raising wages to reopen

Restaurants Nationwide Raising

Wages to Save Their Businesses

After COVID-19

SEPTEMBER 2021

RAISING WAGES TO

REOPEN

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I. OVERVIEW

The COVID-19 pandemic caused massive upheaval in the US restaurant industry. After generations of restaurant owners paying tipped workers a subminimum wage — a legacy of slavery that is still $2.13 an hour at the fed-eral level — restaurant workers are refusing to work for anything less than a full, livable wage with tips on top.1 Their refusal has resulted in thousands of restaurants raising their wages nationwide. This brief provides only an initial snapshot of the diversity and brief of wage increases in restaurants

happening across the country. In total, in just a 2 week period, we have documented over 1,600 restaurants that have raised wages to pay the full minimum wage with tips on top, with an average wage of about $13.50 — across 41 states in which the vast majority of restaurants were paying a subminimum wage of $5 or less earlier this year.

The pandemic exacerbated the economic instability and vulnerability of tipped workers receiving a subminimum wage. With COVID-19, 6 million restaurant workers lost their jobs, and nearly two thirds reported to One Fair Wage that they faced great challenges access-ing unemployment insurance because in many states they were told their wages were too low to qualify for benefits.2 When millions returned to work last summer, a majority report-ed that their tips decreased dramatically and health risks, customer hostility, and sexual harassment increased with equal intensity.3 As a result, after the National Restaurant As-sociation had argued for generations that it would be impossible to pay a full, livable wage to restaurant workers, thousands of restaurants nationwide have raised their wages in 2021 — a majority of whom are paying a full minimum wage with tips on top.

II. METHODOLOGY

This brief represents the first publication in a year-long study of restaurant employer wage increases as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on an initial scan of thousands of online job postings on websites such as Indeed, Craigslist, SimplyHired, and Monster. We included in this dataset employers that listed a starting wage before tips that is the same or higher than the federal minimum wage, not the subminimum wage intended for custom-arily tipped workers. Customarily tipped workers include servers, bartenders, hosts, food runners, and all other front-of-house positions where tips were listed as supplemental to the online job posting. From August 24 to September 16, 2021, we were able to compile a list of over 1,600 employers providing the full minimum wage or higher to tipped workers. We also interviewed several dozen restaurants that have raised their wages about why they did so, and what support they need to continue to pay these wages.

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III. A LONG HISTORY OF LOW WAGES

The The subminimum wage for tipped workers is a direct legacy of slavery in the United States. After Emancipation, restaurants sought to hire newly-freed Black people and not pay them a wage, forcing them to rely entirely on customer tips.4 The National Restaurant Association (The Other NRA) was formed just a few decades after Emancipation, and suc-cessfully lobbied to memorialize this non-wage for a mostly Black, female workforce of tipped workers into law — resulting in the New Deal’s first federal minimum wage excluding tipped workers, and allowing employers to pay a subminimum wage as long as tips brought these workers to a full minimum wage.5 Thanks to ongoing lobbying from the Other NRA, the subminimum wage for tipped workers has risen only to $2.13 at the federal level, and 43

states persist with a subminimum wage for tipped workers today, the ma-jority of which allow employers to pay tipped workers $5 an hour or less.6

The National Restaurant Association (“The Other NRA”) has argued for decades that raising wages would kill the restaurant industry, closing business and causing job loss. In February of 2021, Congress planned to include the Raise the Wage Act in the Biden-Harris Administration’s COVID-19 relief bill; the bill would increase the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour and end the subminimum wage for tipped workers and work-ers with disabilities. In response to this bill, in February of 2021, the Other NRA’s Executive Vice President of Public Affairs Sean Kennedy stated, “The restaurant industry and our workforce will suffer from a fast-tracked wage increase and elimination of the tip credit.”7

Multiple studies have confirmed that increases in the minimum wage have little effect on employment, business growth, and would lead to only min-imal increases in menu prices.8,9 Furthermore, ending the subminimum wage would have significant economic impacts on the local economy as well as the workers themselves.10 The seven states that do not have a sub-

minimum wage for tipped workers and require a full minimum wage with tips on top have higher small business restaurant growth rates, restaurant sales, and restaurant employment than the 43 states that maintain a subminimum wage for tipped workers.11 Even the corporate chain restaurants that lead the Other NRA have touted the success of their businesses lo-cated in the seven states that require one fair wage — a full minimum wage with tips on top. During an investor call this year, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Denny’s was quoted as saying even with California’s phased-in increase in minimum wage — the chains performed better compared to other states, in terms of sales, guest traffic, and quality of service.

“As they’ve increased their minimum wage kind of in a tempered pace over that time frame, if you look at that time frame from us, California has outperformed the system,” Robert Verostek, said. “Over that time frame, they had six consecutive years of positive guest traffic — not just positive sales, but positive guest traffic—as the minimum wage was going up.”12

Now, in the wake of a staffing crisis, thousands of restaurants across the country are raising wages and providing a full minimum wage with tips on top — exactly the transition that the Other NRA consistently claimed was impossible for the industry to handle. Restaurants are finding that they must transition to one fair wage in order to recruit talent, fully reopen, and survive.

IV. THE WAGE SHORTAGE: RESTAURANT WORKERS REFUSING POVERTY WAGES

Restaurants are struggling more than ever to attract and retain workers. For years the restaurant industry was known for being one of the largest and fastest growing industries, while also being the lowest paid.13,14 Pre-existing low wages, compounded with the high risks and economic insecurity workers faced working throughout the pandemic, increased al-ready-high employee turnover rates in 2020 and 2021.15 By May of 2021, we found that over half (53%) of service workers report that they are considering leaving their jobs and the ma-

jority are leaving because their wages and tips are too low.16 Nearly 8 in 10 of these workers (78%) report that they would only stay in restaurants or return to work in restaurants if they received a full, livable wage with tips on top.17 The number of restaurant workers leaving their jobs has only increased this year. In July alone, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 710,000 restaurant workers quit their jobs.18

This past summer, governors and state officials representing nearly half the country moved forward with prematurely ending federal unemployment insurance benefits for millions of workers, believing that it would force workers to return to low wage service jobs.19 However, with or without unemployment insurance, workers report they are leaving the industry. Among unemployed individu-als in states where benefits were prematurely cut, 57% still report they are not considering returning to the service industry and the vast majority (79%) report their main reason for leaving is because

wages and tips are too low.20 In addition to this, data shows that prematurely ending unem-ployment insurance had little impact on overall job growth in these states.21

Even in states that prematurely cut benefits, by far the most common factor that would make workers stay in the industry is having a full, stable, livable wage. Nearly 70% (69%) of workers in states that cut unemployment insurance chose a full, stable, livable wage as the factor that would make them stay in the industry.22 Many workers are realizing that they want more out of their jobs and have used their experiences of the pandemic to demand more from their employers. In return, many employers have begun to increase wages for tipped workers to address the staffing crisis prevalent in a recovering industry.23

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V. THE RISING TIDE: HOW EMPLOYERS HAVE RESPONDED TO THE STAFFING CRISIS

Through scans of online posting, we found more than 1,600 employers that have increased their wages for tipped workers — providing them the full minimum wage with tips on top. We identified 1,621 restaurants in 41 states that had previously paid a subminimum wage to tipped workers that have now raised wages for tipped workers to provide the full federal minimum wage or higher with tips on top. On average, these restaurants across the country are pro-viding a starting wage for tipped workers of $13.52 with tips on top — a wage that the Other NRA and its local affiliates claimed restaurants could never pay, and would kill the industry.24

In interviews with dozens of owners of these restaurants, restaurateurs reported that they are raising wages in order to recruit talented staff, and because they believe that workers need living wages. Over a thousand restaurants have signed on to a letter to Congress call-ing for federal policy that would raise wages for all workers, and cited two reasons for their support of such policy:

1. Independent restaurant employers who are raising wages cite the need for a level playing field, so that larger corporate chains are not able to undercut them with pov-erty wages while they raise their wages, and so that consumption power of working people increases economy-wide, allowing more people to eat out and increase rev-enue to cover the increased cost of wage increases.

“Raising the minimum wage and eliminating the sub-minimum wage for tipped employees will help level the field for all restaurants, improve the lives of our team members and strengthen local economies. Taking these actions independently can be challenging, but doing it collectively will help us make our industry better and ultimately stronger.” —Michael Shemtov, Owner, Butcher and the Bee, TN & SC

2. While some restaurateurs who raised their wages were able to find employees due to the higher wages, many others continue to struggle to find sufficient staff given the massive exodus from the industry. These restaurateurs cite the need for policy change so that the federal government can use its platform to signal to millions of workers who have left the industry that there is permanent wage change on the hori-zon and it is worth returning to work in restaurants.

“I’ve raised wages to help retain our amazing staff, AND to attract new employees. The problem: there are virtually no new candidates out there. We and others want to reopen seven days a week but can’t until we find staff. I urge our esteemed New Hampshire Senators to acknowledge the hospitality staffing crisis by RAISING THE WAGE.” —Evan Mallet, Owner, Black Trumpet, Portsmouth, NH

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The following represents only a small sample of restaurants that have raised wages in a wide variety of states nationwide, but even as a sample it demonstrates the incredible breadth in the types of restaurants in a wide range of states that have raised wages to levels that the Other NRA claimed were impossible to pay.

