rainforest -geo. project- designed by chan mei shuen(1),chau tsz ying(4), yip hau yan(19),sin ka...

RainforestRainforest

-Geo. Project--Geo. Project-Designed by Designed by

Chan Mei Shuen(1)Chan Mei Shuen(1),Chau Tsz Ying(4), Yip Hau Yan(19),Sin Ka Ching(36), Fong Fu ,Chau Tsz Ying(4), Yip Hau Yan(19),Sin Ka Ching(36), Fong Fu Tong(25), Leung Ngai Chung (31), Wong Siu Feat(39). Tong(25), Leung Ngai Chung (31), Wong Siu Feat(39).

ContentContent• What is rainforest?What is rainforest?• Where are the rainforests?Where are the rainforests?• Strata of the RainforestsStrata of the Rainforests• Why rainforests are important?Why rainforests are important?• People in the rainforestsPeople in the rainforests• Animals in rainforestsAnimals in rainforests• Plants in rainforestsPlants in rainforests• Danger of rainforestsDanger of rainforests• Solve the deforestationSolve the deforestation

What is rainforest?What is rainforest?• What is rainforest: Rainforests perhaps are the most important place in

the earth. It covered fifteen per cent of the Earth’s land. Rainforests are very dense, warm and wet forests. They are havens for millions of plants and animals. And there are two types of rainforests

• (1) Tropical rainforests (2) Temperature rainforests.

• The temperature: The weather is always wet. The temperature in the rainforest never freezes and never gets very hot. The range of temperature in a tropical rainforest is usually between 75° F and 80° F (24-27° C). Temperate rainforests rarely freeze or get over 80° F (27° C).

• Rainfall: Most rainforests have more than 200 mm of rain in a month. In Belem, Brazil, it rains on about 243 days each year. And the rain is heavy too! It is almost always raining in the rainforest. Rainforests get over 80 inches (2 m) of rain each year. It is about 1 1/2 inches (3.8 cm) of rain each week.

Where are the Where are the rainforests?rainforests?

• The Location:The Location:

Tropical rainforests are Tropical rainforests are located near the equator. located near the equator. Temperate rainforests are Temperate rainforests are found in coastal areas. The found in coastal areas. The largest temperate largest temperate rainforests are along the rainforests are along the Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest coastline, from Oregon to coastline, from Oregon to Alaska.Alaska. • The map of the rainforThe map of the rainfor

estest

Strata of the Strata of the RainforestsRainforests

• Different animals and plants live in different Different animals and plants live in different parts of the rainforest. Scientists divide the parts of the rainforest. Scientists divide the rainforest into strata (zones) based on the rainforest into strata (zones) based on the living environment. Starting at the top, the living environment. Starting at the top, the strata are: strata are:

• EMERGENTS:EMERGENTS: Giant trees that are much Giant trees that are much higher than the average canopy height. It higher than the average canopy height. It houses many birds and insects. houses many birds and insects.

• CANOPY:CANOPY: The upper parts of the trees. The upper parts of the trees. This leafy environment is full of life in a This leafy environment is full of life in a tropical rainforest and includes: insects, tropical rainforest and includes: insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, and more.birds, reptiles, mammals, and more.

• UNDERSTORY:UNDERSTORY: A dark, cool environment A dark, cool environment under the leaves but over the ground.under the leaves but over the ground.

• FOREST FLOOR:FOREST FLOOR: Teeming with animal life, Teeming with animal life, especially insects. The largest animals in especially insects. The largest animals in the rainforest generally live here. the rainforest generally live here.

• The tree layersThe tree layers

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Why are Why are rainforests rainforests important?important?

• Rainforests are home of native Rainforests are home of native people, plants and animalspeople, plants and animals

• Control the amount of carbon Control the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygendioxide and oxygen

• Plants made medicinePlants made medicine

• For eating and rubberFor eating and rubber

Why are Why are rainforests rainforests important?important?

