced yesterday to force Parents to take responsibility for the behavior of their children.

C. The mothers and father of children under 10 who are found deliberately damaging property will be made to pay victims upto $ 500 compensation.

D. Magistrates will be expected to allow property to be sized from their homes or cash deductions made from their wages.

E. If they refuse or fail to pay, the government will allow the courts to take tough action against them.

a. BCEDA b. BEDCA c. BAEDC d. BEADC24. A. They should then immediately speak to the parents of the

alleged offender. B. They cannot send a juvenile to Tihar jail and let him or

her spend time with hardened criminals.C. Once the police arrest somebody, it is the responsibility

of the officer to inquire about the person’s age.D. The role of a police has to be that of a reformer.

a. ACBD b. CBDA c. CADB d. BACD

25. 1. Women’s groups in Spain sued a Muslim Imam, Mohammad Mustafa.

A. The Imam says he was not advising men to beat their wives.

B. His book, women and Islam gives instructions to husbands.

C. They accused him of inciting violence towards women.D. He advises, for example, that a beating – administered

with a ‘fine and light’ rod – on the feet is better than one around the face because bruises would be less visible.

6. He wanted to just to tell them how to do it as a last report, and under strict guidelines.

a. ACDB b. BACD c. CABD d. CBDA

Parajumbles / part 1

1 A 11 D 21 D2 C 12 C 22 A3 B 13 A 23 A4 C 14 B 24 C5 C 15 A 25 D6 C 16 A7 C 17 B8 C 18 C9 B 19 D10 B 20 C

Chapter – 10

Passage 1Work expands so as to fill the time available fo its completion. The general recognition of this fact is shown in the proverbial phrase, “It is the busiest man who has time to spare.” Thus, an elderly lady at leisure can spend the entire day writing a postcard to her niece. An hour will be spent in finding the postcard, another hunting for spectacles, half an hour to search for the address, an hour and a quarter in composition and twenty minutes in deciding whether or not to take an umbrella whengoing to the pillar box in the street. The total effort that would occupy a busy man for 3 minutes, all told , may in this fashion leave another person completely exhausted after a day of doubt, anxiety and toil.

1. Explain the sentence: ‘Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion’.

A. The more work there is to be done, the more the time needed.

B. Whatever time is available for a given amount of work, all of it will be used.

C. If you have more time, you can do more work.D. I f you have some important work to do, you should

always have some additional time.2. Who is the person likely to take more time to do work:

A. A busy man B. A man of leisureC. An elderly person D. An exhausted person

3. What does the expression ‘pillar box’ stand for?A. A box attached to the pillar B. A box in the

pillarC. Box office D. A pillar-type

post box4. What happens when the time to be spent on some work

increases?A. The work is done smoothly B. The work is

done leisurelyC. the work consumes all the time D. The work needs

additional time.5. What is the total time spent by the elderly lady in writing

a postcard?A. 3 minutes B. 4 hour and 5 minutesC. ½ an hour D. A full day

Passage 2Joti, a gardener’s son, was once invited to attend the marriage ceremony of a Brahmin friend. As he loved his friend dearly, he attended the function. The bridegroom was being led in a procession to the bride’s house. This

procession consisted of men, women, and children mostly Brahmin. Joti was also walking along with the procession.One orthodox Brahmin recognized him and was annoyed at the sight of a low caste boy walking with the Brahmins in the marriage procession. Unable to contain himself, he shouted, “How dare you walk along with us? You are not our equal. Ge behind! Otherwise go away”. Joti felt insulted. He left the procession and returned home.He narrated the whole incident to his father with anger in his eyes. However, his father advised him to observe old customs. That night Joti could not sleep. What could he do for the equality of human beings? Caste system was deep-rooted. As the lower caste people were not educated, they had accepted this mental slavery for ages. Joti therefore resolved to revolt against this mental slavery and educate the lower caste people. He became the first Indian to start a school for the untouchables as well as a girls’ school in Maharashtra. We recognize him today as Mahatma Phule.

1. According to the passage, what has made low caste people accept mental slavery?

a. Poverty b. Old customs c. Apathy of changed. Lack of education e. Supremacy of the Brahmins

2. What kind of a man was Joti’s father?a. A man of revolutionary ideasb. One who advised him to start a school for the untouchablesc. A man who did not want Joti to break old traditionsd. A man not in favour of Joti attending the marriage ceremonye. One who was also present in the marriage procession

3. What did Joti do after his insult?a. Left the procession and went to his friendb. Tried to take a revenge on his friendc. Decided not to join any such marriage processions in future d. Involved himself actively in the freedom movemente. Engaged himself in social service

4. Why did Joti attend the marriage?a. He was advised by his father accordinglyb. He was invited by the father of the bridec. The bridegroom was a good friend of Joti d. Not mentioned in the passagee. None of these

5. Why could Joti not sleep that night?a. He had to attend the marriage of his friendb. He wanted to do something for the lower caste peoplec. The Brahmin insulted his friendd. His father was sicke. He was not getting any help for his school

6. Why was the Brahmin annoyed with Joti?a. He left the marriage procession abruptlyb. He insulted his friend

c. He did not invite the Brahmin for the marriage processiond. He was an uninvited gueste. He was walking along with orther Brahmins in the marriage

procession7. According to the passage, why did Joti quit the marriage

procession?a. He was asked accordingly by his friendb. He could not tolerate his insultc. He had to see his ailing fatherd. His father warned him against attending that marriagee. He had no faith in such customary rituals

8. What does the author highlight in this passage?a. Joti’s contribution to the upliftment of the people of lower

classesb. Poverty of lower class people in Indiac. Need for separate schools for girlsd. Merits of caste system in Indiae. Need for unity among different sections of people in India

9. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a. The bridegroom was Joti’s classmateb. Joti’s father was also invited to the marriagec. Mt. Phule started a school for the untouchablesd. Joti did not say anything about the incident to his fathere. The Brahmin who insulted Joti was the bride’s father

Passage 3The last half of my life has been lived in one of those painful epochs of human history during which the world is getting worse, and past victories which had seemed to be definitive have turned out to be only temporary. When I was young, Victorian optimism was taken for granted. It was thought that freedom and prosperity would spread gradually throughout the world through an orderly process, and it was hoped that cruelty, tyranny, and injustice would continually diminish. Hardly anyone was haunted by the fear of great wars. Hardly anyone thought of the 19th century as a brief interlude between past and future barbarism.

1. The author feels sad about the latter part of his life because:a. he was nostalgic about his childhoodb. the world had not become prosperousc. the author had not won any further victoriesd. the world was painfully disturbed during that period of time

2. The victories of the past:a. Brought permanent peace and prosperityb. Ended cruelty, tyranny and injusticec. Proved to be temporary eventsd. Filled men with a sense of pessimism

3. The word ‘definitive’ used in the passage means:a. Defined b. Finalc. Temporary d. Incomplete

4. During the Victorian age people believed that:a. Strife would increaseb. There would be unlimited freedomc. Wars would be fought on a bigger scaled. Peace would prevails and happiness would engulf the whole

world5. ‘A brief interlude between past and future barbarism’ can be interpreted as:

a. a short period of time between past and future acts of savageryb. a short space of time between 2 great eventsc. an interval between cruel warsd. a dramatic performance during wars

Passage 4It is not luck but labour that makes men. Luck, says an American writer, is ever waiting for something to turn up; labour with keen eyes and strong will always turns up something. Luck lies in bed and wishes the postman would bring him news of a legacy; labour turns out at six and with busy pen ad ringing hammer lays the foundation of competence. Luck whines, labour watches. Luck relies on chance, labour on character. Luck slips downwards to self-indulgence; labour strides upwards and aspirers to independence. The conviction, therefore is extending that diligence is the mother of good luck. In other words, that a man’s success in life will be proportionate to his efforts, to his industry, to his attention to small things.

1. Which one of the following statements sums up the meaning of the passage?a. Luck waits without exertion, but labour exerts without

waitingb. Luck waits and complains without working while labour

achieves success although it complainsc. Luck is self-indulgent, but labour is selflessd. Luck often ends in defeat but labour produces luck.

2. Which one of the following words in the passage indicate that the writer does not ultimately reject the element of luck?a. ‘luck… is ever waiting’b. ‘luck whines’c. ‘diligence is the mother of good luck’d. ‘luck … wishes the postman would bring him news’

3. Which one of the statements is true about the passage?a. luck is necessary for successb. success depends only on hard luckc. expectation of good luck always meets with disappointmentd. Success is exactly proportionate to hard work.

4. ‘… Labour turns out at six and with busy pen and ringing hammer lays the foundation of competence.’ What does this statement mean?a. Hard work of all kinds makes people efficientb. Labour lays the foundation of the buildingc. The writer ad the labourer are the true eyes of the societyd. There is no worker who works so hard as the labourer who

begins his day at six in the morning.Passage 5The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs. 1000 crore in their resources generation- and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extent – will not surprise many. That is a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome too has been predictable – with the railway budget doing its duty by doling out public money. But it is time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.The railways have, over the last few month, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs.85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continues. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic has contributed to the shortfall. All this may not be new concerns for the railways; the relevant point. However, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsides on passenger traffic-the expenditure which really digs into the government’s coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90% of the railways’ losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove easier if this year’s budget exercise is any indication. Till now2, 16 commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on 4 was removed. Prices aid not rise, there was little protest and now the railways ought to be emboldened to do more. Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates haven been hiked very few times and that too only in recent years.One area where the railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs.121 crores.To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.

1. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as phrase ‘played out’ as it has been used in the passage?

a. enacted b. repeated c. dramatizedd. done e. predicted

2. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the railway operation?a. Reduction in goods traffic is not a new phenomenonb. Passenger traffic has shown an increase in recent yearsc. Rates per tonne of goods carried has come downd. Railways are aware of the problem of reduction in incomee. None of these

3. How does the cut in freight traffic affect the shortfall?a. by increasing the incomeb. by reducing the expensec. simultaneously increasing income and reducing expensed. by reducing dependence on the Central Governmente. None of these4. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the shortfall in the railways resource generation?

a. It was higher than earlier yearsb. It is happening for the first timec. It was anticipated by most peopled. This is the largest shortfall ever to happene. None of these

5. How does the government expert to ‘economize its charity’?a. By requiring the railways to be self-sufficientb. By stopping the budget supportc. By showing its concern through the railway ministryd. By not doling out public moneye. By reducing the overall operation of the railways

6. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word ‘dip’ as it has been used in the passage?a. Drift b. slowness c. plunged. reduction e. tardiness7. Which of the following seems to be the major contributing factor towards the losses of the railways?a. passenger subsidesb. freight subsidesc. uneconomical linesd. all of the 3 are at the same levele. none of these8. What does the author suggest that the railways should do as regards freight subsidy?a. It should introduce subsidy for more itemsb. It should be very courageousc. It should remove or reduce subsidies of more itemsd. Author’s views are not explicite. none of these9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the passenger fare charged by the railways?a. It is excessively high now

b. First class passengers are not given any subsidyc. only second class passengers get subsidyd. poor people alone get subsidye. none of these10. What seems to be the ultimate consideration for allowing freight subsidy by the railways?a. Keeping the freight charges low b. Keeping the railways in lossesc. Keeping the prices of commodities lowd. Cannot be made out from the passagee. None of these11. Why do the government and railways not raise the passenger fares?a. It is anyway subsidizedb. It does not affect the railways very muchc. It is anyway making lossesd. It would affect a large number of peoplee. none of these12. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word ‘pruning’ as it has been used in the passage?a. stoppingb. economizingc. spendingd. profiteeringe. canceling13. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word ‘tricky’ as it has been used in the passage?a. Foolishb. Deceitfulc. Uselessd. Needlesse. difficult14. Which of the following has the OPPOSITE meaning to the word ‘digs’ as it has been used in the passage?a. donatesb. constructsc. levelsd. contributese. shares15. How many freight items are now subsidized by the railways?a. 16b. 4c. 10d. 20e. none of these

CHAPTER 10COMPREHENSION PART 1PASSAGE 1

1 B 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 DPASSAGE 2

1 D 2 C 3 E 4 C 5 B6 E 7 B 8 E 9 C

PASSAGE 3

1 D 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 APASSAGE 4

1 D 2 C 3 D 4 APASSAGE 5

1 B 2 B 3 E 4 C 5 A6 D 7 A 8 C 9 E 10 C11 D 12 B 13 E 14 D 15 E

Chapter 10PASSAGE 1Our body is a wondrous mechanism and when subjected to unusual stress over a period of time, it adapts itself to deal more effectively with that stress. So when you exert your muscles against resistance, they are forced to adapt and deal with this extraordinary work load. This is the principle of weight training. Strands of muscle fibres become thicker and stronger in response to the demands placed on them.One of the great merits of weight training is the strength of your heart. During weight training, your heart is forced to beat faster and stronger in order to pump sufficient blood to the muscles being worked. In time, your heart, like your body, will adapt to this extra-workload by becoming stronger and more efficient. Since your body needs a given amount of blood to perform its daily tasks your heart will now need fewer beats to pump the same quantity of blood. Sounds good? There’s more. Your entire circulatory system is given a thorough workout every time you exercise, which increases its overall efficiency. Even the neural paths from your brain’s command centers to each individual muscle become more effective, enabling easier recruitment of muscle fibres for carrying out physical tasks. In essence, your body becomes a well-oiled and finely-tuned piece of machinery, whirring along without any break-down. In today’s stress filled world, you need all the help you can get.