1031 Meals $101892 East Restaurant & Tavern $18Avenue Pub $20B. B. King’s Blues Club $7Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar $15BarVista $20Bistro 218 $15Bocca Ristorante $15Clean Eatz $13Connors Steak & Seafood $25Davenport’s Pizza Palace $20Farm+Feed Restaurant $10Fish Market Restaurant $8Four Leaves Asian Restaurant $10Good Company Cafe $12I Love Sushi Jones Valley $7Iron City Grill $18Kiva Grill $8.50

Lee’s Family Restaurant $9Little Donkey $17Milano’s Italian Grill $16Moe’s Original Bar B Que $7NorthRiver Yacht Club $10Oishi Sushi and Grill $10Organic Farms Farmhouse $8Pappadeaux Seafood Kitchen $20Perdido Beach Resort $7.50Pizza Grace $14Red Bowl Asian Bistro $8Saraceno’s $10Taco Mama $13The Grocery Brewpub $10The Ledges $8Village Tavern $15Zen Steak and Sushi $7

ALABAMAEmployers: 35 Average Wage: $12.46 with tips on top

ARIZONAEmployers: 42 Average Wage: $14.13 with tips on top

“As a small business, we believe the service industry is a respectable career path. In gener-al, raising the minimum wage and eliminating the subminimum wage for tipped employees would increase economic activity, and allow local, independent restaurants to thrive. This is how we ensure that all restaurant jobs are seen as professional, and all workers are treat-ed with dignity. Specifically with us, a career in coffee means that the investment we are making in our staff is not only monetary but includes the opportunity to gain education in the different variants of the coffee chain like importing green coffee or becoming a service technician.” —Jessica Bueno, Owner, Xanadu Coffee, Phoenix, AZ

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* Verified commitment to One Fair Wage

ALMA $20Cattlemen’s Steakhouse & Lounge $15Chanpen Cuisine $16Charleston’s $12Cold Beers $ Cheeseburgers $12.15COLT Grill, BBQ & Spirits $12.15Culver’s $14First Watch $15Fuzzy’s Taco Shop $16Garage-East $12.15Giordano’s $15Hookah Lounge $12.50Hot N Juicy Crawfish $15Illegal Pete’s*Izumi Sushi $18La Ristra New Mexican Kitchen $12Ling & Louie’s Asian Bar and Grill $15Ling’s Wok Shop $15Lucille Smokehouse Bar-B-Que $14Marriott international $12.15Moonlight Restaurants $13Olaya Events & Co $14Pedal Haus Brewery $16Pizzeria Bianco*Preston’s Steakhouse $18

River City Grill $18Samurai Asian Bistro $20SanTan Brewing Co $20Scottsdale National Golf Club $15Smokin Fins $13SosaBa $14Soul Cafe $20Sushi Crush $13The Casual Pint Ocotillo $12The Nook a Daytime Eatery $12.50The Silver Key Lounge $12Toca Madera Scottsdale $15Tonto Verde Country Club $15Xanadu Coffee Co. $15Yolk Cafe $13Yutaka Japanese Restaurant $13

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wage Daisy Mae’s Steakhouse $11Kavasutra Kava Bar $10La Gitana Cantina $10Nanaya Japanese Kitchen $10Spiga Cucina Italiana $10The Canal Club $10.15

Bordinos $15Brick & Forge Taproom $11Brick Oven Pizza Company $11

Cantina Laredo $15Chenal Country Club $14Colton’s Steak House & Grill $18

“I own restaurants in Colorado and Arizona, and I would love to see the minimum wage raised to $15 per hour, and the elimination of the subminimum wage. When the people making the least get a raise, it increases economic activity, and ensures security for our workforces. Envisioning a restaurant industry that takes care of all involved is critical to business suc-cess and human success. I support the Raise the Wage Act and the American Rescue Plan.” —Pete Turner, Owner, Illegal Pete’s, Phoenix, AZ & Denver, CO

ARKANSASEmployers: 31 Average Wage: $12.90 with tips on top

ARIZONA

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Fat City Steak and Grillhouse $12First Watch Restaurants $11Flavors of Indian Cuisine $12Fu Lin Chinese Restaurant $15Fuji Japanese Steakhouse $11Golden Corral $12Hilton Garden Inn $11.99Hot Stone Pizza $12Jaclyn’s Kitchen $11Juicy Tails $11Kobe Sushi & Grill $14MarketPlace Grill $15Mazzios $11

Mirabella’s Table $11Petit and Keet $11Red Lobster $12RocknRoll Sushi $12Sumo Japanese Steakhouse & Sushi Bar $11Susan’s Restaurant $20Tavola Trattoria $12The Cutting Room $13The Pho House $11Tokyo House $20U.S. Pizza Chenal $13Wood Fired Kitchen $11

#Hashtag $22Angelo’s Taverna*Annette*Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar $15Bartaco $19.50Birdhouse $28Brazen Neighborhood Eatery $12.86BurgerFi $15Carrabba’s Italian Grill $15Cassia $13Chicken Rebel $15Cinzetti’s Italian Feast $15Dunton Hot Springs $13.50

Fiona’s Deli $13Frasca Food & Wine $17Homegrown Tap & Dough $23Hooked Sushi & Seafood Restaurant $15JUNZ Restaurant $25Kiki’s Fresh Bowls $16Kokoro Restaurant $25Lady of Decorum $18Luna’s Tacos & Tequila $20Mile High Station $20Monarch Casino Resort & Spa $18Old Chicago Pizza & Taproom $13Omni Hotels & Resorts $16

COLORADOEmployers: 52 Average Wage: $16.40 with tips on top

“Restaurants are the ultimate equalizer: a person can come in with no experience at all, start as a dishwasher and eventually become a chef, or they can come in with an elite culinary education and be a disaster on the line — but with enough drive and ambition, literally any-one can succeed in this world. That is why it is so important to provide living wages to our people and why we ultimately want to create jobs that provide an education and a pathway to advancement. These are not just jobs but viable career opportunities for even those with no formal education, given the right circumstances.” —Whitney Ariss, Owner, The Preservery,

Denver, CO

ARKANSAS

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Ore House $15Pizzeria Locale $17Root Down $14.77Skyport Hospitality $15Spuntino*STK Steakhouse $13Sullivan Scrap Kitchen $15Sunday Vinyl $18The Bridge $13.75The Famous Bonanza & Easy Street Casinos $13.50The Grateful Gnome $20The Hotel Telluride $16The Preservery*The S-Turn Food & Drinks $20

The Westin Westminster $12.32Uncorked Kitchen $25Urban Sombrero Sports Grill $25Wedgewood Weddings $14

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wage Bent Fork the Grill $12Hacienda Colorado $12Main Event Entertainment $12.32Naan Curry Grill $12Next Door Eatery $12Otto Pint $12Sonny Lubick Steakhouse $12The Dirty Byrd & T-Byrd’s $12.32

Artisan Restaurant at Delamar Hotel $15Artisan Restaurant at Greenwich Hospitality $13Barcelona Wine Bar $15Bedford Hall Craft Kitchen & Bar $13Book Trader Cafe $13BurgerFi $13.50Gruel Britannia $15Jimmies Of Savin Rock $13L’Escale Restaurant $13La Boca Restaurant & Cantina $13McLean $13.50Monroe Diner $14Oko Kitchen $14PeopleReady $18Ralph n Rich’s Restaurant $13Revolutions Bowling and Lounge $13Salsa Fresca Mexican Grill $13Samuel Slater’s Restaurant $13.50

Shea’s Pizzeria & Sports Bar $15Stew Leonard’s $15Tequila Escape $15The Elm City Club $15The Granola Bar $13The Hartford Canoe Club $15The Landing of North Haven $13.50The Marketplace at Guilford Food Center $15The Plum Tomato $13The Roger Sherman Inn $18The Watermark at East Hill $15.50

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wage Queen Pizza $12Red 36 Restaurant Mystic $12Unique League Cafe $12.50

CONNECTICUTEmployers: 32 Average Wage: $14.00 with tips on top

COLORADO

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99 Sea Level $9Applebee’s $14Back Burner Restaurant $10Blue Moon $25Border Cafe $15Chelsea TaverN $12Chiwa Bistro $12Connie’s Chicken and Waffles $12Cosmos Restaurant $10Crab du Jour $15Embassy Suites by Hilton $10Goober’s Diner $12Harrington Raceway & Casino $15Henlopen City Oyster House $15Irish Eyes Pub & Restaurant $9

Lefty’s Alley and Eats $20LongHorn Steakhouse $18Meadowcrest $13.50Metro Diner $20Perkins Restaurants $10Red Robin $17.50Smitty McGee’s $11Striper Bites $10The Green Turtle $12The Lodge at Truitt $13.50The Salted Rim $10Timothy’s Riverfront Grill $9.25Tokyo Steakhouse $18Turning Point $15Wilmington Country Club $10

2 Amy’s*314 Hospitality $15Al Dente Restaurant $15ANXO Brightwood*Atlas Brew Works & Tap Room $15Bartaco $19.50Bier Baron Tavern and DC Comedy Loft $20BLT Prime by David Burke $15BLT Steak DC $15Blueridge Restaurant Group $15Brasserie Liberté $15

Bubbie’s Plant Burgers & Fizz $15Busboys and Poets*Cafe Georgetown $15Canopy Washington Wharf $15.50ChopHouse & Brewery $15.20Circa at Foggy Bottom $15City Tap House $18City-State Brewing Company*Coastal Flats Tysons Corner $15Colada Shop $15Cork Wine Bar & Cork Market $15

