ramont2e rev tif ch05

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Ramont, Niedringhous, Comprehensive Nursing Care 2nd Edition Update Test

Bank

Chapter 5Question 1

Type: MCSA

The nurse is caring for a client who does not speak English, and seeks the services of an interpreter in order to

obtain an accurate nursing history. This nurse is demonstrating the use of what element of thought

1. !nterpretation and inference

2. "oint of view

. "urpose of thinking

!. Concepts

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse is demonstrating critical thinking using the element of point of view. The nurse is

considering the client%s perspective and need for valid information. !nterpretation and inference regard the

conclusion the nurse draws from specific data. "urpose of thinking is outlining the goals and ob&ectives ofthinking through a given situation. Concepts involve theories, definitions, laws, principles, and'or models.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse is demonstrating critical thinking using the element of point of view. The nurse is



Rationa%e $ The nurse is demonstrating critical thinking using the element of point of view. The nurse is



Rationa%e !$ The nurse is demonstrating critical thinking using the element of point of view. The nurse is


conclusion the nurse draws from specific data. "urpose of thinking is outlining the goals and ob&ectives of

thinking through a given situation. Concepts involve theories, definitions, laws, principles, and'or models.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: Analy(ing

C%ient Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ "lanning

*amont, )iedringhous, Comprehensive Nursing Care #nd Edition +pdate Test ank

Copyright #-# by "earson Education, !nc.



)earning -ut"ome: /iscuss the characteristics, skills, and attitudes of critical thinking.

Question 2

Type: MCSA

The nurse notes that the client is not eating most of the food on his tray. The nurse reasons that the cause of the

inade0uate intake could be cultural differences causing him to dislike the food he is served1 e2cessive portions1

depression or an2iety1 or irritated mucous membranes in his mouth from the treatment he is receiving. This part o

the decision3making progress is identified as$

1. 4oal setting.

2. /ata collection.

. E2ploring options.

!. Troubleshooting.

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ Answer option 5 is correct because the nurse has evaluated the client%s intake, and is seeking

alternatives to determine the cause of the problem. The nurse has not yet set any new goals for the client, and hasnot determined the criteria for evaluating the client%s intake 6options # and 57. The nurse is not troubleshooting the

problem or the solution, but is gathering information about what is known about the client to suggest another

option to solve the problem 6option 87.

Rationa%e 2$ Answer option 5 is correct because the nurse has evaluated the client%s intake, and is seekingalternatives to determine the cause of the problem. The nurse has not yet set any new goals for the client, and has

not determined the criteria for evaluating the client%s intake 6options # and 57. The nurse is not troubleshooting the problem or the solution, but is gathering information about what is known about the client to suggest anotheroption to solve the problem 6option 87.

Rationa%e $ Answer option 5 is correct because the nurse has evaluated the client%s intake, and is seeking

alternatives to determine the cause of the problem. The nurse has not yet set any new goals for the client, and has

not determined the criteria for evaluating the client%s intake 6options # and 57. The nurse is not troubleshooting the problem or the solution, but is gathering information about what is known about the client to suggest another


Rationa%e !$ Answer option 5 is correct because the nurse has evaluated the client%s intake, and is seeking

alternatives to determine the cause of the problem. The nurse has not yet set any new goals for the client, and hasnot determined the criteria for evaluating the client%s intake 6options # and 57. The nurse is not troubleshooting the

problem or the solution, but is gathering information about what is known about the client to suggest another


&%o'a% Rationa%e:






C%ient Need: "hysiological !ntegrity

C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ Evaluation

)earning -ut"ome: E2plain the importance of critical thinking to the nursing process.

Question

Type: MCSA

9hile working the first day in the clinical area, the nursing student receives an emergency call from family, and

must leave the unit. The nursing student demonstrates the ability to think critically by$

1. !nforming the client that the student must leave immediately.

2. !nforming the nursing instructor of the emergency and need to leave.

. :eaving the unit immediately and calling the nursing instructor on the way home.

!. Telling the nurse in charge of the client that the student must leave immediately.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ The student nurse thinks of the client%s safety, and first informs the nursing instructor of the

emergency and need to leave, so ade0uate client care can be arranged. The nurse never leaves the unit or the clienwithout first informing the person in charge, as this could be viewed as client abandonment. There is no need to

inform the client, and the nursing instructor can inform the charge nurse of the change in situation.

Rationa%e 2$ The student nurse thinks of the client%s safety, and first informs the nursing instructor of the

emergency and need to leave, so ade0uate client care can be arranged. The nurse never leaves the unit or the clien

without first informing the person in charge, as this could be viewed as client abandonment. There is no need toinform the client, and the nursing instructor can inform the charge nurse of the change in situation.

Rationa%e $ The student nurse thinks of the client%s safety, and first informs the nursing instructor of the



Rationa%e !$ The student nurse thinks of the client%s safety, and first informs the nursing instructor of the



&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: Applying


C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ !mplementation






Question !

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is talking with another student who does not see the purpose of learning about nursing theory

The student e2plains the importance of nursing theory by e2plaining that$

1. )ursing theory helps the nurse understand medical regimens.

2. )ursing theory helps the nurse think critically about nursing.

. )ursing theory helps the nursing student understand the nursing process.

!. )ursing theory helps the nurse understand critical thinking.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ )ursing theories help nurses to think critically about nursing. This critical thinking about nursing

can involve client needs, treatment approaches that improve outcomes, or processes the nurse can use in providin

client care. 9hile nursing theories can involve the nursing process, not all nursing theories involve the nursing process. Critical thinking is involved in nursing theories, but they are not intended to e2plain critical thinking.

)ursing theories involve nursing, not medicine, which would be medical theories.

Rationa%e 2$ )ursing theories help nurses to think critically about nursing. This critical thinking about nursing

can involve client needs, treatment approaches that improve outcomes, or processes the nurse can use in providinclient care. 9hile nursing theories can involve the nursing process, not all nursing theories involve the nursing

process. Critical thinking is involved in nursing theories, but they are not intended to e2plain critical thinking.

)ursing theories involve nursing, not medicine, which would be medical theories.

Rationa%e $ )ursing theories help nurses to think critically about nursing. This critical thinking about nursingcan involve client needs, treatment approaches that improve outcomes, or processes the nurse can use in providin

client care. 9hile nursing theories can involve the nursing process, not all nursing theories involve the nursing

process. Critical thinking is involved in nursing theories, but they are not intended to e2plain critical thinking. )ursing theories involve nursing, not medicine, which would be medical theories.