1. What is the principal training of weight lifting?a. adapting the body to muscle forceb. adapting muscles to force implied on themc. disposing extra-workloadd. mechanized response to external conditions

2. What affects the nature of muscle fibres?a. Intensity of workloadb. alimentary systemc. nutritiond. stress imposed on them

3. How does the heart become stronger owing to physical exercise?a. through acclimatizationb. naturalizationc. adapting to excessive workloadd. by accelerating the circulation of blood

4. How much blood does the heart pump at the same number of heartbeats, when exposed to excessive stress?

a. same quantityb. less than beforec. more than normald. none of these

5. What happens to our body due to physical exercise?a. more efficientb. less efficientc. efficiency of the body remains the samed. none of these

6. What does the term ‘well-oiled’ in the passage denote?a. healthyb. efficientc. massagedd. none of these

7. Which one of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?

a. health is wealthb. exercise-its benefitsc. the mechanics of weight trainingd. how to retain your health

8. In the present world, the importance of physical exercise hasa. increased b. decreasedc. remained at the same leveld. none of these

9. What, according to the passage, is the function of the heart?a. oxygenation of bloodb. pumping the blood to the musclesc. pumping the blood to capillariesd. accelerating the circulation of blood

10. What does the above passage suggest?a. we should carry out physical exercise as a routineb. physical exercise is necessary occasionallyc. we should ignore physical exercised. we should subject our body to as much exercise as it can withstand.

Passage 2

The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brother-hood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficult to achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his moral support. In establishing the social order of this pattern, there was a lively possibility of a conflict arising between groups and classes of our own people. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the former he sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes. A new order cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards property and, at some stage or the other, the ‘haves’ have to yield place to the ‘have-nots’. We have seen in our time, attempts to achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force.In the ultimate analysis it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that the instinct to possess has been rooted out or that it will not reappear in an even worse form under a different guise. It may even be that, like a gas kept confined within containers under great pressure, or water held by a big dam, once a barrier breaks, the reaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and maintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction.The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct. So long as the ideal that is to be achieved is one of securing the maximum material satisfaction, possessiveness is neither suppressed nor eliminated but grows on what it feeds. Nor dos it cease to be such- it is possessiveness, still, whether it is confined to only a few or is shared by many.If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by few or by all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by other or can be enjoyed only at the expense of others. This calls for substitution of spiritual values for purely material ones. The paradise of material satisfaction, that is sometimes equated with progress these days neither spells peace nor progress. Mt. Gandhi has shown us how the acquisitive instinct inherent in man could be transmuted by the adoption of the ideal of trusteeship by those who ‘have’ for the benefit of all those who ‘have not’ so that, instead of leading to exploitation and conflict, it would become a means and incentive for the amelioration and progress of society respectively.

1. According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive ifa. it is based on voluntary renunciationb. it is achieved by resorting to physical forcec. underprivileged people are not involved in its establishmentd. people’s outlook towards it is not radically changed

e. none of these2. According to the passage, why does man value his possessions

more than his life?a. he has inherent desire to share his possessions with othersb. he is endowed with the possessive instinctc. only his possessions help him earn love and respect from his

descendantsd. through his possessions he can preserve his name even after

his deathe. none of these

3. According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhi’s experiment?a. educating people to avoid class conflictb. achieving total political freedom for the countryc. establishment of an egalitarian societyd. radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards

truth and non-violencee. none of these

4. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the passage?a. true egalitarianism can be achieved by giving up one’s

possessions under compulsionb. man values his life more than his possessionsc. possessive instinct is a natural part of the human beingd. in the political struggle, the fight was against the alien rulee. the root cause of class conflict is possessiveness

5. According to the passage, true egalitarianism will last if a. it is thrust upon people b. it is based on truth and non-violencec. people inculcate spiritual values along with material valuesd. ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ live together peacefullye. none of these

6. According to the passage, people ultimately overturn the form of a social ordera. which is based on coercion and oppressionb. which does not satisfy their basic needs c. which is based upon conciliation and rapprochementd. which is not congenial to the spiritual values of the people e. none of these

7. According to the passage, the root cause of class conflict is a. the paradise of material satisfactionb. dominant inherent acquisitive instinct in manc. exploitation of the ‘have-nots’ by the ‘haves’d. a social order where the unprivileged are not a part of the

establishmente. none of these

8. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the passage?a. a new order can be established by radically changing the

outlook of people towards it b. adoption of the ideal of trusteeship can minimize possessive

instinctc. enforced egalitarianism can be the cause of its own

destructiond. ideal of new order is to secure maximum material

satisfaction e. none of these

9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is ‘true’?a. a social order based on truth and non-violence alone can

help the achievement of political freedomb. in establishing the social order of Gandhiji’s pattern, the

possibility of a conflict between different classes of society hardly exists

c. it is difficult to change the mind and attitude of men towards property

d. in an egalitarian society, material satisfaction can be enjoyed only at the expense of others

e. none of these10. According to the passage, what does “adoption of the ideal of

trusteeship” mean?a. equating peace and progress with material satisfactionb. adoption of the ideal by the ‘haves’ for the benefit of the

societyc. voluntary, enlightened renunciation of the possessive

instinct by the privileged classd. substitution of spiritual values by material ones by those

who live in the paradise of material satisfactione. none of these

Passage – 3The first thing the children wanted to do at the zoo was to ride the elephant. They were frightened as they climbed the ladder to take their seats on the swaying back of the huge beast. Elephants seem awkward creatures as they move along heavily, their legs covered with loose folds of tough skin and their trunk swinging from side to side in search of food or drink. An elephant has great strength in its trunk, and can drag heavy loads with ropes, but it can also use its trunk to pick up small articles such as coins or nuts from the ground. After their ride on the elephant, the children went to see the lions and tigers. Crowds of people stood watching, protected from the cruel beasts by the strong metal bars of the cages.From there, they went to seen the monkeys. Those merry creatures were jumping about the rocks, swinging on the wires of their cages, or begging for

nuts from the passers-by. If anyone annoyed them, they would scold him angrily and beat their chests with their hands.In the end, they saw some curious creatures like the giraffe with its long neck and the camel with its short beard.

1. Which of the following is the reaction of the monkeys when they get irritated?a. They jump about the rockb. They swing on the wire of the cagec. They beat their chestd. They beg from visitorse. They keep quiet

2. The cages of lions are made of strong metal bars in order toa. protect visitors from the lionsb. Protect lions from other animalsc. Ensure the durability f the cagesd. Enable the visitors to see the lionse. Enable lions to get fresh air

3. Which of the following is the chief function of the trunk of the elephant?a. Picking up small articles like coins from the groundb. Swaying from side to sidec. Dragging heavy loadsd. Eating food and drinking watere. Creating fear among other animals

4. The children were afraid of riding on the elephant asa. The elephant looked awkwardb. The back of the elephant was swayingc. The trunk of the elephant was wingingd. The elephant was dragging heavy loadse. Its legs were covered with loose folds

5. Which of the following is a ferocious animal?a. Giraffeb. Elephantc. Cameld. Monkeye. None of these

6. Which of the following does ‘not’ make the elephant awkward in appearance?a. Its long trunkb. Its swinging trunkc. Its heavy movementd. Loose folds on its legse. None of these

7. Which of the following is typical of the giraffe?a. Hump on the backb. Short beard

c. Tough skind. Swaying back e. Long neck

Passage 4To those who do listen, the desert speaks of things with an emphasis quite different from that of the shore, the mountain, the valley or the plains. Whereas these invite action and suggest limitless opportunity and exhaustless resources, the implications and the mood of the desert are something different. For one thing, the desert is conservative, not radical. It is more likely to provoke awe than to invite conquest. The heroism which it encourages is the heroism of the endurance, not that of conquest. It brings man up against this limitation, turns him in upon himself and suggests values which more indulgent regions suppress. Sometimes it induces contemplation in men who have never contemplated before. And of all the answers to the question-what is a desert good for –‘ contemplation’ is perhaps the best.

1. In order to receive the desert’s message the beholder needs to be a. Courageous in his reactionb. Conservative in his responsesc. A good listenerd. Sensitive of nature

2. The desert is unique among landscapes in that it encourages onlya. Contemplationb. Indolencec. Heroic endeavourd. Adventurous spirit

3. If one responds with insight to the mood of the desert, it evokesa. An inclination for deep thoughtb. The possibility of unending resourcesc. The desire for heroic conquestd. A sense of intense revulsion

4. The writer calls the desert ‘conservative’ rather than ‘radical’ because it provides an environment thata. Inspires man to explore itb. Offers unlimited opportunity to conquerc. Tests one’s endurance d. Makes one gloomy

5. What does the phrase “it brings man up against his limitations”, mean?a. It makes man feel hopeless about his limitationsb. It makes man aware of his limitationsc. It compels man to fight against his limitationsd. It persuades man to overcome his limitations

Passage 5

The best way of understanding our own civilization is to take an ordinary sort of day in the life of an ordinary sort of man, myself for instance, and to see what he does. My home is in London. I get up in the morning when an alarm clock rings on the table by my bed. It is quite a complicated machine and works perfectly. I get into a hot bath, the water for which has been heated by gas. The gas is supplied to me by the Gas Board for the area in which I live; it is part of a national system. The water is supplied by the City Water Board. After bathing, I shave – the water for my shave comes from a kettle which has been heated by electricity. As far as I am concerned, what happens is very simple: I put a plug in the wall and put on the switch and the electricity does the rest. I use a safety razor, the blade of which, made of very finely tempered steel, has been cut, together with millions of other blades, by machines. The clothes which I put on have also been spun and woven largely by steam or electrically driven machines.

1. The ‘I’ in this passage represents:a. A common manb. A rich personc. An automationd. A robot

2. The ideal way of understanding a civilization isa. To read its literatureb. To see how the people shave, bathe and dressc. To assess its technological progressd. To study the daily routine of an ordinary person

3. The ‘complicated machine’ in the passage refers toa. An electric kettleb. A safety razorc. An alarm clockd. Gas

4. The gas being ‘supplied by a national system’ means thata. It is supplied by a nationalist governmentb. It is supplied only nationally and not internationallyc. It is supplied all over the country by a central agencyd. It is supplied to only those who believe in a national system

5. The kind of life experienced by the writer is representative of a. An advanced urban societyb. A rural societyc. A semi-urbanized societyd. A socialist society

Passage 6The idea of evolution (which is gradual change ) was not a new one. The Greeks had thought of it, so had Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin, and also the Frenchman, Lamarck. It is one thing to have an idea; we can all guess and sometimes make a lucky guess. It is quite another thing to produce a proof of the correctness of that idea. Darwin thought he had that proof in his notebooks. He saw that all animals had to struggle to survive.

Those which were best at surviving their environment passed on the good qualities which helped them to their descendants. This was called ‘ the survival of the fittest’. For example, in a cold climate, those who have the warmest fur will live. Darwin believed that this necessity for an animal to deal with its environment explained the immense variety of creatures.