DELAWAREEmployers: 30 Average Wage: $13.43 with tips on top

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAEmployers: 85 Average Wage: $16.66 with tips on top

$15 per hour isn’t a living wage in any state in the country right now, and in five years, it cer-tainly won’t be. If we’re going to save restaurants, we need to think about what kind of jobs exist in all of them. It’s time to end the subminimum wage.” —Andy Shallal, Owner, Busboys

and Poets, District of Columbia

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Cove $17Crab Boss On H $15.00Dacha Docks $15Daikaya $15District Winery $20El Tamarindo $15Elizabeth’s Gone Raw $15Espita Mezcaleria $22Fabio Trabocchi $19Flight Wine Bar* Gordon Food Group $15HipCityVeg $15Il Canale $15Immigrant Food $15.50Jinya Ramen Bar $15Kafe Leopold $15Kura Sushi $16La Betty $15La Collina $18Las Gemelas $25Little Beast Cafe & Bistro $16Live! Casino & Hotel $25Martha Dear*Mason’s Famous Lobster Rolls $15Maydan $15.20Mexicue $15Nobu $15.30Occasions Caterers $18Old City Market and Oven $15.20One Eight Distilling $15Oyster Oyster*Paraiso $15

Pearl Dive Oyster Palace $15Philotimo $17Pinstripes $15Pisco Y Nazca $25Plan Do See America at Eaten Hotel $18Primrose*Rappahannock Oyster Bar $16Recessions Bar & Grill $15Residence Inn by Marriott DC $15Reveler’s Hour $28Rumi’s Kitchen $15SeoulSpice $15Sequoia Restaurant $15.20Sushi Ogawa $20Swingers - The Crazy Golf Club $15Tail Up Goat*Taqueria del Barrio $15Thamee $19.97The DC Improv Comedy Club & Restaurant $15The Duck & The Peach $17The Fun Singles $25The Grill $15.20The Salt Line $18The Wells $17Tiki TNT*Toryumon Japanese House $15Truluck’s $18Union District Oyster Bar & Lounge $15Upper West Side Cafe $18Vivid Lounge $16Whiskey Charlie $15.50

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

FLORIDAEmployers: 31 Average Wage: $13.29 with tips on top

“For me, leveling the playing field for all workers is about compassion. One Fair Wage’s mission is a matter of human rights: the ability to afford dreaming about the future rather

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Addison Reserve Country Club $14Batch Gastropub $13Boathouse on Naples Bay $8Caliente Resort & Spa $10Divieto Ristorante $11Domu $12Foodies Downtown $12Gleneagles Country Club $17Hawkers Asian Street Food $10Heritage Oaks Golf & Country Club $10Houston’s $20Iguana on Park $10Jax Bistro & Bar $25JJ’s Fresh from Scratch $11Johnny Malloys Sports Pub $30Keke’s Breakfast Cafe $10

Las Catrinas Modern Mexican $10Louie Bossi’s Ristorante $13Maia House Restaurant $12Marco Island Italian Deli & Market $10Oronzo Honest Italian $11Outback Steakhouse $18Papa Llama $18Peach Valley Cafe $8Ristorante Farfalla $10Sonny’s BBQ $8The Breakers Palm Beach $20The Estates at Carpenters $11The Yacht and Country Club $20Uppercrust $12Wyndham Grand Jupiter $8

A Street $20Azure Eat Sip Vibe $10Bar Mercado $13Blue Martini $8Bulla Gastrobar $14Burger 21 $10Canyons Fresh Grill $10

Cherokee Town & Country Club $15Distillery of Modern Art $17Fifth Group Restaurants $15Gusto! $13Hibachi Buffet Sushi and Grill $15Hofbrauhaus Restaurant $15Lazy Betty*

than constantly negotiating needs in the present. This stands not only for workers, but also employers who, statistically, enjoy long term benefits from prioritizing fair practices. For several years, sustainability in sourcing has been a focus for many restaurants seeking to bring the best ingredients to the table. It’s time that we shift that mentality to also encom-pass the people who make our businesses run.” —Maria Ruiz, Owner, PAPA LLAMA, Orlando, FL

GEORGIAEmployers: 35 Average Wage: $12.24 with tips on top

“I support these changes because the pay and social disparity that has always been prev-alent in the industry needs to be minimized. The pandemic and the social issues that have recently risen magnify the precarious financial state of our industry and the workers in it. It’s important we capitalize on the attention that Covid and the social unrest has given us and use this opportunity to push the needle towards a better, more equitable future.” —Chef Ron Hsu, Owner, Lazy Betty, Atlanta, GA

FLORIDA

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Le Nouveau Maquis $11Loyal Q and Brew $7Magginao’s $15Marlow’s Tavern $20Marlow’s Tavern $20No. 246 $8Peachtree City Yacht Club $9Pokemoto ATL $10Rakkan Ramen $14Rosati’s Pizza and Sports Pub $10Rosie’s Cafe $7

Sage Woodfire Tavern $18Slapfish $8Squirrel’s Pizza $15Taqueria Tsunami $8Taziki’s Cafe ATL $10The Bluff Hotel $11The Rotisserie Shop $15The Town House Cafe $10Truett’s Luau $7.25Valhalla Resort hotel $8

3 Horse Ranch Vineyards $12Amano $10Barbacoa $15Barbacoa $15Blixt and Company $13Blue Sky Bagels $13Chicago Connection Pizza $15Clydesdale Bar & Lounge $17Copper Rill $9Coyne’s $25Dixie’s Diner $10Garibaldi Mexican Restaurant $10Golden Corral $15Heritage Hop Haus $10JaK’s Place $12.25Jaker’s Bar and Grill $25

Mazzah Mediterranean Grill $15O-Ki Teppanyaki & Sushi $13Olivers Restaurant $10Puder’s Pizza $7Red Bench Pizza $15Red Robin $8.75Sharis of Nampa $16The Club at Spurwing $20The Great Bambino Restaurant $9Tokyo Restaurant $10Utara Brewing Company $9Voicebox Karaoke $9Western Proper $15Zany’s $20Ziggy’s Express Gas and Grill $9

IDAHOEmployers: 31 Average Wage: $13.29 with tips on top

ILLINOISEmployers: 32 Average Wage: $15.67 with tips on top

“The truth is that the restaurant industry had pre-existing conditions before COVID, and now it’s time we address the inequity of the two-tiered wage system that makes our workforce

GEORGIA

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5 Loaves Eatery*BBQ’d Productions $19Big Jones $16Cabra $17Cira $17Countyline Tavern $12DESTIHL Brewery $18EggCetera Cafe $15Engrained Brewery $25Flour Power*Honky Tonk BBQ*Kitakata Ramen Ban Nai $13.60Lou’s LaGrotto $11Lula Cafe*Maxwell’s Restaurant & Bar $11May’s Lounge $12.50

MJB Restaurant Group*Nancy’s Pizza $12Old Chicago Pizza $15Radio Room $15SixtyFour - Wine Bar & Kitchen $12Split-Rail*St. Clair Country Club $15StoneWood Ale House $15Superkana*Sushi by Bou $15Swift & Sons Tavern & Oyster Bar $16Tequila CJ $13The Grail Cafe*The Original Pancake House $16The Summer Inn $20White Chocolate Grill $25

101 Beer Kitchen $15Aroma $7Bardenay Restaurant & Distillery $25Beer Barrel Pizza & Grill $16Burgerhaus $9Cafe Patachou*Cedarhurst of Edison Lakes $15.50Charleston’s Restaurant $15Chatham Hill Club $14

Chatham Tap Butler $13City Barbeque $14Condado Tacos $13Courtyard by Marriott Indianapolis $11Culver’s $12Drake’s Keystone $12Embassy Suites North $9.25Fujiyama Steakhouse of Japan $14Goodwood Brewing Co $7

ILLINOIS

INDIANAEmployers: 47 Average Wage: $12.14 with tips on top

rely on tips as the bulk of their income. This means that our workforce, which is dispropor-tionately women, is more likely to endure inappropriate customer behavior, harassment, and abuse. It also creates deep wage disparity between our front and back of the house team members, which has racial impacts that negatively affect black and brown workers. It’s time to end the subminimum wage, allowing for restaurant owners who want to invest in our employees to compete on a level playing field with low road employers down the street who continue to leverage poverty level wages to subjugate their workers. Thank you to all who are supporting this bill. Let’s build a more just and equitable industry where all of us can thrive.” —Monique Carter, Owner, MJB Restaurant Group, Chicago, IL

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Hard Truth $12His Place Eatery $7.25HuHot Mongolian Grill $15Kipplee’s Restaurant $15Mary Lou Donuts $9MashCraft Brewing $7Napolese*Next Door Eatery $10Oasis at the Murat $8Petite Chou*Pins Mechanical Co $14Portofino $20Prime Hospitality Group - Bin 23 $13Prodigy Burger Bar $10Public Greens

Sangiovese Ristorante $20Sharpiro’s Deli $10Sultana Cafe and hookah Bar $10Tavern On South $13The Hill Tavern $7.25The Library Restaurant & Pub $20The Mad Griddle $9Traditions at Reagan Park $13Walt’s Pub and Grill $7.25Wild Eggs $10Wine Market & Table $15Wing N It $7Woodstock Club $11Youche Country Club $7.25