Rationa%e !$ )ursing theories help nurses to think critically about nursing. This critical thinking about nursing

can involve client needs, treatment approaches that improve outcomes, or processes the nurse can use in providin

client care. 9hile nursing theories can involve the nursing process, not all nursing theories involve the nursing

process. Critical thinking is involved in nursing theories, but they are not intended to e2plain critical thinking. )ursing theories involve nursing, not medicine, which would be medical theories.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':






)earning -ut"ome: /efine nursing theory.

Question 5

Type: MCSA

The nurse finds the client is suddenly unable to move the right arm. The nurse employs critical thinking skills by

1. )otifying the physician.

2. Applying heat to the arm.

. ;uestioning the client about when the symptoms started.

!. /iscontinuing the !< in that arm.

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse who discovers a new symptom in a client must first assess the client and gather data such

as vital signs, sub&ective information from the client, and observable data such as swelling, discoloration, and

appearance. To begin acting without first gathering data can result in inappropriate actions related to the cause ofthe problem. 9hile the physician will need to be notified, the nurse first must gather all of the important

information that will be needed to make diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse who discovers a new symptom in a client must first assess the client and gather data such

as vital signs, sub&ective information from the client, and observable data such as swelling, discoloration, andappearance. To begin acting without first gathering data can result in inappropriate actions related to the cause of

the problem. 9hile the physician will need to be notified, the nurse first must gather all of the important

information that will be needed to make diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Rationa%e $ The nurse who discovers a new symptom in a client must first assess the client and gather data such


appearance. To begin acting without first gathering data can result in inappropriate actions related to the cause of

the problem. 9hile the physician will need to be notified, the nurse first must gather all of the importantinformation that will be needed to make diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Rationa%e !$ The nurse who discovers a new symptom in a client must first assess the client and gather data such


appearance. To begin acting without first gathering data can result in inappropriate actions related to the cause of

the problem. 9hile the physician will need to be notified, the nurse first must gather all of the importantinformation that will be needed to make diagnostic and treatment decisions.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':





Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ Assessment


Question

Type: MCSA

The nurse is caring for the client with multiple medical diagnoses, and recogni(es that the client will also have

spiritual and social needs that might affect the client%s progress towards wellness in addition to physical needs.

Approaching the client%s needs in this manner is an e2ample of which of the following theories of nursing

1. Sister Callista *oy%s

2. Madeleine :eininger%s

. /orothea =rem%s

!. etty )euman%s

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ =rem describes health as a state of wholeness, which includes physical, psychological, and socialneeds. )euman believes that the client has an internal and e2ternal environment, and the client maintains a

balance and harmony between the two. :eininger%s theory centers on cultural care diversity, and *oy%s model is

the adaptive model of nursing.

Rationa%e 2$ =rem describes health as a state of wholeness, which includes physical, psychological, and socialneeds. )euman believes that the client has an internal and e2ternal environment, and the client maintains a



Rationa%e $ =rem describes health as a state of wholeness, which includes physical, psychological, and socialneeds. )euman believes that the client has an internal and e2ternal environment, and the client maintains a



Rationa%e !$ =rem describes health as a state of wholeness, which includes physical, psychological, and socialneeds. )euman believes that the client has an internal and e2ternal environment, and the client maintains a



&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome: Compare selected theories of nursing in terms of client, environment, health, and nursing.





Question /

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is working on a pediatric unit with a #3year3old client whose legs are in traction. 9hich of th

following would indicate that the nursing student is delivering developmentally appropriate care

1. The student selects an age3appropriate toy for the child.

2. The student takes the child%s vital signs.

. The student administers oral medications to the child.

!. The student provides skin care.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Selecting an age3appropriate toy is considering the needs of the client based on the developmentallevel of the client. Taking the client%s vital signs, providing skin care, and administering oral medications do not

address the child%s developmental level.

Rationa%e 2$ Selecting an age3appropriate toy is considering the needs of the client based on the developmental

level of the client. Taking the client%s vital signs, providing skin care, and administering oral medications do notaddress the child%s developmental level.

Rationa%e $ Selecting an age3appropriate toy is considering the needs of the client based on the developmental

level of the client. Taking the client%s vital signs, providing skin care, and administering oral medications do notaddress the child%s developmental level.

Rationa%e !$ Selecting an age3appropriate toy is considering the needs of the client based on the developmental

level of the client. Taking the client%s vital signs, providing skin care, and administering oral medications do not

address the child%s developmental level.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:


C%ient Need: "sychosocial !ntegrity

C%ient Need *u':



Question 0

Type: MCSA

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who is sitting in bed with the head elevated 5- degrees and is having

trouble breathing effectively. The nurse has read a number of research articles indicating that a >-3degree





elevation to the bed is more effective in reducing dyspnea than is a 5-3degree elevation. The nurse elevates the

head of the bed to >- degrees, and the client breathes more easily. The nurse has demonstrated use of$

1. )ursing theory.

2. )ursing diagnosis.

. Evidence3based practice.

!. 4oal setting for the client.

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse is using information from past research with positive client outcomes to solve a current

client problem, which is evidence3based practice. The nurse did not use any particular theory to solve the client problem. A nursing diagnosis states the problem, and goal setting involves establishing an outcome to be met by

the client, which was not demonstrated in this scenario, although it might have influenced the nurse%s action.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse is using information from past research with positive client outcomes to solve a currentclient problem, which is evidence3based practice. The nurse did not use any particular theory to solve the client

problem. A nursing diagnosis states the problem, and goal setting involves establishing an outcome to be met by


Rationa%e $ The nurse is using information from past research with positive client outcomes to solve a currentclient problem, which is evidence3based practice. The nurse did not use any particular theory to solve the client



Rationa%e !$ The nurse is using information from past research with positive client outcomes to solve a currentclient problem, which is evidence3based practice. The nurse did not use any particular theory to solve the client



&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: ?)"@!ntervention

)earning -ut"ome: E2plain the concept of evidence3based practice and describe ways in which the :")':<)can participate in evidence3based practice.

Question

Type: MCSA

The client reports to the nurse that he is feeling suddenly short of breath. The nurse displays critical thinking with

which of the following responses





1. !%ll apply some o2ygen to help you breathe better, and notify your doctor.

2. 9hen did this feeling start Are you having any other symptoms

. !%ll elevate the head of the bed and apply o2ygen.

!. ! will notify the doctor immediately.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ The act of critical thinking re0uires gathering more information before reacting to the change in the

client%s status. eginning implementations 6administering o2ygen, elevating the head of the bed, notifying the physician7 without first gathering data can result in treatments that do not address the actual problem or could

actually make the problem worse.