1. At the time that Darwin arrived on the scene, the idea of evolutiona. Was an unheard of ideab. Had already been proved beyond doubtc. Had been thought of but not provedd. Was not thought fit for exploration

2. According to Darwinian thought, the world of animals is marked bya. peaceful coexistence b. A struggle for survivalc. Indifference towards each other d. Love and friendship

3. The expression ‘the survival of the fittest’ means that-a. The strong will survive while the weak will perishb. The strong and the weak will live peacefullyc. The strong will help the weak survived. Both the strong and the weak will survive

4. In colder climatesa. All animals can surviveb. No animal can survivec. Only animals with fur can survived. Animals are hard to come by

5. Darwin thought that the environmenta. Has no effect on animalsb. Has lot of effect on animalsc. Has a marginal effect on animals d. Has an effect on man but not on animals

Passage 7Mikhail Gorbachev’s ouster, though dramatic in every respect, is on no account a surprise. Both his foes and his closest friends had been warning him of it with a heightening sense of urgency for the past several months. Its consequences, however, are wholly unpredictable. The Soviet Union could well witness protracted violence on a mass scale should the reformists and the republics, those which have sought varying degrees of sovereignty for themselves, choose to defy the central authority. It is possible that the country after an initial period of uncertainty, and perhaps even violence, could revert to the pre-Perestroika system. Equally uncertain is the course of East-West relations. These are bound to deteriorate though the extent of deterioration must remain a matter of conjecture. Hailed abroad as a leader who had dared to free Soviet citizens from fear, who had enabled the countries of Eastern Europe to become democracies even as they regained their full sovereign status, who had paved the way for the reunification of

Germany and who had exposed the moribund and totalitarian character of communism, he appeared, at home under fire from all sides.

1. Under Gorbachev’s term, the Soviet people were a. Afraid to speakb. Indisciplined and lazyc. Committed to communismd. Not afraid to criticize

2. The relations between the Soviet Union and Western countriesa. Are likely to remain unaffectedb. May improve considerablyc. Will definitely get worsed. Will fluctuate

3. The post-Gorbachev era may witnessa. A more open economyb. Reversal of Perestroikac. Greater role for reformersd. Sovereignty for republics

4. As a result of his policies, the countries of Eastern Europe becamea. Democratic and truly independentb. Authoritarian and inhumanc. United and totalitariand. Democratic but with a monarchy

5. The removal of Mikhail Gorbachev from power isa. Thrilling and extraordinaryb. Dramatic but expectedc. Vivid and shockingd. Strange and cruel

Passage 8Bansilal’s train was late and it reached Bombay a little after midnight. It was his first visit to the city, and he didn’t know where to go. He thought he would go to a choultry where he would not have to pay rent, but he did not know how to find one at that hour. He asked a porter to get him a cheap room. The porter asked him for 3 rupees to take him to 1. But Bansilal waved him away and walked out of the station. He wandered through the streets and asked a number of people, but could not find a room cheap enough for him.He sat down on a park bench to think of what he should do next. He was very tired and fell asleep on the bench. He woke up the next morning, stiff in every limb; but he smiled when he realized that it was the cheapest night’s lodging that he had ever had.

1. Bansilal could not get any accommodation for the night asa. All the hotels in the city were closedb. All the hotel room were bookedc. The hotels were too expensive for him to affordd. He wanted to spend the night in the open

2. In the passage, the word ‘choultry’ should mean

a. An expensive hotel b. A highway hotelc. A roadside eateryd. A free resting place

3. The porter refused to help Bansilal becausea. He was rude to the porterb. He had no previous acquaintance with the porterc. He spoke a language which the porter could not understandd. He refused to pay the porter any tip

4. The night in the opena. Refreshed Bansilalb. Gave him aches all over his bodyc. Made his limbs strongerd. Did not affect him at all

5. From the passage, Bansilal emerges asa. A thrifty personb. An extravagant spenderc. An adventurous persond. A fun loving person

COMPREHENSION PART 2PASSAGE 1

1 B 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 A6 A 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 A

PASSAGE 2

1 D 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 C6 A 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 B

PASSAGE 3

1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 E6 E 7 E            

PASSAGE 4

1 D 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 DPASSAGE 5

1 A 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 APASSAGE 6

1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 BPASSAGE 7

1 C 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 BPASSAGE 8

1 C 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 A

Chapter 11Passage 1Most of us use the products of science- railways, aeroplanes, electricity wireless and thousands of others- without thinking how they came into existence. We take them for granted, as if we were entitled to them as a matter of right. We are very proud of the fact that we live in an advanced age and are ourselves very advanced. Now, there is no doubt that our age is a very different one from previous ages and I think it is perfectly correct to say that it is far more advanced. But that is a different thing from saying that we as individuals or groups are more advanced. It would be the height of absurdity to say that because an engine driver can run an engine and Plato or Socrates could not, the engine driver is more advanced than, or is superior to, Plato or Socrates. But it would be perfectly correct to say that the engine itself is a more advanced method of locomotion than Plato’s chariot was.

1. Which one of the following statements is true?a. An engine driver is cleverer than Plato or Socratesb. Plato or Socrates are in no way inferior to “the engine

driver”c. Plato and Socrates surpassed the engine driver in every

respectd. The engine driver cannot be compared to Plato or Aristotle

2. In this passage, the author mentions Plato and Socrates to emphasize thata. They were men of great scholarshipb. People as individuals in the modern age are not more

advanced than their predecessorsc. The engine is a better mode of locomotion than Plato’s

chariotd. Plato Aristotle had greater respect for learning

3. According to the author, the present age is far more advanced thana. All the previous ages in some respectsb. The age of Socrates and Aristotle in some respectsc. Some of the previous ages in all respectsd. All the previous ages in all respects

4. Many of us make use of machinesa. With very little knowledge of their mechanismb. Without any knowledge of their historical significancec. With full knowledge of their genesisd. Without knowing how they were invented

5. People today are very proud because they livea. In a philosophically advance ageb. In a materially advanced agec. In a scientifically advanced aged. In a spiritually advanced age

Passage-2

Economists, ethicists and business experts persuade us that honesty is the best policy, but their evidence is weak. We hoped to find data that would support their theories ad thus, perhaps, encourage higher standards of business behaviour. To our surprise, their pet theories failed to stand up. Treachery, we found, can pay. There is no compelling economic reason to tell the truth or keep one’s word. Punishment for the treacherous in the real world is neither swift nor sure.Honesty is, in fact, primarily a moral choice. Business people do tell themselves that, in the long run, they will do well by doing good. But there is little factual or logical basis for this conviction. Without values, without a basic preference of right over wrong, trust based on such delusion would crumble in the face of temptation. Most of us choose virtue because we want to believe in ourselves and because others respect and believe us.And due to this, we should be happy. We can be proud of a system in which people are honest because they want to be, not because they have to be. Materially, too, trust based on morality provides great advantages. It allows us to join in great and exciting enterprises that we could never undertake if we relied on economic incentives alone.Economists tell us that trust is enforced in the market place through retaliation and reputation. If you violate a trust, your victim is apt to seek revenge and others are likely to stop doing business with you, at least under favourable terms. A man or woman with a reputation for fair dealing will prosper. Therefore, profit maximisers are honest. This sounds plausible enough until you look for concrete examples. Cases that apparently demonstrate the awful consequences of trust turn out to be few and weak, while evidence that treachery can pay seems compelling.

1. What do economists and ethicists, according to the passage, want us to believe?a. Businessmen should always be honestb. Businessmen cannot always be honestc. Businessmen turn dishonest at timesd. Businessmen are honest only at times

2. What did the author find out about the theory that ‘honesty is the best policy’?a. It is correct on many occasionsb. It is correct for all businessesc. It is a useless theoryd. It is a theory which seems to be correct only occasionally

3. Why are businessmen, according to the aughor, honest in their dealings?a. Businessmen are God-fearingb. Businessmen choose to be honestc. Businessmen are honest by natured. All businessmen are caught if they are dishonest

4. Which of the following, according to the author, is the reason for being honest in business?

a. It gives no immediate benefitsb. It gives long-term benefitsc. It makes a person self-seekingd. It earns the disrespect of others

5. Why does the author say that one can be proud of the present situation?a. People are self-respectingb. People are respect-seekersc. People are unselfish d. People are honest without compulsion

6. What is the material advantage which the author sees in being honest?a. It permits one to undertake activities which may not be

economically attractiveb. It permits one to be honest for the sake of honesty alonec. It permits one to make a lot of profit in various areasd. It permits one to form various trusts to make profits

7. Why do businessmen, according to economists, remain honest?a. Dishonest businessmen can make more moneyb. Dishonest businessmen make money in the long runc. Dishonest businessmen cannot stay in business for longd. Dishonest businessmen are flogged in the market place

8. Which of the following phrases is most nearly the ‘same’ in meaning as the word ‘persuade’ as it has been used in the passage?a. Give an assuranceb. Give an opinionc. Try to convinced. Cheat

9. Which of the following is ‘false’ according to the passage?a. Economists believe that all businessmen are dishonestb. Generally people are honest so as to earn self-respectc. Virtuous behaviour earns the respect of othersd. All dishonest men are not caught

10. Which of the following best describes what the author is trying to point out through the last sentence of the passage, ‘Cases that…compelling’?a. The consequences of dishonestyb. Theories do not seem to be truec. Economists predict correctlyd. The contradictions in the real world

Passage -3The greatest enemy of mankind, as people have discovered, is not science, but war. Science merely reflects the prevailing social forces. It is found that, when there is peace, science is constructive; when there is war, science is perverted to destructive ends. The weapons which science gives us do not

necessarily cause war; they make war increasingly terrible. Till now, it has brought us to the doorstep of doom. Our main problem, therefore, is not to curb science, but to stop war- to substitute law for force, and international government for anarchy in the relations of one nation with another. That is a job in which everybody must participate, including the scientists. But the bombing of Hiroshima suddenly woke us up to the fact that we have very little time. The hour is late and our work has scarcely begun. Now we are face to face with an urgent question-“Can education and tolerance, understanding and creative intelligence run fast enough to keep us abreast with our own mounting capacity to destroy?” That is the question which we shall have to answer one way or the other in this generation. Science must help us in arriving at the answer, but the main decision lies within ourselves.

1. According to the writer, the real enemy of mankind is not science but war, becausea. Science merely invents the weapons with which wr is foughtb. Science during wars becomes destructivec. The weapons that science invents necessarily lead to ward. The weapons invented by science do not cause war, though

these make it more destructive 2. War can be stopped if

a. Science is not allowed to lead us to utter destructionb. We replace force and lawlessness by law and international

governmentc. Science is restricted to be utilized only during war timed. Weapons invented by science are not used to launch a war.

3. According to the writer, the main problem we are faced with is to a. Stop science from reflecting social forcesb. Stop scientific activities everywherec. Abolish ward. Prevent scientists form participating in destructive activities

4. Our mounting sagacity to destroy can be kept under control bya. Encouraging social forcesb. Education and broad-mindednessc. Insight and constructive thinkingd. Both B and C (as above) together

5. The expression ‘bring to the doorstep of doom’ meansa. Carry close to death and destructionb. Lead to the threshold of a new destinyc. Indulge in a ruinous activityd. Introduces to an unpredictable destiny

6. Which one of the following statements is ‘not implied’ in the passage?a. People needlessly blame science for warb. Science is misused for destructive purposesc. Neither science nor the weapons it invents add to the horrors of

war

d. The role of science in ensuring world peace is subsidiary to that of man

7. Which of the following is OPPOSITE’ in meaning to the word ‘anarchy’ in the middle of the passage?a. Law and orderb. Political dominancec. Economic prosperityd. Communal harmony

8. The phrase ‘our work has scarcely begun’ implies that our worka. Has not yet begun b. Has only just begunc. Has been half-way throughd. Has begun, but not yet completed

9. The expression ‘keep us abreast’ in the passage meansa. Keep at a distanceb. Keep side by sidec. Hold out a challenged. Prevent from escaping

10. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage:a. Science and social forcesb. Science and the horrors of warc. Science and world peaced. Science and the new generation

Passage 4We develop the vital bond of attachment between a mother and her child through smiling response. As a visual stimulus the smile has attained its unique configuration principally by the simple act of turning up the comers of the mouth. The mouth is opened to some extent and the lips pulled back, as in the expression of fear, but with the curling-up of the corner, the character of the expression is radically changed. This development has in turn led to the possibility of another and contrasting facial posture- that of the down-turned mouth. By adopting a mouth line that is the complete opposite of the smile it is possible to signal an anti-smile. Just as laughing evolved out of crying and smiling out of laughing, so also the unfriendly face has evolved by a pendulum swing from the friendly face. But there is more to smiling than a line of the mouth. As adults, we may be able to convey our mood by a mere twist of the lips, but the infant throws much more into the battle. When smiling at full intensity, it also kicks and waves its arms about, stretches its hands out towards the stimulus and moves them about, produces babbling sounds, tilts back its head and protrudes its chin, leans its trunk forward or rolls it to one side and exaggerates its respiration. Its eyes become brighter and may close slightly; wrinkles appear underneath or along the eye and some-times also on the bridge of the nose; the fold of the skin between the sides of the nose and the side of the mouth becomes more accentuated, and the tongue may be slightly protruded. The

body movements seem to indicate a struggle on the infant’s part to make contact with the mother. With its clumsy physique, the baby is probably showing us all that remains of the ancestral private clinging response.