• (1)Rainforests are (1)Rainforests are home of native home of native people, plant and people, plant and animals:animals: Rainforests are Rainforests are home to about fifty million people home to about fifty million people and more than half the species of and more than half the species of plants and animals of the earth live plants and animals of the earth live in the rainforests. In 10,000 in the rainforests. In 10,000 squares meters of rainforest there squares meters of rainforest there can be more than 8,00 different can be more than 8,00 different species of plants. (In all of Great species of plants. (In all of Great Britain there are only 1443 different Britain there are only 1443 different species of plants)species of plants)

• People in the People in the rainforestrainforest

Why are rainforests Why are rainforests important?important?

• (2)Control the (2)Control the amount of carbon amount of carbon dioxide and dioxide and oxygen:oxygen: The leaves of The leaves of rainforests’ trees make one-third rainforests’ trees make one-third of the Earth’s oxygen. The trees of the Earth’s oxygen. The trees of rainforests help the Earth’s air of rainforests help the Earth’s air because their leaves use carbon because their leaves use carbon dioxide and make oxygen, which dioxide and make oxygen, which we need to live. Also they we need to live. Also they control some of the Earth’s control some of the Earth’s weather. Through their large weather. Through their large leaves, they give out water leaves, they give out water vapour, which makes heavy vapour, which makes heavy clouds. The clouds then move to clouds. The clouds then move to other parts of the Earth and give other parts of the Earth and give rain. The clouds also protect the rain. The clouds also protect the Earth from the sun.Earth from the sun.

• Clouds and water vapourClouds and water vapour


• The Maize PlantationThe Maize Plantation

• (3)Plant made (3)Plant made medicines:medicines: Also the peoples of Also the peoples of rainforests have always used plants to rainforests have always used plants to make medicines. Today, all over the make medicines. Today, all over the world, people use medicines made from world, people use medicines made from rainforest plants. Rainforest trees are rainforest plants. Rainforest trees are used to make many things which we use used to make many things which we use every day. In 1970, a disease destroyed every day. In 1970, a disease destroyed half the maize in the United States of half the maize in the United States of America. Scientists began to look for America. Scientists began to look for new species of maize in the rainforests. new species of maize in the rainforests. In 1987, in the Mexican rainforest, they In 1987, in the Mexican rainforest, they found a new species, which is stronger found a new species, which is stronger than other species. than other species.


• (4)For eating and (4)For eating and rubber:rubber: Rubber, for Rubber, for example, is used to make example, is used to make many things. The fruits of many things. The fruits of many forest trees are good to many forest trees are good to eat – forest people have eaten eat – forest people have eaten them for thousands of years. them for thousands of years. Today, all over the world, Today, all over the world, people eat rainforest food people eat rainforest food plants; for example, coffee, plants; for example, coffee, tea, oranges, and rices. tea, oranges, and rices.

• Rubber treesRubber trees

People in the People in the rainforestsrainforests

• Peoples:Peoples: More than fifty million More than fifty million people live in the rainforests of the people live in the rainforests of the world.world.

• The YanomamiThe Yanomami

• Chico MendesChico Mendes• The Gavioes peopleThe Gavioes people• The Huli WigmenThe Huli Wigmen


• The YanomamiThe Yanomami :: They live along the rivers of the They live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil. rainforest in the north of Brazil. They are a group of forest people They are a group of forest people that can literally run up heavy that can literally run up heavy trunked emergent trees (over 200 trunked emergent trees (over 200 feet) without breaking a sweat. feet) without breaking a sweat. It's because of their remarkably It's because of their remarkably wide feet which also have wide feet which also have advantages running around the advantages running around the muddy rainforest floors. muddy rainforest floors.

• The YanomamiThe Yanomami


• Chico Mendes:Chico Mendes: He He was famous in Brazil was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. ‘I the forest for his people. ‘I want the Amazon forest to want the Amazon forest to help all of us- forest people, help all of us- forest people, Brazil, and all the Earth,’ he Brazil, and all the Earth,’ he said.said.