Arrowwood Resort and Conference Center $11.25Aura Restaurant & Lounge $14Bandanas Bar-B-Q $10.30Baroncini Restaurant $8Blackstone Restaurant $8.10Carlos O’Kelly’s $14Cosi Cucina Italian Grill $12De Rice $12Delhicacy $7.25Des Moines Embassy Club $13District 36 Wine Bar & Grille $15Eatery A $20Fresko $9Gator’s Grill & Spirits $15Hotel Fort Des Moines, Curio Collection by Hilton $40

Landmark Restaurant $15Lizard Creek Ranch $8LJ’s Neighborhood Bar and Grill $15Mirabitos Italian $20Mosley’s Barbecue and Provisions $18Outback $20Prairie Meadows Racetrack and Casino $26Red Robin $9.50Riverside Casino & Golf Resort $7Ross’ Restaurant $10.25Sam’s Pizza $12Smitty’s Tenderloins $13Tin Roost $9Vue Rooftop $25Wasabi Johnston $20

INDIANA

IOWAEmployers: 30 Average Wage: $14.56 with tips on top

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7th Street Casino $7.50Acme Global Industries $8Austins Bar and Grill $18Best Western Wichita North $7AMF College Lanes $14Burg & Barrel $15Carlos O’ Kelly’s $14Dodge City Country Club $8Fajita Pete’s $15Falcon Ridge Golf Club $13Hartman Arena $10Hawaiian Bros $10.50HomeGrown $19Hy-Vee $11.25Joe Pepper’s $8Momoya $15

Mr. K’s Farmhouse $7Ninza Sushi Bar $15Old Chicago Pizza and Taproom $10Pig and Finch Gastropub $11Pinstripes Bistro $13River City Brewery $10Rye Leawood $15Sedgwick Plaza $10St. Andrews Golf Club $10The Sweet Spot $8Vietnom Nom $7.25Vikings Grille $15Wallaby’s Grill & Pub $20Wichita Country Club $10Wings, Etc. $8

Athenian Grill $10Bandanas Bar-B-Q $10.30Cinco de Mayo Mexican Restaurant $12El Cerro Grande Mexican Restaurant $9First Watch $9Fork & Barrel $13Gus’ World Famous Fried Chicken $10Hilligan’s $20Hunting Creek Country Club $15Keystone Bar and Grill $15Le Moo Steak House $20Little Mount Lavender $12Louisville Boat Club $18

Martin’s Bar-B-Que Joint $7.25Morning Fork $7.25Olive Garden Italian Restaurant $20Owensboro Country Club $8.50Pendennis Club $11Proof on Main $8Radisson Hotel $8Sapporo Japanese Grill & Sushi $12Smør Nordic Bakeri $10The Sea Hag $20The Village Restaurant $8Village Anchor Pub & Roost $18Volare Italian Restaurant*

KENTUCKYEmployers: 26 Average Wage: $12.45 with tips on top

KANSASEmployers: 31 Average Wage: $11.69 with tips on top

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Ace Hotel $14Antoine’s Restaurant $7Atchafalaya Cafe $8Azteca’s $7B&B $10Basin Seafood and Spirits $10Big Mike’s Sports Bar and Grill $8Bodacious Bar & Q $7.25Bud’s Broiler $12Byblos Metairie $15Cate Street Seafood Station $8Cavan $20Commander’s Palace $15Craft It Consulting $9Cucina Cangemi $18Deano’s Pizza $7Fezzos $8Fiery Crab $8Flex Hospitality $10Flying Burger & Seafood $9G’s Pizza $7Hana Japanese Steakhouse $15Hannah Q Smokehouse $10Hilton Baton Rouge Capitol Center $8Homewood Suites Shreveport $10Hotel Saint Vincent $7.25Houston’s Restaurant $15Jedi’s Local Po’ Boys $10JINYA Ramen Bar $9Juicy Seafood $11Krab Queenz Seafood $8Krystal Bourbon $10

Lucy’s Retired Surfers Bar & Restaurant $10Mason’s Grill $7Movie Tavern $9.50Muriel’s Jackson Square $9New Orleans Athletic Club $10New Orleans Country Club $8.50New Orleans Original Daiquiris $13Petroleum Club of Lafayette $9Pho Home $8Piccadilly $7.25Pierremont Oaks Tennis Club $10Pitt Grill $9Plucker Wing Bar $10Red Anchor $10Rendon Inn $7Shreveport Club $13Slim Chickens $8Springhill Suites by Marriott $9.75Stroubes Seafood and Steaks $9Superior Grill $10The Country Club of Louisiana $10The French Press $9.25The Little Big Cup $9The Maison $13The Rum House $12TJ Ribs $12Turkey and the Wolf*Twin Peaks $14Up & Adam $7Zea Rotisserie and Grill $8

LOUISIANAEmployers: 62 Average Wage: $10.03 with tips on top

17


Amato’s $18Angelina’s Ristorante and Wine Bar $20Antonia’s Bar & Grill $12.35Applebee’s $13Applecroft Catering $20Arcadia*Bao Bao Dumpling House $13Batson River $30Beach Boys Cannabis Company $15Beach Pea Baking Co $15BeachFire $14Bird & Co*Black Cow Burgers*Broken Arrow*Chebeague Island Inn $12.50Cong Tu Bot $12Courtyard Portland Downtown Waterfront $13Davinci’s Eatery $14DoubleTree by Hilton, Portland Maine $12.15Elevation Burger $15

Falmouth Country Club $15Fisherman’s Catch Restaurant $12Food for Thought $15Fore Street Restaurant Group $14Governor’s Restaurant & Bakery $12.15Green Tea $12Gross Confection Bar $24Hampton Inn $13.50Highlands $15Hong Kong Island Chinese Restaurant $15Hunt + Alpine $15Independent Ice Company $12Kobe Japanese Steakhouse $15Las Olas Taqueria $17Legends Sports Bar and Grill $22Lil’s Cafe $13Maine Beer Company $18Margaritas Mexican Restaurant $20Migis Lodge on Sebago Lake $13Mike’s All Day Breakfast $12Montsweag Restaurant $20

MAINEEmployers: 96 Average Wage: $15.22 with tips on top

“The subminimum wage leads to hunger, poverty and racial and gender economic and social inequity. Restaurants themselves, though comfortable with the familiar system, suffer with the impact of the subminimum wage – high rates of sexual harassment, weak commitment to mission and turnover. One Fair Wage presents a tremendous opportunity to make a pos-itive economic and social difference while at the same time lift up restaurants to become more professional workplaces where owners and workers thrive” —Michael Landgarten, Lil’s Cafe, Kittery, ME

“Six years ago I opened Maine’s first arcade bar because I wanted to be able to share my joy for arcade games, cocktails, and beer and be able to have fun at work. You know what’s not fun? Worrying about whether you’ll be able to pay your rent or your electricity bill if you have a bad night of tips. That kind of dependence on customers’ generosity for their survival opens up servers and bartenders to rampant sexual harassment and exposure to COVID. That’s a lot less fun than video games and beer.” —Dave Aceto, Owner, Arcadia National

Bar, Portland, ME

18


Mr. Tuna $15Musette $15N to Tail $15Natalie’s Restaurant at Relais & Chateaux Harbour Inn $15Ninety Nine Restaurants & Pub $14Oak Street Bistro*Oaxaca Fusion Grill $12Ocean Point Inn and Resort $13OceanView at Falmouth $12.15Old Port Tavern $20Owl & Elm Bakery*Pedro’s $16Petrillos $15Pier 77 Restaurant $14Piper Shores $14Portland Country Club $19Portland Harbor Hotel $18Portland Lobster Company $12.35Portland Pie Company $12Portland Seraton at Sable Oaks $19Purpoodock Golf Club $12Radici Portland $50Rigby Yard $14Rolly’s Diner $12Romeo’s Pizza $30Ruby’s West End $12.15Salvage BBQ $18Sanford Country Club $12Sarah’s Scoop $13

Sea Salt Lobster $12Sebago Brewing Company Brewery & Tasting Room $14Springborn Staffing $17.50St. Joe’s Coffee $12.15Sun’n Surf Restaurant $12Sunday River $12The Back Alley Restaurant $12The Black Tie Company - Union Kitchen $15The Breakwater Inn $12The Harraseeket Inn $15The Highlands $12.50The Independent Ice Company $12The Park Danforth $14The Press Hotel - Union Restaurant $15The Woodlands Club $18Tipo Restaurant $18TIQA $12.15West Street Cafe $12When Pigs Fly Restaurant $12Whitman Family Hotels $20York Harbor Inn $12York Harbor Reading Room $19Zao Ze Cafe $12.15

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wage Bolos Kitchen, Cantina, & Candlepin $10Emilitsa $10Solo Italiano $10

MAINE

MARYLANDEmployers: 30 Average Wage: $14.72 with tips on top

&Pizza $16Applebee’s $20Blue Sunday Bar and Grill $11.50Blueridge Restaurant Group $12

Brightview Senior Living $12Chevy Chase Club $15East Moon Japanese Steakhouse & Sushi $15Fratelli’s Italian Food $15

19


&Pizza $16Alden & Harlow $25Artu Rosticceria & Trattoria $15Bar Cicchetti Boston $20Belly of the Beast*Bon Me $13.50Craigie on MainDouble Zero Boston $10Flight Club Boston $50Grainne O’Malley’s Tavern $15Gustazo Cuban Kitchen & Restaurant $30Harvard Club of Boston $19