Rationa%e 2$ The act of critical thinking re0uires gathering more information before reacting to the change in the



Rationa%e $ The act of critical thinking re0uires gathering more information before reacting to the change in the



Rationa%e !$ The act of critical thinking re0uires gathering more information before reacting to the change in the



&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome: !dentify areas in which :")':<)s can incorporate critical thinking into their nursing

practice.

Question 1

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is working on a unit that is conducting nursing research regarding the best way to perform

nursing procedures. 9hich of the following actions by the student would assist the staff in this endeavor

1. /ocumenting the client%s response to nursing treatment





2. /ocumenting the client%s response to medication therapy

. /ocumenting the client%s toleration of ambulation following surgery

!. /ocumenting care given by the respiratory therapist

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ !n conducting nursing research, the nurses are looking for client improvement in response to nursing

treatment. The client%s response to medication is the response to the medical regimen, as is ambulating in the hall

/ocumenting care by the respiratory therapist is not a client response. 9hile all of these should be welldocumented, only the one involving nursing care would contribute to nursing research.

Rationa%e 2$ !n conducting nursing research, the nurses are looking for client improvement in response to nursing

treatment. The client%s response to medication is the response to the medical regimen, as is ambulating in the hall


Rationa%e $ !n conducting nursing research, the nurses are looking for client improvement in response to nursingtreatment. The client%s response to medication is the response to the medical regimen, as is ambulating in the hall


Rationa%e !$ !n conducting nursing research, the nurses are looking for client improvement in response to nursing

treatment. The client%s response to medication is the response to the medical regimen, as is ambulating in the hall/ocumenting care by the respiratory therapist is not a client response. 9hile all of these should be well

documented, only the one involving nursing care would contribute to nursing research.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome: E2plain the concept of evidence3based practice and describe ways in which the :")':<)

can participate in evidence3based practice.

Question 11

Type: MCSA

The nurse has been caring for a week for the same client, whose condition does not seem to be improving. 9hich

of the following actions would assist the nurse to plan further care based on evidence3based practice

1. Asking the doctor for an opinion on changing nursing practice

2. /iscussing the client%s progress with the nursing student caring for the client





. *esearching nursing &ournals for nursing research on the nursing care of the client%s condition

!. *eading nursing te2tbooks about the nursing care the client is receiving

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ The best way to improve nursing care and patient outcomes when a client is not improving from the

standpoint of the nursing regimen is to conduct a search for evidence that a different type of nursing action has been shown to be effective in improving client outcomes. /iscussing nursing outcomes with a physician orstudent would not be e2amining nursing practice and ways to improve care. *eading a te2tbook will give the

nurse accepted practice, but not the latest nursing research.

Rationa%e 2$ The best way to improve nursing care and patient outcomes when a client is not improving from the

standpoint of the nursing regimen is to conduct a search for evidence that a different type of nursing action has been shown to be effective in improving client outcomes. /iscussing nursing outcomes with a physician or

student would not be e2amining nursing practice and ways to improve care. *eading a te2tbook will give the


Rationa%e $ The best way to improve nursing care and patient outcomes when a client is not improving from thestandpoint of the nursing regimen is to conduct a search for evidence that a different type of nursing action has

been shown to be effective in improving client outcomes. /iscussing nursing outcomes with a physician or

student would not be e2amining nursing practice and ways to improve care. *eading a te2tbook will give thenurse accepted practice, but not the latest nursing research.

Rationa%e !$ The best way to improve nursing care and patient outcomes when a client is not improving from the

standpoint of the nursing regimen is to conduct a search for evidence that a different type of nursing action has

been shown to be effective in improving client outcomes. /iscussing nursing outcomes with a physician orstudent would not be e2amining nursing practice and ways to improve care. *eading a te2tbook will give the


&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome: E2plain the concept of evidence3based practice and describe ways in which the :")':<)

can participate in evidence3based practice.

Question 12

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is teaching a class to the other nursing students regarding theories of client care. The student

is e2plaining the importance of maintaining client safety when delivering client care. 9hich of the following

theories is the student addressing

1. Erikson%s eight stages of development





2. :eininger%s theory of cultural diversity

. Maslow%s hierarchy of needs

!. )ightingale%s environment theory

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ Maslow%s hierarchy of needs assists the nurse in prioriti(ing care, and safety is the second priority in

Maslow%s theory. :eininger%s theory approaches client care through cultural competence. Erikson%s theory

addresses care in relation to the developmental needs of the client, and )ightingale%s theory addresses care in anenvironmental mode, such as cleanliness, light, and ventilation.

Rationa%e 2$ Maslow%s hierarchy of needs assists the nurse in prioriti(ing care, and safety is the second priority in

Maslow%s theory. :eininger%s theory approaches client care through cultural competence. Erikson%s theory


Rationa%e $ Maslow%s hierarchy of needs assists the nurse in prioriti(ing care, and safety is the second priority inMaslow%s theory. :eininger%s theory approaches client care through cultural competence. Erikson%s theory


Rationa%e !$ Maslow%s hierarchy of needs assists the nurse in prioriti(ing care, and safety is the second priority in

Maslow%s theory. :eininger%s theory approaches client care through cultural competence. Erikson%s theoryaddresses care in relation to the developmental needs of the client, and )ightingale%s theory addresses care in an

environmental mode, such as cleanliness, light, and ventilation.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome: /efine nursing theory.

Question 1

Type: MCSA

9hich nursing theory identifies the client%s inability to provide self3care as a self3care deficit

1. Blorence )ightingale%s

2. /orothea =rem%s

. etty )euman%s





!. Sister Callista *oy%s

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ =rem%s general theory of nursing identifies the client%s capacities regarding self3care. )ightingale%s

theory is based on environmental factors of nursing. )euman%s model is assessment of the client by system. *oy%s

theory involves assessing the client%s adaptation methods.

Rationa%e 2$ =rem%s general theory of nursing identifies the client%s capacities regarding self3care. )ightingale%stheory is based on environmental factors of nursing. )euman%s model is assessment of the client by system. *oy%s


Rationa%e $ =rem%s general theory of nursing identifies the client%s capacities regarding self3care. )ightingale%s

theory is based on environmental factors of nursing. )euman%s model is assessment of the client by system. *oy%stheory involves assessing the client%s adaptation methods.