• Chico Mendes (right)Chico Mendes (right)


• The Huli The Huli Wigmen:Wigmen: They live on They live on an island, called Papua New an island, called Papua New Guinea, just off the coast of Guinea, just off the coast of Australia. The men of this Australia. The men of this tribe wear large wigs of tribe wear large wigs of matted human hair, that they matted human hair, that they grow themselves.grow themselves. • The Huli Wigmen The Huli Wigmen

ceremonyceremony


• The Gavioes The Gavioes people:people: They are They are living in Brazil and they living in Brazil and they use the forest, but they use the forest, but they protect it as well. They protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil find and sell the Brazil nuts, which grow on the nuts, which grow on the forest trees.forest trees.

• The Gavioes people opeThe Gavioes people opening Brazil nuts with maning Brazil nuts with macheteschetes

Animals in the Animals in the rainforestsrainforests

• Animals: In the rainforest, there are many Animals: In the rainforest, there are many different kinds of animals. You can find bats different kinds of animals. You can find bats with wingspans up to 5.5 feet, moths with with wingspans up to 5.5 feet, moths with wingspans of 12 inches, frogs so big they wingspans of 12 inches, frogs so big they could eat rats, and rats themselves weighing could eat rats, and rats themselves weighing up to 100 pounds.up to 100 pounds.

• The piranhaThe piranha

• The saltwater crocodilesThe saltwater crocodiles• The anacondaThe anaconda• The leaf cutter antsThe leaf cutter ants• Vampire batsVampire bats• The blue jeans frogThe blue jeans frog


• The piranha:The piranha: It is a It is a small fish that is activated small fish that is activated into a feeding frenzy by the into a feeding frenzy by the smell of blood. Their teeth are smell of blood. Their teeth are so sharp that they can strip a so sharp that they can strip a 100 pound animal to the bone 100 pound animal to the bone in a minute. No telling what in a minute. No telling what they could do to a box of they could do to a box of Kellogg's* Froot Loops* Kellogg's* Froot Loops* cereal!cereal!

• The PiranhaThe Piranha


• The saltwater The saltwater crocodiles:crocodiles: It can grow It can grow to more than 20 feet long. They to more than 20 feet long. They are one of the most aggressive are one of the most aggressive animals on earth. They've been animals on earth. They've been known to attack canoes out at known to attack canoes out at sea. You don't want to dial this sea. You don't want to dial this croc's number.croc's number.

• The anaconda:The anaconda: It's a It's a water boa and is the largest water boa and is the largest snake in the world at 37.5 feet snake in the world at 37.5 feet long and weighing over 500 long and weighing over 500 pounds. They've been known to pounds. They've been known to eat people now.eat people now.

• The saltwater crocodilesThe saltwater crocodiles

• The anacondThe anacondaa


• The leaf cutter ants:The leaf cutter ants: They are one of the first life forms on They are one of the first life forms on earth to engage in a form of earth to engage in a form of agriculture. They use the leaves to agriculture. They use the leaves to form an organic mulch that nurtures form an organic mulch that nurtures the growth of a certain type of the growth of a certain type of mushroom, which the ants cultivate mushroom, which the ants cultivate and eat as their sole diet.and eat as their sole diet.

• Vampire bats:Vampire bats: They’re They’re medium sized bats that pierce the medium sized bats that pierce the skin of their victim, usually a cow or skin of their victim, usually a cow or pig, with razor sharp teeth. The victim pig, with razor sharp teeth. The victim is unaware of the cut because the is unaware of the cut because the bat's saliva contains an effective bat's saliva contains an effective anesthetic, as well as an anti-anesthetic, as well as an anti-coagulant, to keep the blood flowing coagulant, to keep the blood flowing while the bat feeds. Blood is the sole while the bat feeds. Blood is the sole form of food for this bat.form of food for this bat.