Jake N Joes Sports Grille $28La Trattoria Pizzeria & Ristorante $10Legal Sea Foods $16Lucky Strike Fenway $13.50Mameleh’s Delicatessen $17Mick Morgan’s Irish Pub & Restaurant $13.50Oakley Country Club $17Our Place Kitchen & Bar $17P.F. Chang’s Asian Bistro $10Scholars East Coast Tavern Group $15Somerset Club $16St. Botolph Club $15

Gibson Island Club $16Ledo Pizza $13Live! Casino & Hotel $25Mammaroma $16Martin’s Caterers $13Medium Rare $18Mexicue $15Mikey and Mel’s Famous Deli $11Noodles and Company $11.75Outback Steakhouse $11.75PeopleReady $15Rinaldi’s Riverdale Bowl $13

Sage Dining Services $15Seasons Pizza $12Señor Tequilas of Germantown $20TGI Fridays $12The Brass Tap $15The Green Turtle Franchising Company $16The Melting Pot $12Triple Star Restaurant Corp $13Two Story Chimney Ciderworks $15Uno Chicago Grill $11World of Beer $20

MASSACHUSETTSEmployers: 29 Average Wage: $18.37 with tips on top

“When the Raise the Wage Act of 2021 was introduced on January 26, 2021 as part of Presi-dent Biden’s American Rescue plan, the restaurant industry pushed back saying, effectively, it can’t be done. At &pizza, we know it can. Restaurant industry jobs tend to be character-ized by low pay, high turnover, and unpredictable schedules, and many industry leaders say they’re doing the absolute best they can, and that being forced to pay more would put them out of business or force them to reduce hours or jobs. But we know from experience at &piz-za that this does not have to be true. We decided from the beginning to be a different kind of restaurant company, a model for an industry that is, in many ways, failing its workers. We have a choice about the nature of the “work” we offer as an industry; we need to choose to do better.” —Andy Hooper, Owner, &pizza, MA, NY, PA, VA, MD, DC, NJ

MARYLAND

20


120 Taphouse & Bistro $252 North Vines $95th Tavern Clarkston $25Aldana Mexican Bar & Grill $13Ann Arbor Golf & Outing Club $9.65Aparium Hotel Group $13.50Audie’s Restaurant $8.50Bar Louie $20BarFly $14Barleycorn’s Public House $10Barton Hills Country Club $14Basement Burger Bar $15Bigalora $10Black Rock Bar and Grill $15Block House $11Blu Hookah Lounge $12Blue Fish $18Blue Tractor BBQ & Brewery $15Brick and Porter $13Bubbie’s Bagels $11Cafe Zola $15Casey’s Tavern $20Chandler’s A Restaurant $9CJ Mahoney’s $15Condado Tacos Troy City Center $20Da Francesco’s Ristorante and Bar $12Detroit Fleat Food Truck Park & Boozery $20DK’s Koney Island $10Eat Ann Arbor $10Eddie Merlot’s $15First Watch $12

Fischer’s Happy Hour Tavern $15Founders Brewing Co $14G’s Pizzeria Bar & Grill $20Gilmore Car Museum $9.65Gizmos $12Griffin Claw Brewing Co $15Haymaker Public House $10Heathers Club of Bloomfield $15Heirloom Hospitality - Townhouse Detroit $15Hilton Garden Inn -Detroit/Utica $12HOMES Brewery $15HopCat $14Hot North Chicken $15JB’s Whiskey Old Style Grill $10Jim Brady’s $20Jolly Pumpkin Taphouse $10Judson Market & Restaurant $20Juicy Kitchen $16King Crab Cajun Seafood $10Knight’s Steakhouse $14Lemongrass Thai Restaurant $18Los Amigos Mexican Bar and Grill*Louie’s Corner Bar $16Louie’s Trophy house $16Marriott Auburn Hills $13Max’s South Seas Hideaway $18Meadowbrook Country Club $15Mega Coney Island $12Metzger’s German Restaurant $18Mike’s Place $10Miss Kim $12

MASSACHUSETTS

MICHIGANEmployers: 122 Average Wage: $13.41 with tips on top

Tavern in the Square Wrentham $15Temazcal Tequila Cantina Dedham $20The Chateau Restaurants $30

Wahlburgers Fenway $13.50Waxy’s Pub Group $16

21


Momo Sushi $18Mon Jin Lau $12Novella’s Pizza $20Ojibwa Casino $12Osteria Rossa $10Palio $20Peppino’s Downtown Sports Lounge $13Polo Fields Golf & Country Club $10Relish Restaurant $10Salads UP $11Salt of the Earth $10Sammy’s Pizza $12San Marino Club $12Scramblers Restaurants $10Sedona Taphouse $20Shakers Bar & Grill $10.25Sheraton Ann Arbor Hotel $10Smokehouse 52 BBQ $20Social House 103 $20Sosumi Sushi $10Stella’s Table - Suser Restaurant Group $20Teddy Griffin’s Roadhouse $11Ten 11 Grill $12The Brass Restaurant $11The Chop house $25The Earle Restaurant $15The Grand Diner $10The Ocean Crab Cajun Seafood, Sushi & Bar $15The Peanut Barrel $10The Session Room $15The Songbird Cafe $13

The Sovengard $12The Station 100 $15The View Waterfront Restaurant $13Travis Pointe Country Club $20Tripelroot $16Uccello’s Downtown $10Umi Sushi & Grill $20Vic’s Casual Dining $15VIP (Very Important Parties) $17Waldenwoods Resort $11Wasabi Korean and Japanese $15WaterFire Vineyards $12Watermark Bar and Grille $11Weber’s Boutique Hotel & Restaurant $20Wolverine Sushi Bar $15

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageArt’s Pub $7Blue Goose Cafe $7Captain Jim’s Marina $8Catch 22 Bistro $8DaEdoardo North $7DoubleTree by Hilton Ann Arbor North $7Firewood Grill $8Mojave Cantina $8Patti Finnegan’sPub & Grille $7Scorekeepers $7Senor Lucky’s $8Stagecoach Inn $8Zingerman’s $8.50

MICHIGAN

MISSISSIPPIEmployers: 30 Average Wage: $8.86 with tips on top

Another Broken Egg Cafe $9Biaggi’s Ristorante Italiano $9

Chick-fil-A $10.50Chicken Salad Chick $10

22


1839 Taphouse $20612 Kitchen & Cocktails $14Blu Hwy $15Blue Hills Country Club $10Bogey Hills Country Club $12First Watch $14Forest Hills Country Club $13Hinode Japanese Steakhouse and Sushi $10HomeGrown $19Hot Box Cookies $12J. Huston Tavern $13Johnny’s West $10KC Smoke Burger $11Ol’ Henry Restaurant $15Q39 Restaurant $14Smitty’s Garage Kansas City $10Sunset Country Club $15

Surf and Sirloin $11Syberg’s Chesterfield $10The Creek Grill $15The Grotto $12The Melting Pot $11The River Club $15Three Kings Public House $10Truman’s Bar and Grill $20Tuscano’s Brazilian Grill $20Twisted Tree Steakhouse $11Uncle Julio’s $11Westborough Country Club $12

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageChaz on the Plaza $8Old Kinderhook Resort $8

Colony Bistro $7.25Dumbo’s on Duling $8Fitz Tunica Casino & Hotel $10Gumbo Girl $9Johnny T’s Bar & Blues $7Juicy Seafood $8.50Kickin’ Crab Restaurant $7.25Krab Queenz $7.25Kublai Khan $9Longhorn Steakhouse $10Margaritaville Resort Biloxi $8Mosaic Restaurant & Bar $8Mugshots Grill & Bar $8

MVP Sonics $8.50Outback Steakhouse $12Papito’s Mexican Grill $8Providence Hill Farm Sporting Club $10Red Hook Cajun Seafood & Bar $9Rio Grande Mexican Restaurant $9Sal & Mookie’s $8Sully’s $8.50The Blake at Flowood $10The Strawberry Cafe $7Tuk Tuk Boom $8.50Waffle House $10Your Pie $12

MISSOURI Employers: 31 Average Wage: $12.94 with tips on top

MISSISSIPPI

23


180 Restaurant & Bar $162Share Brewing*Adelle’s $10Barley & Salt Tap House and Kitchen $15Bedford Village Inn and Grand Hotel $15Beijing & Tokyo $25Bertucci’s Italian Restaurant $7Black Forest Cafe & Bakery $8Black Mountain Burger Co $18Blue Sky Restaurants - Jesse’s Steakhouse $10Bonfire Country Bar $13Boston Billiard Club and Casino $7Buba Noodle Bar $14Buffalo Wild Wings $12Campo Enoteca*Clark’s American Bistro $20Colby Hill Inn and the Grazing Room $19Contoocook Covered Bridge Restaurant $15Copper Door $13Elm City Restaurant & Brewery $8Elm House of Pizza $12Fody’s Great American Tavern $20Francouer’s Cafe $12Franklin Cafe $15Fresh House $14Georgia’s Northside*Gibb’s Garage $11Gilford Hills Tennis and Fitness Club $10Granfanallys Pizza Pub $12Granita Enoteca $15Granite Ledges of Concord $13