Rationa%e !$ =rem%s general theory of nursing identifies the client%s capacities regarding self3care. )ightingale%s

theory is based on environmental factors of nursing. )euman%s model is assessment of the client by system. *oy%s


&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':



Question 1!

Type: MCSA

The nurse is caring for a client who is on a low3sodium diet. The spouse visits and brings the client a bag of potat

chips. The nurse educates the client and spouse about the high content of sodium in potato chips and the purpose

of reducing sodium in the client%s diet. The nurse used critical thinking skills in which of the following ways

1. Making a nursing diagnosis

2. Applying knowledge

. Setting a goal for the client

!. 4athering data

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse applied knowledge of low3sodium diets to the client%s medical condition and taught theclient and spouse strategies to improve the client%s health. The nurse is displaying critically thinking by applying





knowledge. Making a nursing diagnosis involves gathering data regarding the client%s current status and thensetting goals or outcomes with the client.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse applied knowledge of low3sodium diets to the client%s medical condition and taught the

client and spouse strategies to improve the client%s health. The nurse is displaying critically thinking by applying

knowledge. Making a nursing diagnosis involves gathering data regarding the client%s current status and thensetting goals or outcomes with the client.

Rationa%e $ The nurse applied knowledge of low3sodium diets to the client%s medical condition and taught the

client and spouse strategies to improve the client%s health. The nurse is displaying critically thinking by applyingknowledge. Making a nursing diagnosis involves gathering data regarding the client%s current status and then

setting goals or outcomes with the client.

Rationa%e !$ The nurse applied knowledge of low3sodium diets to the client%s medical condition and taught the

client and spouse strategies to improve the client%s health. The nurse is displaying critically thinking by applyingknowledge. Making a nursing diagnosis involves gathering data regarding the client%s current status and then

setting goals or outcomes with the client.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':



Question 15

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is considering ways to apply some of the characteristics of critical thinkers to the care of

clients in the clinical setting. 9hich of the following would be an e2ample of sub&ecting the egocentric self to

close scrutiny

1. Ad&usting attitudes regarding clients from another culture

2. Arriving to clinical in a timely fashion

. /ressing in a professional manner

!. *eviewing the client%s diet tray

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Critical thinkers should review their own opinions and &udgments about people to ensure that

decisions made are for the good of the client and not bias on the part of the nurse. Arriving at clinical on time and professionally dressed is an e2pectation, and does not re0uire critical thinking. There is not enough information

about reviewing the tray to know if critical thinking was used.





Rationa%e 2$ Critical thinkers should review their own opinions and &udgments about people to ensure thatdecisions made are for the good of the client and not bias on the part of the nurse. Arriving at clinical on time and

professionally dressed is an e2pectation, and does not re0uire critical thinking. There is not enough information


Rationa%e $ Critical thinkers should review their own opinions and &udgments about people to ensure thatdecisions made are for the good of the client and not bias on the part of the nurse. Arriving at clinical on time and

professionally dressed is an e2pectation, and does not re0uire critical thinking. There is not enough informationabout reviewing the tray to know if critical thinking was used.

Rationa%e !$ Critical thinkers should review their own opinions and &udgments about people to ensure that

decisions made are for the good of the client and not bias on the part of the nurse. Arriving at clinical on time and

professionally dressed is an e2pectation, and does not re0uire critical thinking. There is not enough information


&%o'a% Rationa%e:


C%ient Need: "sychosocial !ntegrityC%ient Need *u':



Question 1

Type: MCSA

The nurse is caring for a client who recently had abdominal surgery. The nurse notes that the client walks bent

over, is frowning, and is short3tempered. The nurse concludes that the client might be in pain and in need of pain

medication, and assesses the client for pain. The nurse is demonstrating which of the following types ofreasoning

1. Analytical reasoning

2. udgmental reasoning

. Moral reasoning

!. /eductive reasoning

Corre"t #ns$er: 8

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse is using deductive reasoning to take pieces and put together a whole picture. The other

options are not types of reasoning but are thinking and &udgments.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse is using deductive reasoning to take pieces and put together a whole picture. The other






Rationa%e $ The nurse is using deductive reasoning to take pieces and put together a whole picture. The otheroptions are not types of reasoning but are thinking and &udgments.

Rationa%e !$ The nurse is using deductive reasoning to take pieces and put together a whole picture. The other


&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':



Question 1/

Type: MCSA

The nursing student is asked to teach a client about nutrition, and tells the client that chicken is a good source oflean protein. 9hich of the following describes the type of statement given to the client by the student

1. !nference

2. udgment

. Bact

!. =pinion

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ A fact is a statement that can be verified by investigation. An inference is a statement that draws a

conclusion from known facts. An opinion is a belief, and a &udgment is an evaluation of the facts.

Rationa%e 2$ A fact is a statement that can be verified by investigation. An inference is a statement that draws a

conclusion from known facts. An opinion is a belief, and a &udgment is an evaluation of the facts.

Rationa%e $ A fact is a statement that can be verified by investigation. An inference is a statement that draws aconclusion from known facts. An opinion is a belief, and a &udgment is an evaluation of the facts.

Rationa%e !$ A fact is a statement that can be verified by investigation. An inference is a statement that draws aconclusion from known facts. An opinion is a belief, and a &udgment is an evaluation of the facts.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: +nderstanding

C%ient Need: Dealth "romotion and Maintenance

C%ient Need *u':






)earning -ut"ome: E2plain the importance of critical thinking to the nursing process.

Question 10

Type: MCMA

The nurse is assigned care for a group of clients, and is deciding which client to see first. After report from the

off3going shift, the nurse reviews the notes on each client. =ne client needs to be ambulated, and is one3day

postoperative. Another client is three days postoperative, and is re0uesting pain medication. The third client is

being discharged this afternoon, and the fourth client received a respiratory treatment for shortness of breath an

hour ago. The nurse plans to assess the client who received the respiratory treatment first. 9hich element6s7 of

thought is the nurse using to prioriti(e her actions Select all that apply.

*tandard Te3t: Select all that apply.

1. !nterpretation and !nference

2. Assumptions

. Concepts

!. !nformation

5. !mplications and conse0uences

Corre"t #ns$er: ,8,

Rationa%e 1$ Answer options , 8, and are correct because the nurse is using steps in the critical thinking proces

along with deductive reasoning to make a decision of which client to see first. 9hile there might be some aspects

of care that can be taken for granted, it is not the primary element of thought being used. Concepts and theoriesunderlie the nursing actions, the nurse is actively utili(ing other elements of thought.

