ranching & farming, a new century texas history, chapters 18 and 20
TRANSCRIPT
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Ranching & Farming,A New Century
Texas History, Chapters 18 and 20
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Spanish Introduce CattleThe first cattle
brought to America arrived on the ships of Spanish explorers in the 1500s.
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Spanish Bring HorsesMustangs:
Small, hardy horses descended from horses brought by the Spanish
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Early Ranchers Vaqueros, or
cowhands, herded and drove cattle
Mexican American vaqueros were found on South Texas ranches
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Early Ranchers Open Range:
public land that could be used by anyone
Before the Civil War, most cattle lived on the open range and were slaughtered for their hides
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King Ranch Richard King bought the Santa Gertrudis,
old Spanish land grant on the southern Gulf Coast
King Ranch became one of the largest in Texas
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Trail DrivesCattle were
driven, or moved, in large herds to railroad towns to find better markets
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Trail DrivesLivestock were
kept at stockyards, or holding pens, in major railroad towns of Chicago and St. Louis
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Major Cattle Trails Sedalia Trail ran between Texas and
Sedalia, Missouri Missouri farmers complained that cattle
destroyed their crops; farmers blocked trails by building fences and barricades
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Major Cattle TrailsJoseph McCoy persuaded
railroads and cattle drovers to meet further west to avoid Missouri
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Major Cattle Trails Drovers used the Chisolm Trail
through Austin, Waco and Fort Worth to avoid Missouri
Chisolm Trail was named after Jesse Chisolm, a Native American trader
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Major Cattle Trails Goodnight-
Loving Trail was used to move cattle west to the ranges of New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Montana
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Life Along the TrailWrangler’s job
was to take care of the horses
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Life Along the Trail Cowhands took
turns “riding herd” at night, standing guard to prevent stampedes or raids by Native Americans or rustlers
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Life Along the TrailFew battles
with Native Americans: drovers had to pay tolls to cross the Indian territory
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Big Ranches After the buffalo were wiped out and
Native Americans were removed from the Plains, West Texas and the Panhandle became open to ranchers
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Big Ranches Thomas Bugbee
founded the Shoe Bar Ranch, one of the most famous of the large ranches
The invention of barbed wire ended the open range
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Big Ranches Ranchers began
enclosing their lands, cutting off the water supply to other ranchers’ herds
Windmills pumped water from wells, making fenced pastures possible.
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Big Ranches Cattle were branded
to show ownership Ranchers often
branded their cattle with their initials
Ex: JA ranch in Palo Duro Canyon belonged to John Adair
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Decline of Ranching Severe blizzards and long droughts in
the 1880s led to a decline in cattle ranching
Too many cattle meant rangelands were overgrazed and cattle prices fell
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Sheep IndustryAfter the Civil
War, a growing demand for wool brought even more sheep ranchers to Texas
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Cultures Meet in Ranch Country
Mexican American vaqueros were found on South Texas ranches
Most shepherds were Mexican Americans
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Cultures Meet in Ranch Country
African Americans were cowhands and trail bosses
Women also settled the frontier and built ranches
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A New CenturyBy 1900,
Dallas had emerged as the major city in central Texas.
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Texas Gold The discovery of
a major oil deposit changed the economy of Texas and the U.S.
Gusher at Spindletop began the oil boom in Texas
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Spindletop 1901: oil field near
Beaumont produced four times as much oil as had been produced by ALL Texas oil wells the previous year
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Boomtowns Populations of Beaumont and Humble
grew practically overnight Humble Oil Company later became
the multinational corporation known as Exxon-Mobil
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Good Luck on Your Test!