Great North Aleworks* Hector’s Fine Food and Spirits $15Homestead and Fratello’s Restaurants $10Ichiban Japanese Steakhouse & Sushi Bar $10IKKO Japanese Steakhouse $9Jack’s Pizza*Jonny Boston $15Jumpin’ Jay Fish Cafe $8La Vista Italian Restaurant $18LaBelle Winery $11Las Olas Taqueria $17Lilac Blossom $14Lui Lui Restaurant $7.25Machina Kitchen & Artsbar $12Madear’s $10Makris Lobster & Steak House $7.25Mangia Italian Restaurant $9.50Masa Sushi Hibachi Steakhouse $10Mei Wei $17Mikey’s Roast Beef and Pizza $8Mile Away Restaurant $10Mittersill Alpine Resort $11Molly O’s $12.15Moonlight Meadery & Hidden Moon Brewery $15Mountain Edge Resort $10Murphy’s on the Green $20Nick’s Place $12Ninety Nine Restaurant & Pub $13North Conway Grand Hotel $10North Garden Restaurant $15

NEW HAMPSHIRE Employers: 101 Average Wage: $12.59 with tips on top

“We at Jack’s Pizza support a full minimum wage for all workers with tips on top because it’s the right thing for workers and it creates more equality and sustainability for the industry.” —Kathleen Menegozzi, Owner, Jack’s Pizza, Pittsfield & Allton, NH

24


NorthSide Grille $7Not Your Average Joe’s $13Oak House*Patrick’s Pub and Eatery $7.25Pepper’s Landing $11Pizza 911 $9Plaistow Chicken Connection $15Pressed Cafe $15RHUM Tapas & Cocktails $7River House $12Rockingham Country Club $10Romano’s of Litchfield $15Roundabout Diner and Lounge $20Row 34 $15Shaking Crab $13Sky Meadow Country Club $20SouthSide Tavern $7Spencer’s Place $35Stonehurst Manor $10Strikers East Bowling Center $10

Teatotaller $14The Airfield Cafe $16The Barley House Restaurant & Tavern $9The Centennial Hotel $12The Farm Bar and Grille $9The Farmer’s Kitchen $10The Franklin $7The Greens at Hanover $16.50The Hop Knot $10The Portsmouth Brewery $10The Wolfeboro Inn / Wolfe’s Tavern $7.25Thirsty Moose Taphouse $11Thyme + TIDE Kitchen $18Toscana Italian Chophouse & Wine Bar $11Town & Country Inn and Resort $8Uno Pizzeria & Grill $15Vida Cantina $15Vida Mexican Restaurant $10Weathervane Seafood Restaurants $13YouYou Japanese Bistro $8

NEW HAMPSHIRE

&Pizza $16Andre’s Lakeside Dining and Catering $20Baltusrol Golf Club $14Blu Grotto $13Boxcar Bar $20Brasserie Memere $15Brownstone Pancake Factory $15Buona Sera Italian Restaurant $15Carrabba’s Italian Grill $15Chelsea’s Restaurant and Pub $16City Diner $18Cuban Pete’s $12Drifthouse By Chef David Burke $15

Firebirds Wood Fired Grill $15Fred & Ethel’s Lantern Light Tavern $14John & Molly’s Neighborhood Tavern $15Jose Tejas $20Just Beclaws $12Kinchleys Tavern $15Madison Cafe & Grill $25Maggiano’s $15Maple Valley Diner $15Matthew’s Food & Drink $20McDonagh’s Pub $20Mighty Quinn’s BBQ $13Monroe’s Cocktail Bar $25Mossuto’s Market $15

NEW JERSEY Employers: 46 Average Wage: $16.17 with tips on top

25


American Golf - Tanoan Country Club $14Angel Fire Resort $11.50Annapurna’s World Vegetarian Cafe $10.50Butter Smith Kitchen & Pies Restaurant $10Cattle Bacon Restaurants $11Dolina Cafe and Bakery $20El Nuevo Cananas $15Horno Restaurant $20Hotel Encanto de Las Cruces $10.50Ichiban Japanese Restaurant $10.50JC’s New York Pizza $10.25La Boca Restaurant $18La Posada de Santa Fe Resort & Spa $20Little Anita’s $15Los Cuates $10.50

Los Poblanos Historic Inn & Organic Farm $12Nexus Blue Smokehouse $15PF Chang’s Bistro $14Rio Grande Brew Pub $12Sawmill Market (Paxton’s North) $16Scalo Restaurant $10.50Slate Street Cafe $11Spirit Golf Management $10.50Taqueria Chavez $10.50The Alley Santa Fe $15The Club at Las Campanas $13The Inn of The Five Graces $15The Ranch House $12Tokyo Hana $10Trail Rider Pizza $10.50Viet Noodle $10.50Vintage 423 $20

Patio Grille $15Rockaway River Country Club $12Roman Nose $12Sayola $20Setaara $18Shogun Legends $20Sirena Ristorante $25Skylark Diner & Lounge $20Sushi by Bou $20Tacos El Tio $12Temple Gourmet $17

THAVMA Mediterranean Grill $15The Upper Crust $13Tino’s Artisan Pizza $18Tomasello Winery $13Triumph Brewing Company $16Westmount Country Club $15

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageFiamma Pizza $10Lokal $10

NEW MEXICO Employers: 32 Average Wage: $13.26 with tips on top

NEW JERSEY

26


&Pizza $1648 Lounge $165ive Spice $17.00886 Restaurant $18A la Turka Mediterranean $20Ardsley Country Club $14Bareburger $12.50Benemon $25Bentos NYC $15Birdland Jazz Club $15Bluestone Lane $22BondSt Restaurant $30Brewers Cafe and Taproom $12.50Brooklyn Made $12.50Brunetti Pizza Wine Bar $14Bushniwa $15Captain Lawrence Brewing Co $18Caputo’s Pizzeria $15Chama Mama $15Charley St. $15Charley’s Philly Steaks $15Cheeburger Cheeburger $15Cinnamon Cuisine $20Cirque de Soleil Blue Man Group $15.50Concrete Jungle NYC $16Crabtees NY & Main $12Creative Edge Parties $15Dame $15Debajo at Made Hotel $15Dirt Candy*Dobutsu $15

Dorado Tacos $17Dos Amigos $18Edo Japanese Steak House $20Elaia Estiatorio $23Fred’s $15Gaskins*Gatsby on The Ocean $16Gigino $15HaSalon $15Ho Foods NYC $20Hot N Juicy Crawfish $25Hunky Dory*Il Forno Italian Kitchen & Bar $20Kajitsu $15Kinton Ramen $18La Fin Kitchen & Lounge $12Lagos Restaurant & Lounge $15Le Bilboquet $17Lena’s Italian Kitchen $15Little Apple Cafe $13Live Axe $15LOCALS*LOLA Pizza $25Luna Inspired Street Food $16Malaparte Restaurant $20Marrello Restaurants $20Milk & Hops $12.50Miller’s Ale House $14Monarch Rooftop $15Mount Sinai Yacht Club $14North Miznon $15

NEW YORK Employers: 111 Average Wage: $16.65 with tips on top

“As a restaurant owner in New York City, I see no reason that we continue the practice of paying our workers a subminimum wage, forcing them to rely so heavily on tips as the bulk of their income. We need to mandate One Fair Wage, and allow tip sharing with the back of the house, so that our workforce can enjoy stability, dignity, and equity. Let’s build a more sustainable industry for all.” —Claire Sprouse, Owner, Hunky Dory, Brooklyn, NY

27


Nusr-Et Steakhouse $12.50Paisley Restaurant $15Pomp and Circumstance Hospitality*Portenas*Poured Candle Bar $20Prince Tea House $15Queens Beer Factory $12.50Red Hat on the River $25Red Newt Cellars, Winery & Bistro $14Rincon Salvadoreno*Rocco’s Pizza $14RPM Underground $15Russo’s On The Bay $15SAGA $16Samwon Garden BBQ $15Sands Atlantic Beach Catering $14Scaramellas $15Siros $30Skal Brooklyn $15Slide Bar-BQ $12Slidin’ Dirty*Soho Diner at the Soho Grand Hotel $16Sonnier & Castle $30Sounds of Brazil $15Stick With Me $16

Sugarfish $20Terrapin Restaurant $25The BoatYard Grill $13The Brook Tavern $15The Infamous $15The Odeon $23The Point Resort $20The Porch $18The Roxy Hotel $20The Standard Hotel $15The View Restaurant at The Mirror Lake Inn $15The Well $15The Wherehouse $12Time Out Market $12Times Square Edition $15The Shed Restaurant $15Tully’s Good Times $12.50Tzarevna*Union Block Italian $12Wallie’s $13White Horse Tavern $18Wiltwyck Golf Club $16Yumpling $17Zegarellis Restaurant $25

Cheetie Kumar $8Curate*LeanBack Soul Food $15

Local Oyster Bar*Pizzeria Toro*The Crunkleton*

NEW YORK

NORTH CAROLINA Employers: 6 Average Wage: $11.50 with tips on top

“When our dining rooms were forced closed during the pandemic we saw it as an opportu-nity for real change in the restaurant industry. We decided to eliminate sub minimum wage pay in our restaurants and adopted a model of all employees making above minimum wage with tips shared across all hourly non management workers, we instantly saw better and more equitable pay across all of our workers. It has literally changed lives.” —Katie Button, Owner, Curate, Raleigh, NC