Rationa%e 2$ Answer options , 8, and are correct because the nurse is using steps in the critical thinking proces



Rationa%e $ Answer options , 8, and are correct because the nurse is using steps in the critical thinking proces



Rationa%e !$ Answer options , 8, and are correct because the nurse is using steps in the critical thinking proces







Rationa%e 5$ Answer options , 8, and are correct because the nurse is using steps in the critical thinking procesalong with deductive reasoning to make a decision of which client to see first. 9hile there might be some aspects

of care that can be taken for granted, it is not the primary element of thought being used. Concepts and theories

underlie the nursing actions, the nurse is actively utili(ing other elements of thought.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: ApplyingC%ient Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

C%ient Need *u':



Question 1

Type: MCMA

The nursing student is reinforcing class discussion by reviewing the clients% charts and identifying interventions

based on Blorence )ightingale%s theory of nursing. 9hich of the following would the student identify ascomponents of )ightingale%s theory of nursing Select all that apply.


1. /imming the lights to enhance sleep

2. Assessing the client%s ability to change a dressing

. athing the client

!. "revention of the development of pneumonia in a postoperative client

5. *educing the noise at the nurse%s station at night

Corre"t #ns$er: ,5,

Rationa%e 1$ )ightingale%s ma&or concept of nursing and health involves environmental factors such as

cleanliness, reduction of noise, and light as they relate to the needs of the whole client 6answer options , 5, and

7. =ption # refers to =rem%s theory of addressing the client by means of identifying the client%s self3care deficits.=ption 8 reflects )euman%s theory of wellness1 all parts of a person are in harmony.

Rationa%e 2$ )ightingale%s ma&or concept of nursing and health involves environmental factors such ascleanliness, reduction of noise, and light as they relate to the needs of the whole client 6answer options , 5, and


Rationa%e $ )ightingale%s ma&or concept of nursing and health involves environmental factors such as







Rationa%e !$ )ightingale%s ma&or concept of nursing and health involves environmental factors such as



Rationa%e 5$ )ightingale%s ma&or concept of nursing and health involves environmental factors such as

cleanliness, reduction of noise, and light as they relate to the needs of the whole client 6answer options , 5, and7. =ption # refers to =rem%s theory of addressing the client by means of identifying the client%s self3care deficits.

=ption 8 reflects )euman%s theory of wellness1 all parts of a person are in harmony.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':



Question 2

Type: MCMA

As student nurses progress through the program, they will be able to identify characteristics and e2amples of

critical thinking, such as$


1. a colleagueFs statement regarding the criminality of abortion.

2. noting personal opinion as such and separating it from problem solving.

. asking 0uestions to obtain further information to use when applying reasoning to a situation or problem.

!. being able to separate facts from inferences.

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: #,5,8

Rationa%e 1$ This would be an e2ample of egocentric thinking or opinion.

Rationa%e 2$ Separating egocentric roots of thinking from fact is a characteristic of critical thinkers.

Rationa%e $ Conscious e2amination of thinking, and gathering additional information for use when applying

inductive and deductive reasoning is a characteristic of a critical thinker.





Rationa%e !$ "rioriti(ing client care needs based on data collected is an e2ample of critical thinking.

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:


C%ient Need: Safe Effective Care EnvironmentC%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 21

Type: MCSA

The :")':<) makes nursing decisions based on critical thinking and

1. Scientific data

2. =pinions

. udgements

!. Assumptions

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Evidence based practices is a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about client care.

Rationa%e 2$ Evidence based practices is a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current

best evidence in making decisions about client care.

Rationa%e $ Evidence based practices is a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about client care.

Rationa%e !$ Evidence based practices is a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current


Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:







C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ /iagnosis

)earning -ut"ome:

Question 22

Type: MCSA

The definition of health as a state of well3being that is culturally defined is a characteristic of the following

nursing theory

1. )ightingale

2. =rem

. )euman

!. :eininger

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: 8

Rationa%e 1$ )ightingaleFs theory of health is one of being well and using oneFs powers to the fullest e2tent

Rationa%e 2$ =remFs theory of health view health as a state of soundness or wholeness of developed human

structures and of bodily and mental functioning

Rationa%e $ )eumanFs theory views wellness as a condition in which all parts of an individual are in harmony

with the whole

Rationa%e !$ :eininger%s theory views health as a state of well3being that is culturally defined, valued and

practiced.

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: *emembering


C%ient Need *u':Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ "lanning

)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2

Type: MCSA





G9hat assumptions or biases do ! have in this situationH is a 0uestion about critical thinking that can be asked

during which part of the nursing process

1. Assessing

2. /iagnosing

. "lanning

!. Evaluation

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked duringthe planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis stage of decision making

Rationa%e 2$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during

the planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis stage of decision making

Rationa%e $ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during


Rationa%e !$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during


Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2!

Type: MCSA

/ecision making is a critical thinking process for

1. Choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal

2. Collecting data

. Making assumptions





!. Binding conclusions

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ /ecision making is a process of identifying the problem, setting goals, prioriti(ing goals, finding

alternatives for meeting set goals, trying alternatives, and evaluating outcomes

Rationa%e 2$ Collecting data is a step in the decision making process

Rationa%e $ Assumption is an element of thought

Rationa%e !$ Binding conclusions is an element of decision the making process

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: Evaluating


C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 25

Type: MCMA

)urses use several angles to approach problems, including


1. :ooking at othersF perspectives

2. +sing observations

. Applying theories and models

!. +sing opinions

5. Monitoring

Corre"t #ns$er: ,#,5

Rationa%e 1$ :ooking at othersF points of view is an element of thought used to approach problems

Rationa%e 2$ +sing observations 6facts7 is an element used to approach problems





Rationa%e $ Applying theories and models helps the critical thinker approach problems

Rationa%e !$ =pinions do not have a place in the problem solving process

Rationa%e 5$ Monitoring is not part of the problem solving process

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2

Type: MCSA

The type of reasoning that is similar to putting together a pu((le without seeing the whole picture is

1. /eductive reasoning

2. !nductive reasoning

. !nterpretive reasoning

!. "urposeful reasoning

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ /eductive reasoning looks at the whole picture, and puts the pieces together logically.