• The leaf cutter antsThe leaf cutter ants

• The Vampire baThe Vampire batsts


• The blue jeans frog:The blue jeans frog: This little amphibian has been This little amphibian has been nicknamed the blue jeans frog. The nicknamed the blue jeans frog. The skin of this frog contains a skin of this frog contains a powerful toxin used by hunters to powerful toxin used by hunters to poison the tips of their arrows and poison the tips of their arrows and blow gun darts. Even in the rain blow gun darts. Even in the rain forest the cool animals wear blue forest the cool animals wear blue jeans.jeans.

• The blue jeans frogThe blue jeans frog

Plants in the Plants in the rainforestsrainforests

• In every rain forest there are many kinds of plants. In every rain forest there are many kinds of plants. In fact, inside a single hectare (2.47 acres) you can In fact, inside a single hectare (2.47 acres) you can find up to 750 types of trees and 1,500 types of find up to 750 types of trees and 1,500 types of plants! But this entire range of species can easily plants! But this entire range of species can easily be broken down into four categories, grouped by be broken down into four categories, grouped by how they take up nutrients: how they take up nutrients:

• Carnivorous plants eat small animals.Carnivorous plants eat small animals.

• Saprophytic plants eat decaying matter. Saprophytic plants eat decaying matter.

• Parasitic plants take nutrients directly from other Parasitic plants take nutrients directly from other living plants. living plants.

• Autotrophs take nutrients from the soil.Autotrophs take nutrients from the soil.


• The Bamboo:The Bamboo: It’s a It’s a giant grass found in the rain giant grass found in the rain forest and can grow up to 120 forest and can grow up to 120 feet high and have stems 12 feet high and have stems 12 inches in diameter. One Bamboo inches in diameter. One Bamboo plant was recorded growing at a plant was recorded growing at a rate of 36 inches in 24 hours. rate of 36 inches in 24 hours.

• The giant water The giant water lily:lily: It has leaves that can It has leaves that can grow over 5 feet across. It is grow over 5 feet across. It is actually strong enough for a kid actually strong enough for a kid to stand on. to stand on.

• The Bamboo ShootThe Bamboo Shoot

• The giant water lilyThe giant water lily


• The rafflesia:The rafflesia: It is a It is a parasite that has the world's largest parasite that has the world's largest flower. It's over 3 feet across and can flower. It's over 3 feet across and can hold several gallons of water. When it hold several gallons of water. When it opens, the rafflesia makes a hissing opens, the rafflesia makes a hissing sound like a cobra. It also has the sound like a cobra. It also has the strong odor and color of rotting meat, strong odor and color of rotting meat, which attracts flies that pollinate it.which attracts flies that pollinate it.

• Monkey ladders:Monkey ladders: They are these very cool vines that They are these very cool vines that grow in a zig-zag fashion and look grow in a zig-zag fashion and look like ladders. They're filled with pure like ladders. They're filled with pure water, so travelers only need their water, so travelers only need their machete to get a quick drink if they machete to get a quick drink if they want one. want one.

The rafflesiaThe rafflesia

• The money The money • ladderladder

Plant of the Plant of the rainforestsrainforests

• The venus fly trap:The venus fly trap: It It grows in poor soil swamps. To grows in poor soil swamps. To ensure they get enough nitrogen ensure they get enough nitrogen they hunt insects by giving off an they hunt insects by giving off an odor that attracts them. An insect odor that attracts them. An insect lands on the leaf which triggers it lands on the leaf which triggers it to snap shut. This one has caught to snap shut. This one has caught an insect. Venus fly traps taken an insect. Venus fly traps taken and grown in other parts of the and grown in other parts of the world have even been known to eat world have even been known to eat small bits of raw ground beef. small bits of raw ground beef. They're obviously not picky eaters They're obviously not picky eaters • Venus Fly Trap eating Venus Fly Trap eating

insectinsect

Disappearing Disappearing rainforestsrainforests

• Why are we destroying the Why are we destroying the rainforests that so QUICK? The rainforests that so QUICK? The answer was mainly about answer was mainly about MONEY. MONEY.