28


bd’s Mongolian Grill $11Beer Barrel Pizza & Grill $16Big Walnut Grill $10Bison Street Pub $9Bourbon’s Kitchen $10Brown Dog Cafe $15BRU Burger Bar $18.75Caruso’s Italian Restaurant $15Castaway Craig’s Pub & Grub $8Chapman’s Eat Market $14Ciao! $18Cleats Club Seat Grille $20Condado Tacos $13D’Agnese’s Italian Restaurant $10Fat Head’s Brewing $11Hibachi Japan $10Hooley House Sports Pub & Grille $15

House of Hunan $10.50LouVino OTR $14Miner 49’er Mini Golf and Bar $10Nicola’s Ristorante $17Pierogi Mountain $15Redlands Grill $16.25Roseland Lanes $8S. W. Clyborne’s $20Taste of Belgium $11The Original Pancake House $11Top of the Viaduct Restaurant $10Yellow Brick Pizza $15

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageAgave & Rye $7Cactus Pear $7Lee’s Seafood Boil $7

OHIO Employers: 32 Average Wage: $12.58 with tips on top

Anima Cucina $15Applebee’s (Devils Lake) $15Applebee’s (Williston) $15Blarney Stone Hub $18Doolittles Woodfire Grill $13Granite City Food and Brewery $11Jasper Hotel $11

JoJo’s Italian Restaurant $25Mexican Village $10O’Kelly’s Bar and Grill $15Refinery Kitchen + Bar $9The Piggy BBQ of West Fargo $16The Windbreak $13

NORTH DAKOTA Employers: 13 Average Wage: $14.31 with tips on top

OKLAHOMA Employers: 28 Average Wage: $10.10 with tips on top

Bar Cicchetti $15 Basil Mediterranean Cafe $7

29


&Pizza $16Cafe Life Bake Shop $15Klavon’s Ice Cream Parlor $15

Martha Kennsignton*Scratch and Co.*

Asia Grille $25Bellini Restaurant $11.50Besos Bistro $11.50Boomerangs Roadhouse $15Chelo’s Hometown Bar and Grille $14Cherry Hill Grille $15Easy Entertaining $15Federal Taphouse and Kitchen $11.50Finn’s Harborside $14Fluke Newport $12Fresco $15Gas Lamp Grille $20

Hope Club $14Il Massimo $17Laura’s Bar and Grill $20Mare Rooftop $14O Sushi Asian Restaurant $15Pane E Vino $11Pasta Beach $12Rasa - Modern Indian Cuisine $15Revolution Foods $12Rogue Island Local Kitchen & Bar $20Scales & Shells $15Snookers $12

PENNSYLVANIA Employers: 5 Average Wage: $15.33 with tips on top

RHODE ISLAND Employers: 34 Average Wage: $13.97with tips on top

Bradford House $10Cafe 33 Steakhouse and Whiskey Bar $7.25Chamber at Tulsa Club Hotel $9Charleston’s Northwest Expressway $15Chips N’ Ales $11Downstream Casino Resort $8Kyoto Sushi Bar and Asian Bistro $11Land Run Grill $9Louie’s Edmond $20Metro Diner $15Nagoya Japanese Steakhouse and Sushi $9Nics Place Diner & Lounge $9

Notorious P.I.E Norman $9Notorious P.I.E. Norman $7Original Hideaway Pizza $7.25Osteria - Nichols Hills Plaza $11RibCrib BBQ $8Rodolfo’s Mexican Restaurant $10Smoke Woodfire Grill $9Tera Miranda $8Texas de Brazil $10The Daily Spot $9Uncle Julio’s $11Upper Crust $8Vino’s Italian Kitchen $12Zioa Italian Kitchen $8

OKLAHOMA

30


Another Broken Egg Cafe $15Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar $12Basic Kitchen $25Big Bad Breakfast $15Butcher & Bee $25Charleston Yacht Club $16Coral Greenville $8East Bay Meeting House $15Greektown Grille $13Groucho’s Deli $10Hamptons Restaurant $11Hot Tomato $10Kiawah Island Golf Resort $13Little Jack’s Tavern $20Live Oak Smokehouse $8

Longhorn Steakhouse $18Mario’s Italian Grill $10Pink Cactus $15Poe’s Tavern $10Post House $25Red Bowl Asian Bistro $10Red Lobster Restaurants $17Sage Valley Golf Club $10Springdale Hall Club $13Tazza Kitchen $15The Cliffs at Keowee Vineyards $9The Kickin’ Chicken $15The Lazy Goat $8The Village at Summerville $10Victors Steaks Wine Seafood $10

RHODE ISLAND

Arrowhead Country Club $9Backroads Coffeehouse $10Blarney Stone Pub $12Carnaval Brazilian Grill $9.50Cattleman’s Club Steakhouse $20Chasers Bar and Grille $15Crave American Kitchen & Sushi Bar $12

Elkhorn Ridge $9Granite City Food and Brewery $10GreatLife Golf & Fitness $9.45Kim’s Korner Bar & Grill $10Liv Hospitality, LLC $9.50Look’s Marketplace $15River’s Edge Restaurant $10

SOUTH DAKOTA Employers: 27 Average Wage: $11.13 with tips on top

Somo Kitchen & Sushi $12The Bike Stop Cafe $15The Martucci Group Inc. $11.50The Patio on Main $11The Vanderbilt $15Tilly’s Cheesesteaks $16

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageMariner Grille $10Providence Oyster Bar $8Red Parrot Restaurant $10The Cigar Bar at Regency Cigar Emporium $10

SOUTH CAROLINA Employers: 30 Average Wage: $13.70 with tips on top

31


5280 Burger Bar $20Acre 41 Restaurant $20Ambiance Events $17Baker Street Pub & Grill $20Bare Arms Brewing $8Bridlewood Golf Club $10Bull & Bowl $25Camp Lucy $20Christopher’s World Grille $20Counter Culture Restaurant $18Dripping Springs Distilling $15Flight Club $18Ichiro Asian Bistro and Wine Bar $12J.Macklin’s Grill $10Kura Sushi USA, Inc. $11.50L’Oca d’Oro $15Little Wu $15Mad For Chicken $20Madam Mam’s Thai Cuisine $16Mio Nonno $25Olamaie*Original Chopshop $15

Outback Steakhouse $12P. Terry’s $15Pacha Organic Cafe $15Pappasito’s Cantina $9Perry’s Steakhouse & Grille $15Speakeasy $9Sushi Damu $14Sushi Kadan $18Taste of Paris Creperie & Cafe $7.50The Auslander Restaurant $9The Garden at Ellera $13The Melting Pot $15Thomas Cuisine $13Tokyo Hana Japanese Restaurant $9Twisted Cork $8Urban Grill & Wine Bar $30Wingman Brothers SmokeHouse $11

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageBooshay’s Central Station Cafe $7Olive Garden $7Sake Hibachi Sushi & Bar $7

TEXASEmployers: 42 Average Wage: $14.49 with tips on top

“No one in 2021 should have to depend on a minimum wage of 2.13 or 7.25. Our communities and public health suffer when we have a workforce living on poverty wages with no paid sick leave and no health care.” —Adam Orman, Owner, Loca d’oro, Austin, TX

Sickies Garage Burgers & Brew $10The Barrel House $14Tokyo Sushi Hibachi Steakhouse $13Uncle Louie’s Diner $9.50Urban Chislic $9US Veterans Health Administration $22.60Whiskey Creek - Wood Fire Grill $12WR Hospitality $13

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageFuji Japanese Steakhouse $7KraV’n $7Let it Fly Sports Bar $8Meadowood Lanes & Lounge $8ROAM Kitchen + Bar $7

SOUTH DAKOTA

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Back Behind Restaurant $14Big Fatty’s BBQ $15Black Flannel Brewing Company $12Dorset Field Club $18Edson Hill $11.75El Gato Cantina $20Equinox Village $13Grindstone Pub $7India Masala House $15KOTO Japanese Steakhouse $20Maple Ridge Lodge $13Melaza Bistro $30Olive Garden $15

Parkside Cafe $12Peg & Ter’s Bar and Kitchen $14Piecemeal Pies*Ransom Tavern $13Roasters Cafe and Deli $7Sawmill Bar & Table $10Sugarbush $15The Lighthouse Restaurant $7The Matterhorn $20The Quechee Club $7Thorn + Roots $14Twin Farms $15Wunderbar $15

VERMONTEmployers: 26 Average Wage: $14.11 with tips on top

Bandit’s Grill & Bar $12Goodwood Barbecue Company $20Hearth & Hill $30Hearth on 25th $15HuHot Mongolian Grill $20Koral Kafe & Entertainment $25La Jolla Groves $12Mo’ Bettahs Hawaiian Style $9

Nohm $15Oak Wood Fire Kitchen $10Sapa Sushi Bar and Grill $12Siragusa’s Taste of Italy $11Thai Sapa $15Tsunami Restaurant & Sushi Bar $18Tucanos Brazilian Grill $14Via 313 Pizzeria $20

&Pizza $16Anthony’s Italian Restaurant $15Backroom Brewery $10Bar Louie $25Bodacious Pizza $9

BonChon Chicken $10Cape Charles Brewing Company $13Carlos O’Kelly’s $14Common House $13Craft 31 $12

UTAHEmployers: 16 Average Wage: $16.13 with tips on top

VIRGINIAEmployers: 31 Average Wage: $13.26 with tips on top

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Black Bear Evansdale $15Cacapon Resort State Park Restaurant $10Chilli’s $13Dockside Grille $12Fruits of Labor $10Fusion Japanese Steakhouse $11Hilton Garden Inn Martinsburg $8Laury’s Restaurant $9Lefty’s Place $10Lucky Rivers Cafe and Catering $9Main Street Cafe and Grill $9