Rationa%e 2$ !nductive reasoning looks at the whole picture, and may make a generali(ation about the data

Rationa%e $ !nterpretive reasoning is not used

Rationa%e !$ "urposeful reasoning is not used

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':






)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2/

Type: MCMA

The nursing unit has had an increase in occurrences of !< site infections. The :")':<)s on the staff assist in

which of the following ways to determine the best way to solve this problem


1. Convert the information needed into an answerable 0uestion

2. 4ather evidence about population, intervention, comparison, outcome

. *eevaluate the application of evidence and areas for improvement

!. +se a clinical reasoning care map

5. Apply nursing theory to the research

Corre"t #ns$er: ,#

Rationa%e 1$ The :")':<) can assist in identifying information regarding the population to be studied,

intervention to be evaluated, comparison group, and outcome

Rationa%e 2$ The :")':<) can gather data about "!C=

Rationa%e $ The :")':<) does not reevaluate the application of evidence and areas for improvement1 this is

usually done at the graduate level

Rationa%e !$ The use of a clinical reasoning map is not used in the evidence3based process

Rationa%e 5$ The :")':<) does not apply nursing theory in the research process

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ Assessment)earning -ut"ome:

Question 20

Type: MCSA

The :")':<) who is researching current evidence will find the best evidence in which type of resources





1. Systematic reviews

2. Critical research criti0ues

. *andomi(ed, controlled clinical trials

!. Te2tbooks

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Summaries of the evidence are the best sources, including evidence3based clinical practice

guidelines

Rationa%e 2$ These are critically appraised research studies that have been appraised by a peer3review process and

published in evidence3based &ournals

Rationa%e $ These are individual research studies

Rationa%e !$ These can be helpful when updating policies1 may not be as current as the other levels of evidence

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2

Type: B!

The :")':<) can assist in the evidence based practice by participating in a II step process

*tandard Te3t:

Corre"t #ns$er: 8

Rationa%e $ A four step process is generally used in evidence3based practice

&%o'a% Rationa%e:







C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question

Type: MCMA

As the :")':<) collects data about a client, they use critical thinking skills to


1. =rgani(e data

2. +se sub&ective data to develop nursing diagnoses

. +se ob&ective data to develop nursing diagnoses

!. +se irrelevant data to develop nursing diagnoses

5. *eport information

Corre"t #ns$er: ,#,5,

Rationa%e 1$ The nurse uses critical thinking skills to organi(e data in order to develop a nursing diagnosis

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse uses sub&ective data as nursing diagnoses are being developed

Rationa%e $ The nurse uses ob&ective data as nursing diagnoses are being developed

Rationa%e !$ The nurse ignores information unnecessary to the development of the nursing diagnosis

Rationa%e 5$ The nurse uses critical thinking to prioriti(e information to be reported to the physician

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 1

Type: MCSA

Sister Callista *oyFs Adaptation Model of nursing views the client as

1. A biopsychosocial being, in constant interaction with the environment





2. An open system

. An individual with vital reparative process to deal with disease

!. An entity who functions biologically, symbolically, and socially

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Sister Callista *oyFs Adaptation Model views the client as a iopsychosocial being in constant

interaction with the environment, who has four modes of adaptation based on different needs

Rationa%e 2$ This is a feature of betty )eumanFs System Model

Rationa%e $ This is a feature of Blorence nightingaleFs environmental theory

Rationa%e !$ /orothea =remFs 4eneral Theory of )ursing views the client as an entity who functions and initiate

and performs self3care activities to maintain life, health and well3being

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 2

Type: MCSA

The view of nursing as a profession concerned with all of the variables affecting an individualFs response to

stressors is a characteristic or which nursing theorist

1. Sister Callista *oy

2. /orothea =rem

. etty )euman

!. Madeleine :eininger

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: 5





Rationa%e 1$ *oy views nursing as involving the care and well3being of human persons

Rationa%e 2$ =rem views nursing as a helping or assisting service to persons who are wholly or partly dependent

when they or others responsible for their care are not able to give care

Rationa%e $ )euman sees nursing as a profession concerned with preventing stress invasion, concerned with all

of the variables affecting an individualFs response to stressors

Rationa%e !$ :eininger views nursing as a learned humanistic art and science that focuses on personali(ed behaviors, functions and processes to promote and maintain health or recovery from illness

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question

Type: MCSA

)eumanFs System Model details the nursing diagnosis as

1. A comprehensive statement about the clientFs general condition and actual and potential variances from

wellness

2. Stated in terms of clientFs limitations in self3care

. Bocusing on adaptation problems

!. Meeting healthcare needs in the conte2t of clientFs patterns

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFsgeneral condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions

Rationa%e 2$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFs

general condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions

Rationa%e $ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFs

general condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions





Rationa%e !$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFsgeneral condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: +nderstandingC%ient Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !

Type: MCMA

Several non3nursing theories and models of health and wellness are used by nurses, such as


1. ody Systems Model

2. MaslowFs Dierarchy of )eeds

. /evelopmental theories

!. Environmental Model

5. 9ellness Model


Rationa%e 1$ The body systems model focuses on abnormalities

Rationa%e 2$ MaslowFs Dierarchy of needs theory helps the nurse identify needs and set priorities1 it clusters data

into specific levels

Rationa%e $ /evelopmental theories assist nurses in treating clients holistically

Rationa%e !$ )urses do not use environmental theories

Rationa%e 5$ 9ellness models help clients to identify health risks, and to e2plore lifestyle habits, health behavior

beliefs, values and attitudes that influence levels of wellness

&%o'a% Rationa%e:







C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 5

Type: MCSA

"hysiological, safety and security needs are characteristics of data clusters used in

1. ody Systems Model

2. MaslowFs Dierarchy of )eeds

. 9ellness Model

!. )eumanFs System Model

5.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ The body systems model focuses on abnormalities.

Rationa%e 2$ Maslow%s hierarchy of needs theory helps the nurse identify needs and set priorities, clustering datainto levels$ physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, self3esteem needs, self3

actuali(ation needs.

Rationa%e $ )urses use wellness models to help clients to identify health risks and to e2plore lifestyle habits andhealth behaviors, beliefs, values, and attitudes that influence levels of wellness.