1. We recognize a smile bya. The turning up of the corners of the mouthb. Opening the mouth, stretching the lips making them longer and

curling up the cornersc. Stretching the lips and turning down the corners while at her

same time opening the mouth a littled. Kicking and moving the arms and stretching the hands towards

the opposite persone. By closing the eyes and making them brighter A adult can

convey his smile by2. An adult can convey his smile by

a. A mere twist of his lipsb. Twisting his lips upwardsc. Kicking his arms about, producing babbling noises and

breathing hardd. Adopting a mouth line completely opposite the anti-smile shape

3. Which statement is ‘TRUE’?a. A baby’s smile is more vigorous than that of an adultb. When compared to adults, a baby smiles more quietlyc. It is not possible to speak when one is smiling, especially when

the person is a babyd. Babies make babbling noises, tilt their heads back and protrude

their chin before they can smile 4. Smiling is an effort on the infant’s part to show

a. That it is happyb. Its mother is happyc. That it is struggling to make contact with its motherd. It attempts to develop a vital bond of attachment which its ape-

like ancestors tried to do by clinging to the mother5. Match the following with words fatally opposite in meaning

a. Laughing a. Smileb. Anti-smile b. Cryingc. Curling up c. Frown

d. Down-turnedPassage-5A vexed problem facing us is the clamour to open more colleges and to reserve more seats for backward classes. But it will be a sheer folly to expand such facilities recklessly without giving any thought to the quality of education imparted. If admissions are made far more selective, it will automatically reduce the number of entrants. This should apply particularly to new colleges, many of which are little more than degree factories. Only then can the authorities hope to bring down the teacher-student ratio to

manageable proportion. What is more, teachers should be given refresher courses every summer to brush up their knowledge. Besides, if college managements increase their library budget it will help both the staff ad the students a great deal.At the same time, however, it will be unfair to deny college education to thousands of young men and women, unless employers stop insisting on degrees even for clerical bobs. For a start, why cannot the government disqualify graduates from securing certain jobs, say Class III and IV posts? Once the link between degrees and jobs is severed, at least in some important departments, it will make young people think twice before joining college.1. What can automatically help to reduce admissions?

a. Tough entrance tests b. Discouragement to open new collegesc. Selective admissionsd. Abolishing reservation

2. How can the standards of education be raised?a. By admitting only the best students.b. By opening model institutionsc. By discouraging dull studentsd. By reducing the number of new entrants

3. How can teachers be helped to brush up their knowledge?a. By providing better library facilitiesb. By arranging refresher coursesc. By providing them more leisured. By persuasive measures

4. The author is not in favour of restricting admissionsa. Unless degrees are delinked from jobsb. Unless alternative opportunities are providedc. Unless other incentives are offeredd. Unless the teacher-student ration is changed

5. What does the phrase ‘vexed problem’ mean?a. An extraordinary problemb. A problem which is being discussed at lengthc. A difficult problemd. An irritating problem

CHAPTER 11PART 1PASSAGE 1

1 D 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C

PASSAGE 2

1 A 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 D6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 D

PASSAGE 3

1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A6 C 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 C

PASSAGE 4

1 B 2 D 3 A 4 D 5(A)-(B),(B)-(A),©-(D)

PASSAGE 5

1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 D

Chapter-11Short passage 1Throughout the ages the businessman has helped build civilization’s great cities, provide people with luxuries ad artists with patronage, and lift his fellow-citizens to understand the standard of living. In the last few centuries the businessman has seeded the Industrial Revolution around the world.

1. Paragraph best supports the statement that the businessman-a. Is accountable to the societyb. Is the beneficiary of the Industrial Revolutionc. Has contributed to the growth of civilizationd. Is capable of raising his standard of livinge. Lives a luxurious and comfortable life

Short passage 2Through advertising, manufactures exercise a high degree of control over consumers’ desires. However, the manufacturer assumes enormous risks in attempting to predict what consumers will want and in producing goods in quantity and distributing them in advance of the final selection by the consumers.

2. The paragraph best supports the statement that manufacturers-a. Can eliminate the risk of overproduction by advertisingb. Distribute goods directly to the consumersc. Can predict with great accuracy the success of any product they

put on the marketd. Must depend finally upon the consumers for the success of their

undertakingse. Always take moderate and calculated risk

Short passage-3The school has always been the most important means of transferring the wealth of tradition from one generation to the next. This applies today in an even higher degree than in former times for, through the modern development of economic life, the family’s role as the bearer of tradition and education has become weak.

3. The paragraph best supports the statement that for transferring the wealth of tradition from one generation to the next-a. Economic development plays a crucial roleb. There are means other than the schoolc. Family, as ever, is the most potent meansd. Several different sources must be triede. Modern technology must be put to use

Short passage 4The attainment of individual and organizational goals is mutually interdependent linked by a common denominator- employee work motivation. Organization members are motivated to satisfy their personal goals, and they contribute their efforts to the attainment of organizational objectives as means of achieving these personal goals.

4. The paragraph best supports the statement that motivation-a. Is crucial for the survival of an individual and organizationb. Is the external force which induces an individual to contribute

his efforts c. Makes organization and society inseparabled. Is the product of an individual’s physical and mental energye. Encourages an individual to give priority to personal goals over

organizational goalsShort passage 5The prevention of accidents makes it necessary that not only safety devices be used to guard exposed machinery but also that mechanics be instructed in safety rules which they must follow for their own protection, and that the lighting in the plant be adequate.

5. The paragraph best supports the statement that industrial accidents-a. May be due to ignoranceb. Can be eliminated with the help of safety rulesc. Usually result form inadequate machineryd. Cannot be entirely overcomee. Are always avoidable

Short passage 6To forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is actually a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away by resentment and hate into an act of vengeance; but it takes a strong character to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgiveness an injury proves himself to be superior to the man who wronged him and puts the wrong-doer to shame.

6. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. A person with calm and composed nature has depth of thought

and visionb. People tend to forgive the things that happened in the pastc. Natural passions are difficult to suppressd. The sufferer alone knows the intensity of his sufferingse. Mercy is the noblest form of revenge

Short passage 7The consumption of harmful drugs by the people can be prevented not only by banning their sale in the market but also by instructing users about their dangerous effects which they must understand for their safety. Also the drug

addicts may be provided with proper medical for their rehabilitation. This will help in scaling down the use of drugs.

7. The paragraph best supports the statement that consumption of harmful drugs-a. May be channelised through a proper systemb. Can be eliminated with the help of banning their salec. Are on an increase in the societyd. Are due to lack of medical facilitiese. Can always be reduced

Short passage 8The virtue of art is that it does not allow the work to be interfered with or immediately ruled by anything other than itself. It insists that it alone shall touch the work in order to bring it into being. Art requires that nobody shall attain the work except through art itself.

8. The paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Art is for the sake of art and lifeb. Art is for the sake of art alonec. The artist should use his art for the sake of societyd. Art is governed by external rules and conditionse. The artist realizes his dreams through his artistic creation

Short passage 9One of the important humanitarian by-products of technology is the greater dignity and value that it imparts to human labour. In a highly industrialized society, there is no essential difference between Brahmin and Dalit, Muslim and Hindu; they are equally useful and hence equally valuable, for in the industrial society individual productivity fixes the size of the pay cheque and this fixes social status.

9. The paragraph best supports the statement that a. Industrial society is great leveler of menb. Technology decides the individual’s social statusc. All individuals, irrespective of caste and creed, are born equald. Castes and religions are man-madee. Human labour has dignity and value

Short passage 10There is a shift in our economy from a manufacturing one to a service-oriented one. The increase in the service-sector will require the managers to work more with people rather than with objects and things from the assembly line.

10. The paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Inter-personal skills will become more important in the future

workplaceb. Service organizations will not deal with objects and thingsc. Manufacturing organizations ignore the importance of peopled. Assembly line will exist in service organizationse. Managers should have a balanced mind

Short passage 11

Satisfaction with co-workers, promotion opportunities, the nature of work, and pay go with high performance. Among those with weak growth need, no such relationship is present and, in fact, satisfaction with promotion opportunities goes with low performance.

11. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. High performance is essential for organizational effectivenessb. Every organization has a few employees having weak growth

needsc. Relationship between job satisfaction and performance is

moderated by growth needd. Job satisfaction and performance are directly and closely

relatede. Satisfaction is an inevitable organizational variable

Short passage 12People need to determine whether or not their opinions are correct and to obtain an accurate appraisal of their abilities. The individual’s opinions and beliefs, as well as his evaluation of his abilities are important determinants of his behaviour. Correct opinions and accurate appraisals of ability lead to unpleasant consequences.

12. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. People need to depend on others to satisfy their needs b. Every individual has some ability and some emotionsc. Most individuals are not correct in their opinions and beliefsd. There exists a drive among individuals to evaluate their

opinions and abilitiese. Appraisals of abilities is a continuous activity

13. Among the elite of metropolitan India, things are gradually changing. Women are being recognized by employers, particularly in the corporate sector, as temperamentally suited to the information age. Visit any advertising agency or ad-film maker’s office ad the male-female ratio leans heavily towards the female population.

14. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Women are heading most of the agencies or ad-film makers’

officesb. Women are believed to be more equipped to handle infotechc. Only elite women join the corporate sector d. Male-female ratio in the society is gradually changinge. Women have advantage of their sex in employment

Short passage 14Moral education centers upon this conception of the school as a mode of social life, that the best and the deepest moral training is precisely that which one gets through having to enter into proper relations with others in a unity of work and thought. The present educational systems, so far as they destroy or neglect this unity, render it difficult or impossible to get any genuine, regular moral training.

14. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Society survives on moral valuesb. Morality is based on proper relations with othersc. Schools must teach the basic principles of social lifed. Morality differs from place to place and is situation bounde. It is the responsibility of any education system to impart moral

educationShort passage 15The school is primarily a social institution. Education being a social process, the school is simply that form of community life in which all those agencies are concentrated which will be most effective in bringing the child to share in the inherited resources of the race, and to use his/her own powers for social ends.

15. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Education is a process of living and not a preparation for future

livingb. Education in the real sense is not provided in our schools todayc. Education teaches how to share the inherited treasuresd. The school, as an institution, should simplify existing social lifee. Children are endowed with immense powers

Short passage 16Accidents on roads can be prevented, provided the quality of roads in improved and the drivers are instructed in safety rules which they must follow for their own protection. It is also necessary that the illumination on the roads is adequate so as to prevent accidents at night.

16. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Road accidents are solely due to improper illuminationb. Road accidents result in large number of deathsc. Road accidents are man-made and are always avouidabled. Safety rules are not taught properly to all driverse. Safety must be uppermost in the minds of road drivers

Short passage 17In the final analysis, the wealth of a country is based upon its power to develop and to effectively utilize the innate capacities of its people. It takes skilled human agents to discover and exploit natural resources, to mobilize capital, to develop technology, to produce goods, and to carry out trade. Indeed, if a country is unable to develop its human resources, it cannot build anything else, whether it be a modem political system, a sense of national unity, or a prosperous economy.

17. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. The wealth of a country resides in several types of resourcesb. Natural resources play a vital role in human developmentc. Human resources constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of

nationsd. Capital and natural resources are active factors of production

e. The economic development of nations is ultimately the result of proper and effective planning and coordination

Short passage 18People need to determine whether or not their opinions are correct and correct and to obtain an accurate appraisal of their abilities. The individual’s opinions and beliefs, as well as his evaluation of his abilities are important determinants of his behaviour. Correct opinions and accurate appraisals of ability from others are likely to lead to satisfying or rewarding behaviour; incorrect beliefs and/or inaccurate appraisals of ability lead to unpleasant consequences.

18. This paragraph best supports the statement that-a. Individual seek feedback from others to evaluate the

correctness of their opinions and beliefsb. All human behaviour is purposive and goal-directedc. All individuals want rewards and avoid punishmentsd. An individual’s personality determines his social behaviour

Short surprisingly abundant life of the Indian Ocean is confined to the upper layers; the deeper and especially the bottom waters are devoid of oxygen and are often permeated with hydrogen sulphide.

1. The sentence gives the information abouta. The life of the people near the Indian Oceanb. The reason why life exists in particular water layersc. The reason why oxygen is not found in the bottom layersd. The reason why hydrogen sulphide is found in the bottom

layerse. The life of the people who sail across the Indian Ocean

2. The bottom waters of the Indian Oceana. Have no oxygenb. Have large amounts of oxygenc. Contain a lot of sea plants and animalsd. Have no hydrogen sulphidee. Contain oxygen and hydrogen sulphide

3. The waters of the Indian Oceana. Are devoid of life b. Are always permeated with hydrogen sulphidec. Have life only in the lower layersd. Lack life and it is very surprisinge. Have life only in the upper layers

4. Which of the following is the most opposite of the word ABUNDANT, as used in the passage?a. Plentiful b. Minute c. Insufficient d. Meagre

e. Tiny5. The sentence suggests which one of the following:

a. Observers are surprised at how little life exists in the Indian Ocean

b. Hydrogen sulphide is necessary to life

c. Both oxygen and hydrogen sulphide are necessary to lifed. Oxygen is not necessary for marine lifee. There are different layers of waters in the ocean

Short passage 20Although a smiling face often disguises the mind and heart of a villain, an indiscriminate generalization of this phenomenon will do injustice to the innocent children whose faces bloom like flowers.

1. The intention of the author seems to bea. To point out to an exception to the general ruleb. To argue in favour of children who are sometimes guiltyc. To forcefully defend the kind acts of villainsd. To give justice to the generous actions of everyonee. To create a favourable opinion about people with smiling faces

2. The author of the sentence accepts the fact thata. All the things that appear most beautiful are the ugliest withinb. The faces of innocent children disguise ill actsc. The faces of innocent children are as pleasing as the flowers in

bloomd. An indiscriminate generalization is justifiable in this casee. The faces of the villains are neve smiling

3. The author feels that an indiscriminate generalization of the phenomenona. Would brand all people with smiling faces as villainsb. Would do justice to the children who are guiltyc. May lead good people to involve in ill actionsd. Would prevent villains from committing ill actse. Should be done in all cases except children and flowers

4. Which of the following is most nearly the same in meaning as the word DISGUISES, as used in the sentence?a. Reflects b. proves c. Conceals d. Reveals e. Discloses

5. Which of the following is most opposite of the word INDISCRIMINATE as used in the sentence?a. Promiscuous b. Selective c. Undistinguished d. Broad

e. ConspicuousShort passage 21A man of disarming candour and unexpected wit delivered in those unmistakable Rameshwaram cadences, Kalam Saheb and his team epitomize perseverance and pride in things Indian when it is no longer the flavour of the times. His stewardship of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and the vision that underpins it could well define the kind of profile the nation is likely to acquire in the global comity in the next century.

1. It is no longer the flavour of the times means’ in this context.a. A picture of the food habits of the modern peopleb. A picture of the habits of the youth of modern India

c. An idea of the habits and likings of modern Indiansd. A picture of the true Indian

2. The vision in this passage stands for a. Kalam’s stewardshipb. Target of IGMDPc. The dream of the global comityd. The picture of the next century

3. The passage reveals that perseverancea. Has always been in Indian characterb. Was a trait of Indian character earlierc. Is a trait of Indian character nowd. Has never been a trait of Indian character

Short passage 22The current political turmoil in India is more or less synonymous with the tumoil in Hindu society arising out of conflicting global ideologies and the obsolescence of the Manu code of behaviour for Hindus. Hinduism owed its survival not only to the phenomenon of enlightened gurus and seers over the centuries- from Adi Shankara and Ramanuja to Ramakrishna Paramhanasa; Vivekananda and Maharshi Ramana-but also becauseHindu society was quick to adjust itself to the changing times and people and believed in assimilation and absorption rather than exclusivists faith.

1. The passage hints a similaritya. Between Vivekanand And Ramakrishnab. Between Hinduism and current political crisesc. Between current political crisis and the turmoil in Hindu societyd. Global ideologies and obsolescence of the Manu code

2. Hinduism surviveda. Only because of enlightened gurusb. Only because of its quality to adjust itself to the changing timesc. Only because of its assimilative qualityd. Because it has synthesized its assimilative absorbing quality

with the enlightenment of its thinkers over a long time 3. The passage suggests that

a. The enlightened gurus have done harm to Hinduismb. The current political turmoil in India is the consequence of

Guru’s teachingsc. The obsolescence of the Manu code of behaviour has come in

conflict with global ideologiesd. Hinduism is the cause of current political turmoil

Short passage 23Following chaotic scenes in the Lok Sabha-with a clamorous Congress sticking to its demands for dropping the DMK from the UF and DMK responding by calling for a debate on the Thakkar commission’s controversial findings-an anguished Speaker P.A. Sangma had little option but to adjourn the House sine die: With Parliament having been put into cold storage, the politics of durbar manoeuvring-at which the Congress, in

particular, is a pastmaster- will inevitably Coe to the fore. While wheeling dealing will be the order of the day, when the onus shifts to Rashtrapati Bhavan, the President assuredly will exercise his prerogative in the best interest of the country.

1. The passage expresses the fear thata. The politics of wheeling-dealing will prevailb. The politics of manoeuvring will come to an endc. The President may not work in the interest of the peopled. The Speaker’s act might have been prompted by ordinary

factors2. The passage suggests that

a. Congress was very weak in political strategyb. Congress was pastmaster in politics of manoeuvringc. P.A. Sangma had many optionsd. The President will have no choice

3. The author is of the oiniona. That Congress party has behaved very wellb. That P.A. Sangma has done what many would have donec. That the President will use discretion d. That DMK should have been dropped

PART 2SHORT PASSAGE (1 TO 18)

1 C 2 A 3 A 4 E 5 B6 E 7 B 8 B 9 E 10 A11 C 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 C16 C 17 C 18 A

SP 191 D 2 B 3 D 4 E 5 A

SP 201 A 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B

SP 211 C 2 C 3 B

SP 22

1 C 2 D 3 CSP 23

1 A 2 B 3 C

Chapter 12Passage 1One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a twofold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made there is an ever-increasing optimism about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or “heavy” industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required. As one part of the economy develops, other parts are effected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roads are required; thus

the cement and machinery industries are stimulated. Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power ad the volume of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase.

1. Which of the following statements is the best example of the optimism mentioned in line 4 of the passage as being part of the expansion phase?a. Public funds are designated for the construction of new

highways designed to stimulate tourism.b. Industrial firms allocate monies for the purchase of machine

tools.c. The prices of agricultural commodities are increased at the

producer level.d. Full employment is achieved at all levels of the economy.e. As technology advances, innovative businesses replace

antiquated firms2. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that

a. When consumers lose their confidence in the market, a recession follows

b. Cyclical ends to business expansion are normalc. Luxury goods such as jewelry are unaffected by industrial

expansiond. With sound economic policies, prosperity can become a fixed

patterne. The creation of new products is essential for prosperity

3. Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?a. Union demands may also have an effect on business cycles.b. Some industries are, by their very nature, cyclical, having

regular phases of expansion and recession.c. Inflation is a factor that must be taken into consideration in any

discussion of the expansion phase.d. The fanner’s role during the expansion phase is of vital

importance.e. The other phase of the business cycle is called the recession

phasePassage 2The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time. Development was retarded, how-ever, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene. This led in Eocene time to increase in average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with

appearance of some new lines and extinction of others. Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach toward modern characters. The peak of (his career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene. The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles in Mesozoic time, and except for greater intelligence, the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms. The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur, but the dolphin and and whale are hardly more fish like than the ichthyosaur. Many swift-running mammals of the plains, like the horse and the antelope, must excel any of the dinosaurs. The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh eating mammal, but the lion or tiger is probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain. The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life, grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse, deer), living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus, beaver), dwelling in trees (sloth, monkey), digging underground (mole, rodent), feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf), swimming in the sea (dolphin, whale, seal), and flying in the air (bat). Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions. This adaptation produces gradual changes of from and structure. It is biologically characteristic of the youthful, plastic stage of a group. Early in its career, an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change, which, as the unit becomes old and fixed, disappear the generalized types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required, and it is from them that new, fecund stocks take origin-certainly not from any specialized end products. So, in the mammals, we witness the birth, plastic spread in many directions, increasing specialization, and in some branches, the extinction, which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.

4. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?a. From Dinosaur to Manb. Adaptation and Extinctionc. The Superiority of Mammalsd. The Geologic Life Spane. Man, Conqueror of the Physical World

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the chronological order of the geologic periods is a. Paleocene, Miocene, Triassic, Mesozoicb. Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic, Miocenec. Miocene, Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoicd. Mesozoic, Oligocene, Paleocene, Miocenee. Mesozoic, Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene

6. It can be inferred from the passage that the pterosaur

a. Resembled the batb. Was a Mesozoic mammalc. Was a flying reptiled. Lived in the seae. Evolved during the Miocene period

7. According to the passage, the greatest number of forms of mammalian life is found in the a. Triassic periodb. Eocene periodc. Oligocene epochd. Pliocene periode. Miocene period

8. Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the statement made by the author in lines 7-9?a. Trynnosaur has been found to have a larger brain than was

previously thought.b. Mammals will become extinct within the next thousand years.c. Forms of flying ichthyosaurs have recently been discovered.d. The tiger has now been proved to be more powerful than the

carnivorous reptiles.e. Computers have been developed that can double human mental

capacity.9. It can be inferred from the passage that the evidence the author

uses in discussing the life of past time periodsa. Was developed by Charles Darwinb. Was uncovered by the authorc. Has been negated by more recent evidenced. Was never definitely establishede. Is based on fossil remains

10. With which of the following proverbial expressions about human existence would the author be most likely to agree?a. It’s a cruel world.b. All the world’s a stagec. The more things change, the more they remain the same.d. Footprints in the sands of timee. A short life, but a merry one

Passage 3For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical science, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk shortly. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world

existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn’t be man. The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy ad autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

11. the author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sectionsa. invented modern mathematical applicationsb. were interested in navigationc. were unaware of the value of their studiesd. worked with electricitye. were forced to resign themselves to failure

12. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage isa. technical progressb. A Little Learning Is a Dangerous Thingc. Man’s Distinguishing Characteristicsd. Learning for Its Own Sakee. The Difference Between Science and Philosophy

13. It can be inferred from the passage that to the author man’s need to know is chiefly important in that ita. Allow the human race to progress technicallyb. Encompasses both the physical and social sciencesc. Demonstrates human vulnerabilityd. Defines man’s essential humanitye. Has increased as our knowledge of the world has grown

Passage 4When you first saw a piece of African art, it impressed you as a unit; you did not see it as a collection of shapes or forms. This, of course, means that the shapes and volumes within the sculpture itself were coordinated so successfully that the viewer was affected emotionally. It is entirely valid to ask how, from a purely artistic point of view, this unity was achieved. And

we must also inquire whether there is a recurrent pattern or rules or a plastic language and vocabulary which is responsible for the powerful communication of emotion which the best African sculpture achieves. If there is such a pattern or rules, are these rules applied consciously or instinctively to obtain so many works of such high artistic quality? It is obvious from the study of art history that an intense and unified emotional experience, such as the Christian credo of the Byzatine or 12th or 13th century Europe, when expressed in art forms, gave great unity, coherence, and power to art. But such an integrated feeling was only the inspirational element for the artist, only the starting point of the creative act. The expression of this eotion and its realization in the work could be done only with disciplined and thorough knowledge of the craft. And the African sculptor was a highly trained workman. He started his apprenticeship with a master when a child, ad he learned the tribal styles and the use of tools and the nature of woods so thoroughly that his carving became what Boas calls “motor action”. He carved automatically and instinctively. The African carver followed his rules without thinking of them; indeed, they never seem to have been formulated in words. But such rules existed, for accident ad coincidence cannot explain the common plastic language of African sculpture. There is too great a consistency from one work to another. Yet, although the African, with amazing insight into art, used these rules, I am certain that he was not conscious of them. This is the great mystery of such a traditional art: talent, or the ability certain people have, without conscious effort, to follow the rules which later the analyst can discover only from the work of art which has already been created.