• Cutting treesCutting trees• Cattle ranchingCattle ranching• Coffee and sugar plantationCoffee and sugar plantation• Rapid populationRapid population• Building damsBuilding dams


• Cutting trees:Cutting trees: Countries with Countries with rainforest cut down about 50,000 square rainforest cut down about 50,000 square kilometers of trees every year, and sell the kilometers of trees every year, and sell the wood to the rich countries like Japan, wood to the rich countries like Japan, Europe, America… If you want to help the Europe, America… If you want to help the rainforests, you must not buy furniture rainforests, you must not buy furniture made of rainforest wood. Also, when made of rainforest wood. Also, when people look for metals in the rainforest, people look for metals in the rainforest, they also destroy the forests. For example, they also destroy the forests. For example, when people look for gold, they use deadly when people look for gold, they use deadly mercury to wash the gold. The mercury mercury to wash the gold. The mercury goes into the rivers where it kills fish and goes into the rivers where it kills fish and other animals. International business buy other animals. International business buy rainforests in the Latin America where land rainforests in the Latin America where land is very cheap. They cut down the trees, sell is very cheap. They cut down the trees, sell the wood, and use the land for cows.the wood, and use the land for cows.

• The logging treesThe logging trees


• Cattle ranching:Cattle ranching: Thousands of trees and animals Thousands of trees and animals have died, and forest people have have died, and forest people have lost their homes, so that today lost their homes, so that today North America can eat cheap meat North America can eat cheap meat only. Ninety per cent of Latin only. Ninety per cent of Latin America meat goes to North America meat goes to North America because it is so cheap. America because it is so cheap. Now, all over the world, people eat Now, all over the world, people eat 140 million tones of meat every 140 million tones of meat every year. And the rich countries of the year. And the rich countries of the north eat sixty per cent of thisnorth eat sixty per cent of this. .

• Cattle ranchingCattle ranching


• Coffee and sugar Coffee and sugar plantation:plantation: Many Many countries cut down countries cut down rainforests and plant coffee rainforests and plant coffee and sugar which they can and sugar which they can sell to rich countries. Not sell to rich countries. Not many insects and animals many insects and animals can live in coffee or sugar can live in coffee or sugar plantation because they plantation because they damage the coffee and damage the coffee and sugar.sugar.

• Coffee PlantationCoffee Plantation


• Rapid population:Rapid population: In many In many rainforest countries, there are too many rainforest countries, there are too many people in the cities, and many people people in the cities, and many people move to the rainforests to grow food for move to the rainforests to grow food for themselves. Also the people of many themselves. Also the people of many rainforest countries use wood from forest rainforest countries use wood from forest trees to make fires to cook their food. We trees to make fires to cook their food. We must help them to plant new trees, and must help them to plant new trees, and perhaps to find other ways of cooking. perhaps to find other ways of cooking. We also need to learn about the trees of We also need to learn about the trees of the rainforests, before we destroyed the rainforests, before we destroyed them. One famous tree is the petroleum them. One famous tree is the petroleum nut tree, from the Philippines. This tree nut tree, from the Philippines. This tree makes oil which we can use for fires for makes oil which we can use for fires for cooking or lighting. One of these trees cooking or lighting. One of these trees can make fifty litres of oil every yearcan make fifty litres of oil every year. .

• The PopulationThe Population


• Building dams:Building dams: In In Latin America, many countries Latin America, many countries want to build dams to make more want to build dams to make more electricity for their cities. In many electricity for their cities. In many places forest people and animals places forest people and animals have lost their homes, and have lost their homes, and thousands of trees have died thousands of trees have died because dams need a lot of water because dams need a lot of water to make electricity. In Australia, the to make electricity. In Australia, the rainforest in Northern Queensland rainforest in Northern Queensland is in danger because a dam on the is in danger because a dam on the Tully river will destroy many Tully river will destroy many squares kilometers of forests.squares kilometers of forests.