Rationa%e !$ )euman%s model views wellness along a dynamic continuum of wellness3illness, with all factors,

internal and e2ternal, affecting and affected by the system

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:


C%ient Need: Safe Effective Care EnvironmentC%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question

Type: MCSA





+sing EriksonFs eight stages of development to guide nursing is an e2ample of

1. A developmental theory

2. A body systems model

. A wellness model

!. A self3care theory

5.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ /evelopmental theories assist nurses in treating clients holistically1 EriksonFs eight stages ofdevelopment is an e2ample of a developmental theory that uses physical and psychosocial benchmarks

Rationa%e 2$ A body systems model assesses different body systems1 it is not effective when treating a client with

a disease process that has multisystem effects

Rationa%e $ )urses use a wellness model to help clients to identify health risks and to e2plore lifestyle habit, beliefs and attitudes that influence levels of wellness

Rationa%e !$ =remFs nursing theory is a self3care theory

Rationa%e 5$

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question /

Type: MCMA

)on3nursing models may be missing one or more of the following essential elements in nursing theory$


1. )ursing

2. "erson

. Dealth





!. "hysiological needs

5. Environment


Rationa%e 1$ A description of the attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care is essential to a

nursing theory

Rationa%e 2$ A description of the recipient of nursing care is essential

Rationa%e $ A description of the degree of wellness or well3being is essential to a nursing theory

Rationa%e !$ A description of physiological needs is not an essential element of a nursing theory

Rationa%e 5$ A description of the internal and e2ternal surroundings that affect the client is essential to a nursing

theory

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question 0

Type: MCMA

As student nurses progress through the program, they will be able to identify characteristics and e2amples ofcritical thinking, such as$


1. A colleagueFs statement regarding the criminality of abortion.

2. )oting personal opinion as such and separating it from problem solving.

. Asking 0uestions to obtain more information to use when applying reasoning to a situation or problem.

!. eing able to separate facts from inferences.

Corre"t #ns$er: #,5,8

Rationa%e 1$ This would be an e2ample of egocentric thinking or opinion.

Rationa%e 2$ Separating egocentric roots of thinking from fact is a characteristic of critical thinkers.





Rationa%e $ Conscious e2amination of thinking, and gathering additional information for use when applyinginductive and deductive reasoning, are characteristic of a critical thinker.

Rationa%e !$ "rioriti(ing client care needs based on data collected is an e2ample of critical thinking.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:

Cogniti(e )e(e%: Analy(ingC%ient Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question

Type: MCSA

The :")':<) makes nursing decisions based on critical thinking and$

1. Scientific data.

2. =pinions.

. udgments.

!. Assumptions.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Evidence3based practices are a problem3solving approach that involves conscientious use of current


Rationa%e 2$ Evidence3based practices are a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current


Rationa%e $ Evidence3based practices are a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current


Rationa%e !$ Evidence3based practices are a problem solving approach that involves conscientious use of current


&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:





Question !

Type: MCSA

The definition of health as a state of well3being that is culturally defined is a characteristic of which of the

following nursing theories

1. )ightingaleFs

2. =remFs

. )eumanFs

!. :einingerFs

Corre"t #ns$er: 8

Rationa%e 1$ )ightingaleFs theory of health is one of being well and using oneFs powers to the fullest e2tent.

Rationa%e 2$ =remFs theory of health views health as a state of soundness or wholeness of developed human

structures and of bodily and mental functioning.

Rationa%e $ )eumanFs theory views wellness as a condition in which all parts of an individual are in harmonywith the whole.

Rationa%e !$ :eininger%s theory views health as a state of well3being that is culturally defined, valued, and

practiced.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !1

Type: MCSA

G9hat assumptions or biases do ! have in this situationH is a 0uestion about critical thinking that can be asked

during which part of the nursing process

1. Assessing

2. /iagnosing

. "lanning

!. Evaluating





Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis.

Rationa%e 2$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during

planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis.

Rationa%e $ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis.

Rationa%e !$ 9hen using the nursing process as a model for making decisions, this 0uestion can be asked during

planning for and implementing the nursing diagnosis.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !2

Type: MCSA

/ecision making is a critical thinking process for$

1. Choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal.

2. Collecting data.

. Making assumptions.

!. Binding conclusions.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ /ecision making is a process of identifying the problem, setting goals, prioriti(ing goals, findingalternatives for meeting set goals, trying alternatives, and evaluating outcomes.

Rationa%e 2$ Collecting data is a step in the decision3making process.

Rationa%e $ Assumption is an element of thought.

Rationa%e !$ Binding conclusions is an element of the decision3making process.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:





Cogniti(e )e(e%: Evaluating


C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !

Type: MCMA

)urses use several angles to approach problems, including$


1. :ooking at othersF perspectives.

2. +sing observations.

. Applying theories and models.

!. +sing opinions.

5. Monitoring.


Rationa%e 1$ :ooking at othersF points of view is an element of thought used to approach problems.

Rationa%e 2$ +sing observations 6facts7 is an element used to approach problems.

Rationa%e $ Applying theories and models helps the critical thinker approach problems.

Rationa%e !$ =pinions do not have a place in the problem3solving process.

Rationa%e 5$ Monitoring is not part of the problem3solving process.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':

Nursing+ntegrated Con"epts: )ursing "rocess$ /iagnosis)earning -ut"ome:

Question !!

Type: MCSA

The type of reasoning that is similar to putting together a pu((le without seeing the whole picture is$

1. /eductive reasoning.





2. !nductive reasoning.

. !nterpretive reasoning.

!. "urposeful reasoning.

Corre"t #ns$er: #

Rationa%e 1$ /eductive reasoning looks at the whole picture, and puts the pieces together logically.

Rationa%e 2$ !nductive reasoning looks at the whole picture, and might make a generali(ation about the data.

Rationa%e $ !nterpretive reasoning is not used.

Rationa%e !$ "urposeful reasoning is not used.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !5

Type: MCMA

The nursing unit has had an increase in occurrences of !< site infections. The :")':<)s on the staff assist in

which of the following ways to determine the best way to solve this problem


1. Convert the information needed into an answerable 0uestion.

2. 4ather evidence about population, intervention, comparison, and outcome.

. *e3evaluate the application of evidence and areas for improvement.

!. +se a clinical reasoning care map.

5. Apply nursing theory to the research.

Corre"t #ns$er: ,#

Rationa%e 1$ The :")':<) can assist in identifying information regarding the population to be studied,intervention to be evaluated, comparison group, and outcome.

Rationa%e 2$ The :")':<) can gather data about "!C=.





Rationa%e $ The :")':<) does not re3evaluate the application of evidence and areas for improvement1 this isusually done at the graduate level.

Rationa%e !$ A clinical reasoning map is not used in the evidence3based process.

Rationa%e 5$ The :")':<) does not apply nursing theory in the research process.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !

Type: MCSA

The :")':<) who is researching current evidence will find the best evidence in which type of resource

1. Systematic reviews

2. Critical research criti0ues

. *andomi(ed, controlled clinical trials

!. Te2tbooks

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Summaries of the evidence are the best sources, including evidence3based clinical practiceguidelines.