14. The author is primarily concerned witha. Discussing how African sculptors achieved their effectsb. Listing the rules followed in African artc. Relating African art to the art of 12th or 13th century Europed. Integrating emotion and realizatione. Expressing the beauty of African art

15. According to the passage, one of the outstanding features of African sculpture is a. Its esoteric subject matterb. The emotional content of the workc. The education or training of the artists d. Its “foreignness” when compared to Western art e. Its high degree of conscious control

16. The author uses the phrase “plastic language” in lines 4-5 and 16-17 to refer to African art’s a. Mass reproductionb. Unrealistic qualitiesc. Modernistic orientationd. Sculptural symbolse. Repetitive nature

17. The information in the passage suggests that an African carver might best be compared to a a. Chef following a recipeb. Fluent speaker of English who is just beginning to study Frenchc. Batter who hits a homerun in his or her first baseball gamed. Concert pianist performing a well-rehearsed concertoe. Writer who is grammatically expert but stylistically uncreative

18. Which of the following does the passage imply about art?a. Content is more important than formb. There is no room for untrained artistsc. From is more important then contentd. Western artists are too concerned with techniquee. Great art must be consistent

19. The author’s presentation of the material includes all of the following EXCEPTa. Comparisonb. Cause and effectc. Rhetorical questioningd. Direct quotatione. Concrete example

20. Which of the following titles best expresses the content of the passage?a. The apprenticeship of the African Sculptorb. The History of African Sculpturec. How African Art Achieves Unityd. Analyzing African Arte. The Unconscious Rules of African Art

Passage 5Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form, structure, growth habits, and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic environment, types of food supply, or mode of living. This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism, the original identity of which is clearly discernible. For example, the creeping foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a flapping organ useful for swimming, and is changed into prehensile arms that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods. The limbs of various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope, for swinging in trees (arboreal) as in the monkeys, for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and gophers, for flying (Volant) as in the bats, for swimming (aquatic) as in the seals, whales and dolphins, and for other adaptations. The structures or organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence are commonly identified readily as homologous, in spite of great alterations. Thus, the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale, for instance, have

virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent elements of the mammalian limb.

21. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?a. Adaptive Divergenceb. Evolutionc. Unusual structuresd. Changes in organse. Our changing bodies

22. The author provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

I. What factors cause change in organisms?II. What is the theory of evolution?III. How are horses’ legs related to seals’ flippers?

a. I onlyb. II onlyc. I and II onlyd. I and III onlye. I, II and III

23. Which of the following word could best he substituted for “homologous” (line 11+12) without substantially changing the author’s meaning?a. Altered b. Mammalianc. Correspondingd. Divergente. Tactile

24. The author’s style can best be described asa. Humorousb. Objectivec. Patronizingd. Esoterice. Archaic

Passage 6Plato-who may have understood better what forms the mind of man than do some of our cotemporaries who want their children exposed only to “real” people and everyday events-knew what intellectual experiences make for true humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere facts or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason, said: “The friend of wisdom is also friend of myth”.Modern thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philosophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regardless of their original persuasion. Mircea Eliade, for one, describes these stories as “models for human behavior [that], by that very fact, give meaning and value to life.” Drawing on anthropological parallels, he and

others suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived form, or give symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of passage-such as metaphoric death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher plane of existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and are carriers of such deep meaning.Other investigators with a depth psychological orientation emphasize the similarities between the fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in adult dreams and daydreams – the fulfillment of wishes, the winning out over all competitors, the destruction of enemies – and conclude that one attraction of this literature is its expression of that which is normally prevented from coming to awareness.There are, of course, very significant differences between fairy tales and dreams. For example, in dreams more often than not the wish fulfillment is disguised, while in fairy tales much of it is openly expressed. To a considerable degree, dreams are the result of inner pressures which have found no relief, of problem which beset a person to which he knows no solution and to which the dream finds none. The fairy tale does the opposite: it projects the relief of all pressures and not only offers ways to solve problems but promises that a “happy” solution will he found.We cannot control what goes on in our dreams.Although our inner censorship influences what we may dream, such control occurs on an unconscious level. The fairy tale, on the other hand, is very much the result of common conscious, and unconscious opntent haying been shaped by the conscious mind, not of one particular person, but the consensus of many in regard to what they view as universal human problems, and what they accept as desirable solutions. If all these elements were not present in a fairy tale, it would not be retold by generation after generation. Only if a fairy tale met the conscious and unconscious requirements of many people was it repeatedly retold, and listened to with great interest. No dream of a person could arouse such persistent interest unless it was worked into a myth, as was the story of the pharaoh’s dream as interpreted by Joseph in the Bible.

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s interest in fairy tales centers chiefly on their a. Literary qualitiesb. Historical backgroundc. Factual accuracyd. Psychological relevancee. Ethical weakness

26. According to the passage, fairy tales fifer form dreams in which of the following characteristics?

I. The communal nature of their creationII. Their convention of a happy ending III. Their enduring general appeal

a. I onlyb. II only

c. I and II onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II and III

27. It can be inferred from the passage that Mircea Eliade is most likelya. A writer of children’s literatureb. A student of physical anthropologyc. A 20th century philosopherd. An advocate of practical educatione. A contemporary of Plato

28. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward fairy tales?a. Reluctant fascinationb. Wary skepticismc. Scornful disapprobationd. Indulgent tolerancee. Open approval

29. The author quotes Plato and Aristotle primarily in order toa. Define the nature of mythb. Contrast their opposing points of viewc. Support the point that myths are valuable d. Prove that myths originated in ancient timese. Give an example of depth psychology

30. The author mentions all of the following as reason for reading fairy tales EXCEPTa. Emotional calharsitb. Behavioral paradigmc. Uniqueness of experienced. Sublimation of aggressione. Symbolic satisfaction

Passage 7The stability that had marked the Iroquois Confederacy’s generally pro-British position was shattered with the overthrow of James II in 1688, the colonial uprising that followed in Massachusetts, New York, and Mary-land, and the commence Trent of King William’s War against Louis XIV of France. The increasing French threat to English hegemony in the interior of North America was signalized by French-led or French-inspired attacks on the Iroquois and on outlying colonial settlements in New York and New England. The high point of the Iroquois response was the spectacular raid of August 5, 1689, in which the Iroquois virtually wiped out the French village of Lachine, just outside Montreal, A counterraid by the French on the English village of Schenectady in March, 1690, instilled an appropriate measure of fear among the English and their Iroquois allies.The Iroquois position at the end of the war, which was formalized by treaties made during the summer of 1701 with the British and the French, and which was maintained throughout most of the 18th century, was one of “aggressive

neutrality” between the 2 competing European powers. Under the new system the Iroquois initiated a peace policy toward the “far Indians,” tightened their control over the nearby tribes, and induced both English and French to support their neutrality toward the European powers by appropriate gifts and concessions.By holding the balance of power in the sparsely settled borderlands between English and French settlements, and by their willingness to use their power against one or the other nation if not appropriately treated, the Iroquois played the game of European power politics with effectiveness. The system broke down, however, after the French became convinced that the Iroquois were compromising the system in favor of the English and launched a full-scale attempt to establish French physical and juridical presence in the Ohio Valley, the heart of the borderlands long claimed by the Iroquois. As a consequence of the ensuring Great War for Empire, in which Iroquois neutrality was dissolved and European influence moved closer, the play-off system lost its efficacy and system of direct bargaining supplanted it.

31. The author’s primary purpose in this passage is toa. Denounce the imperialistic policies of the Frenchb. Disprove the charges of barbarism made against the Iroquoisc. Expose the French government’s exploitation of the Iroquois

balance of powerd. Describe and assess the effect of European military power o

Iroquois policye. Show the inability of the Iroquois to engage in European style

diplomacy32. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward

the Iroquois leadership can best be described as one of a. Suspicion of their motivesb. Respect for their competencec. Indifference to their fated. Dislike of their savagerye. Pride in their heritage

33. With which of the following statements would the author be LEASTlikely to agree?a. the Iroquois were able, to respond effectively to French acts of

aggression.b. James II’s removal from the throne caused dissension to break

out among the colonies.c. The French begrudged the British their alleged high standing

among the Iroquoisd. Iroquois negotiations involved playing one side against the

other.e. The Iroquois ceased to hold the balance of power early in the

18th century.34. The author attributes such success as the Iroquois policy of aggressive neutrality had to

a. The readiness of the Iroquois to fight either sideb. their ties of loyalty to the Britishc. French physical presence in the borderlandsd. The confusion of the European forcese. European reliance on formal treaties

Passage 8Of the 197 million square miles making up the surface of the globe, 71% is covered by the interconnecting bodies of marine water; the Pacific Ocean alone covers half the Earth and averages nearly 14,000 feet in depth. The continents- Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica – are the portions of the continental masses rising above sea level. The sub – merged borders of the continental masses are the continental shelves, beyond which lie the deep – sea basins.The oceans attain their greatest depths not in their central parts, but in certain elongated furrows, or long narrow troughs, called deeps. These profound troughs have a peripheral arrangement, notably around the borders of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The position of the deeps near the continental masses suggests that the deeps, like the highest mountains, are of recent origin, since otherwise they would have been filled with waste from the lands. This suggestion is strengthened by the fact that the deeps are – frequently the sites of world – shaking earthquakes. For example, the “tidal wave” that in April 1946 caused widespread destruction along Pacific coasts resulted from a strong earthquake on the floor of the Aleutian Deep.The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great areas the available soundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart. However, the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys since 1920. A broad, well-defined ridge – the Mid-Atlantic ridge – runs north and south between Africa and the 2 Americas, and numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor. Closely spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are as rugged as mountainous regions of the continents. Use of the recently perfected method of echo sounding is rapidly enlarging our knowledge of submarine topography. During World War II great Strides were made in mapping submarine surfaces, particularly in many parts of the vast Pacific basin.The continents stand on the average 2870 feet – slightly more than half a mile – above sea level. North America averages 2300 ft.; Europe averages only 1150ft.; and Asia, the highest of the larger continental sub-divisions, averages 3200ft. The highest point on the globe, Mount Everest in the Himalayas, is 29000ft. above the sea; and as the greatest known depth in the sea is over 35000 ft. the maximum relief (that is, the difference in altitude between the lowest and highest points) exceeds 64000 ft., or exceeds 12 miles. The continental masses and the deep-sea basins are relief features of the first order; the deeps, ridges, and volcanic cones that diversify the sea floor, as well as the plains, plateaus, and mountains of the continents, are relief features of the second order. The lands are unendingly subject to a complex of activities summarized in the term erosion, which first sculptures

them in great detail and then tends to reduce them ultimately to sea level. The modeling of the landscape by weather, running water, and other agents is apparent to the keenly observant eye and causes thinking people to speculate on what must be the final result of the ceaseless wearing down of the lands. Long before there was a science of geology, Shakespeare wrote “the revolution of the times makes mountains level.”35. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

i. Features of the Earth’s surfacesii. Marine Topography

iii. The Causes of Earthquakesiv. Primary Geologic Considerationsv. How to Prevent Erosion

36. It can be inferred from the passage that the largest ocean is the i. Atlantic

ii. Pacificiii. Indianiv. Antarcticv. Arctic

37. The “revolution of the times” as used in the final sentence meansi. The passage of years

ii. The current rebellioniii. The science of geologyiv. The action of the ocean floorv. The overthrow of natural forces

38. According to the passage, the peripheral furrows or deeps are founda. Only in the Pacific and Indian oceansb. Near earthquakesc. Near the shored. In the center of the oceane. To be 14000 ft. in depth in the Pacific

39. The passage contains information that world answer which of the following questions?a. What is the highest point on North America?b. Which continental subdivision is, on the average, 1150 ft.

above sea level?c. How deep is the deepest part of the ocean?

i. I onlyii. II only

iii. III onlyiv. I and II onlyv. II and III only

40. From this passage, it can be inferred that earthquakesa. Occur only in the peripheral furrowsb. Occur more frequently in newly formed land or sea formations

c. Are a prime cause of soil erosiond. Will ultimately “make mountains level”e. Are caused by the weight of the water

Passage 9An essay which appeals chiefly to the intellect is Francis Bacon’s “Of Studies”. His careful tripartite division of studies expressed succinctly in aphoristic pose demands the complete attention of the mind of the reader. He considers studies as they should be; for pleasure, for self-improvement, for business. He considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation, and preciosity. Bacon divides books into 3 categories: those to be read in part, those to be read cursorily, and those to be read with care. Studies should include reading, which gives depth; speaking, which adds readiness of thought; and writing, which trains in preciseness. Somewhat mistakenly, the author ascribes certain virtues to individual fields of study: wisdom to history, wit to poetry, subtlety to mathematics, and depth to natural philosophy. Bacon’s four-hundred-word essay, studded with Latin phrases and highly compressed in thought, has intellectual appeal indeed.

41. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?a. Francis Bacon and the Appeal of the Essayb. “Of Studies”: A Tripartite Divisionc. An Intellectual Exercise: Francis Bacon’s Of Studies”d. The Categorization of Books According to Bacone. A Method for Reading Books

42. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “aphoristic” (lines 1-2) without substantially changing the author’s meaning?a. Abstruseb. Pithyc. Tripartited. Proverbiale. Realistic

43. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?a. “Of Studies” belongs in the category of works that demand to

be read with care.b. Scholars’ personalities are shaped by the academic discipline in

which they are engaged.c. It is an affectation to use foreign words in one’s writing.d. An author can be more persuasive in a long work than in a

shorter one.e. Studies should be undertaken without thought of personal gain.

Passage 10Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and

metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no foddils ; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived form the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand and clay build up as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them chang to indicate the chang in physical state. Thus, small stone and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates: cemented send becomes sandstone; and hardened clay become shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result form the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, and solution or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into gneiss or schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.

44. The primary purpose of the passage is toa. Differentiate between and characterize igneous and sedimentary

rocksb. Explain the factors that may cause rocks to change in formc. Show how the scientific names of rocks reflect the rocks’

compositiond. Define and describe several diverse kinds of rockse. Explain why rocks are basic parts of the earth’s structure

45. All of the following are sedimentary rocks EXCEPTa. Shale b. gravel c. sand d. limestone e. schist

46. The passage would be most likely to appear in a a. Technical article for geologistsb. Teaching manual accompanying an earth science textc. Pamphlet promoting conservation of natural resourcesd. Newspaper feature explaining how oil is founde. Nonfiction book explaining where to find the results of

sedimentation47. The relationship between igneous and sedimentary rocks may best

be compared to the relationship between

a. Leaves and compostb. Water and landc. DNA and heredityd. Nucleus and cell walle. Sand and clay

48. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions?

i. I onlyii. III only

iii. I and II onlyiv. II and III onlyv. I, II and III

a. I onlyb. III onlyc. I and II onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II, and III

49. Which of the following methods is NOT used by the author?a. Inclusion of concrete examplesb. Classification and discussionc. Comparison and contrastd. Observation and hypothesise. Cause and effect

50. The author’s tone in the passage can best be described asa. Meditativeb. Objective c. Ironicd. Concernede. Bombastic

CHAPTER 12PART 1

1 B 21 A 41 C2 B 22 D 42 B3 E 23 C 43 A4 B 24 B 44 D5 E 25 D 45 E6 C 26 E 46 B7 E 27 C 47 A

8 A 28 E 48 B9 E 29 C 49 D10 D 30 C 50 B11 C 31 D12 D 32 B13 D 33 E14 A 34 A15 B 35 A16 D 36 B17 D 37 A18 C 38 C19 E 39 E20 E 40 B

Chapter-12Passage – 1Although vocal cords are lacking in cetaceans, phonation is undoubtedly

centered in the larynx.The toothed whales or odontocetes (sperm whale and porpoises)are much more vociferous than the whalebone whales, or mysticetes. In this country observers have recorded only occasional sounds from two species of mysticetes (the humpback and right whale). A Russian cetologist reports hearing sounds from at least five species of whalebone whales but gives no details of the circumstances or descriptions of the sounds themselves. Although comparison of the sound-producing apparatus in the two whale groups cannot yet be made, it is interesting to note that the auditory centers of the brain are much more highly developed in the odonotocetes than in the mysticetes, in fact, to a degree unsurpassed by any other mammalian group

1. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions?

I. What are odontocetes and mysticetes?II. In which part of the body do whales produce sounds?III. In which animals is the auditory center of the brain most

developed?a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III

2. The author’s attitude toward the observations reported by the Russian cetologist mentioned in lines 4-6 is best described as one of

a. admiration b. indignation c. surprise d. skepticism e. pessimism3. It can be inferred from the passage thata. animals with more highly developed auditory apparatuses tend to produce more soundsb. animals without vocal cords tend to produce as much sound as those with vocal cordsc. highly intelligent animals tend to produce more sound than less intelligent speciesd. the absence of vocal cords has hindered the adaptation of cetaceanse. sound is an important means of communication among whalesPassage-2Like her white friends Eleanor Roosevelt and Aubrey Williams, Mary Bethune believed in the fundamental commitment of the New Deal to assist the black American’s struggle and in the need for blacks to assume responsibilities to help win that struggle. Unlike those of her white liberal associates, however, Bethune’s idea had evolved out of a long experience as a “race leader”. Founder of a small black college in Florida, she had become widely known by 1935 as an organizer of black women’s groups ad as a civil and political rights activist. Deeply religious, certain of her own capabilities, the held a relatively uncluttered view of what she felt were the New Deal’s and her own people’s obligations to the cause of racial justice.Unafraid to speak her mind to powerful whites, including the President, or to differing black factions she combined faith in the ultimate willingness of whites to discard their prejudice and bigotry with a strong sense of racial pride and commitment to Negro self-help. More than her liberal white friends, Bethune argued for a strong and direct black voice in initiating and shaping government policy. She pursued this in her conversations with President Roosevelt, in numerous memoranda to Aubrey Williams, and in her administrative work as head of the National Youth Administration’s Office of Negro Affairs.With the assistance of Williams, she was successful in having blacks selected to NYA posts at her national state, and local levels. But she also wanted a black presence throughout the federal government. At the beginning of the war she joined other black leaders in demanding appointments to the Selective Service Board and to the Department of the Army; and she was instrumental in 1941 in securing Earl Dickerson’s membership on the Fair Employment Practices Committee. By 1944, she was still making appeals for black representation in “all public programs, federal, state, and local, and “in policy-making posts as well as rank and file jobs”.Though recognizing the weakness in the Roosevelt administration’s response to Negro needs, Mary Bethune remained in essence a black partisan champion of the New Deal during the 1930s and 1940s. Her strong advocacy of administration policies and programs was predicated

on a number of factors: her assessment of the low status of black Americans during the Depression; her faith in the willingness of some liberal whites to work for the inclusion of blacks in the government’s reform and recovery measures; her conviction that only massive federal aid could elevate the Negro economically; and her belief that the thirties and forties were producing a more self-aware and self-assured black population. Like a number of her white friends in government, Bethune assumed that the preservation of democracy and black people’s “full integration into the benefits and the responsibilities” of American life were inextricably tied together. She was convinced that, with the help of a friendly government, a militant, aggressive “New Negro” would emerge out of the devastation of depression and war, a “New Negro” who would “save America from itself”, who would lead America toward the full realization of its democratic ideas.’4. The author’s main purpose in this passage is to

a. Criticize Mary Bethune for adhering too closely to New Deal policies

b. Argue that Mary Bethune was too optimistic in her assessment of race relations

c. Demonstrate Mary Bethune’s influence on black progress during the Roosevelt’s years

d. Point out the weaknesses of the white liberal approach to black needs

e. Summarize the attainments of blacks under the auspices of Roosevelt’s New Deal

5. It can be inferred from the passage that Aubrey Williams was which of the following?

i. A man with influence in the National Youth Administration

ii. A white liberaliii. A man of strong religious convictions

a. I onlyb. II onlyc. I and II onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II and III

6. The author mentions Earl Dickerson primarily (line 17) primarily in order toa. Cite an instance of Bethune’s political impactb. Contrast his career with that of Bethunec. Introduce the subject of a subsequent paragraphd. Provide an example of Bethune’s “New Negro”e. Show that Dickerson was a leader of his fellow blacks

7. It can be inferred from the passage that Bethune believed the “new Negro” would “save America from itself” (IInd last line of the paragraph) by

a. Joining the army and helping America over-throw its Fascist enemies

b. Helping America accomplish its egalitarian idealsc. Voting for administration anti-poverty programsd. Electing other blacks to government officee. Expressing a belief in racial pride

8. The tone of the author’s discussion of Bethune is best described asa. Deprecatoryb. Sentimentalc. Ironicd. Objectivee. Recriminatory

9. The author uses all the following techniques in the passage EXCEPTa. Comparison and contrastb. Development of an extended analogyc. Direct quotationd. General statement and concrete examplese. Reiteration of central ideas

10. Which of the following statements about the New Deal does the passage best support?a. It was strongly committed to justice for all races.b. It encouraged black participation in making policy decisionsc. It was actively involved in military strategyd. It was primarily the province of Eleanor Roosevelte. It shaped programs for economic aid and growth

Passage 3“The emancipation of women” James Joyce told one of his friends, “has caused the greatest revolution in our time in the most important relationship there is - that between men and women.” Other modernists agreed; Virginia Wolf, claiming that in about 1910 “human character changed,” and , illustrating the new balance between the sexes, urged, “Read the ‘Agamemnon,’ and see whether…your sympathies are not entirely with Clytemnestra.” D.H. Lawrence wrote, “perhaps the deepest fight for 2000 years and more has been the fight for women’s independence.”But if modernist writers considered women’s revolt against men’s domination one of their “greatest” and “deepest” themes, only recently – in perhaps the past 15 years – has literary criticism begun to catch up with it. Not that the images of sexual antagonism that abound in modern literature have gone unremarked; far from it. But what we are able to see in literary works depends on the perspectives we bring to them, and now that women – enough to make a difference – are reforming canons and interpreting literature, the landscapes of literary history and the features of individual books have begun to change.