• DamsDams

Solve the Solve the deforestationdeforestation

• We can raise money to buy large We can raise money to buy large quantities of land and declare it off limits quantities of land and declare it off limits for loggers, farmers and ranchers.for loggers, farmers and ranchers.

• We can educate people about the value We can educate people about the value of the rainforest. How about buying an of the rainforest. How about buying an acre of the forest! For $37.50, individuals acre of the forest! For $37.50, individuals can purchase protection of an acre of can purchase protection of an acre of forest land.forest land.

• Reduce the use of paper and do not use Reduce the use of paper and do not use things that made in the rainforestthings that made in the rainforest

ConclusionConclusion• Rainforests really take an important part of our Rainforests really take an important part of our

life. They affect us very much. If the rainforests life. They affect us very much. If the rainforests were deforested, all the animals and plants would were deforested, all the animals and plants would lose their good living environment. Also, the great lose their good living environment. Also, the great numbers of species and the trees of the rainforests numbers of species and the trees of the rainforests which controlled the amount of carbon dioxide and which controlled the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen would be decreased rapidly. Oxygen is the oxygen would be decreased rapidly. Oxygen is the main product that human beings need, and if more main product that human beings need, and if more and more carbon dioxide were produced, global and more carbon dioxide were produced, global warming would be occurred. Then after a few years, warming would be occurred. Then after a few years, the earth and all living organisms would died. So we the earth and all living organisms would died. So we must protect our living place and stopped the must protect our living place and stopped the deforestation in order to have a better living deforestation in order to have a better living environment. I hope that the native people and environment. I hope that the native people and those who destroyed the forests can be co-those who destroyed the forests can be co-operated , in order to make a wonderful world.operated , in order to make a wonderful world.

FeelingFeeling• After doing this project, we knew the After doing this project, we knew the

importance of rainforests and the rapid growth importance of rainforests and the rapid growth of deforestation. Are there any methods to of deforestation. Are there any methods to solve the great problems? We can absolutely solve the great problems? We can absolutely say the answer is “Yes”, but the people are too say the answer is “Yes”, but the people are too selfish because of earning more money. They selfish because of earning more money. They have never thought about their future and have never thought about their future and their generations. Destroying the rainforests their generations. Destroying the rainforests will also make a great damage to the will also make a great damage to the environment. But why the people are still environment. But why the people are still destroying them? Also we learnt much skills of destroying them? Also we learnt much skills of how to present our project and technical of how to present our project and technical of using the computer.using the computer.

Work ListWork List• Chan Mei Shuen (1): Leader, information collector, Chan Mei Shuen (1): Leader, information collector,

designer, typist, scraper, make the decoration, read designer, typist, scraper, make the decoration, read the books, find the websitesthe books, find the websites

• Chau Tsz Ying (4): Information collector, make the Chau Tsz Ying (4): Information collector, make the decoration, grammar correctordecoration, grammar corrector

• Yip Hau Yan (19): Information collector, make the Yip Hau Yan (19): Information collector, make the decorationdecoration

• Fong Fu Tong (25): Information collectorFong Fu Tong (25): Information collector• Leung Ngai Chung (31): Information collectorLeung Ngai Chung (31): Information collector• Sin Ka Wing (36): Information collectorSin Ka Wing (36): Information collector• Wong Siu Faat (39): Information collector,make the Wong Siu Faat (39): Information collector,make the

decorationdecoration

rainforest -geo. project- designed by chan mei shuen(1),chau tsz ying(4), yip hau yan(19),sin ka...

Documents

rainforests strata

tropical rainforests

rainforests plants

rainforests animals

temperature rainforests

rainforests people

types of rainforests

rainforests different