Rationa%e 2$ These are critically appraised research studies that have been appraised by a peer3review process and

published in evidence3based &ournals.

Rationa%e $ These are individual research studies.

Rationa%e !$ These can be helpful when updating policies1 they might not be as current as the other levels ofevidence.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:





Question !/

Type: B!

The :")':<) can assist in the evidence3based practice by participating in a II3step process.

*tandard Te3t:

Corre"t #ns$er: Bour

Rationa%e $ A four3step process is generally used in evidence3based practice.

&%o'a% Rationa%e:



C%ient Need *u':


)earning -ut"ome:

Question !0

Type: MCMA

As the :")':<) collects data about a client, she uses critical thinking skills to$


1. =rgani(e data.

2. +se sub&ective data to develop nursing diagnoses.

. +se ob&ective data to develop nursing diagnoses.

!. +se irrelevant data to develop nursing diagnoses.

5. *eport information.


Rationa%e 1$ The nurse uses critical thinking skills to organi(e data in order to develop a nursing diagnosis.

Rationa%e 2$ The nurse uses sub&ective data as nursing diagnoses are being developed.

Rationa%e $ The nurse uses ob&ective data as nursing diagnoses are being developed.

Rationa%e !$ The nurse ignores information unnecessary to the development of the nursing diagnosis.

Rationa%e 5$ The nurse uses critical thinking to prioriti(e information to be reported to the physician.





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Question !

Type: MCSA

Sister Callista *oyFs Adaptation Model of nursing views the client as$

1. A biopsychosocial being, in constant interaction with the environment.

2. An open system.

. An individual with vital reparative process to deal with disease.

!. An entity who functions biologically, symbolically, and socially.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ Sister Callista *oyFs Adaptation Model views the client as a biopsychosocial being in constant

interaction with the environment, who has four modes of adaptation based on different needs.

Rationa%e 2$ This is a feature of etty )eumanFs System Model.

Rationa%e $ This is a feature of Blorence )ightingaleFs environmental theory.

Rationa%e !$ /orothea =remFs 4eneral Theory of )ursing views the client as an entity who functions and whoinitiates and performs self3care activities to maintain life, health, and well3being.

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Question 5

Type: MCSA

The view of nursing as a profession concerned with all of the variables affecting an individualFs response to

stressors is a characteristic or which nursing theorist

1. Sister Callista *oy





2. /orothea =rem

. etty )euman

!. Madeleine :eininger

Corre"t #ns$er: 5

Rationa%e 1$ *oy views nursing as involving the care and well3being of human persons.

Rationa%e 2$ =rem views nursing as a helping or assisting service to persons who are wholly or partly dependent

when they or others responsible for their care are not able to give care.

Rationa%e $ )euman sees nursing as a profession concerned with preventing stress invasion, concerned with allof the variables affecting an individualFs response to stressors.

Rationa%e !$ :eininger views nursing as a learned humanistic art and science that focuses on personali(ed

behaviors, functions, and processes to promote and maintain health or recovery from illness.

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Question 51

Type: MCSA )eumanFs System Model details the nursing diagnosis as$

1. A comprehensive statement about the clientFs general condition and actual and potential variances from

wellness.

2. Stated in terms of a clientFs limitations in self3care.

. Bocusing on adaptation problems.

!. Meeting healthcare needs in the conte2t of a clientFs patterns.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFs

general condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions.

Rationa%e 2$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFsgeneral condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions.





Rationa%e $ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFsgeneral condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions.

Rationa%e !$ )eumanFs systems model views the diagnosis as a comprehensive statement about the clientFs

general condition that is used to formulate and prioriti(e client needs and to identify interactions.

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Question 52

Type: MCMA

Several non3nursing theories and models of health and wellness are used by nurses, such as$


1. ody Systems Model.

2. MaslowFs Dierarchy of )eeds.

. /evelopmental theories.

!. Environmental Model.

5. 9ellness Model.



Rationa%e 2$ MaslowFs Dierarchy of )eeds theory helps the nurse identify needs and set priorities1 it clusters data

into specific levels.

Rationa%e $ /evelopmental theories assist nurses in treating clients holistically.

Rationa%e !$ )urses do not use environmental theories.

Rationa%e 5$ 9ellness models help clients to identify health risks, and to e2plore lifestyle habits, health behavior

beliefs, values, and attitudes that influence levels of wellness.

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Question 5

Type: MCSA

"hysiological, safety, and security needs are characteristics of data clusters used in$

1. ody Systems Model.

2. MaslowFs Dierarchy of )eeds.

. 9ellness Model.

!. )eumanFs System Model.

Corre"t #ns$er: #


Rationa%e 2$ Maslow%s Dierarchy of )eeds theory helps the nurse identify needs and set priorities, clustering data

into levels$ physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, self3esteem needs, and self3actuali(ation needs.

Rationa%e $ )urses use wellness models to help clients to identify health risks and to e2plore lifestyle habits and

health behaviors, beliefs, values, and attitudes that influence levels of wellness.

Rationa%e !$ )euman%s model views wellness along a dynamic continuum of wellnessJillness, with all factors,internal and e2ternal, affecting and affected by the system.

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Question 5!Type: MCSA

+sing EriksonFs eight stages of development to guide nursing is an e2ample of$

1. A developmental theory.

2. A body systems model.





. A wellness model.

!. A self3care theory.

Corre"t #ns$er:

Rationa%e 1$ /evelopmental theories assist nurses in treating clients holistically1 EriksonFs eight stages of

development is an e2ample of a developmental theory that uses physical and psychosocial benchmarks.

Rationa%e 2$ A body systems model assesses different body systems1 it is not effective when treating a client with

a disease process that has multisystem effects.

Rationa%e $ )urses use a wellness model to help clients to identify health risks and to e2plore lifestyle habits,

beliefs, and attitudes that influence levels of wellness.

Rationa%e !$ =remFs nursing theory is a self3care theory.

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Question 55

Type: MCMA

)on3nursing models might be missing one or more of the following essential elements in nursing theory$


1. )ursing

2. "erson

. Dealth

!. "hysiological needs

5. Environment


Rationa%e 1$ A description of the attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care is essential to a

nursing theory.

Rationa%e 2$ A description of the recipient of nursing care is essential.





Rationa%e $ A description of the degree of wellness or well3being is essential to a nursing theory.

Rationa%e !$ A description of physiological needs is not an essential element of a nursing theory.

Rationa%e 5$ A description of the internal and e2ternal surroundings that affect the client is essential to a nursing

theory.

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