11. According to the passage, women are changing literary criticism by

a. Noting instances of hostility between men and womenb. Seeing literature from fresh points of viewc. Studying the works of early 20th century writersd. Reviewing books written by feministse. Resisting masculine influence

12. The author quotes James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and D.H. Laewrence primarily in order to show that a. These were feminist writersb. Although well meaning, they were ineffectual c. Before the 20th century, there was little interest in women’s

literatured. Modern literature is dependent on the women’s movemente. The interest in feminist issues is not new

13. The author’s attitude toward women’s reformation of literary canons can best be described as one of a. Ambivalenceb. Antagonismc. Indifferenced. Endorsemente. Skepticism

14. Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage?a. Modernist writers and the Search for Equalityb. The meaning of Literary Worksc. Toward a New Criticismd. Women in Literature, from 1910 One. Transforming Literature

Passage-4Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9%, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This

characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced; potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium

15. The author’s main purpose in this passage is toa. Describe the properties and uses of waterb. Illustrate the importance of conserving waterc. Explain how water is used in commerce and industryd. Reveal the extent of the earth’s ocean massese. Compare water with other liquids

16. According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans becausea. They do not need oxygenb. Ice floatsc. Evaporation and condensation create a water cycled. 3 are currents in the oceanse. water absorbs heat

17. Which of the following characteristics of water does the author mention in the passage?

i. Water expands when it is frozenii. Water is a good solvent

iii. Water can absorb heata. I Onlyb. II onlyc. I and II onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II and III

18. According to the passage, the hydrosphere is NOTa. Responsible for all forms of lifeb. Able to modify weatherc. A source of natural resourcesd. In danger of freezing overe. The part of the earth covered by water

19. The author’s tone in the passage can best be described asa. Dogmaticb. Dispassionatec. Speculatived. Biasede. Hortatory

20. The author organizes the passage bya. Comparison and contrastb. Juxtaposition of true and untrue ideasc. General statements followed by examplesd. Hypothesis and proof

e. Definition of key terms21. Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin

the paragraph immediately following the passage?a. Water has the ability to erode the landb. Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processesc. Now let us consider the great land massesd. Another remarkable property of ice is its strengthe. Droughts and flooding are 2 types of disasters associated with

water.Passage 5The opposite of adaptive divergence is an interesting and fairly common expression of evolution, Whereas related groups of organisms take on widely different characters in becoming adapted to unlike environments in the case of adaptive divergence, we find that unrelated groups of organisms exhibit adaptive convergence when they adopt similar modes of life or become suited for specials sorts of environments. For example, invertebrate marine animals living firmly attached to the sea bottom or to some foreign object tend to develop a subcylindrical or conical form. This is illustrated by coral individuals, by many sponges, and even by the diminutive tubes of bryozoans. Adaptive convergence in taking this coral like form is shown by some brachiopds and pelecypods tht grew in fixed position. More readily appreciated is the streamlined fitness of most fishes for moving swiftly through water; they have no neck, the contour of the body is smoothly curved so as to give minimum resistance, and the chief propelling organ is a powerful tail fin. The fact that some fossil reptiles (ichthyosaurs) and modern mammals (whales, dolphins) are wholly fish like in form is an expression of adaptive convergence, for these air-breathing reptiles and mammals, which are highly efficient swimmers, are not closely related to fishes. Unrelated or distantly related organisms that develop similarity of form are sometimes designated as homeomorphs (having the same form).

22. The author mentions ichthyosaurs and dolphins (lines 11 and 12) as examples of a. Modern mammalian life forms that are aquaticb. Species of slightly greater mobility than brachiopodsc. Air-breathing reptiles closely related to fishd. Organisms that have evolved into fishlike formse. Invertebrate and vertebrate marine animals

23. According to the passage, adaptive convergence and adaptive divergence are a. Manifestations of evolutionary patternsb. Hypotheses unsupported by biological phenomenac. Ways in which plants and animals adjust to a common

environmentd. Demonstrated by brachiopods and pelecypodse. Compensatory adjustments made in response to unlike

environments

24. It can be inferred that in the paragraph immediately preceding this passage the author discusseda. Marine intelligenceb. Adaptive divergencec. Air-breathing reptilesd. Environmental impactse. Organisms with similar forms

Passage 6Nearly 2 thousands years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus became part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manger to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay put long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by government agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting; there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high falutin mathematical systems in terms of excitement and endearment which we at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the president elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume”. We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.

25. The passage would be most likely to appear in a. A journal of biblical studiesb. An introductory college textbook on statisticsc. The annual report of the American Statistical Association d. A newspaper review of a recent professional festivitye. The current bulletin of the census bureau

26. According to the passage, taxation in Roman times was based on a. Mobilityb. Wealthc. Populationd. Census takerse. Economic predictions

27. The author refers to the Romans primarily in order toa. Prove the superiority of modern sampling methods to ancient

onesb. Provide a historical framework for the passagec. Relate an unfamiliar concept to a familiar oned. Show that statistical forecasts have not significantly

deterioratede. Cite an authority to support the thesis of the passage

28. The author refers to the Mets primarily in order toa. Show that sports do not depend on statisticsb. Provide an example of an unreliable statisticc. Contrast verifiable and unverifiable methods of record keepingd. Indicate the changes in attitudes from Roman days to the

presente. Illustrate the failure of statistical predictions

29. On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements?a. Computers have significantly improved the application of

statistics in business.b. Statistics is not, at the present time, a sciencec. It is useless to try to predict the economy.d. Most mathematical systems are inexacte. Statisticians should devote themselves to the study of

probability30. The author’s tone can best be described as

a. Jocular b. scornful c. pessimistic d. objectivee. humanistic

Passage 7Observe the dilemma of the fungus: it is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyl. While all other plants put the sun’s energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into the body structure, the chlorophylless fungus must look else-where for an energy supply. It finds it in those other plants which, having received their energy free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their cycle either to animals (like us humans) or to fungi. In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth’s major source of rot and decay. Wherever you see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile of leaves turning to compost, or a blown-down tree becoming pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact, certain plants which contain resins that are toxic to fungi

will last indefinitely; specimens of the redwood, for instance, can still be found resting on the forest floor centuries after having been blown down.

31. Which of the following words best describes the fungus as depicted in the passage?a. Unevolved b. Sporadic c. Enigmaticd. Parasitic e. Toxic

32. The passage states all the following about fungi EXCEPT:a. They are responsible for the decomposition of much plant life.b. They cannot live completely apart from other plantsc. They are vastly different from other plantsd. They are poisonous to resin-producing plantse. They cannot produce their own store of energy

33. The author’s statement that “you are watching a fungus eating” (lines 7) is best described as a. Figurative b. ironical c. parenthetical d. erroneous e. contradictory

34. The author is primarily concerned witha. warning people of the dangers of fungib. writing a humorous essay on fungic. relating how most plants use solar energyd. describing the actions of fungie. explaining the long life of some redwoods

Passage 8The establishment of the 3rd Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and bar-barism of the Nazis, and especially, the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937), in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the 3rd Reich. In August 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the 3rd Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend-Lease (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or

lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1941 President Roosevelt and Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter, which proclaimed the kind of a world that should be established after the war. In December 1941 Japan launched an unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.35. The author is primarily concerned with

a. Evaluating various legislative efforts to strengthen national defenseb. Summarizing the events that led up to America’s involvement

in the warc. Criticizing the atrocities perpetrated by the 3rd Reichd. Explaining a basic distinction between American and German

policye. Describing the social and psychological effects of war

36. During the years 1933-36, American foreign policy may best be described as being one of

a. Overt belligerenceb. Deliberate uninvolvementc. Moral indignationd. Veiled contempte. Reluctant admiration

37. According to the passage, the United States, while maintaining neutrality, showed its sympathy for the democracies by which of the following actions?I. It came to the defense of PolandII. It conscripted recruits for the armed forces.III. It supplied weapons to friendly countriesa. I only b. III only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III38. According to the passage, all of the following events occurred in 1939 EXCEPTa. the invasion of Polandb. the invasion of Czechoslovakiac. the annexation of Austriad. passage of the Neutrality Acte. the beginning of the war in Europe39. With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?a. American neutrality during the 1930s was natural consequence of the course of world events.b. Every nation should be free to determine its own internal policy without interference.

c. The United States, through its aggressive actions, invited an attack on its territoryd. Americans were slow to realize the full danger posed by Nazi Germanye. President Roosevelt showed undue sympathy for Britain40. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?a. the author presents a thesis and then lists events that support that thesis in chronological order.b. the author presents a thesis ad then cites examples that support the thesis as well as evidence that tends to negate itc. the author summarizes a historical study and then discusses an aspect of the study in detaild. the author describes historical events and then gives a personal interpretation of them.e. the author cites noted authorities as a means of supporting his or her own opinion

Passage 9Not a few of Jane Austen’s personal acquaintances might have echoed Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, who noticed that “she was air and handsome, slight and elegant, but with cheeks a little too full,” while “never suspect[ing] she was an authoress.” For this novelist whose personal obscurity was more complete than that of any other famous writer was always quick to insist either on complete anonymity or on the propriety of her limited craft, her delight in delineating just “3 or 4 Families in a country Village.” With her self-deprecatory remarks about her inability to join “strong manly, spirited sketches, full of Variety and Glow” with her “little bit (2 inches wide) of Ivory,” Jane Austen perpetuated the belief among her friends that her art was just an accomplishment “by a lady,” if anything “rather too light and bright and sparkling.” In this respect she resembled one of her favorite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have “glid[ed] through the world unknown” than been “suspected of literary airs – to shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other – my dear, I would sooner exhibit as a ropedancer.”Yet, decorous though they might first seem, Austen’s self-effacing anonymity and her modest description of her miniaturist art also imply a criticism, even a rejection, of the world at large. For as Gaston Bachelard explains, the miniature “allows us to be world conscious at slight risk.” While the creators of satirically conceived diminutive landscapes seem to se everything as small because they are themselves so grand, Austen’s analogy for her art – her “little bit (2 inches wide) of Ivory” – suggests a fragility that reminds us of the risk and instability outside the fictional space. Besides seeing her art metaphorically, as her critics would too, in relation to female arts severely devalued until quite recently (for painting on ivory was traditionally a “ladylike” occupation), Austen attempted through self-

imposed novelistic limitations to define a secure place, even as she seemed to admit the impossibility of actually inhabiting such a small space with any degree of comfort. And always, for Austen, it is women- because they are too vulnerable I the world at large – who must acquiesce in their own confinement, no matter how stifling it may be.

41.The passage focuses primarily ona. Jane Austen’s place in English literatureb. The literary denigration of female novelistsc. The implications of Austen’s attitude to her work d. Critical evaluations of the novels of Jane Austene. Social rejection of professional women in the 18th and 19th

centuries42. According to the passage, Austen concentrated on a limited range

of subjects becausea. She had a limited degree of experience of fictionb. Her imagination was incapable of creating other worldsc. Women in her time were prohibited from writing about

significant topicsd. She wanted to create a safe niche for the exercise of her talentse. She did not wish to be acknowledged as an author

43. Which of the following best expresses the relationship of the first sentence to the rest of the passage?a. Specific instance followed by generalizationsb. Assertion followed by analysisc. Objective statement followed by personal opiniond. Quotation from an authority followed by conflicting viewse. Challenge followed by debate

Passage 10The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21% and nitrogen about 78%. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining 1% of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variation in amount and distribution, are of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts.The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has 3 well-defined strata.

The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about 10 miles, is known as the troposphere. On the whole, it makes up about 75% of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface, which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth’s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere oecrease about 3.5 degrees per 1000-foot increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture.Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a wave-shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150mph, but velocities as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influence of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually reveal their true significance.Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere. The stratosphere is sepa-rated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopuse. Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun’s ultraviolet light would bum our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform. The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of these 3 strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists, of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. the northern lights (aurora borealis) originate within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown.

44. Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?a. New methods for calculating the Composition of the

Atmosphere b. New evidence concerning the Stratification of the Atmospherec. The Atmosphere: Its Nature and Importance to Our Weatherd. The Underlying Causes of Atmospheric Turbulencee. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere: 3 Similar Zones

45. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following question?

i. How do the troposphere and the stratosphere differ?ii. How does the ionosphere affect the weather?

iii. How do earth satellites study the atmosphere?a. I only b. III only c. I and II only d. I and III only

e. I, II and III only46. According to the passage, life as we know it exists on the earth because the atmosphere

a. contains a layer of ozone gasesb. contains electrically charged pariclesc. is warmest at the bottomd. carries the ultraviolet rays of the sune. provides the changes in weather

47. It can be inferred from the passage that a jet plane will usually have its best average rate of speed on its run from

a. New York to San Franciscob. Los Angeles to New Yorkc. Boston to Miamid. Bermuda to New Yorke. London to Washington, D.C.

48. It can be inferred from the Passage that at the top of Jungfrau which is 12000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually

a. below freezingb. about 42 degrees colder than on the groundc. wanner than in Interlaken d. affected by the ionospheree. about 75 degrees colder than in Interlaken

49. The passage states that the troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it

a. is closest to the sunb. contains electrically charged partiesc. radiates heat into spaced. has winds and air current that distribute the heate. is warmed by the earth’s heat

50. According to the passage, the atmosphere consists of all of the following EXCEPT

a. 21% oxygenb. a definite amount of water vaporc. ten permanent elementsd. less than 1% percent of xenone. considerable waste products

PART 21 C 21 A 41 C2 D 22 D 42 D3 A 23 A 43 B4 C 24 B 44 C5 C 25 D 45 A

6 A 26 C 46 A7 B 27 B 47 B8 D 28 E 48 B9 B 29 B 49 E10 E 30 A 50 B11 B 31 D12 E 32 D13 D 33 A14 C 34 D15 A 35 B16 B 36 B17 E 37 D18 D 38 C19 B 39 D20 C 40 A