Minard’s Spaghetti Inn $9Outback Steakhouse $9Tamarack $10Texas Steakhouse & Saloon $10The Winchester $9The Wine Bar at Vintner Valley $18Waffle House $10Whiskey Taco $9

Employers that pay higher than the tipped minimum wageSabraton Station $7

VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIAEmployers: 19 Average Wage: $9.81 with tips on top

Ford’s Fish Shack $15Fry’s Spring Station $26Go Poké $12Henley on Grace $7Jack’s Ranch $20Massaki Japanese Steakhouse & Sushi Bar $12Mission BBQ $12Parallel Wine & Whiskey Bar $20Plaka Grill $12Santouka Ramen $17Schlesinger’s Chop House $7

Sedona Taphouse $20Sharkey’s Wing and Rib Joint $15Slapfish Restaurant $8Sportsman’s Grille $9Stable Craft Brewing at Hermitage Hill Farm $14The Grille at Dogwood Trace Golf Course $9The Loudoun Kitchen and Bar $7Waraku $10Wild Magnolia $10Zeppoli’s $12

WISCONSINEmployers: 29 Average Wage: $12.72 with tips on top

“In Wisconsin, the living wage is $14.36. How do we expect folks to live on $7.25/hour? We need to increase the minimum wage now to $15 including the tipped workers in my restau-rant. The pandemic has highlighted how living off of tips alone is not sustainable. We must provide a more stable income for our teams. We need to pass the Raise the Wage Act in its entirety now!” —Dan Jacobs, Owner, Dandan, EsterEv, & Fool’s Errand, Milwaukee, WI

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Adventures Restaurant & Pub Siren $7.25Anchor Bar and Grill $10.00Buck & Honey’s $20.00Buffalo Phil’s Pizza & Grille $7.25DLUX $15.00Dockside Tavern $10.00El Beso Mexican Restaurante $14.00Eldorado Grill $18.00Five Pillars Restaurant and Banquet Halls $10.00Glass Nickel Pizza Company $11.00Grazies Italian Grill $8.00Ground Round Grill & Bar $8.00Kozy Korner Pizza & Sports Bar $9.00Kro Bar and Grill $10.00Log Cabin Restaurant $10.00

Lookout Tavern $8.00Lucille $18.00Monty’s Blue Plate Diner $20.00Moosejaw Pizza & Dells Brewing Company $7.50Pancake Cafe Fish Hatchery $10.00Rye Restaurant $20.00Scout Wine Merchants $10.00Sequoia Ramen & Sushi Lounge $17.00Tex Tubb’s Taco Palace $22.00The Madison Club $14.00The Swan Barn Door $9.00Tilted Loon Saloon Bar and Grill $11.00Tipsy Cow Sun Prairie $20.00Vintage Brewing Company $15.00

Albany Lodge $7.50Aspen House Restaurant $15Bella’s Bistro $9Bonsai $8.00Caldera House $28Chilis $11Crooked Creek Guest Ranch $7.00House of Sushi $20Newport Hotel Group $15

Niko Sushi & Steak $7.25Oxbow Family Restaurant $15Perkins Restaurant & Bakery $12Ranch & Roost $12Red Lobster $7Rib & Chop House $25The Alibi Pub $8.00Wasabi Japanese Steakhouse $12

WYOMINGEmployers: 17 Average Wage: $12.85 with tips on top

TOTAL: 1,621

WISCONSIN

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VI. CONCLUSION

As mentioned above, this brief represents the first publication in a year-long study of restaurant employer wage increases as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and this database is just a snapshot of the massive changes occurring in the industry. The authors will be continuing to doc-ument wage increases in restaurants over the course of the next year. But this initial snapshot demonstrates the breadth and diversity of shifts hap-pening in the industry.

Given this shift in the restaurant industry toward full, livable wages with tips on top, it is im-perative that policy makers support both workers and employers in the restaurant industry by passing federal and state policy to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and end the subminimum wage for tipped workers. The restaurant industry is increasingly recognizing that there is no other way to entice millions of workers who have left or are leaving the in-dustry to return or stay, and thus no other way to fully reopen or recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. After 150 years of tolerating poverty wages since Emancipation, workers are refusing to work for anything less than a full, livable wage with tips on top, and responsive employers need policymakers to support their responsiveness by creating a level playing field and signaling to millions of workers that it is worth returning to work in restaurants.

These policymakers, the restaurant industry and American consumers have only one of two choices: accept a massively reduced restaurant industry, or pass federal policy requiring that all of these workers be paid One Fair Wage.

36

1 One Fair Wage. (2021, May). It’s A Wage Shortage, Not A Work-er Shortage: Why Restaurant Workers, Particularly Mothers, Are Leaving the Industry, and What Would Make Them Stay. https://onefairwage.site/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/OFW_WageShortage_F.pdf.

2 One Fair Wage. (2021, May). Locked Out By Low Wages: Service Workers’ Challenges With Accessing Unemployment Insur-ance During COVID-19. https://onefairwage.site//wp-content/uploads/2020/11/OFW_LockedOut_UI_COVID-19_-FINALUP-DATE.pdf.

3 One Fair Wage. (2020, December). Take off your mask so I know how much to tip you: Service Workers’ Experience of Health & Harassment During COVID-19. https://onefairwage.site/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/OFW_COVID_WorkerExp-1.pdf.

4 Alexander, Michelle. (2021, February). Tipping is a Legacy of Slavery. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/05/opinion/minimum-wage-racism.html.

5 Rev. Barber II, W. J.(2019, July). The Racist History of Tipping. Politico Magazine.https://www.politico.com/magazine/sto-ry/2019/07/17/william-barber-tipping-racist-past-227361/.

6 Simon, M. (2014, January). How restaurant lobby blocks living wage for fast food workers. Aljazeera America. http://ameri-ca.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/1/how-the-restaurantlobby-blocksalivingwageforfastfoodworkers.html.

7 Kennedy, S. (2021, February). Raise the Wage Act is the Wrong Bill at the Wrong Time. National Restaurant Association. Pressroom. https://restaurant.org/news/pressroom/press-re-leases/raise-the-wage-act-is-the-wrong-bill-at-the-wrong.

8 Godey, A. and Reich, M. (2019, July). Minimum Wage Effects in Low Wage Areas. Institute for Research on Labor and Em-ployment. https://irle.berkeley.edu/minimum-wage-effects-in-low-wage-areas/.

9 Allegretto, S. and Nadler, C. (2015). Tipped Wage Effects on Earnings and Employment in Full-Service Restaurants In-stitute for Research on Labor and Employment. https://irle.berkeley.edu/files/2015/Tipped-Wage-Effects-on-Earnings-and-Employment-in-Full-Service-Restaurants.pdf.

10 Allegretto, S. and Cooper, D. (2014). Twenty-Three Years and Still Waiting for Change: Why It’s Time to Give Tipped Work-ers the Regular Minimum Wage. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/publication/waiting-for-change-tipped-minimum-wage/.

11 ROC United. (2018). Better Wages, Better Tips: Restaurants Flourish with One Fair Wage. New York, NY: ROC United. https://chapters.rocunited.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/OneFairWage_W.pdf.

12 Rock, J. (2021, May). Denny’s Shareholders Revolt After Top Exec Concedes $15 Minimum Wage Won’t Hurt Business. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/dennys-sharehold-ers-revolt-after-ceo-concedes-15-minimum-wage-wont-hurt-business-1588970.

13 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Employment Projec-tions, 2016-2026. Employment and Occupational Handbook News Release. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecopro_10242017.htm.

14 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2019, May). National Occu-pational Employment and Wage Estimates - United States. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2019/may/oes_nat.htm.

15 Akinyooye, L. and Nezamis, E. (2021, June). As the COVID-19 pandemic affects the nation, hires and turnover rates reach record highs in 2020. Monthly Labor Review. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2021.11

16 See note 1.

17 Ibid.

18 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2021, July). Job Opening and Labor Turnover - July 2021. JOLTS Summary. Economic News Release. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.nr0.htm.

19 Winck, B. and Kierz, A. (2021, August). GOP governors are kick-ing people off unemployment - if not getting them back to work. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/re-publican-governors-ending-unemployment-benefits-con-tinuing-claims-labor-shortage-jobs-2021-7.

20 One Fair Wage. (2021, July). Help Wanted: The Impact (or Lack Thereof) of Ending Unemployment Insurance on Restaurant Workers’ Willingness to Work for Subminimum Wages. https://onefairwage.site/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/OFW_Help-Wanted.pdf.

21 Chaney-Cambon, S. and Dougherty, D. (2021, September). States That Cut Unemployment Benefits Saw Limited Impact on Job Growth. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/states-that-cut-unemployment-benefits-saw-limit-ed-impact-on-job-growth-11630488601.

22 One Fair Wage. (2021, July). Help Wanted: The Impact (or Lack Thereof) of Ending Unemployment Insurance on Restaurant Workers’ Willingness to Work for Subminimum Wages. https://onefairwage.site/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/OFW_Help-Wanted.pdf.

23 Ben-Achour, S. (2021, May). Employer try an unfamiliar tactic to attract workers: raising wages. Marketplace. https://www.marketplace.org/2021/05/13/employers-try-raising-wag-es-attract-workers/.

24 See note 7.

ENDNOTES

raising wages to reopen

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